A HISTORY of the DUBLIN METROPOLITAN POLICE and ITS COLONIAL LEGACY Anastasia Dukova World Histories of Crime, Culture and Violence

W H C, C V A HISTORY OF THE DUBLIN METROPOLITAN POLICE AND ITS COLONIAL LEGACY Anastasia Dukova World Histories of Crime, Culture and Violence Series Editors Marianna Muravyeva University of Helsinki Finland Raisa Maria Toivo University of Tampere Finland Palgrave’s World Histories of Crime, Culture and Violence seeks to pub- lish research monographs, collections of scholarly essays, multi- authored books, and Palgrave Pivots addressing themes and issues of interdisciplinary histories of crime, criminal justice, criminal policy, culture and violence globally and on a wide chronological scale (from the ancient to the modern period). It focuses on interdisciplinary studies, historically con- textualized, across various cultures and spaces employing a wide range of methodologies and conceptual frameworks. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14383 Anastasia Dukova A History of the Dublin Metropolitan Police and its Colonial Legacy Anastasia Dukova Brisbane , Australia World Histories of Crime, Culture and Violence ISBN 978-1-137-55581-6 ISBN 978-1-137-55582-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-55582-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016953884 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 The author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identifi ed as the author(s) of this workin accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover illustration: © DMP Constable, 1910. Source: Garda Síochána Museum and Archives Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Macmillan Publishers Ltd. The registered company address is: The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW, United Kingdom For my parents Natalia and Yuri, and all those who never gave up ENDORS EMENT There is a long-held assumption that the Royal Irish Constabulary pro- vided the model for policing across the British Empire. Dukova confi - dently and competently challenges this with reference to the towns and cities of the White Dominions. A well-researched and wide-ranging book, this should serve to stimulate more comparative research and to question further the traditional views of police history and development. – Emeritus Professor Clive Emsley, Department of History, the Open University UK Dr Dukova is to be congratulated for writing an engaging, thought- provoking and impressively researched book that addresses a salient gap in criminal justice history. It will be essential reading for scholars interested in Irish police history and its colonial legacy. – Associate Professor David Barrie, Department of History, the University of Western Australia vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Sergeant Paul Maher, for- mer Curator of the Garda Museum, Dublin, and to Lisa Jones, Curator of the Queensland Police Museum, Brisbane, for facilitating this research by granting access to the museums’ collections and lending their advice. Their timely assistance was invaluable for successful completion of this work. I would like to offer special thanks to my doctoral and postdoctoral supervisors, Professors David Dickson, Trinity College Dublin, and David Wilson, University of Toronto, for their guidance, expertise and readiness to help with this ambitious project, from start to fi nish. The assistance and advice of Professor Mark Finnane, Griffi th University, was essential to this book’s completion. I am indebted to Professor Ann Dooley, University of Toronto, for helping me discover my scholarly path and so much more. I would also like to extend my boundless gratitude to the QPS Museum Assistant Curator Virginia Gordon and the Museum Assistant Georgia Grier. Thank you for all the tea! I am especially grateful to my family for their encouragement and support throughout these years: my mother, Natalia Talnikova, who never once doubted my abilities; and my father, Yuri Dukov, for his support; my parents-in-law, especially Kirsten L. Marion for her generosity and faith, and Laura J. Selleck, for her tireless and numerous edits; and my husband, K. Sean Jenkins for his love, patience and quiet suffering through the tumults of the writing process. The research for this book has been made possible in part through funding by the Irish Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences, the Grace Lawless Lee Fund (TCD) and the Centre for Irish-Scottish and Comparative Studies. ix CONTENTS Part 1 1780–1880 1 1 Police Organisation: Enlightened Thought, Theories and Context 3 2 Peeling a Charley: Evolution of Public Opinion 25 3 The Dublin Police in the Making 43 4 Policing a Capital City 69 Part 2 1880–1925 97 5 ‘To Thrive Is an Impossibility Now’: Policing Recession and Public Unrest 99 6 The DMP in Transition 123 xi xii CONTENTS 7 The Colonial Beat 149 8 Growth of Anonymity, Urban Crime and Policing 181 Conclusion 203 Primary Sources 207 Bibliography 219 Index 227 ABBREVIATIONS 1/c First Class 2/c Second Class BC Brisbane Courier CIB Criminal Investigation Branch CSORP Chief Secretary’s Offi ce, Registered Papers DMP Dublin Metropolitan Police GM Garda Museum IRB Irish Republican Brotherhood IT Irish Times JP Justice of the Peace MS Manuscript NAI National Archives of Ireland NLI National Library of Ireland NPA National Photographic Archive QGG Queensland Government Gazette QPF Queensland Police Force QPG Queensland Police Gazette QP Queensland Police Service QVP Queensland Votes and Proceedings RDS Royal Dublin Society RIC Royal Irish Constabulary xiii LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 3.1 Dublin Metropolitan policemen and a boy, 1863 52 Fig. 4.1 Number of persons proceeded against summarily in Dublin, 1865–75 74 Fig. 4.2 Number of persons apprehended for assaults in Dublin, 1838–75 80 Fig. 4.3 Number of persons, male and female, apprehended for drunkenness in Dublin, 1838–80 82 Fig. 4.4 Number of persons taken into custody for committing assaults on police, obstruction and rescue in Dublin, 1850–1890 86 Fig. 5.1 Dublin Metropolitan Police group photo, 1880 102 Fig. 5.2 1912 general strike, Market Square (King George Square), Brisbane, 1912 110 Fig. 5.3 Dublin Metropolitan policeman on a tram c .1913 113 Fig. 5.4 Number of persons taken into custody for committing assaults on police, Dublin, 1850–90 115 Fig. 6.1 Number of persons apprehended for shooting and stabbing in Dublin, 1860–90 130 Fig. 7.1 Register of Members of the Police Force, 1884–1890 152 Fig. 7.2 Police parade ‘under arms’ at Petrie Terrace, 1867 159 Fig. 7.3 Roma Street police barracks, Brisbane, 1885 160 Fig. 7.4 Inspectors, sub-inspectors, senior sergeants, sergeants and senior constables stationed at Brisbane during 1888 outside Roma Street barracks—originally published in The Queensland Figaro, 4 August 1888, p. 189 161 xv xvi LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 8.1 Police tug-of-war team at the Ambulance Sports, 1906 188 Fig. 8.2 Occupations of prisoners in all large district prisons in Ireland, 1865–1900 189 LIST OF TABLE Table 7.1 Proportion of nationalities of recruits, Queensland Police Force 153 xvii PART 1 1780–1880 CHAPTER 1 Police Organisation: Enlightened Thought, Theories and Context In 1840 James Henry, an Irish writer, published a brief depiction of an organised police and its impact on the order and welfare of a contempo- rary metropolis, a satirical City of Canton. To better the protection of peace and property, he wrote, Cantoners submitted an imperial legislation requesting new police, which was promptly established. Closely modelled on the metropolitan police of the capital city of Pekin, which had been organised only a short while earlier, the new force took to the streets. As the city folk bid farewell to ‘the old watch with their nightcaps and their wooden boxes, in which they used to snore away the night’, 1 they welcomed in their place ‘a most respectable and effi cient body of men, constantly on the watch both day and night … and what is still better, they kept to their duty without any trouble to [them]’. 2 The ‘new government’ police kept continuous watch over the burghers of the city, but they also carried ‘little books’ and pencils in their pockets, and ‘they wrote down everything they saw and heard, and reported it every night to the superintendant [ sic ], and the superintendant to the chief commissioner, and the chief commissioner to the imperial government at Pekin’. 3 The fi rst men to walk the beat were initially viewed in equal measure with suspicion and disdain by both the criminal element and the general public. To many the system of ‘round-the-clock’ policing was evocative of government-endorsed espionage, clandestine surveillance and tyranny. The road to acceptance was rocky and winding, further complicated by political and economic upheavals, which pocked the nineteenth century.

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