DOCSLIB.ORG

'Landscapes of Exploration' Education Pack

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Landscapes of Exploration

February 11 – 31 March 2012

Peninsula Arts Gallery

Education Pack

Cover image courtesy of British Antarctic Survey

Cover image: Launch of a radiosonde meteorological balloon by a scientist/meteorologist at Halley Research Station.

Atmospheric scientists at Rothera and Halley Research Stations collect data about the atmosphere above Antarctica this is done by launching radiosonde meteorological balloons which have small sensors and a transmitter attached to them. The balloons are filled with helium and so rise high into the Antarctic atmosphere sampling the air and transmitting the data back to the station far below. A radiosonde meteorological balloon holds an impressive 2,000 litres of helium, giving it enough lift to climb for up to two hours. Helium is lighter than air and so causes the balloon to rise rapidly through the atmosphere, while the instruments beneath it sample all the required data and transmit the information back to the surface.

- Permissions for information on radiosonde meteorological balloons kindly provided by British Antarctic Survey. For a full activity sheet on how scientists collect data from the air in Antarctica please visit the Discovering Antarctica website www.discoveringantarctica.org.uk and select resources

www.discoveringantarctica.org.uk has been developed jointly by the Royal Geographical Society, with IBG0 and the British Antarctic Survey, with funding from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.

The Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) supports geography in universities and schools, through expeditions and fieldwork and with the public and policy makers. Full details about

the Society’s work, and how you can become a member, is available on www.rgs.org

All activities in this handbook that are from www.discoveringantarctica.org.uk will be clearly identified.

Supporting Partners

www.ukaht.org

How to use this pack

The Landscapes of Exploration education pack has been designed by Peninsula Arts, Plymouth University to offer a rich resource of information and activities which complement the Peninsula Arts Landscapes of Exploration exhibition showing in the Peninsula Arts Gallery during February 11 – 31 March 2012.

Teachers are invited to use the resources within this pack and the information on the exhibition to enhance their pupils’ understanding of contemporary art and to provide context by introducing a geographical, historical and biological perspective to Antarctica and the legacy of human interaction within its history.

Where this education pack is constructed by a collection of resources and images provided by an external facility we aim to give full acknowledgement to this contribution. When viewing this document online users are able to access the original source/image by clicking on the mouse icon found in the top right hand corner of the page. In some instances these activities have an online interactive format for educational use in the classroom.

British Antarctic Survey and Discovering Antarctica

British Antarctic Survey www.antarctica.ac.uk and its partner website

www.discoveringantarctica.org.uk British Antarctic Survey: Antarctic Fact File Being There Writing Home

Antarctica’s Food Web Who’s Eating Who? Who’s looking at you?

Think Deeper The Race to the Pole The biggest seasonal change on Earth! What time is it?

SCOTT100 PLYMOUTH

Plymouth City Council: www.plymouth.gov.uk/scott100 The Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration Expedition Crew

Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery

From Plymouth to Pole: Scott, Science and the Men who sailed South National Scott and Polar Party Crew Memorial

Living Coasts: www.livingcoasts.org.uk

Penguins in the Antarctic Penguins: What do you know?

Useful Keys

Whenever you see the SCOTT 100 Exhibition: Plymouth City Museum and Art

Gallery penguin logo this means you can find artefacts or more information related to the activity by visiting the Museum's From Plymouth to Pole exhibition. This logo also indicates when Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery has provided information and/or activity ideas for this pack.

Look for the scissors box when something is useful to stick in a workbook or just useful to keep.

Look for the mouse box in the top right hand corner of activity pages. If you are viewing this pack online you can click this symbol and it will take you to the original activity or an interactive version for use at home or in the classroom.

When you see a film reel this means that to accompany the activity or information there are supporting videos available online for you to watch in the classroom.

Note: Peninsula Arts is not responsible for the content of external websites

Navigation

Introduction

SUPPORTING PARTNERS..................................................................................................................... 2 HOW TO USE THIS PACK ..................................................................................................................... 3 USEFUL KEYS...................................................................................................................................4 NAVIGATION...................................................................................................................................5 WELCOME......................................................................................................................................7 BOOKING YOUR SCHOOL VISIT TO PENINSULA ARTS .................................................................................. 8 WORKING TOGETHER........................................................................................................................ 9 EVEN MORE TO SEE AND DO................................................................................................................9 FROM PLYMOUTH TO POLE: ............................................................................................................. 10 SCOTT, SCIENCE AND THE MEN WHO SAILED SOUTH ............................................................................... 10 PLYMOUTH CITY MUSEUM AND ART GALLERY ...................................................................................... 11 SCHOOL GROUP VISITS.................................................................................................................... 11

Educational Resources

THEMES.........................................................................................................................................0 ANTARCTICA: THE FROZEN CONTINENT .................................................................................................1 ANTARCTICA: THE FROZEN CONTINENT .................................................................................................2 BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY (BAS) ......................................................................................................3 BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY: ANTARCTIC FACT FILE.................................................................................. 4 BEING THERE ..................................................................................................................................5 BEING THERE: WORKSHEET ................................................................................................................6 WRITING HOME.............................................................................................................................. 7 THE BIGGEST SEASONAL CHANGE ON EARTH!........................................................................................... 8 ACTIVITY: SIZING UP ANTARCTICA ........................................................................................................9 ACTIVITY: SIZING UP ANTARCTICA ...................................................................................................... 10 WHAT TIME IS IT? .......................................................................................................................... 11 ANTARCTICA - STILL MOVING............................................................................................................ 12 NATIONAL SCOTT AND POLAR PARTY MEMORIAL .................................................................................. 13 MOUNT WISE PARK ....................................................................................................................... 13 NATIONAL SCOTT AND POLAR PARTY MEMORIAL .................................................................................. 14 MOUNT WISE PARK ....................................................................................................................... 14 ACTIVITY: NATIONAL SCOTT AND POLAR PARTY MEMORIAL ..................................................................... 16 ON SITE ....................................................................................................................................... 16 IN THE CLASSROOM ........................................................................................................................ 16 THE LEGACY OF ENDEAVOUR............................................................................................................. 17 THE HEROIC AGE OF ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION ..................................................................................... 18 EXPEDITION CREW.......................................................................................................................... 19 THE RACE TO THE POLE.................................................................................................................... 22 ACTIVITY: THE RACE TO THE POLE ...................................................................................................... 23 CREATIVE INSPIRATION.................................................................................................................... 27 CREATIVE INSPIRATION.................................................................................................................... 28 MEET THE ARTISTS ......................................................................................................................... 29 DAVID WHEELER............................................................................................................................ 29 LAYLA CURTIS................................................................................................................................ 29 MEET THE ARTISTS ......................................................................................................................... 30 PHILIP HUGHES.............................................................................................................................. 30 JOHN KELLY .................................................................................................................................. 30 MAKING ARTWORKS IN A COLD CLIMATE............................................................................................. 31 ANNE BRODIE ............................................................................................................................... 31 MAKING ARTWORKS IN A COLD CLIMATE............................................................................................. 32 MAKING ARTWORKS IN A COLD CLIMATE............................................................................................. 33 MAKING ARTWORKS: ACTIVITY ......................................................................................................... 34 RECORDING THE ARTISTIC JOURNEY.................................................................................................... 35 RECORDING THE ARTISTIC JOURNEY.................................................................................................... 36 ACTIVITY: PROJECT FREEZE ............................................................................................................... 37 ACTIVITY: PROJECT FREEZE ............................................................................................................... 38 ACTIVITY: PROJECT FREEZE ............................................................................................................... 39 CREATIVE INSPIRATION PENGUINS IN THE ANTARCTIC ............................................................................. 39 PENGUINS OF THE ANTARCTIC ........................................................................................................... 41 PENGUIN FACT FILE ........................................................................................................................ 42 ACTIVITY: WHAT DO YOU KNOW? ...................................................................................................... 43 ANTARCTICA’S FOOD WEB ................................................................................................................ 44 ACTIVITY: WHO’S EATING WHO? ...................................................................................................... 45 ACTIVITY: WHO’S EATING WHO? ...................................................................................................... 46 WORKSHEET: WHO’S EATING WHO?.................................................................................................. 47 ANSWERS: WHO’S EATING WHO? ..................................................................................................... 48 ACTIVITY: WHO’S LOOKING AT YOU? .................................................................................................. 49 ANSWERS: WHO’S LOOKING AT YOU? ................................................................................................. 50 ADAPTING FOR SURVIVAL................................................................................................................. 51 THINK DEEPER............................................................................................................................... 52 PHOTOGRAPHIC ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................ 53 PHOTOGRAPHIC ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................ 54 SPECIAL THANKS ............................................................................................................................ 54

Recommended publications
  • Navigation on Shackleton's Voyage to Antarctica

    Navigation on Shackleton's Voyage to Antarctica

    Records of the Canterbury Museum, 2019 Vol. 33: 5–22 © Canterbury Museum 2019 5 Navigation on Shackleton’s voyage to Antarctica Lars Bergman1 and Robin G Stuart2 1Saltsjöbaden, Sweden 2Valhalla, New York, USA Email: [email protected] On 19 January 1915, the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, under the leadership of Sir Ernest Shackleton, became trapped in their vessel Endurance in the ice pack of the Weddell Sea. The subsequent ordeal and efforts that lead to the successful rescue of all expedition members are the stuff of legend and have been extensively discussed elsewhere. Prior to that time, however, the voyage had proceeded relatively uneventfully and was dutifully recorded in Captain Frank Worsley’s log and work book. This provides a window into the navigational methods used in the day-to- day running of the ship by a master mariner under normal circumstances in the early twentieth century. The conclusions that can be gleaned from a careful inspection of the log book over this period are described here. Keywords: celestial navigation, dead reckoning, double altitudes, Ernest Shackleton, Frank Worsley, Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, Mercator sailing, time sight Introduction On 8 August 1914, the Imperial Trans-Antarctic passage in the 22½ foot (6.9 m) James Caird to Expedition under the leadership of Sir Ernest seek rescue from South Georgia. It is ultimately Shackleton set sail aboard their vessel the steam a tribute to Shackleton’s leadership and Worsley’s yacht (S.Y.) Endurance from Plymouth, England, navigational skills that all survived their ordeal. with the goal of traversing the Antarctic Captain Frank Worsley’s original log books continent from the Weddell to Ross Seas.
  • 2. Disc Resources

    2. Disc Resources

    An early map of the world Resource D1 A map of the world drawn in 1570 shows ‘Terra Australis Nondum Cognita’ (the unknown south land). National Library of Australia Expeditions to Antarctica 1770 –1830 and 1910 –1913 Resource D2 Voyages to Antarctica 1770–1830 1772–75 1819–20 1820–21 Cook (Britain) Bransfield (Britain) Palmer (United States) ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ Resolution and Adventure Williams Hero 1819 1819–21 1820–21 Smith (Britain) ▼ Bellingshausen (Russia) Davis (United States) ▼ ▼ ▼ Williams Vostok and Mirnyi Cecilia 1822–24 Weddell (Britain) ▼ Jane and Beaufoy 1830–32 Biscoe (Britain) ★ ▼ Tula and Lively South Pole expeditions 1910–13 1910–12 1910–13 Amundsen (Norway) Scott (Britain) sledge ▼ ▼ ship ▼ Source: Both maps American Geographical Society Source: Major voyages to Antarctica during the 19th century Resource D3 Voyage leader Date Nationality Ships Most southerly Achievements latitude reached Bellingshausen 1819–21 Russian Vostok and Mirnyi 69˚53’S Circumnavigated Antarctica. Discovered Peter Iøy and Alexander Island. Charted the coast round South Georgia, the South Shetland Islands and the South Sandwich Islands. Made the earliest sighting of the Antarctic continent. Dumont d’Urville 1837–40 French Astrolabe and Zeelée 66°S Discovered Terre Adélie in 1840. The expedition made extensive natural history collections. Wilkes 1838–42 United States Vincennes and Followed the edge of the East Antarctic pack ice for 2400 km, 6 other vessels confirming the existence of the Antarctic continent. Ross 1839–43 British Erebus and Terror 78°17’S Discovered the Transantarctic Mountains, Ross Ice Shelf, Ross Island and the volcanoes Erebus and Terror. The expedition made comprehensive magnetic measurements and natural history collections.
  • UK Funding and National Facilities (Research Vessel Facilities and Equipment)

    UK Funding and National Facilities (Research Vessel Facilities and Equipment)

    UK Funding and National Facilities (Research Vessel Facilities and Equipment) Lisa McNeill and the UK community National Oceanography Centre Southampton University of Southampton Research Council Funding • Natural Environment Research Council primary funding source – Part of Research Councils UK (RCUK) – Potential to apply to other RC programmes e.g., EPSRC (e.g. for engineering related technology development) • A: Responsive mode (blue skies). Includes Urgency Funds • B: Research Themes (part of current focus – increasingly strategic, applied and impact focused). Relevant themes: – Forecasting and mitigation of natural hazards (includes “Building resilience in earthquake-prone and volcanic regions”) – Earth System Science – Sustainable Use of Natural Resources • Increasing cross Research Council themes and programmes, e.g.: – Living With Environmental Change • Impact of current economy: – Reduction of overall NERC budget in real terms – Focused on significant capital budget reduction – “Protecting front line science” through various measures including efficiency savings – External funds to support major capital investments, e.g., RRS Discovery replacement – Maintaining share of the budget for responsive mode research funding, although implementing “demand management” IODP-UKIODP • UKIODP also funded through NERC, with associated research funding • This includes funds for site survey, post-cruise and other related research International Collaboration • Many examples of co-funded research • Usage of barter/joint agreements for research
  • The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1955-1958

    The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1955-1958

    THE COMMONWEALTH TRANS-ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION 1955-1958 HOW THE CROSSING OF ANTARCTICA MOVED NEW ZEALAND TO RECOGNISE ITS ANTARCTIC HERITAGE AND TAKE AN EQUAL PLACE AMONG ANTARCTIC NATIONS A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree PhD - Doctor of Philosophy (Antarctic Studies – History) University of Canterbury Gateway Antarctica Stephen Walter Hicks 2015 Statement of Authority & Originality I certify that the work in this thesis has not been previously submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text. I also certify that the thesis has been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research and the preparation of the thesis itself has been acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. Elements of material covered in Chapter 4 and 5 have been published in: Electronic version: Stephen Hicks, Bryan Storey, Philippa Mein-Smith, ‘Against All Odds: the birth of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955-1958’, Polar Record, Volume00,(0), pp.1-12, (2011), Cambridge University Press, 2011. Print version: Stephen Hicks, Bryan Storey, Philippa Mein-Smith, ‘Against All Odds: the birth of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955-1958’, Polar Record, Volume 49, Issue 1, pp. 50-61, Cambridge University Press, 2013 Signature of Candidate ________________________________ Table of Contents Foreword ..................................................................................................................................
  • The South Polar Race Medal

    The South Polar Race Medal

    The South Polar Race Medal Created by Danuta Solowiej The way to the South Pole / Sydpolen. Roald Amundsen’s track is in Red and Captain Scott’s track is in Green. The South Polar Race Medal Roald Amundsen and his team reaching the Sydpolen on 14 Desember 1911. (Obverse) Captain R. F. Scott, RN and his team reaching the South Pole on 17 January 1912. (Reverse) Created by Danuta Solowiej Published by Sim Comfort Associates 29 March 2012 Background The 100th anniversary of man’s first attainment of the South Pole recalls a story of two iron-willed explorers committed to their final race for the ultimate prize, which resulted in both triumph and tragedy. In July 1895, the International Geographical Congress met in Lon- don and opened Antarctica’s portal by deciding that the southern- most continent would become the primary focus of new explora- tion. Indeed, Antarctica is the only such land mass in our world where man has ventured and not found man. Up until that time, no one had explored the hinterland of the frozen continent, and even the vast majority of its coastline was still unknown. The meet- ing touched off a flurry of activity, and soon thereafter national expeditions and private ventures started organizing: the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration had begun, and the attainment of the South Pole became the pinnacle of that age. Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (1872-1928) nurtured at an early age a strong desire to be an explorer in his snowy Norwegian surroundings, and later sailed on an Arctic sealing voyage.
  • Scott's Discovery Expedition

    Scott's Discovery Expedition

    New Light on the British National Antarctic Expedition (Scott’s Discovery Expedition) 1901-1904. Andrew Atkin Graduate Certificate in Antarctic Studies (GCAS X), 2007/2008 CONTENTS 1 Preamble 1.1 The Canterbury connection……………...………………….…………4 1.2 Primary sources of note………………………………………..………4 1.3 Intent of this paper…………………………………………………...…5 2 Bernacchi’s road to Discovery 2.1 Maria Island to Melbourne………………………………….…….……6 2.2 “.…that unmitigated fraud ‘Borky’ ……………………….……..….….7 2.3 Legacies of the Southern Cross…………………………….…….…..8 2.4 Fellowship and Authorship………………………………...…..………9 2.5 Appointment to NAE………………………………………….……….10 2.6 From Potsdam to Christchurch…………………………….………...11 2.7 Return to Cape Adare……………………………………….….…….12 2.8 Arrival in Winter Quarters-establishing magnetic observatory…...13 2.9 The importance of status………………………….……………….…14 3 Deeds of “Derring Doe” 3.1 Objectives-conflicting agendas…………………….……………..….15 3.2 Chivalrous deeds…………………………………….……………..…16 3.3 Scientists as Heroes……………………………….…….……………19 3.4 Confused roles……………………………….……..………….…...…21 3.5 Fame or obscurity? ……………………………………..…...….……22 2 4 “Scarcely and Exhibition of Control” 4.1 Experiments……………………………………………………………27 4.2 “The Only Intelligent Transport” …………………………………….28 4.3 “… a blasphemous frame of mind”……………………………….…32 4.4 “… far from a picnic” …………………………………………………34 4.5 “Usual retine Work diggin out Boats”………...………………..……37 4.6 Equipment…………………………………………………….……….38 4.8 Reflections on management…………………………………….…..39 5 “Walking to Christchurch” 5.1 Naval routines………………………………………………………….43
  • Halley Research Station

    Halley Research Station

    British Antarctic Survey Halley Research Station Halley V The Station alley V took six years from being conceived at the The Laws Building comprises three sections, a Hdrawing board to its commissioning in February services/technical support area, living area and sleeping 1992. It is novel in that the three main buildings sit 4 m quarters. Diesel engines provide electrical power and above the snow on independent jackable steel platforms. their waste heat warms the buildings and melts snow to The largest is the Laws Building (accommodation) which provide water.The living area includes a darkroom, is 59 m long, 14.6 m wide and 3 m high.The smaller lounge, library, dining room, kitchen, computer room, base Simpson Building (meteorology and ozone studies) and commander’s office, communications room, recreation Piggott Building (upper atmospheric sciences) house room, storage areas, washrooms, a hospital and a surgery. specialist laboratories.The height of the platforms above There are 20 two-person bedrooms.The winter station the ice shelf affects the local wind turbulence and the complement ranges from 14 to 18 and includes scientists, build-up of drifting snow. Each summer the platforms are support staff and a doctor. Summer visitors are raised an average of 1m to compensate for the accommodated in the Drewry Building,a self-contained accumulated snowfall. In addition, the supporting legs can building on skis that is towed to a fresh site each year to be realigned to correct for distortion caused by avoid burial, and also serves as an emergency refuge.The differential movement in the flow of the ice shelf beneath.
  • After Editing

    After Editing

    Shackleton Dates AUGUST 8th 1914 The team leave the UK on the ship, Endurance. DEC 5th 1914 They arrive at the edge of the Antarctic pack ice, in the Weddell Sea. JAN 18th 1915 Endurance becomes frozen in the pack ice. OCT 27TH 1915 Endurance is crushed in the ice after drifting for 9 months. Ship is abandoned and crew start to live on the pack ice. NOV 1915 Endurance sinks; men start to set up a camp on the ice. DEC 1915 The pack ice drifts slowly north; Patience camp is set up. MARCH 23rd 2016 They see land for the first time – 139 days have passed; the land can’t be reached though. APRIL 9th 2016 The pack ice starts to crack so the crew take to the lifeboats. APRIL 15th 1916 The 3 crews arrive on ELEPHANT ISLAND where they set up camp. APRIL 24th 1916 5 members of the team, including Shackleton, leave in the lifeboat James Caird, on an 800 mile journey to South Georgia, for help. MAY 10TH 1916 The James Caird crew arrive in the south of South Georgia. MAY 19TH -20TH Shackleton, Crean and Worsley walk across South Georgis to the whaling station at Stromness. MAY 23RD 1916 All the men on Elephant Island are safe; Shackleton starts on his first attempt at a rescue from South Georgia but ice prevents him. AUGUST 25th Shackleton leaves on his 4th attempt, on the Chilian tug boat Yelcho; he arrives on Elephant Island on August 30th and rescues all his crew. MAY 1917 All return to England.
  • Representations of Antarctic Exploration by Lesser Known Heroic Era Photographers

    Representations of Antarctic Exploration by Lesser Known Heroic Era Photographers

    Filtering ‘ways of seeing’ through their lenses: representations of Antarctic exploration by lesser known Heroic Era photographers. Patricia Margaret Millar B.A. (1972), B.Ed. (Hons) (1999), Ph.D. (Ed.) (2005), B.Ant.Stud. (Hons) (2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science – Social Sciences. University of Tasmania 2013 This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for a degree or diploma by the University or any other institution, except by way of background information and duly acknowledged in the thesis, and to the best of my knowledge and belief no material previously published or written by another person except where due acknowledgement is made in the text of the thesis. ………………………………….. ………………….. Patricia Margaret Millar Date This thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. ………………………………….. ………………….. Patricia Margaret Millar Date ii Abstract Photographers made a major contribution to the recording of the Heroic Era of Antarctic exploration. By far the best known photographers were the professionals, Herbert Ponting and Frank Hurley, hired to photograph British and Australasian expeditions. But a great number of photographs were also taken on Belgian, German, Swedish, French, Norwegian and Japanese expeditions. These were taken by amateurs, sometimes designated official photographers, often scientists recording their research. Apart from a few Pole-reaching images from the Norwegian expedition, these lesser known expedition photographers and their work seldom feature in the scholarly literature on the Heroic Era, but they, too, have their importance. They played a vital role in the growing understanding and advancement of Antarctic science; they provided visual evidence of their nation’s determination to penetrate the polar unknown; and they played a formative role in public perceptions of Antarctic geopolitics.
  • Antarctica: Music, Sounds and Cultural Connections

    Antarctica: Music, Sounds and Cultural Connections

    Antarctica Music, sounds and cultural connections Antarctica Music, sounds and cultural connections Edited by Bernadette Hince, Rupert Summerson and Arnan Wiesel Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Antarctica - music, sounds and cultural connections / edited by Bernadette Hince, Rupert Summerson, Arnan Wiesel. ISBN: 9781925022285 (paperback) 9781925022292 (ebook) Subjects: Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911-1914)--Centennial celebrations, etc. Music festivals--Australian Capital Territory--Canberra. Antarctica--Discovery and exploration--Australian--Congresses. Antarctica--Songs and music--Congresses. Other Creators/Contributors: Hince, B. (Bernadette), editor. Summerson, Rupert, editor. Wiesel, Arnan, editor. Australian National University School of Music. Antarctica - music, sounds and cultural connections (2011 : Australian National University). Dewey Number: 780.789471 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press Cover photo: Moonrise over Fram Bank, Antarctica. Photographer: Steve Nicol © Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2015 ANU Press Contents Preface: Music and Antarctica . ix Arnan Wiesel Introduction: Listening to Antarctica . 1 Tom Griffiths Mawson’s musings and Morse code: Antarctic silence at the end of the ‘Heroic Era’, and how it was lost . 15 Mark Pharaoh Thulia: a Tale of the Antarctic (1843): The earliest Antarctic poem and its musical setting . 23 Elizabeth Truswell Nankyoku no kyoku: The cultural life of the Shirase Antarctic Expedition 1910–12 .
  • The Centenary of the Scott Expedition to Antarctica and of the United Kingdom’S Enduring Scientific Legacy and Ongoing Presence There”

    The Centenary of the Scott Expedition to Antarctica and of the United Kingdom’S Enduring Scientific Legacy and Ongoing Presence There”

    Debate on 18 October: Scott Expedition to Antarctica and Scientific Legacy This Library Note provides background reading for the debate to be held on Thursday, 18 October: “the centenary of the Scott Expedition to Antarctica and of the United Kingdom’s enduring scientific legacy and ongoing presence there” The Note provides information on Antarctica’s geography and environment; provides a history of its exploration; outlines the international agreements that govern the territory; and summarises international scientific cooperation and the UK’s continuing role and presence. Ian Cruse 15 October 2012 LLN 2012/034 House of Lords Library Notes are compiled for the benefit of Members of the House of Lords and their personal staff, to provide impartial, politically balanced briefing on subjects likely to be of interest to Members of the Lords. Authors are available to discuss the contents of the Notes with the Members and their staff but cannot advise members of the general public. Any comments on Library Notes should be sent to the Head of Research Services, House of Lords Library, London SW1A 0PW or emailed to [email protected]. Table of Contents 1.1 Geophysics of Antarctica ....................................................................................... 1 1.2 Environmental Concerns about the Antarctic ......................................................... 2 2.1 Britain’s Early Interest in the Antarctic .................................................................... 4 2.2 Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration .......................................................................
  • On 8 August 1914, Ernest Shackleton and His Brave Crew Set out to Cross the Vast South Polar Continent, Antarctica

    On 8 August 1914, Ernest Shackleton and His Brave Crew Set out to Cross the Vast South Polar Continent, Antarctica

    Born on 15 February 1874, Shackleton was the second of ten children. From a young age, Shackleton complained about teachers, but he had a keen interest in books, especially poetry – years later, on expeditions, he would read to his crew to lift their spirits. Always restless, the young Ernest left school at 16 to go to sea. After working his way up the ranks, he told his friends, “I think I can do something better, I want to make a name for myself.” Shackleton was a member of Captain Scott’s famous Discovery expedition (1901-1904), and told reporters that he had always been “strangely drawn to the mysterious south” and that unexplored parts of the world “held a strong fascination for me from my earliest memories”. Once Amundsen reached the South Pole ahead of Scott, Shackleton realised that there was only one great challenge left. He wrote: “The first crossing of the Antarctic continent, from sea to sea, via the Pole, apart from its historic value, will be a journey of great scientific importance.” On 8 August 1914, Ernest Shackleton and his brave crew set out to cross the vast south polar continent, Antarctica. Shackleton’s epic journey would be the last expedition of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration (1888-1914). His story is one fraught with unimaginable peril, adventure and, above all, endurance. 1 2 JAMES WORDIE TIMOTHY McCARTHY ALFRED CHEETHAM Expedition geologist. Able seaman. Third officer. FRANK WORSLEY ERNEST SHACKLETON FRANK WILD FRANK HURLEY DR. JAMES McILROY DR. ALEXANDER MACKLIN Ship’s captain. Expedition leader. Second-in-command.