Declare Property Class Accept Null C
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Enabling RUST for UEFI Firmware
presented by Enabling RUST for UEFI Firmware UEFI 2020 Virtual Plugfest August 20, 2020 Jiewen Yao & Vincent Zimmer, Intel Corporation www.uefi.org 1 Jiewen Yao • Jiewen Yao is a principal engineer in the Intel Architecture, Graphics, and Software Group. He has been engaged as a firmware developer for over 15 years. He is a member of the UEFI Security sub team, and the TCG PC Client sub working group. www.uefi.org 2 Vincent Zimmer • Vincent Zimmer is a senior principal engineer in the Intel Architecture, Graphics, and Software Group. He has been engaged as a firmware developer for over 25 years and leads the UEFI Security sub team. www.uefi.org 3 Agenda • EDKII Security Summary • RUST Language • Enabling RUST for EDKII • Summary / Call to Action www.uefi.org 4 EDKII Security Summary www.uefi.org 5 BIOS Memory Issue in Hack Conf www.uefi.org 6 BIOS Security Bug Top Issue Open Source Close Source Buffer Overflow/ 50% 38% Integer Overflow SMM 7% 18% Variable 8% 5% Register Lock 3% 10% www.uefi.org 7 Vulnerabilities in C/C++ Source: Trends, challenges, and strategic shifts in the software vulnerability mitigation landscape – Microsoft, Bluehat IL 2019 www.uefi.org 8 Firmware as Software • Many software issues are also firmware issues. – Buffer Overflow – Integer Overflow – Uninitialized Variable • Software mitigation can be used for firmware mitigation. – (See next page) www.uefi.org 9 3 Levels of Prevention Prevention Method EDKII Open Source Example Eliminate Reduce Attack Surface SMI Handler Profile Vulnerability Static Analysis / Dynamic -
Beyond BIOS Developing with the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
Digital Edition Digital Editions of selected Intel Press books are in addition to and complement the printed books. Click the icon to access information on other essential books for Developers and IT Professionals Visit our website at www.intel.com/intelpress Beyond BIOS Developing with the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface Second Edition Vincent Zimmer Michael Rothman Suresh Marisetty Copyright © 2010 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 13 978-1-934053-29-4 This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Intel Corporation may have patents or pending patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights that relate to the presented subject matter. The furnishing of documents and other materials and information does not provide any license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any such patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights. Intel may make changes to specifications, product descriptions, and plans at any time, without notice. Fictitious names of companies, products, people, characters, and/or data mentioned herein are not intended to represent any real individual, company, product, or event. Intel products are not intended for use in medical, life saving, life sustaining, critical control or safety systems, or in nuclear facility applications. Intel, the Intel logo, Celeron, Intel Centrino, Intel NetBurst, Intel Xeon, Itanium, Pentium, MMX, and VTune are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. -
Learning Functional Programming in Scala Alvin Alexander
Learning Functional Programming in Scala Alvin Alexander A logical, step by step approach to learning functional programming Copyright Learning Functional Programming in Scala Copyright 2017 Alvin J. Alexander All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without prior written permission from the author. Disclaimer: This book is presented solely for educational purposes, and it’s also a work in progress. While best efforts have been used in prepar- ing this book, the author makes no representations or warranties of any kind and assume no liabilities of any kind with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and specifically disclaim any implied war- ranties of merchantability or fitness of use for a particular purpose. The author shall not be held liable or responsible to any person or entity with respect to any loss or incidental or consequential damages caused, or al- leged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information or programs contained herein. Any use of this information is at your own risk. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. Version 0.1.1, published May 15, 2017 (The cover photo was taken on the Dalton Highway in Alaska, some- where between Fairbanks and Prudhoe Bay.) Contents 1 Changelog 1 2 Preface 3 3 Introduction (or, Why I Wrote This Book) 5 4 WhoThisBookisFor 11 5 Goals 15 6 Question Everything 23 7 Rules for Programming in this Book 33 8 One Rule for Reading this Book 39 9 What is “Functional Programming”? 41 10 What is This Lambda -
Atd Documentation Martin Jambon
atd Documentation Martin Jambon May 03, 2020 Contents 1 Tutorial 1 1.1 What is atdgen?.............................................1 1.2 What are the advantages of atdgen?...................................1 1.3 Prerequisites...............................................1 1.4 Getting started..............................................2 1.5 Inspecting and pretty-printing JSON...................................3 1.6 Inspecting biniou data..........................................4 1.7 Optional fields and default values....................................6 1.8 Smooth protocol upgrades........................................7 1.8.1 Adding or removing an optional record field..........................7 1.8.2 Adding a required record field.................................8 1.8.3 Removing a required record field................................8 1.8.4 Adding a variant case......................................8 1.8.5 Removing a variant case....................................8 1.8.6 Avoiding future problems....................................8 1.9 Data validation..............................................9 1.10 Modularity: referring to type definitions from another ATD file.................... 12 1.11 Managing JSON configuration files................................... 13 1.12 Integration with ocamldoc........................................ 17 1.13 Integration with build systems...................................... 18 1.13.1 OMake............................................. 18 1.13.2 GNU Make........................................... 19 1.13.3 -
Design Pattern Interview Questions
DDEESSIIGGNN PPAATTTTEERRNN -- IINNTTEERRVVIIEEWW QQUUEESSTTIIOONNSS http://www.tutorialspoint.com/design_pattern/design_pattern_interview_questions.htm Copyright © tutorialspoint.com Dear readers, these Design Pattern Interview Questions have been designed specially to get you acquainted with the nature of questions you may encounter during your interview for the subject of Design Pattern. As per my experience good interviewers hardly plan to ask any particular question during your interview, normally questions start with some basic concept of the subject and later they continue based on further discussion and what you answer: What are Design Patterns? Design patterns represent the best practices used by experienced object-oriented software developers. Design patterns are solutions to general problems that software developers faced during software development. These solutions were obtained by trial and error by numerous software developers over quite a substantial period of time. What is Gang of Four GOF? In 1994, four authors Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson and John Vlissides published a book titled Design Patterns - Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software which initiated the concept of Design Pattern in Software development. These authors are collectively known as Gang of Four GOF. Name types of Design Patterns? Design patterns can be classified in three categories: Creational, Structural and Behavioral patterns. Creational Patterns - These design patterns provide a way to create objects while hiding the creation logic, rather than instantiating objects directly using new opreator. This gives program more flexibility in deciding which objects need to be created for a given use case. Structural Patterns - These design patterns concern class and object composition. Concept of inheritance is used to compose interfaces and define ways to compose objects to obtain new functionalities. -
C Sharp Or Operator in If Statement
C Sharp Or Operator In If Statement Ingram is disinterestedly instructed after unluxurious Ahmed project his chilopods spinally. Fergus is apart rightward after steroidal Guthry cake his multures literalistically. Russel solving titularly as unstrung Witold advertized her polk overwatches symmetrically. Perform the addition of operands. If you start to merge long condition with other ternary operator, we now need to understand the relational operators needed for the condition statements. The result will either be true or false. Print the statement inside parentheses make your message to use if you want to iterate our social networks below. Very much larger programs, or operator is used as it is greater than the operations to perform. What is the result for such an expression supposed to be? Disabling or operator in the statements in? This code will always execute! The condition can be Boolean, hopefully attracting the spirit of a passing ship. This would be a violation of the principle of least astonishment, if the division of two integer values returns a float value and if the result is assigned to an integer variable then the decimal part will be lost due to different data types. The following example demonstrates the ternary operator. Each case can contain a block of statements for execution. The syntax for overloading the true and false operators is similar to that of other unary operators. In your website to walk away for the operations like below for assigning value to undo reporting this. Visual studio compiled one operator is executed based on behalf of these analytical services and cleaner and then it only inelegant but in? Sign Up abuse Free! People like the operating system administration and exclusive or whatever chip is necessary here, we intended starts to enter your videos that touched on the original code! In programming statement condition evaluates to plot multifactorial function with your lectures, and have an idea and in c as examples. -
Precise Null Pointer Analysis Through Global Value Numbering
Precise Null Pointer Analysis Through Global Value Numbering Ankush Das1 and Akash Lal2 1 Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 2 Microsoft Research, Bangalore, India Abstract. Precise analysis of pointer information plays an important role in many static analysis tools. The precision, however, must be bal- anced against the scalability of the analysis. This paper focusses on improving the precision of standard context and flow insensitive alias analysis algorithms at a low scalability cost. In particular, we present a semantics-preserving program transformation that drastically improves the precision of existing analyses when deciding if a pointer can alias Null. Our program transformation is based on Global Value Number- ing, a scheme inspired from compiler optimization literature. It allows even a flow-insensitive analysis to make use of branch conditions such as checking if a pointer is Null and gain precision. We perform experiments on real-world code and show that the transformation improves precision (in terms of the number of dereferences proved safe) from 86.56% to 98.05%, while incurring a small overhead in the running time. Keywords: Alias Analysis, Global Value Numbering, Static Single As- signment, Null Pointer Analysis 1 Introduction Detecting and eliminating null-pointer exceptions is an important step towards developing reliable systems. Static analysis tools that look for null-pointer ex- ceptions typically employ techniques based on alias analysis to detect possible aliasing between pointers. Two pointer-valued variables are said to alias if they hold the same memory location during runtime. Statically, aliasing can be de- cided in two ways: (a) may-alias [1], where two pointers are said to may-alias if they can point to the same memory location under some possible execution, and (b) must-alias [27], where two pointers are said to must-alias if they always point to the same memory location under all possible executions. -
Five Considerations for Software Developers
FiveFive ConsiderationsConsiderations forfor SoftwareSoftware DevelopersDevelopers Kevlin Henney [email protected] Presented at Jfokus, Stockholm, 30th January 2008. Kevlin Henney [email protected] [email protected] Curbralan Ltd http://www.curbralan.com Voice: +44 117 942 2990 Fax: +44 870 052 2289 Agenda • Introduction • Consideration 1: Economy • Consideration 2: Visibility • Consideration 3: Spacing • Consideration 4: Symmetry • Consideration 5: Emergence • Outroduction 2 What general qualities in a software architecture help to promote its success? We can of course focus on fitness for purpose, cost of change, organisational acceptance, and so on, but are there broad considerations that can be kept in mind when looking at the structural and developmental side of an architecture? Those involved in software have a lot to keep in mind as they negotiate the worlds inside and outside of their code and the relationship between them. For those interested in improving the state of their art there are many (many) sources of specific recommendations they can use to sharpen their practice. This talk takes a step back from the busy, overpopulated and often overwhelming world of such recommendations to focus on five general considerations that can inform more detailed recommendations and specific decisions. Introduction StructuralSoftwareStructural engineering engineering engineering is is theis the the science science science an and dand art art art of of designingof designing designing and and and making, making, making, with with with economyeconomy and and elegance, elegance, buildings,applications, buildings, bridges, bridges, bridges, frameworks, frameworks, frameworks, and and and other other other similar similar similar structuresstructures so so that that they they can can safely safely resist resist the the forces forces to to which which they they may may be be subjected. -
CA Application Performance Management API Reference Guide
CA Application Performance Management API Reference Guide Release 9.5 This Documentation, which includes embedded help systems and electronically distributed materials, (hereinafter referred to as the “Documentation”) is for your informational purposes only and is subject to change or withdrawal by CA at any time. This Documentation may not be copied, transferred, reproduced, disclosed, modified or duplicated, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of CA. This Documentation is confidential and proprietary information of CA and may not be disclosed by you or used for any purpose other than as may be permitted in (i) a separate agreement between you and CA governing your use of the CA software to which the Documentation relates; or (ii) a separate confidentiality agreement between you and CA. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if you are a licensed user of the software product(s) addressed in the Documentation, you may print or otherwise make available a reasonable number of copies of the Documentation for internal use by you and your employees in connection with that software, provided that all CA copyright notices and legends are affixed to each reproduced copy. The right to print or otherwise make available copies of the Documentation is limited to the period during which the applicable license for such software remains in full force and effect. Should the license terminate for any reason, it is your responsibility to certify in writing to CA that all copies and partial copies of the Documentation have been returned to CA or destroyed. TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, CA PROVIDES THIS DOCUMENTATION “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NONINFRINGEMENT. -
Practical C/C++ Programming Part II
Practical C/C++ programming Part II Wei Feinstein HPC User Services Louisiana State University 7/11/18 Practical C/C++ programming II 1 Topics • Pointers in C • Use in functions • Use in arrays • Use in dynamic memory allocation • Introduction to C++ • Changes from C to C++ • C++ classes and objects • Polymorphism • Templates • Inheritance • Introduction to Standard Template Library (STL) 7/11/18 Practical C/C++ programming II 2 What is a pointer? • A pointer is essentially a variable whose value is the address of another variable. • Pointer “points” to a specific part of the memory. • Important concept in C programming language. Not recommended in C++, yet understanding of pointer is necessary in Object Oriented Programming • How to define pointers? int *i_ptr; /* pointer to an integer */ double *d_ptr; /* pointer to a double */ float *f_ptr; /* pointer to a float */ char *ch_ptr; /* pointer to a character */ int **p_ptr; /* pointer to an integer pointer */ 7/11/18 Practical C/C++ programming II 3 Pointer Operations (a) Define a pointer variable. (b) Assign the address of a variable to a pointer. & /* "address of" operator */ (c) Access the value pointed by the pointer by dereferencing * /* “dereferencing" operator */ Examples: int a = 6; int *ptr; ptr = &a; /* pointer p point to a */ *ptr = 10; /* dereference pointer p reassign a value*/ var_name var_address var_value ptr 0x22aac0 0xXXXX a 0xXXXX 6 7/11/18 Practical C/C++ programming II 4 Pointer Example int b = 17; int *p; /* initialize pointer p */ p = &b; /*pointed addr and value, -
Coverity Static Analysis
Coverity Static Analysis Quickly find and fix Overview critical security and Coverity® gives you the speed, ease of use, accuracy, industry standards compliance, and quality issues as you scalability that you need to develop high-quality, secure applications. Coverity identifies code critical software quality defects and security vulnerabilities in code as it’s written, early in the development process when it’s least costly and easiest to fix. Precise actionable remediation advice and context-specific eLearning help your developers understand how to fix their prioritized issues quickly, without having to become security experts. Coverity Benefits seamlessly integrates automated security testing into your CI/CD pipelines and supports your existing development tools and workflows. Choose where and how to do your • Get improved visibility into development: on-premises or in the cloud with the Polaris Software Integrity Platform™ security risk. Cross-product (SaaS), a highly scalable, cloud-based application security platform. Coverity supports 22 reporting provides a holistic, more languages and over 70 frameworks and templates. complete view of a project’s risk using best-in-class AppSec tools. Coverity includes Rapid Scan, a fast, lightweight static analysis engine optimized • Deployment flexibility. You for cloud-native applications and Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC). Rapid Scan runs decide which set of projects to do automatically, without additional configuration, with every Coverity scan and can also AppSec testing for: on-premises be run as part of full CI builds with conventional scan completion times. Rapid Scan can or in the cloud. also be deployed as a standalone scan engine in Code Sight™ or via the command line • Shift security testing left. -
Master's Thesis
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MASTER'S THESIS Study programme/specialisation: Computer Science Spring / Autumn semester, 20......19 Open/Confidential Author: ………………………………………… Nicolas Fløysvik (signature of author) Programme coordinator: Hein Meling Supervisor(s): Hein Meling Title of master's thesis: Using domain restricted types to improve code correctness Credits: 30 Keywords: Domain restrictions, Formal specifications, Number of pages: …………………75 symbolic execution, Rolsyn analyzer, + supplemental material/other: …………0 Stavanger,……………………….15/06/2019 date/year Title page for Master's Thesis Faculty of Science and Technology Domain Restricted Types for Improved Code Correctness Nicolas Fløysvik University of Stavanger Supervised by: Professor Hein Meling University of Stavanger June 2019 Abstract ReDi is a new static analysis tool for improving code correctness. It targets the C# language and is a .NET Roslyn live analyzer providing live analysis feedback to the developers using it. ReDi uses principles from formal specification and symbolic execution to implement methods for performing domain restriction on variables, parameters, and return values. A domain restriction is an invariant implemented as a check function, that can be applied to variables utilizing an annotation referring to the check method. ReDi can also help to prevent runtime exceptions caused by null pointers. ReDi can prevent null exceptions by integrating nullability into the domain of the variables, making it feasible for ReDi to statically keep track of null, and de- tecting variables that may be null when used. ReDi shows promising results with finding inconsistencies and faults in some programming projects, the open source CoreWiki project by Jeff Fritz and several web service API projects for services offered by Innovation Norway.