Network File Sharing Protocol in Windows
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Oracle® ZFS Storage Appliance Security Guide, Release OS8.6.X
® Oracle ZFS Storage Appliance Security Guide, Release OS8.6.x Part No: E76480-01 September 2016 Oracle ZFS Storage Appliance Security Guide, Release OS8.6.x Part No: E76480-01 Copyright © 2014, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS. Oracle programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, delivered to U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, shall be subject to license terms and license restrictions applicable to the programs. -
Serverless Network File Systems
Serverless Network File Systems Thomas E. Anderson, Michael D. Dahlin, Jeanna M. Neefe, David A. Patterson, Drew S. Roselli, and Randolph Y. Wang Computer Science Division University of California at Berkeley Abstract In this paper, we propose a new paradigm for network file system design, serverless network file systems. While traditional network file systems rely on a central server machine, a serverless system utilizes workstations cooperating as peers to provide all file system services. Any machine in the system can store, cache, or control any block of data. Our approach uses this location independence, in combination with fast local area networks, to provide better performance and scalability than traditional file systems. Further, because any machine in the system can assume the responsibilities of a failed component, our serverless design also provides high availability via redundant data storage. To demonstrate our approach, we have implemented a prototype serverless network file system called xFS. Preliminary performance measurements suggest that our architecture achieves its goal of scalability. For instance, in a 32-node xFS system with 32 active clients, each client receives nearly as much read or write throughput as it would see if it were the only active client. 1. Introduction A serverless network file system distributes storage, cache, and control over cooperating workstations. This approach contrasts with traditional file systems such as Netware [Majo94], NFS [Sand85], Andrew [Howa88], and Sprite [Nels88] where a central server machine stores all data and satisfies all client cache misses. Such a central server is both a performance and reliability bottleneck. A serverless system, on the other hand, distributes control processing and data storage to achieve scalable high performance, migrates the responsibilities of failed components to the remaining machines to provide high availability, and scales gracefully to simplify system management. -
NASD) Storage Architecture, Prototype Implementations of [Patterson88]
Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, 1998. A Cost-Effective, High-Bandwidth Storage Architecture Garth A. Gibson*, David F. Nagle†, Khalil Amiri†, Jeff Butler†, Fay W. Chang*, Howard Gobioff*, Charles Hardin†, Erik Riedel†, David Rochberg*, Jim Zelenka* School of Computer Science* Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering† Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 [email protected] ABSTRACT width, that is, linearly increasing application bandwidth with increasing numbers of storage devices and client processors, This paper describes the Network-Attached Secure Disk the data must be striped over many disks and network links (NASD) storage architecture, prototype implementations of [Patterson88]. With 1998 technology, most office, engineer- NASD drives, array management for our architecture, and ing, and data processing shops have sufficient numbers of three filesystems built on our prototype. NASD provides scal- disks and scalable switched networking, but they access stor- able storage bandwidth without the cost of servers used age through storage controller and distributed fileserver primarily for transferring data from peripheral networks bottlenecks. These bottlenecks arise because a single (e.g. SCSI) to client networks (e.g. ethernet). Increasing “server” computer receives data from the storage (periph- eral) network and forwards it to the client (local area) dataset sizes, new attachment technologies, the convergence network while adding -
File Manager Manual
FileManager Operations Guide for Unisys MCP Systems Release 9.069W November 2017 Copyright This document is protected by Federal Copyright Law. It may not be reproduced, transcribed, copied, or duplicated by any means to or from any media, magnetic or otherwise without the express written permission of DYNAMIC SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL, INC. It is believed that the information contained in this manual is accurate and reliable, and much care has been taken in its preparation. However, no responsibility, financial or otherwise, can be accepted for any consequence arising out of the use of this material. THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES WHICH EXTEND BEYOND THE PROGRAM SPECIFICATION. Correspondence regarding this document should be addressed to: Dynamic Solutions International, Inc. Product Development Group 373 Inverness Parkway Suite 110, Englewood, Colorado 80112 (800)641-5215 or (303)754-2000 Technical Support Hot-Line (800)332-9020 E-Mail: [email protected] ii November 2017 Contents ................................................................................................................................ OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................... 1 FILEMANAGER CONSIDERATIONS................................................................... 3 FileManager File Tracking ................................................................................................ 3 File Recovery .................................................................................................................... -
SYSTEM V RELEASE 4 Migration Guide
- ATlaT UN/~ SYSTEM V RELEASE 4 Migration Guide UNIX Software Operation Copyright 1990,1989,1988,1987,1986,1985,1984,1983 AT&T All Rights Reserved Printed In USA Published by Prentice-Hall, Inc. A Division of Simon & Schuster Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632 No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means-graphic, electronic, electrical, mechanical, or chemical, including photocopying, recording in any medium, tap ing, by any computer or information storage and retrieval systems, etc., without prior permissions in writing from AT&T. IMPORTANT NOTE TO USERS While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of all information in this document, AT&T assumes no liability to any party for any loss or damage caused by errors or omissions or by state ments of any kind in this document, its updates, supplements, or special editions, whether such er rors are omissions or statements resulting from negligence, accident, or any other cause. AT&T furth er assumes no liability arising out of the application or use of any product or system described herein; nor any liability for incidental or consequential damages arising from the use of this docu ment. AT&T disclaims all warranties regarding the information contained herein, whether expressed, implied or statutory, including implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. AT&T makes no representation that the interconnection of products in the manner described herein will not infringe on existing or future patent rights, nor do the descriptions contained herein imply the granting or license to make, use or sell equipment constructed in accordance with this description. -
Softnas Deployment Guide for High- Performance SQL Storage
SoftNAS Deployment Guide for High- Performance SQL Storage Introduction SoftNAS cloud NAS systems are based on an innovative, memory-centric storage architecture that delivers unparalleled NAS performance, efficiency, and value. They incorporate a hybrid disk storage technology that tailors the usage of data disks, log solid- state cache drives (SSDs), and read cache SSDs to the data share's specific needs. Additional features include variable storage record size, data compression, and multiple connectivity options. As a Cloud NAS solution, SoftNAS cloud NAS systems provide an excellent base for Microsoft Windows Server deployments by providing iSCSI or Fibre Channel block storage for Microsoft SQL Server, and network file system (NFS) or server message block (SMB) file storage for Microsoft Windows client access. This document covers the best practices to follow when deploying Microsoft SQL Server on a SoftNAS cloud NAS system. The intended audience is storage administrators and Microsoft SQL Server database administrators. Maintaining High Availability As with any business-critical application, high availability is a crucial design criterion to be considered when deploying a Microsoft SQL Server installation. Microsoft SQL Server 2016 can be installed on local and/or shared file systems, and SoftNAS cloud NAS systems can satisfy both of these options. Local file systems (from the Microsoft Windows Server perspective) are hosted as block volumes—iSCSI and/or Fibre-Channel-connected LUNs and file systems as SMB and/or NFS volumes. High availability starts with the network connectivity supporting the storage and server interconnectivity. Any design for the storage infrastructure should avoid single points of failure. Because many white papers and publications cover storage-area networking and network-attached storage resilience, those topics are not covered in detail in this paper. -
Comptia A+ Acronym List Core 1 (220-1001) and Core 2 (220-1002)
CompTIA A+ Acronym List Core 1 (220-1001) and Core 2 (220-1002) AC: Alternating Current ACL: Access Control List ACPI: Advanced Configuration Power Interface ADF: Automatic Document Feeder ADSL: Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line AES: Advanced Encryption Standard AHCI: Advanced Host Controller Interface AP: Access Point APIPA: Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing APM: Advanced Power Management ARP: Address Resolution Protocol ASR: Automated System Recovery ATA: Advanced Technology Attachment ATAPI: Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATX: Advanced Technology Extended AUP: Acceptable Use Policy A/V: Audio Video BD-R: Blu-ray Disc Recordable BIOS: Basic Input/Output System BD-RE: Blu-ray Disc Rewritable BNC: Bayonet-Neill-Concelman BSOD: Blue Screen of Death 1 BYOD: Bring Your Own Device CAD: Computer-Aided Design CAPTCHA: Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart CD: Compact Disc CD-ROM: Compact Disc-Read-Only Memory CD-RW: Compact Disc-Rewritable CDFS: Compact Disc File System CERT: Computer Emergency Response Team CFS: Central File System, Common File System, or Command File System CGA: Computer Graphics and Applications CIDR: Classless Inter-Domain Routing CIFS: Common Internet File System CMOS: Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor CNR: Communications and Networking Riser COMx: Communication port (x = port number) CPU: Central Processing Unit CRT: Cathode-Ray Tube DaaS: Data as a Service DAC: Discretionary Access Control DB-25: Serial Communications -
File Permissions Do Not Restrict Root
Filesystem Security 1 General Principles • Files and folders are managed • A file handle provides an by the operating system opaque identifier for a • Applications, including shells, file/folder access files through an API • File operations • Access control entry (ACE) – Open file: returns file handle – Allow/deny a certain type of – Read/write/execute file access to a file/folder by – Close file: invalidates file user/group handle • Access control list (ACL) • Hierarchical file organization – Collection of ACEs for a – Tree (Windows) file/folder – DAG (Linux) 2 Discretionary Access Control (DAC) • Users can protect what they own – The owner may grant access to others – The owner may define the type of access (read/write/execute) given to others • DAC is the standard model used in operating systems • Mandatory Access Control (MAC) – Alternative model not covered in this lecture – Multiple levels of security for users and documents – Read down and write up principles 3 Closed vs. Open Policy Closed policy Open Policy – Also called “default secure” • Deny Tom read access to “foo” • Give Tom read access to “foo” • Deny Bob r/w access to “bar” • Give Bob r/w access to “bar • Tom: I would like to read “foo” • Tom: I would like to read “foo” – Access denied – Access allowed • Tom: I would like to read “bar” • Tom: I would like to read “bar” – Access allowed – Access denied 4 Closed Policy with Negative Authorizations and Deny Priority • Give Tom r/w access to “bar” • Deny Tom write access to “bar” • Tom: I would like to read “bar” – Access -
Data File Manager
Data File Manager Welcome to Data File Manager! Thank you for using the data file manager. Highlights of the data file manager are as follows: Intuitive operability Buttons on the tool menu, drag & drop, and context menu with a right click are supported to use each function. Tree view for data in SD memory card Files and folders in SD memory card are shown in a tree structure and target files can easily be found. Operations for files and folders Files and folders can be added, renamed or deleted. PLC maintenance Viewing the PLC status, such as Run/Stop state or error status, downloading/uploading user programs, or upgrading the system software of the PLC are supported. MICRO/I maintenance Viewing the target information, such as system software version or external memory device information, or downloading/uploading project is supported. Notes - Data File Manager There are the following notes when you use Data File Manager: Supported hardware Data File Manager supports the following hardware: FC4A series MICROSmart FC5A series MICROSmart Pentra FC6A series MICROSmart FT1A series SmartAXIS expect FT1A Touch HG3G/4G series MICRO/I HG2G-5F series MICRO/I HG2G-5T series MICRO/I HG1G series MICRO/I SD card access (SmartAXIS Pro & Lite) SD card inserted on SmartAXIS series can be accessed while the PLC is stopped only. Downloading or uploading the user program (PLC) You can download or upload the user programs using ZLD files, which can be created or read with WindLDR. Downloading or uploading the project (MICRO/I) You can download or upload the project using ZNV files, which can be created or read with WindO/I-NV4. -
A Survey of Distributed File Systems
A Survey of Distributed File Systems M. Satyanarayanan Department of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University February 1989 Abstract Abstract This paper is a survey of the current state of the art in the design and implementation of distributed file systems. It consists of four major parts: an overview of background material, case studies of a number of contemporary file systems, identification of key design techniques, and an examination of current research issues. The systems surveyed are Sun NFS, Apollo Domain, Andrew, IBM AIX DS, AT&T RFS, and Sprite. The coverage of background material includes a taxonomy of file system issues, a brief history of distributed file systems, and a summary of empirical research on file properties. A comprehensive bibliography forms an important of the paper. Copyright (C) 1988,1989 M. Satyanarayanan The author was supported in the writing of this paper by the National Science Foundation (Contract No. CCR-8657907), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Order No. 4976, Contract F33615-84-K-1520) and the IBM Corporation (Faculty Development Award). The views and conclusions in this document are those of the author and do not represent the official policies of the funding agencies or Carnegie Mellon University. 1 1. Introduction The sharing of data in distributed systems is already common and will become pervasive as these systems grow in scale and importance. Each user in a distributed system is potentially a creator as well as a consumer of data. A user may wish to make his actions contingent upon information from a remote site, or may wish to update remote information. -
Virtfs—A Virtualization Aware File System Pass-Through
VirtFS—A virtualization aware File System pass-through Venkateswararao Jujjuri Eric Van Hensbergen Anthony Liguori IBM Linux Technology Center IBM Research Austin IBM Linux Technology Center [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Badari Pulavarty IBM Linux Technology Center [email protected] Abstract operations into block device operations and then again into host file system operations. This paper describes the design and implementation of In addition to performance improvements over a tradi- a paravirtualized file system interface for Linux in the tional virtual block device, exposing guest file system KVM environment. Today’s solution of sharing host activity to the hypervisor provides greater insight to the files on the guest through generic network file systems hypervisor about the workload the guest is running. This like NFS and CIFS suffer from major performance and allows the hypervisor to make more intelligent decisions feature deficiencies as these protocols are not designed with respect to I/O caching and creates new opportuni- or optimized for virtualization. To address the needs of ties for hypervisor-based services like de-duplification. the virtualization paradigm, in this paper we are intro- ducing a new paravirtualized file system called VirtFS. In Section 2 of this paper, we explore more details about This new file system is currently under development and the motivating factors for paravirtualizing the file sys- is being built using QEMU, KVM, VirtIO technologies tem layer. In Section 3, we introduce the VirtFS design and 9P2000.L protocol. including an overview of the 9P protocol, which VirtFS is based on, along with a set of extensions introduced for greater Linux guest compatibility. -
File Systems
File Systems Profs. Bracy and Van Renesse based on slides by Prof. Sirer Storing Information • Applications could store information in the process address space • Why is this a bad idea? – Size is limited to size of virtual address space – The data is lost when the application terminates • Even when computer doesn’t crash! – Multiple process might want to access the same data File Systems • 3 criteria for long-term information storage: 1. Able to store very large amount of information 2. Information must survive the processes using it 3. Provide concurrent access to multiple processes • Solution: – Store information on disks in units called files – Files are persistent, only owner can delete it – Files are managed by the OS File Systems: How the OS manages files! File Naming • Motivation: Files abstract information stored on disk – You do not need to remember block, sector, … – We have human readable names • How does it work? – Process creates a file, and gives it a name • Other processes can access the file by that name – Naming conventions are OS dependent • Usually names as long as 255 characters is allowed • Windows names not case sensitive, UNIX family is File Extensions • Name divided into 2 parts: Name+Extension • On UNIX, extensions are not enforced by OS – Some applications might insist upon them • Think: .c, .h, .o, .s, etc. for C compiler • Windows attaches meaning to extensions – Tries to associate applications to file extensions File Access • Sequential access – read all bytes/records from the beginning – particularly convenient for magnetic tape • Random access – bytes/records read in any order – essential for database systems File Attributes • File-specific info maintained by the OS – File size, modification date, creation time, etc.