Ancient and Modern Egypt and Israel,- June 20-22, 1991

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Ancient and Modern Egypt and Israel,- June 20-22, 1991 DOCUMENT RESUME ED 350 210 SO 022 346 TITLE Compendium of Curriculum Projects for 1991 Fulbright-Hays Seminars Abroad Program: Ancient and Modern Egypt and Israel,- June 20-22, 1991. INSTITUTION Institute of International Education, New York, N.Y. SPONS AGENCY Center for International Education (ED), Washington, DC. PUB DATE 92 NOTE 318p.; Some materials may not reproduce clearly. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For Teacher)(052) EDRS PRICE MFO1 /PC13 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Area Studies; Elementary Secondary Education; Foreign Countries; *Global Approach; Instructional Materials; *Multicultural Education; Social Studies; Study Abroad; *Teacher Developed Materials; Travel IDENTIFIERS *Egypt; Fulbright Teacher Exchange Program; *Israel; Middle East ABSTRACT These curriculum projects were produced by teachers who traveled to Egypt and Israel as part of the Fulbright-Hays Seminars Abroad Program. The materials developed by the educators were: Activities and Bibliography of Resources to Promote Student Involvement in a Class Study of Egypt and Egyptian Culture (Edith Baxter); Egypt at the Crossroads of Civilization: The Old Ways Change (Charlotte Nasser Byrd); A Comprehensive Unit on Israel for Sixth Graders Using the Five Themes of Geography (Joy Campbell; Janet Rinehart); Jerusalem: City of Peace (Frances S. Dubner; Bella Frankel); Eight-Year Old Mohammed Travels the Nile--Primary Grades Curriculum on Egypt (Monty Hawks); Taking Many Steps through Ancient and Modern Israel and Egypt (Tonya Houser); Lesson Plan: The Rise of Nazism and World War II--Stereotyping and the Holocaust (Jim Kelly); Promote International Understanding (Cynthia Kinstler); The Israeli-Palestinian Resolution: Homeland or Occupied Territory? (Bruce E. MaClean; Kelly A. Smith); Curriculum Project--Egypt (Kristine K. McCormick); Israel: A Land of Intensity (Linda Mager); Materials for Teaching Ethical Monotheism (Simmie Plummer); and Israel and Egypt (Mary E. Snethen;.(D8) *********************************************************************** aeproau.:Lions supplied oy EuRs are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Tw* Compendium of Curriculum Projects for tZ:( 1991 Fulbright-Hays Seminars Abroad Program Ancient and Modern Egypt and Israel June 20-22, 1991 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research andImprovement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) .tom.' document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization riginating it r Minor changes have been made toimprove reproduction quality Points of view or opinions stated in this docu ment do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MAT RIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES Sponsored by INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." Center for International Education 4 United States Department of Education Compiled by Professional Exchange Programs Division rn Institute of International Education BEST COPY AVAILABLE 2 Curriculum Projects in this Compendium Include: Activities and Bibliography of Resources to Promote Student Involvement in a Class Study of Egypt and Egyptian Culture Edith Baxter, Lincoln Public Schools Egypt at the Crossroads of Civilization: The Old Ways Change Charlotte Nasser Byrd, Wilmington Christian Schools, Inc. A Comprehensive Unit on Israel for Sixth Graders Using the Five Themes of Geography Joy Campbell, Jordan School District Janet Rinehart, Ashland City Schools Jerusalem:City of Peace Frances S. Dubner, Dunwoody School District Bella Frankel, Jane Addams High School Eight-Year Old Mohammed Travels the Nile - Primary Grades Curriculum on Egypt Monty Hawks, Weber County School District Taking Many Steps Through Ancient & Modern Israel and Egypt Tonya Houser, Lexington Local Schools Lesson Plan: The Rise of Nazism and World War II - Stereotyping and the Holocaust Jim Kelly, Hacienda-LaPuente Unified School District Promote International Understanding Cynthia Kinstler, Island Heights School The Israeli-Palestinian Resolution: Homeland or Occupied Territory? Bruce E. MaClean, Oxbow High School Kelly A. Smith, St. Raymond High School for Boys Curriculum Project - Egypt Kristine K. McCormick, Julesburg School District Israel: A Land of Intensity Linda Mager, Lawton Public Schools Materials for Teaching Ethical Monotheism Simmie Plummer, Valley High School Israel and Egypt Mary E. Snethen, Salem/Keizer Public Schools 3 Activities and Bibliography of Resources to Promote Student Involvement in A Class Study of Egypt and Egyptian Culture Edith Baxter 1991 Summer Fulbright Fellow Israel/Egypt: Ancient and Modern Civilizations @ December, 1991 4 Activities and Bibliography of Resources to Promote Student Involvement in A Class Study of Egypt and Egyptian Culture I Beginning To establish a base from which to work I have students in small groups brain- storm and then report back to the group at large what they already know about Egypt and what they can teach the rest of us. This varies from year to year but is always a good tuning in activity.I am surprised, often, at the sophistication and complexity of the knowledge the class possesses.I organize reported informa- tion into topics and prepare a chart for the class. We repeat this activity at the end of the unit to acknowledge the variety and depth of learnings acquired. camels, oaricing cobras Egypt people ride camels and norses 2,650 B.C.3,000 B.C. Super Statues Middle East cat statues Egypt is in North Africa granite hot heat stone Nile River The Nile River is in Egypt Gods and spirits the Red Sea They worshipped gods. near Libya Scarab beetle go desert sand its sandy Buildings, sandstorms minarets oil pyramids palm trees They drew drawings on the walls of quick sand the pyramids. water tents river out houses mirages Mummies People no brains when they are mummified kings and queens They wrap people up when they die. Ramses the Great They put mummies in pyramids. King Tut (died at nineteen) They bury their kings and queens had a mask made out of gold in big pyramids The queens and kings wore snakes on their head pieces goats Cleopatra lived in Egypt Many Egyptians wear cloths on their heads Gold Animals JRugs snakes, cobras, rattle snakes, lizards Edith Baxter: fulbright 1991 summer Reprt 5 Activities and Bibliography of Resources Mapping Activities: We spend considerable time working with maps and globes. 1. Qn a blank Tnp_Atvjsnatsagggagt1eachother find the foll and bodies of water. PLACES TO INCLUDE ON YOUR MAP Countries: Afghanistan Mongolia Africa Nepal Bangladesh North and South Korea Bhutan North and South Vietnam Burma Norway Cambodia Oman China Pakistan Egypt Philippines Europe Poland Finland Romania France Saudi Arabia Germany Siberia India Soviet Union Indonesia Sri Lanka Iran Sweden Iraq Thailand Israel Turkey Italy United Arab Emirates Yemen Japan Jordan Yugoslavia Kuwait Lebanon aojies of Water Arabian Sea Arctic Ocean Bering Sea Black Sea Caspian Sea Indian Ocean Mediterranean Sea Persian Gulf Sea of Okhotsk South China Sea Pacific Ocean Edith Baxter: Fulbright 1991 Summer Report 6 -3- Activities and Biblioarabhv of Resources 2. In your note book define the following terms. Explain each term with specific reference to Egyptian geography Delta Tributary Cataract Lower Egypt Upper Egypt 3. Draw a freehand map of Egypt. a. Trace the Nile River in blue, including the Nile Delta. b. Shade the Nile Valley in green. c. Shade the desert areas in an appropriate color: red or orange-yellow. d. Label and shade in blue the Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez, and the Mediterranean Sea. e. Draw a black arrow to indicate the direction in which the Nile River flows. 4. jhgint a freehand map of Africa. On your map indicate the location of Egypt label the following: Mediterranean Sea Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Nile River Red Sea Numbers Students learn the symbols ancient Egyptians used for numerals. They count from 1-100 in ancient Egyptian numerals. They count by hundreds to one thou- sand. They explore the reasons ancient Egyptians didn't need zero. Hieroglyphics Students use hieroglyphic stencils, wheels and charts to make a cartouche of their name. These are illustrated, laminated and displayed around the class- room. Together we discuss the evolution of the Egyptian language system and discuss the significance of the Rosetta Stone. Edith Baxter: Fulbright 1991 Summer Report -4- 7 Activities and Bibliography of Resources Literature: An Egyptian Craftsman. by Giovanni Case lli. Peter Bedrick Books, 1986. Students in groups of three and four summarize and report back to the large group about the life of a scribe, the training required, the tools and equipment used,the role of the scribe in ancient Egyptian society. Group reports are posted around the room. Students write up individual summations and illustrate their accounts with sketches. Bill and Pete Go down the Nile written and illustrated by Tomie dePaola. G.P. Putnam, 1937. The Blue Faience Hippopotamus Illustrated by Alexandra Day. Green Tiger Press. 1984 Objects have stories. Students look through reference books to find examples of early Egyptian toys. They make models or sketches to share with the large group. Students tell the stories that the objects bring to mind or find a story that the object seems to symbolize and create their own retelling. They perform this tale as a puppet play. They write their own script or use the one I have fashioned, included in appendix Gods and Pharaohs from Egyptian
Recommended publications
  • Faith Based Education in Cairo: an Assessment of the Role and Quality
    The American University in Cairo School of Humanities and Social Sciences Faith Based Education in Cairo: An Assessment of the Role and Quality A Thesis Submitted to Political Science Department in partial fulfillment of the requirements for The degree of Master of Arts A Thesis Submitted by Dalia Samir El-Gamal Under the supervision of Dr. Ibrahim Elnur December/ 2015 ii Acknowledgement First and foremost, I would like to thank God for giving me the opportunity, strength and ability to complete my master degree. Secondly, I would like to give my deepest gratitude and appreciation to my parents for their endless love, constant support, guidance and encouragement throughout my life. I never would have made it without you. Also, I would like to thank my brothers for their support and patience. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Ibrahim El Nur for his support and insightful comments throughout my thesis. Also, I would like to thank my readers Dr. Nadya Farah and Dr. James Sunday. Lastly, I would like to express my gratitude to the interview participants. iii ABSTRACT Faith based education is not a new phenomena in Egypt since religious institutions and scholars have always played a role in providing education services to their community formally and informally. Formally, they provided education services to the members of their community through building and managing schools. The trend of faith based schools in Cairo has always been rising since the last decades. However, many faith based schools are facing many regulatory and social obstacles post 25th revolution and 30th June revolution in Egypt.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharaonic Egypt Through the Eyes of a European Traveller and Collector
    Pharaonic Egypt through the eyes of a European traveller and collector Excerpts from the travel diary of Johann Michael Wansleben (1672-3), with an introduction and annotations by Esther de Groot Esther de Groot s0901245 Book and Digital Media Studies University of Leiden First Reader: P.G. Hoftijzer Second reader: R.J. Demarée 0 1 2 Pharaonic Egypt through the eyes of a European traveller and collector Excerpts from the travel diary of Johann Michael Wansleben (1672-3), with an introduction and annotations by Esther de Groot. 3 4 For Harold M. Hays 1965-2013 Who taught me how to read hieroglyphs 5 6 Contents List of illustrations p. 8 Introduction p. 9 Editorial note p. 11 Johann Michael Wansleben: A traveller of his time p. 12 Egypt in the Ottoman Empire p. 21 The journal p. 28 Travelled places p. 53 Acknowledgments p. 67 Bibliography p. 68 Appendix p. 73 7 List of illustrations Figure 1. Giza, BNF Ms. Italien 435, folio 104 p. 54 Figure 2. The pillar of Marcus Aurelius, BNF Ms. Italien 435, folio 123 p. 59 Figure 3. Satellite view of Der Abu Hennis and Der el Bersha p. 60 Figure 4. Map of Der Abu Hennis from the original manuscript p. 61 Figure 5. Map of the visited places in Egypt p. 65 Figure 6. Map of the visited places in the Faiyum p. 66 Figure 7. An offering table from Saqqara, BNF Ms. Italien 435, folio 39 p. 73 Figure 8. A stela from Saqqara, BNF Ms. Italien 435, folio 40 p. 74 Figure 9.
    [Show full text]
  • In Their Own Words: Voices of Jihad
    THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as CHILD POLICY a public service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION Jump down to document ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING organization providing objective analysis and PUBLIC SAFETY effective solutions that address the challenges facing SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY the public and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Support RAND TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Purchase this document WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Learn more about the RAND Corporation View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND monographs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. in their own words Voices of Jihad compilation and commentary David Aaron Approved for public release; distribution unlimited C O R P O R A T I O N This book results from the RAND Corporation's continuing program of self-initiated research.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTICLE Development of a Gold-Standard Pashto Dataset and a Segmentation App Yan Han and Marek Rychlik
    ARTICLE Development of a Gold-standard Pashto Dataset and a Segmentation App Yan Han and Marek Rychlik ABSTRACT The article aims to introduce a gold-standard Pashto dataset and a segmentation app. The Pashto dataset consists of 300 line images and corresponding Pashto text from three selected books. A line image is simply an image consisting of one text line from a scanned page. To our knowledge, this is one of the first open access datasets which directly maps line images to their corresponding text in the Pashto language. We also introduce the development of a segmentation app using textbox expanding algorithms, a different approach to OCR segmentation. The authors discuss the steps to build a Pashto dataset and develop our unique approach to segmentation. The article starts with the nature of the Pashto alphabet and its unique diacritics which require special considerations for segmentation. Needs for datasets and a few available Pashto datasets are reviewed. Criteria of selection of data sources are discussed and three books were selected by our language specialist from the Afghan Digital Repository. The authors review previous segmentation methods and introduce a new approach to segmentation for Pashto content. The segmentation app and results are discussed to show readers how to adjust variables for different books. Our unique segmentation approach uses an expanding textbox method which performs very well given the nature of the Pashto scripts. The app can also be used for Persian and other languages using the Arabic writing system. The dataset can be used for OCR training, OCR testing, and machine learning applications related to content in Pashto.
    [Show full text]
  • Saudi Arabia.Pdf
    A saudi man with his horse Performance of Al Ardha, the Saudi national dance in Riyadh Flickr / Charles Roffey Flickr / Abraham Puthoor SAUDI ARABIA Dec. 2019 Table of Contents Chapter 1 | Geography . 6 Introduction . 6 Geographical Divisions . 7 Asir, the Southern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �7 Rub al-Khali and the Southern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Hejaz, the Western Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Nejd, the Central Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 The Eastern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Topographical Divisions . .. 9 Deserts and Mountains � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Climate . .. 10 Bodies of Water . 11 Red Sea � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Persian Gulf � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Wadis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Major Cities . 12 Riyadh � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �12 Jeddah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �13 Mecca � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
    [Show full text]
  • New Language Resources for the Pashto Language
    New language resources for the Pashto language Djamel Mostefa 1 , Khalid Choukri 1 , Sylvie Brunessaux 2 , Karim Boudahmane 3 1 Evaluation and Language resources Distribution Agency, France 2 CASSIDIAN, France 3 Direction Générale de l'Armement, France E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract This paper reports on the development of new language resources for the Pashto language, a very low-resource language spoken in Afghanistan and Pakistan. In the scope of a multilingual data collection project, three large corpora are collected for Pashto. Firstly a monolingual text corpus of 100 million words is produced. Secondly a 100 hours speech database is recorded and manually transcribed. Finally a bilingual Pashto-French parallel corpus of around 2 million is produced by translating Pashto texts into French. These resources will be used to develop Human Language Technology systems for Pashto with a special focus on Machine Translation. Keywords: Pashto, low-resource language, speech corpus, monolingual and multilingual text corpora, web crawling. other one being Dari) and one regional language in 1. Introduction Pakistan. There are very few corpora and Human Language The code assigned to the language by the ISO 639-3 Technology (HLT) services available for Pashto. No standard is [pus]. language resources for Pashto can be found in the According to the Ethnologue.com website, it is spoken by catalogues of LDC1 and ELRA2. around 20 million people and three main dialects are to be Pashto is a very low-resource language. Google doesn't considered: support Pashto in its search engine or translation services.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Advice Egypt Egypt – EGY37024 – Treatment of Anglican Christians in Al Minya 2 August 2010
    Country Advice Egypt Egypt – EGY37024 – Treatment of Anglican Christians in Al Minya 2 August 2010 1. Please provide detailed information on Al Minya, including its location, its history and its religious background. Please focus on the Christian population of Al Minya and provide information on what Christian denominations are in Al Minya, including the Anglican Church and the United Coptic Church; the main places of Christian worship in Al Minya; and any conflict in Al Minya between Christians and the authorities. 1 Al Minya (also known as El Minya or El Menya) is known as the „Bride of Upper Egypt‟ due to its location on at the border of Upper and Lower Egypt. It is the capital city of the Minya governorate in the Nile River valley of Upper Egypt and is located about 225km south of Cairo to which it is linked by rail. The city has a television station and a university and is a centre for the manufacture of soap, perfume and sugar processing. There is also an ancient town named Menat Khufu in the area which was the ancestral home of the pharaohs of the 4th dynasty. 2 1 „Cities in Egypt‟ (undated), travelguide2egypt.com website http://www.travelguide2egypt.com/c1_cities.php – Accessed 28 July 2010 – Attachment 1. 2 „Travel & Geography: Al-Minya‟ 2010, Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2 August http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/384682/al-Minya – Accessed 28 July 2010 – Attachment 2; „El Minya‟ (undated), touregypt.net website http://www.touregypt.net/elminyatop.htm – Accessed 26 July 2010 – Page 1 of 18 According to several websites, the Minya governorate is one of the most highly populated governorates of Upper Egypt.
    [Show full text]
  • Meet the Gilded Lady 2 Mummies Now Open
    Member Magazine Spring 2017 Vol. 42 No. 2 Mummies meet the gilded lady 2 mummies now open Seeing Inside Today, computerized inside of mummies, revealing CT scans of the Gilded Lady tomography (CT) scanning details about the person’s reveal that she was probably offers researchers glimpses age, appearance, and health. in her forties. They also suggest of mummified individuals “Scans like these are noninvasive, that she may have suffered like never before. By combining they’re repeatable, and they from tuberculosis, a common thousands of cross-sectioned can be done without damaging disease at the time. x-ray images, CT scans let the history that we’re trying researchers examine the to understand,” Thomas says. Mummy #30007, known as the Gilded Lady, is one of the most beautifully preserved mummies from The Field Museum’s collection, and one of 19 now on view in the special exhibition Mummies. For decades, keeping mummies like this one well preserved also meant severely limiting the ability of researchers to study them. The result is that little was known about the Gilded Lady beyond what could be gleaned from the mummy’s exterior, with its intricate linen bindings, gilded headdress, and painted facial features. Exterior details do offer some clues. The mummy dates from 30 BC–AD 395, a period when Egypt was a province of the Roman Empire. While the practice of mummification endured in Egypt, it was being transformed by Roman influences. Before the Roman era, for example, mummies had been placed in wooden coffins, while the Gilded Lady is preserved in only linen wrappings and cartonnage, a papier mâché-like material.
    [Show full text]
  • After the Accords Anwar Sadat
    WMHSMUN XXXIV After the Accords: Anwar Sadat’s Cabinet Background Guide “Unprecedented committees. Unparalleled debate. Unmatched fun.” Letters From the Directors Dear Delegates, Welcome to WMHSMUN XXXIV! My name is Hank Hermens and I am excited to be the in-room Director for Anwar Sadat’s Cabinet. I’m a junior at the College double majoring in International Relations and History. I have done model UN since my sophomore year of high school, and since then I have become increasingly involved. I compete as part of W&M’s travel team, staff our conferences, and have served as the Director of Media for our college level conference, &MUN. Right now, I’m a member of our Conference Team, planning travel and training delegates. Outside of MUN, I play trumpet in the Wind Ensemble, do research with AidData and for a professor, looking at the influence of Islamic institutions on electoral outcomes in Tunisia. In my admittedly limited free time, I enjoy reading, running, and hanging out with my friends around campus. As members of Anwar Sadat’s cabinet, you’ll have to deal with the fallout of Egypt’s recent peace with Israel, in Egypt, the greater Middle East and North Africa, and the world. You’ll also meet economic challenges, rising national political tensions, and more. Some of the problems you come up against will be easily solved, with only short-term solutions necessary. Others will require complex, long term solutions, or risk the possibility of further crises arising. No matter what, we will favor creative, outside-the-box ideas as well as collaboration and diplomacy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Japan Foundation Newsletter Vol
    THE JAPAN FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER VOL. XXVIII/NO. 1 AUGUST 2000 On Other Pages Sound Japan Cultural Highlights From the Japanese Press (January 1–May 31, 2000) 8 Christopher Yohmei Blasdel Research Reports Depiction of the Family in Con- temporary Japanese Cinema 9 Masao Maruyama 12 Reclaiming Cultural Identity, Re- everal people sit in a simple tatami-matted room, enjoying the deliberate move- jecting Deviance, and “Doing ments of the tea ceremony. All is silent except for the susurrant rattle of the Homelessness” in Ueno Park 15 teapot’s iron lid as steam rushes out. This murmur is punctuated by the soft Book Reviews 18 S whisks of the bamboo stirring brush. Foundation Activities A shishiodoshi bamboo ladle, set along the stream in a traditional Japanese garden, Exhibition of Children’s Pic- ture Book Illustrations from slowly fills with water. As critical mass is achieved, the liquid is dropped. The base of Korea 20 the ladle hits a stone on the rebound, sending a report throughout the garden. In another part of the garden, a suikinkutsu jar, partially filled with water, is buried just below ground level. As water slowly drops into the jar from above, sonorous plops The Japan Foundation Newsletter is distrib- escape into the garden, audible only to those who wait, patiently, near the jar’s opening. uted free of charge to individuals and organizations interested in Japanese Cicada hum in unison from the luxuriant growth of summer. Later, as evening cools Studies and international cultural ex- to night, the shrill sounds of their higurashi cousins reverberate back and forth, as they change.
    [Show full text]
  • Rainwater Harvesting in Cholistan Desert: a Case Study of Pakistan
    Rainwater Harvesting in Cholistan Desert: A Case Study of Pakistan Muhammad Akram Kahlown1 Abstract About 70 million hectares of Pakistan fall under arid and semi-arid climate including desert land. Cholistan is one of the main deserts covering an area of 2.6 million hectares where water scarcity is the fundamental problem for human and livestock population as most of the groundwater is highly saline. Rainfall is the only source of freshwater source, which occurs mostly during monsoon (July to September). Therefore, rainwater harvesting in the desert has crucial importance. The Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) has been conducting research studies on rainwater harvesting since 1989 in the Cholistan desert by developing catchments through various techniques and constructing ponds with different storage capacities ranging between 3000 and 15000 m3. These ponds have been designed to collect maximum rainwater within the shortest possible time and to minimize seepage and evaporation losses. As a result of successful field research on rainwater harvesting system, PCRWR has developed 92 rainwater harvesting systems on pilot scale in Cholistan desert. Each system consists of storage reservoir, energy dissipater, silting basin, lined channel, and network of ditches in the watershed. The storage pond is designed to collect about 15000 m3 of water with a depth of 6 m. Polyethylene sheet (0.127 mm) on bed and plastering of mortar (3.81 cm) on sides of the pond was provided to minimize seepage losses. All these pilot activities to harvest rain have brought revolution in the socio-economic uplift of the community. These activities have also saved million of rupees during the recent drought.
    [Show full text]
  • Automated Detection of Archaeological Mounds Using Machine-Learning Classification of Multisensor and Multitemporal Satellite Data
    Automated detection of archaeological mounds using machine-learning classification of multisensor and multitemporal satellite data Hector A. Orengoa,1, Francesc C. Conesaa,1, Arnau Garcia-Molsosaa, Agustín Lobob, Adam S. Greenc, Marco Madellad,e,f, and Cameron A. Petriec,g aLandscape Archaeology Research Group (GIAP), Catalan Institute of Classical Archaeology, 43003 Tarragona, Spain; bInstitute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera, Spanish National Research Council, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; cMcDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 3ER Cambridge, United Kingdom; dCulture and Socio-Ecological Dynamics, Department of Humanities, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; eCatalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, 08010 Barcelona, Spain; fSchool of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; and gDepartment of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3DZ Cambridge, United Kingdom Edited by Elsa M. Redmond, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, and approved June 25, 2020 (received for review April 2, 2020) This paper presents an innovative multisensor, multitemporal mounds (7–9). Georeferenced historical map series have also machine-learning approach using remote sensing big data for been used solely or in combination with contemporary declas- the detection of archaeological mounds in Cholistan (Pakistan). sified data (10–14). In recent years, RS-based archaeological The Cholistan Desert presents one of
    [Show full text]