Treat Yourself to a Flu Shot. Be Wise. Immunize!!!
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Gather ‘round for places to go... things to do... people to see... Blue Rivers Area Agency on Aging Table Talk October 2017 Don’t Let Flu Season Trick YOU!!! Treat yourself to a flu shot. Be Wise. Immunize!!! (Flu shots are available at many Blue Rivers Area Agency on Aging Senior Centers, Administrative Office, Pharmacies, Public Health Departments, and Physicians Offices.) Preventing the Flu: Good Health Habits Can Help Stop Germs https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/habits.htm Good health habits like covering your cough and washing your hands often can help stop the spread of germs and prevent respiratory illnesses like the flu.The single best way to prevent seasonal flu is to get vaccinated each year, but good health habits like covering your cough and washing your hands often can help stop the spread of germs and prevent respiratory illnesses like the flu. There also are flu antiviral drugs that can be used to treat and prevent flu. 1. Avoid close contact. Avoid close contact with people who are sick. When you are sick, keep your distance from others to protect them from getting sick too. 2. Stay home when you are sick. If possible, stay home from work, school, and errands when you are sick. This will help prevent spreading your illness to others. 3. Cover your mouth and nose. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing. It may prevent those around you from getting sick. 4. Clean your hands. Washing your hands often will help protect you from germs. If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand rub. 5. Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs are often spread when a person touches something that is contaminated with germs and then touches his or her eyes, nose, or mouth. 6. Practice other good health habits. Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces at home, work or school, especially when someone is ill. Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, manage your stress, drink plenty of fluids, and eat nutritious food. Blue Rivers Area Agency on Aging • Table Talk • October 2017 - Page 2 Celts thought that the presence of the otherworldly HISTORY OF HALLOWEEN spirits made it easier for the Druids, or Celtic priests, http://www.history.com/topics/ to make predictions about the future. For a people halloween/history-of-halloween entirely dependent on the volatile natural world, these prophecies were an important source of Straddling the line between fall and winter, plenty comfort and direction during the long, dark winter. and paucity, life and death, Halloween is a time of celebration and superstition. It is thought to have originated with the ancient Celtic festival of DID YOU KNOW? Samhain, when people would light bonfires and One quarter of all the candy sold annually in the U.S. wear costumes to ward off roaming ghosts. In is purchased for Halloween. the eighth century, Pope Gregory III designated To commemorate the event, Druids built huge November 1 as a time to honor all saints and sacred bonfires, where the people gathered to burn martyrs; the holiday, All Saints’ Day, incorporated crops and animals as sacrifices to the Celtic deities. some of the traditions of Samhain. The evening During the celebration, the Celts wore costumes, before was known as All Hallows’ Eve and later typically consisting of animal heads and skins, and Halloween. Over time, Halloween evolved into a attempted to tell each other’s fortunes. When the secular, community-based event characterized by celebration was over, they re-lit their hearth fires, child-friendly activities such as trick-or-treating. which they had extinguished earlier that evening, In a number of countries around the world, as from the sacred bonfire to help protect them during the days grow shorter and the nights get colder, the coming winter. people continue to usher in the winter season with By 43 A.D., the Roman Empire had conquered the gatherings, costumes and sweet treats. majority of Celtic territory. In the course of the four hundred years that they ruled the Celtic lands, two ANCIENT ORIGINS OF HALLOWEEN festivals of Roman origin were combined with the Halloween’s origins date back to the ancient Celtic traditional Celtic celebration of Samhain. The first festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in). The Celts, was Feralia, a day in late October when the Romans who lived 2,000 years ago in the area that is now traditionally commemorated the passing of the Ireland, the United Kingdom and northern France, dead. The second was a day to honor Pomona, the celebrated their new year on November 1. This day Roman goddess of fruit and trees. The symbol of marked the end of summer and the harvest and the Pomona is the apple and the incorporation of this beginning of the dark, cold winter, a time of year celebration into Samhain probably explains the that was often associated with human death. Celts tradition of “bobbing” for apples that is practiced believed that on the night before the new year, the today on Halloween. boundary between the worlds of the living and On May 13, 609 A.D., Pope Boniface IV dedicated the dead became blurred. On the night of October the Pantheon in Rome in honor of all Christian 31 they celebrated Samhain, when it was believed martyrs, and the Catholic feast of All Martyrs Day that the ghosts of the dead returned to earth. In was established in the Western church. Pope addition to causing trouble and damaging crops, Continued on Page 4 Blue Rivers Area Agency on Aging • Table Talk • Octomber 2017 - Page 3 Gregory III (731–741) later expanded the festival to husband by doing tricks with yarn, apple parings or include all saints as well as all martyrs, and moved mirrors. the observance from May 13 to November 1. By In the late 1800s, there was a move in America the 9th century the influence of Christianity had to mold Halloween into a holiday more about spread into Celtic lands, where it gradually blended community and neighborly get-togethers than with and supplanted the older Celtic rites. In 1000 about ghosts, pranks and witchcraft. At the turn of A.D., the church would make November 2 All Souls’ the century, Halloween parties for both children Day, a day to honor the dead. It is widely believed and adults became the most common way to today that the church was attempting to replace the celebrate the day. Parties focused on games, Celtic festival of the dead with a related, but church- foods of the season and festive costumes. Parents sanctioned holiday. All Souls Day was celebrated were encouraged by newspapers and community similarly to Samhain, with big bonfires, parades, leaders to take anything “frightening” or “grotesque” and dressing up in costumes as saints, angels and out of Halloween celebrations. Because of these devils. The All Saints Day celebration was also called efforts, Halloween lost most of its superstitious All-hallows or All-hallowmas (from Middle English and religious overtones by the beginning of the Alholowmesse meaning All Saints’ Day) and the twentieth century. night before it, the traditional night of Samhain in the Celtic religion, began to be called All-hallows By the 1920s and 1930s, Halloween had become Eve and, eventually, Halloween. a secular, but community-centered holiday, with parades and town-wide parties as the featured entertainment. Despite the best efforts of many HALLOWEEN COMES TO AMERICA schools and communities, vandalism began Celebration of Halloween was extremely limited to plague Halloween celebrations in many in colonial New England because of the rigid communities during this time. By the 1950s, town Protestant belief systems there. Halloween was leaders had successfully limited vandalism and much more common in Maryland and the southern Halloween had evolved into a holiday directed colonies. As the beliefs and customs of different mainly at the young. Due to the high numbers European ethnic groups as well as the American of young children during the fifties baby boom, Indians meshed, a distinctly American version of parties moved from town civic centers into the Halloween began to emerge. The first celebrations classroom or home, where they could be more included “play parties,” public events held to easily accommodated. Between 1920 and 1950, celebrate the harvest, where neighbors would the centuries-old practice of trick-or-treating was share stories of the dead, tell each other’s fortunes, also revived. Trick-or-treating was a relatively dance and sing. Colonial Halloween festivities also inexpensive way for an entire community to share featured the telling of ghost stories and mischief- the Halloween celebration. In theory, families making of all kinds. By the middle of the nineteenth could also prevent tricks being played on them by century, annual autumn festivities were common, providing the neighborhood children with small but Halloween was not yet celebrated everywhere treats. A new American tradition was born, and it in the country. has continued to grow. Today, Americans spend an In the second half of the nineteenth century, estimated $6 billion annually on Halloween, making America was flooded with new immigrants. These it the country’s second largest commercial holiday. new immigrants, especially the millions of Irish fleeing Ireland’s potato famine of 1846, helped to TODAY’S HALLOWEEN TRADITIONS popularize the celebration of Halloween nationally. The American Halloween tradition of “trick-or- Taking from Irish and English traditions, Americans treating” probably dates back to the early All Souls’ began to dress up in costumes and go house to Day parades in England. During the festivities, poor house asking for food or money, a practice that citizens would beg for food and families would eventually became today’s “trick-or-treat” tradition.