USAID MIKAJY QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FY 2020 QUARTER 2 – JANUARY 1, TO MARCH 31, 2020

Original Submission Date: April 30, 2020 Revised Submission: June 16, 2020

Contract Number: 72068718C00002 Contract Period: May 7, 2018 to May 6, 2023 COR Name: Tiana Razafimahatratra

Submitted by: Fanja Randrenalijaona, Acting Chief of Party, USAID Mikajy Phone: (+1) 802 495 0294 Email: [email protected]

This document was produced for review and approval by the United States Agency for International Development/Madagascar (USAID/Madagascar).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents 1 Acronyms and Abbreviations 3 1. ACTIVITY OVERVIEW 6 1.1 Activity Details 6 1.2 Executive Summary 7 2. MAMABAY IMPLEMENTATION 9 2.1 Strategic Approach 1: Nature 9 1) Key Result 1.1: Target actors have improved capacity for natural resource management and protected area management 9 2) Key Result 1.2: Improved coordination and engagement among/by target actors 10 3) Key Result 1.3: Information for decision-making is available and better used for NRM 12 2.2 Strategic Approach 2: Wealth 13 4) Key Result 2.1: Conservation-friendly private sector investment increased in target areas 13 5) Key Result 2.2: Communities have skills, resources, and certifications to participate in sustainable value chains 14 6) Key Result 2.3: Improved Income for Target Communities 15 7) Key Result 2.4: Communities and Private Sector Adopt and Implement Conservation-Friendly Practices 16 2.3 Strategic Approach 3: Resilient Communities 16 8) Key Result 3.1: Stakeholders adopt an integrated approach to conservation. 16 2.4 Strategic Approach 4: Action 17 9) Key Result 4.1: Land and seascape strategies to strengthen land and resource tenure developed based on shared vision 17 10) Key Result 4.2: Land and seascape plans for strengthened land and resource tenure implemented 20 2.5 Strategic Approach 5: Power 20 11) Key Result 5.2: Accountability of the judicial system and community-based structures strengthened 20 3. MENABE IMPLEMENTATION 22 3.1 Strategic Approach 1: Nature 22 12) Key Result 1.1: Target actors have improved capacity for natural resource management and protected area management 22 13) Key Result 1.2: Improved coordination and engagement among key actors 23 14) Key Result 1.3: Information for decision-making is available and better used for NRM 24 3.2 Strategic Approach 2: Wealth 25 15) Key Result 2.1: Conservation-friendly private sector investment increased in target areas 25

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16) Key Result 2.2: Communities have skills, resources, and certifications to participate in sustainable value chains 25 3.3 Strategic Approach 3: Resilient Communities 26 17) Key Result 3.1: Stakeholders adopt an integrated approach to conservation 26 3.4 Strategic Approach 4: Action 26 18) Key Result 4.1: Land and seascape strategies to strengthen land and resource tenure developed based on shared vision 26 19) Key Result 4.2: Land and seascape plans for strengthened land and resource tenure implemented 27 3.5 Strategic Approach 5: Power 27 20) Key Result 5.1: Key actors in community-based land tenure and NRM strengthened and empowered to advocate and enforce environmental laws 27 21) Key Result 5.2: Accountability of the judicial system and community-based structures strengthened 28 4. CROSSCUTTING EFFORTS 29 4.1 Gender and Youth 29 4.2 Technology 29 4.3 Global Climate Change 30 5. COLLABORATION AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING 31 5.1 Collaboration with USAID Hay Tao 31 5.2 Collaboration with other USAID Activities 32 5.3 Collaboration with Government and Other Donors 33 5.4 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL) 33 6. ADMINISTRATION 34 6.1 Program Management and Administration 34 6.2 List of Staff and Consultants International Travel 35 6.3 Key Communication Activities 35 7. ANNEXES 37 Annex I. Q2 Indicator Performance Tracking Table 38 Annex II. Success Stories 41 Annex III: Grants Under Contract 45 Annex IV. Environmental and Climate Risk Management Compliance 47 Annex V. USAID Mikajy Organizational Chart 70

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AGP Agent de Parc (Park Agent) APMA Aire Protegee Menabe Antimena (Protected Area Menabe Antimena) APGL Aire Marine Protégée et Gérée Localement APS Annual Program Statement AROL Armand & Olivier AVAMA Ankofabe-Voloina-Ambinanitelo-Mahalevona CBNRM Community-Based Natural Resources Management CCZ Comité de Coordination Zonaux CLP Comité Locale de Patrouilles COBA Communauté de Base (equivalent of VOI – cf infra) COPEFRITO Compagnie de Pèche Frigorifique de Tuléar COR Contracting Officer Representative COSAP Comité d’Orientation et de Suivi des Aires Protégées CSO Civil Society Organization CTD Collectivité Territoriale Décentralisée DAF Director of Administration and Finance DOI-ITAP Department of the Interior-International Technical Assistance Program DQA Data Quality Assessment DRAEP Regional Directorate of Agriculture, Farming, and Fisheries DREDD Direction Régionale de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable FIVE Force Instrumentale pour Valoriser Ensemble FOSA Fo Sarotiny amin’ny Ala FY Fiscal Year GF Guichet Foncier GPS Global Positioning System Ha Hectare IOM International Organization for Migration KMMFA Komity Miaro ny Ala LMMA Locally Managed Marine Area

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LOI Letter of Intent MaMaBay Makira-Masoala-Bay of Antongil MEDD Ministère de l’Environnement et de Développement Durable MEL Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning METT Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool MNP Madagascar National Parks MOU Memorandum of Understanding MSIS Multi-Sector Information Service MSME Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise NCBA-CLUSA National Cooperative Business Association Cooperative League of the USA NGO Nongovernmental Organization NP Natural Park NRM Natural Resources Management OCAT Organizational Capacity Assessment Tool PO Producer Organization OPJ Officier de Police Judiciaire OTIV Ombona Tahiry Ifampisamborana Vola (microfinance institute) PA Protected Area PAG Plan d’Aménagement et de Gestion PAP Plan d’Aménagement des Pêches PACP Plan d’Aménagement Concerte de la Pêche PEM Participatory Ecological Monitoring PES Payment for Ecosystem Services PHE Population, Health, and Environment PIRS Performance Indicator Reference Sheet PLOF Plan Local d’Occupation Foncière PNAT Plan National d’Aménagement du Territoire PO Producer Organization RA Rainforest Alliance RAMEX Ramanandraibe Exportation

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REAP Responding to Threats to Peace and Social Cohesion Linked to Uncontrolled Migration SA Strategic Approach SAC Schéma d’Aménagement Communaux SAVA Sambava-Antalaha-Vohemar-Andapa SIF Sehatra Iombonan’ny Fananan-tany (USAID Hay Tao subcontractor) SMART Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool SOW Scope of Work STD Service Technique Deconcentre SWIOFISH2 South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Project (Phase 2) TGRN Transfert de Gestion des Ressources Naturelles THF Tahiry Ho an’ny Fahasalamana (Epargnes pour la Sante) USAID United States Agency for International Development USFS United States Forestry Service VOI Vondron’Olona Ifotony (or COBA cf supra) VSLA Village Savings and Loans Association WCS Wildlife Conservation Society fWWF World Wide Fund for Nature ZOC Zone d ‘Occupation Controlée

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1. ACTIVITY OVERVIEW

1.1 Activity Details

United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Mikajy is a five-year activity in Madagascar to advance biodiversity conservation in forest and coastal ecosystems, strengthen natural resource management and land tenure security among vulnerable populations, and promote sustainable economic growth in rural communities. USAID Mikajy fosters sustainable and inclusive economic growth by linking biodiversity conservation and improved natural resource management with sustainable livelihood development. Madagascar is a hotspot of global biodiversity with a high proportion of endemic plant and animal species. Despite the expansion of Madagascar’s protected area (PA) system and a robust legal framework for environmental protection, the country’s biodiversity is threatened by habitat loss; unsustainable harvesting of fisheries, timber, and wildlife; and the breakdown of both traditional and government resource governance. In the last decade, political instability and stagnant economic growth have exacerbated these threats. Table 1: Activity Details

Activity Name USAID Mikajy Activity

Activity Start/End Date May 7, 2018–May 6, 2023

Name of Prime Implementing Partner Tetra Tech

Contract/Agreement Number 72068718C00002

Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), National Cooperative Business Association Cooperative League of Name of Subcontractors/Sub-awardees: the USA (NCBA-CLUSA), Viamo, Multi-Sector Information Service (MSIS

Geographic Coverage Makira-Masoala-Bay of Antongil (MaMaBay) and Menabe (Governorates/Districts)

Reporting Period January l–March 31, 2020

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1.2 Executive Summary

During the second quarter of Fiscal Year (FY) 2020 (January l–March 31, 2020), USAID Mikajy achieved numerous technical and operational milestones while scaling up project implementation and impact. Technical achievements under Strategic Approach (SA) 1 include completion of the 2019 management effectiveness assessments of Makira and Masoala Parks, and the provision of Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART) training to Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs), park agents, sector chiefs, and Communautés de Base (COBAs) in the MaMaBay landscape as part of participatory ecological monitoring. With respect to the national program on reforestation, USAID Mikajy restored a total of 190.85 hectares (ha) this quarter. This includes 90.85 ha of active restoration (71 hectares in MaMaBay and 19.85 in Menabe), and 100 ha of passive restoration in Menabe Antimena by grantees Kew and Voahary. This quarter also included a scaling up of participatory and joint patrols in and around protected areas and management transfer zones resulting in a total of 1,308 infractions recorded (745 in MaMaBay and 563 in Menabe). Under SA2, USAID Mikajy continued to refine its private sector partnership strategy with the aim of mobilizing investors and private sector partners to engage in conservation-friendly business enterprises. Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) were signed this quarter with Ocean Farmers, Moringa Wave and The BeeKeeper to promote value chains which are expected to generate positive results for conservation and communities, including a honey and moringa oelifera value chain in Menabe and an algae aquaculture value chain in MaMaBay. Another significant milestone under SA2 this quarter was the Rainforest Alliance (RA) certification of 1,791 vanilla farmers from five cooperatives (see Annex II, Success Stories). For the upcoming harvest, this means farmers will receive premiums for their certified quality vanilla, thus increasing their incomes. This quarter USAID Mikajy also supported the creation of two new cooperatives and 11 new village savings and loans associations (VSLAs) with 254 new members, comprised mostly of women. As the capacity of the VSLAs grows, cooperative leaders are now working with Credit Ombona Tahiry Ifampisamborana Vola (OTIV) to offer lean season loans to cooperative members. For marine value chains, USAID Mikajy supported the recruitment and training of six local technicians in seaweed farming in partnership with Ocean Farmers. In Menabe, eight lead farmers continue to farm 32,000m2 of climate-resilient and conservation-friendly demonstration plots which are producing responsible maize and peanuts. Under SA3, USAID Mikajy supported community resilience through the signing of partnership agreements between local health centers (Centres de Santé de Base) in Voloina and Ankofabe and the Mirarisoa and Liampivoarana vanilla cooperatives. Members of these cooperatives can now benefit from the services offered by the mutual health insurance schemes and medical care. There is also an extension of the same health assurance scheme for the cooperatives of CR Mahalevona and CR Ambinanitelo. In Menabe, USAID Mikajy signed a Letter of Intent (LOI) with the United State Forest Service (USFS) for mangrove forest restoration and management in Belo sur Mer. Under SA4 (Action), USAID Mikajy completed co-management workshops in Maroantsetra, Antalaha, and Morondava. These workshops strengthened the engagement of target communities in planning for the protection of their land and resource rights. This quarter also saw the finalization of the Local Land Occupancy Plan (PLOF) for the rural municipality of Voloina. A total of 2,241 hectares were surveyed in Voloina, including 1,771 plots for a total of 2,968 beneficiaries (including men, women and children). During the census, the legal representatives of each household (which totaled 1,307 persons in total) signed a letter of commitment to defend the protected areas and work for conservation. In Menabe, the plot inventory conducted by USAID Hay Tao Activity subcontractor Sehatra Iombonan’ny Fananan-tany (SIF) helped to inform USAID Mikajy’s choice of lead farmers for conservation farming. USAID Mikajy also completed consultation workshops to integrate land rights and

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY’2020 Q2 P 7/71 governance of land and resources as part of Schémas d’Aménagement Communaux (SACs) and other land use plans in Antalaha, Andapa, Maroantsetra, and Morondava. Under SA5, USAID Mikajy completed four training sessions on techniques for reporting environmental crimes for the Vondron’Olona Ifotony (VOI) and Comite Locale de Patrouilles (CLP) in Antalaha and Maroantsetra, as well as for the LMMAs and Surveillance Committees in Mananara District. In Menabe, this quarter was also marked by national dialogue on dry forests with USAID Hay Tao, the Ministère de l’Environnement et de Développement Durable (MEDD), and the Force Instrumentale pour Valoriser Ensemble (FIVE) civil society network.

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2. MAMABAY IMPLEMENTATION

2.1 Strategic Approach 1: Nature

Key Result 1.1: Target actors have improved capacity for natural resource management and protected area management ● Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool USAID Mikajy evaluated the management effectiveness of two protected areas in MaMaBay using a Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool, or METT. Below are the results of the evaluations conducted for Makira and Masoala Natural Parks. Note that METTs conducted in 2020 assess management effectiveness for the year 2019; likewise, METTs conducted in 2019 reflect performance in 2018. Table 1: MaMaBay Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool Scores, 2020

Protected Area Manager METT 2019 METT 2020 Makira Wildlife Conservation 77% 78% Society (WCS) Masoala Madagascar National 74% 78% Parks (MNP) The management efficiency score for Makira increased by one percent compared to the previous METT score (77%). USAID Mikajy will continue supporting WCS as the delegated authority and manager of Makira. This includes ecological monitoring, co-management between the manager and the peripheral communities (through the creation of new management transfer zones, or Transfer de Gestion Resources Naturelle), restoration of degraded habitats, firefighting, and capacity building for actors in the MaMaBay landscape related to conservation and governance natural resources. For Masoala, the park management efficiency score increased by four percent over the previous METT score. USAID Mikajy’s interventions in firefighting were among the improvements put in place. Despite this increase much remains to be done to address illegal activities inside the parks, including improving the efficacy of patrolling and park management; USAID Mikajy will continue to support MNP in the same management activities as described above for WCS. ● Update of the protected areas management and business plans and evaluation and update of management transfer contracts The delegation contracts for the management of 16 COBAs in Masoala (out of 20 existing contracts) have, or will soon, expire and must be evaluated before their renewal. As the evaluation is conducted under the aegis of the Direction Régionale de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable (DREDD), Mikajy can only start the evaluation process after the Officier de Police Judiciaire (OPJs) concerned have been Leahy vetted and the MEDD has validated the evaluation tool. In Makira, USAID Mikajy carried out consultations with and sensitization of communities interested in the creation of Transferts de Gestion des Ressources Naturelles (TGRNs) in the Fokontany of Tanambao Nandranasana and Sahamalaza (Sector I) and in Sahamanganana (Sector II). These activities complement (and do not duplicate) EU-funded patrols conducted in Sector 1. Note that the identified areas where consultations were conducted are not the subject of any current conflicts or technical or political problems.

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● LMMAs USAID Mikajy conducted consultations this quarter to discuss creating new LMMAs at six sites: Nandrahanana, Ambanizana, and Rantabe in the District of Maroantsetra and Anoromby, Mahasoa, and Fontsimaro in the District of North Mananara. During these consultations, USAID Mikajy conducted awareness-raising and provided information on the LMMA establishment process. In addition, a management plan and fishery resource inventory (based in part on traditional knowledge) was conducted at three sites in Mananara District (Anoromby, Mahasoa, and Fontsimaro). ● Patrol – Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool SMART training this quarter included the participation of members of Control and Surveillance Committees 20 LMMAs in Mananara North. The training introduced participants to the system’s basic concepts and how to use new technologies for collecting SMART data in the field (i.e., patrol cards, global positioning software [GPS] units, and smartphone data entry). During this period, USAID Mikajy signed an MOU with MNP and procured equipment for the collection of patrol data for MNP Masoala. A total of 12 smartphones were procured for sector heads and agents and 24 GPS units for COBAs. Delivery of the equipment to MNP was delayed due to COVID-19 and is expected to be transferred next quarter. In addition, the team carried out the first training session in Mahalevona for Masoala Park agents and sector leaders from March 11 to 17, 2020. Participants learned about the importance of ecological monitoring for biodiversity conservation, the difference between ecological monitoring in the park versus participatory ecological monitoring in TGRNs, and methods and techniques for implementation of participatory ecological monitoring.

Key Result 1.2: Improved coordination and engagement among/by target actors ● Controlled Occupation Zones The MaMaBay landscape includes areas referred to as Controlled Occupation Zones and/or a Sustainable Use Zones, both of which were created for communities who were present in the area before the establishment of Masoala and Makira Natural Parks. The managers of the Makira and Masoala parks have established protocols for the use of these areas, however these protocols need to be regularly updated in order to conform with management plans and TGRN management contracts. On February 4, 2020, USAID Mikajy took advantage of the presence of DREDD Sambava-Antalaha- Vohemar-Andapa (SAVA) and DREDD Analanjirofo in Maroantsetra to discuss and prepare for an update of the ZOC protocols for Makira and Masoala parks. At the end of this meeting, it was decided the following recommendations would be implemented in Q3 and Q4 with support from USAID Mikajy ● The protocol update will include verification of zoning, occupation mapping, satellite mapping analysis, an updated list of current occupants according to the decrees in force, development of specifications (replacing the protocol), and development of eviction plans for illegal occupants. ● This procedure must be carried out with all competent authorities in charge of natural resource management (forest administration), land (topographic service/domain service), and population (district, municipalities). ● Joint sensitization missions will be carried out in affected communities.

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● Active and passive restoration In the MaMaBay landscape, USAID Mikajy projected to restore 439 ha of degraded habitat in FY20 inMasoala and Makira. These include 100 ha in Makira (Vohitaly, 80 ha; and Lokaitra, 20 ha) and 339 ha in Masoala (Ambohitralanana, 200 ha; Ambanizana, 50 ha; Sahavary, 40 ha; Ambatolaidama, 39 ha; and Antsabobe 10, ha). To help achieve this goal, this quarter 70 ha were restored in the MaMaBay landscape: 40 ha in Sahavary in Masoala Park and two “forest bridges” totaling 30 ha in the southern part of the Makira Natural Park. The forest bridges are designed to use active restoration as a means of maintaining ecological connectivity and genetic exchanges within the protected areas of northeastern Madagascar. To establish these forest bridges, MNP donated 15,043 young plants that were then transported and planted to cover 16 ha of formerly cleared areas or “Savoka” in the Lokaitra forest bridge, and 14 ha in the Vohitaly forest bridge. All phases of the restoration activities included the surrounding community, including 102 people who planted 11 species of native plants. ● Community patrols USAID Mikajy supports both park managers and COBAs to implement participatory patrols. Park officers and community members conduct the patrols, and report all offenses and crimes they observe to local authorities including OPJs, canton chiefs and the DREDD. During this quarter, USAID Mikajy supported patrolling in four sectors of Makira (Sectors II, IV, V, VI). A total of 64 participatory patrol missions were conducted inside the park with the participation of 550 people, including 119 new participants. Additional patrols were also conducted in Antalaha, Andapa de Befandriana North, and Maroantsetra districts. In total, 745 infractions were recorded this quarter in MaMaBay (SeeTable 2 below). USAID Mikajy also supports joint patrols that include DREDD agents, gendarmes, and local park committees who conduct patrols and prosecute offenses. In Makira, four joint patrol missions were carried out following the participatory patrol Joint patrol in Masoala Park. Credit: MNP missions and information received by park management. Two missions were carried out in Antalaha District, in Sector VI. During the first mission, the team arrested four persons who had cleared land inside the park and transferred them to the Antalaha court to await trial. The second Antalaha mission took place in Ankasikety Antsahantitra. The patrol resulted in one arrest for allegedly conducting slash-and-burn inside the park and his case was transferred to court. IN addition, forty-four members of the Sahajinja Manonga COBA and 26 members of Andranovolo COBA organized a mission in Maroantsetra District (Sector II) to sensitize the communities around Morafeno, Beanana, Sahajinja Manonga, and Andranovolo on environmental crimes, in particular about forest clearing. The mission also clarified the types of violations being observed inside the park and explaiedn how environmental crimes should be reported to authorities. An additional mission took place in the Andapa District (Sector V) following park agents’ reports of new clearings in the area. At the end of this mission, three persons were arrested, including two who had cleared areas in Lohan’Antsahogno and Bemalona. Another offender was also arrested in the Besariaka

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With respect to the reporting of infractions, until March 2020 all infractions were reported only at the canton level. In April and May 2020, the sector and canton chiefs began conducting joint patrol missions in the areas identified as experiencing high levels of illegal activity. Offenders who were caught were taken to prison, In addition to the joint patrols, community awareness raising was undertaken in the surrounding communities to ensure residents understand the applicable laws and the potential sanctions for violators. In June 2020, both WCS and MNP will send a summary report of violations to the DREDD. Staring in Q4, Mikajy will also launch sustainable revenue generating activities to provide alternatives incomes for local communities in order to reduce the economic incentives to engage in illegal activities and reduce pressure on surrounding natural resources. Table 2: Summary of Violations Observed by Participatory Patrols in MaMaBay Number of Violations Violations Observed Illegal plantations 176 Illegal circulation within the PA 142 Cutting of vegetation 123 Camping 98 Clearings (défrichements) 92 Illegal hunting 51 Mining 41 Modification of park infrastructures 12 Fire 8 Charcoal production 2 Total 745

Key Result 1.3: Information for decision-making is available and better used for NRM ● Landscape/seascape change monitoring unit As part of the MaMaBay landscape monitoring unit, USAID Mikajy began to work with local researchers to share information and data. The team held a first brainstorming meeting in March 2020 to analyze the feasibility of information sharing. It was agreed that USAID Mikajy would organize future meetings for information exchanges between researchers and park managers in support of improved monitoring of biodiversity and infractions in the MaMaBay landscape. ● Mobile platform module on natural resource management The “Allo Mikajy" platform is operational and consists of: (1) a hotline alert system, which enables people to report violations, infraction and other concerns in the Menabe Antimena and MaMaBay landscape. The hotline is a platform for anyone to anonymously report an infraction or offense. A ticket is then generated, the information is reviewed by Mikajy staff and then reported directly to the DREDD either by email or text. The second portion of the Mikajy Mobile Platfrom is) an information-sharing platform for mobile phones known as Interactive Voice Response (IVR), or 3-2-1. Callers dial the toll- free code, listen to a welcome message, select a location and dialect, and choose a topic of interest. Topics vary from conservation to land tenure and conservation farming, to managing wildfires and biodiversity conservation to climate change and land tenure.

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To make it easier for callers to navigate the platform, USAID Mijaky updated the scripts for the alert and behavior change system this quarter. The next step will be to promote the Allo Mikajy platform to the community in both landscapes and to the various activity partners to increase the number of users. USAID Mikajy will produce communication tools such as poster and flyers that display the Allo Mikajy phone number. Collaboration with local radio stations will also promote the use of the mobile platform through special broadcasts and advertisement.

2.2 Strategic Approach 2: Wealth

Key Result 2.1: Conservation-friendly private sector investment increased in target areas ● Vanilla and cloves value chains A major milestone for USAID Mikajy this quarter Sustainable Agriculture was Rainforest Alliance certification of five vanilla Network Principles cooperatives, comprising 1,791 cooperative members. The certification (valid for three years) ✓ Effective Planning and confirms that the cooperatives meet all Sustainable Environmental Management Agriculture Network standards, criteria, and Systems principles (see text box). ✓ Ecosystem Conservation The Rainforest Alliance Standard Performance ✓ Wildlife Protection Criteria include two categories, each with a ✓ Water Conservation separate set of rules: 1) critical criteria; and 2) ✓ Fair Treatment and Good continuous improvement criteria. Critical criteria are the baseline criteria that guarantee the certified Working Conditions for farms and producer groups. Continuous Workers improvement criteria are a sequential progression ✓ Occupational Health and Safety of sustainability performance criteria over a six-year ✓ Community Relations period beginning with the first certification audit. ✓ Integrated Crop Management The standard recognizes that sustainability is a process over time, rather than a final or fixed ✓ Soil Management and destination. Conservation ✓ Integrated Waste Management While not all the cooperatives initially met the critical criteria, the members took immediate corrective measures and were subsequently awarded certification in February 2020. The corrective measures taken by cooperative members included: 1. Inspection of all member farmers’ fields identified by the auditor that were previously undeclared; 2. Signing of a contract stating that no pesticides would be used on any fields; and 3. Revision of a waste management plan to ensure all trash was buried and not burned. In mid-February, a USAID Mikajy consultant conducted a post-audit assessment to review the audit report and results with local stakeholders. Additionally, the consultant conducted focus groups, field visits, home visits, and large community meetings to assess cooperative members’ understanding of and compliance with Rainforest Alliance certification standards moving forward (continuous improvement criteria) and general vanilla market trends and to collect suggestions and advice from cooperative members and leaders. Moving forward, RAMEX, Mikajy and Eco-Cert (a third-party partner) will

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY’2020 Q2 P 13/71 conduct ongoing surveillance audits annually to ensure continuous improvement criteria are reached. In the event of non-compliance with the criteria, Rainforest Alliance can withdraw the certificate at any time. In addition to Rainforest Alliance certification, the McCormick spice company and exporter Ramanandraibe Exportation (RAMEX) want to expand into organic certification. Accordingly, RAMEX designed a new training module for organic certification to include the new (organic) criteria. A total of 18 people (including USAID Mikajy and RAMEX agents) participated in a training-of-trainers seminar this quarter. This was followed by a training on organic agricultural methods for 219 cooperative members. ● Sustainable crab and seaweed value chains USAID Mikajy worked this quarter with the company Ocean Farmers to establish a three-year sustainable seaweed action plan. A prospecting mission conducted in November 2019 in the eastern part of Masoala and Mananara identified 11 sites with a total area of 250 ha. Based on the results of this mission, a seaweed farming development plan was drafted this quarter that includes a phase one priority area of 147 ha with approximately 130 farmers. As a first step Mikajy supported an extensive training provided by Ocean Farmers on seaweed farming for six candidates (three from Maroantsetra and three from Antalaha). The training took place in Tulear between March 12 and April 4, 2020. These technicians will subsequently act as supervisor technicians for seaweed farming in MaMaBay. USAID Mikajy began supporting three LMMAs to restructure into an association and/or cooperative and build market linkages in the rural communes of Anandrivola, and 20 additional LMMAs in four rural communes in Mananara district. USAID Mikajy is considering the possibility of linking with Compagnie de Pèche Frigorifique de Tuléar (COPEFRITO) and Ocean Farmers, with a view to marketing other marine products such as lobster, fish, shrimp, and sea cucumber.

Key Result 2.2: Communities have skills, resources, and certifications to participate in sustainable value chains ● Traceability and certification To obtain Rainforest Alliance certification, all producers who are members of the Ankofabe-Voloina- Ambinanitelo-Mahalevona (AVAMA) cooperative union and the RAMEX agency must comply with 119 criteria required by the Sustainable Agricultural Standard. These 119 criteria must be completed as follows: 37 critical criteria to be completed for the certification year, and 82 continuous improvement criteria to be completed during surveillance audits for the coming years. These continuous improvements are divided into three levels: C-B-A. Currently, the cooperatives are at level C for the 2019–2021 period. During this period, the cooperatives will need to achieve 50 percent of the criteria, with the remaining 50 percent to be completed at level B. As part of the post-audit evaluation, USAID Mikajy also conducted five focus with the four certified cooperatives. This included 15 producer members of the Mahavelona cooperatives, 10 producers from the Liampivoarana cooperative, 32 producers from the Mirary Soa cooperative, and 16 producers from the Kajivola cooperative. These discussions revealed the following challenges: people, not declaring their vanilla plots; lack of waste management plans and the poor quality of toilets and garbage holes; and the handling of chemicals in adjacent rice fields without use of the right protective equipment. Note that these challenges were already identified as continuous improvements and corrective actions that will be addressed and monitored. Climate-smart agriculture With a view to improving farming practices and reducing forest clearing for new agricultural plots, USAID Mikajy, in collaboration with WCS, conducted a training session on dynamic agroforestry for Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY’2020 Q2 P 14/71 cash crops such as vanilla, cloves, and cocoa. The training took place in Voloina, which was chosen because of its accessibility and the existence of a demonstration plot in cocoa agroforestry. The next step will be to select lead farmers whom USAID Mikajy will support to establish demonstration plots for cocoa agroforestry. ● Leadership in cooperatives The Liam-pivoarana and Mirary Soa cooperatives re-elected their board members this quarter with voting delegated to the CCZ representatives. The elections were made by direct suffrage (one member, one vote) and respected the quorum (20 participants out of 24 for Liam-pivoarana and 24 participants out of 30 for Mirary Soa). The four vanilla cooperatives of Union Avama (Mirary Soa, Liam-pivoarana, Kajivola, and Mahavelona) and the two new cooperatives (Mevasoa in CR Anjahana and Fitaratra in CR Antsirabe Sahatany) also re-elected their leaders for the Coordination Committee Zones (CCZs) this quarter. These individuals will form the management committees at the level of each cooperative. The next step is to finalize the list of producers within each cooperative to facilitate the monitoring of members and evaluate their participation in cooperative events. ● VSLAs To enhance the resilience of target communities in the face of climatic hazards and strengthen the financial education of households to mitigate the impacts of the lean season, USAID Mikajy continues to establish and support VSLA groups. This quarter, the team supported establishment and training of 11 new VSLA groups at the MaMaBay landscape level (eight in Makira and three in Masoala). In all, 254 new members (the majority of which were women) participated in these trainings. Trainings are intended to help communities understand the importance of community savings, credit, and investment. During the awareness and training sessions, USAID Mikajy team members observed that the original VSLA groups greatly influenced future VSLA members. Indeed, the producers themselves appear to be the best ambassadors to educate others. To support VSLAs in revenue-generating activities, USAID Mikajy established a collaboration between VSLA groups, RAMEX, and OTIV, a local microfinance institution. Linking VSLAs to microfinance represents an opportunity to access three types of special loans to support a group or an individual activity—but always on behalf of VSLA. Importantly, OTIV can also grant advances for producers, repayable during the vanilla harvest season in July and with a competitive interest rate of four percent. The Voloina VSLAs will be the first to benefit from this collaboration, with eight out of the nine VSLAs sensitized on the subject. The next step in Q3 will be to support the VSLAs in drafting a mini-project proposal and sign a collaboration agreement with OTIV.

Key Result 2.3: Improved Income for Target Communities ● New conservation-friendly cooperatives During Q2, two vanilla and clove cooperatives were established in Antsirabe Sahatany and Anjahana. The two cooperatives are spin-offs from two preexisting cooperatives (Liam-pivoarana and Mahavelona; see tables below). Table 3: Cooperative Liam-pivoarana

Cooperative Name Commune(s) Before Liampivoarana Antsirabe Sahatany and Ankofabe Updated Liampivoarana Antsirabe Sahatany and Ankofabe Fitaratra (new)

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Table 4: Cooperative Mahavelona

Cooperative Name Commune(s) Before Mahavelona Mahalevona and Anjahana Updated Mahavelona Mevasoa (new) Table 5: Cooperative Voloina

Cooperative Name Commune(s) Before(no change) Mirary Soa Voloina Table 6: Cooperative Ambinanitelo

Cooperative Name Commune(s) Before (no change) Kajivola Ambinanitelo In addition, two other new cooperatives will be established in Morafeno and Antakotako. The latter will only be composed of COBAs, and the cooperative will pay part of the profits to the COBA structure to fund patrol activities, firefighting, and restoration. The next step will be the election of board members. ● Conservation-friendly enterprises within COBAs After awareness-raising among COBA members located in Fizon and Anjiahely, the members agreed this quarter to be part of local cooperatives by forming an environmental committee. These include the VOI Fizono for the Mahavelona cooperative and VOI Anjiahely for the cooperative Fitaratra. To this end, the COBAs have set up a nursery for fruit and forest trees and market gardens and established a VSLA. The production of young plants will facilitate supply for reforestation actions, and the sale of those plants will allow the groups to support patrol actions. Market gardening, on the other hand, will improve nutrition. The establishment of VSLA groups, on the other hand, will strengthen the economic resilience of members, especially during lean periods. Note that COBA members are also vanilla and clove producers, hence this integration of COBA memberships within cooperatives. USAID Mikajy also plans to help the Mirary Soa cooperative in the rural commune of Voloina to integrate COBA priorities into the coop’s activities as Ambodihazomamy COBA members join the cooperative In addition, 254 members of the eight COBAs of Morafeno and Antakotako are in favor of creating a cooperative structure through which they can generate profits while contributing to conservation. Accordingly, after consultation with the COBAs and local representatives from the Fokontany and Tangalamena, the groups established producer organizations (POs) that will represent each PO at future cooperative meetings. The next step is the election of board members at the cooperative level.

Key Result 2.4: Communities and Private Sector Adopt and Implement Conservation-Friendly Practices USAID Mikajy is planning to launch a competition for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) to promote conservation-friendly businesses next quarter.

2.3 Strategic Approach 3: Resilient Communities

Key Result 3.1: Stakeholders adopt an integrated approach to conservation. ● Synergy between USAID Mikajy and other programs USAID Mikajy finalized partnership agreements for the implementation of mutual health activities with two cooperatives in MaMaBay (Mirarisoa and Liampivoarana) this quarter.

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The results are as follows: ● A partnership agreement between the Centre de Base de Santé in Voloina and the Mirarisoa cooperative and members of Tahiry ho an’ny Fahasalamana (THF) health mutual was signed. ● A partnership agreement between the Centre de Base de Santé II of Ankofabe and the Liampivoarana cooperative was also signed. ● The two agreements were sent to the District Health Service and signed by the Inspector Doctor. The mutual health insurance THF has 453 members who have already obtained medical care from their respective Centre de Base de Santé. ● The agreement for the establishment of mutual health insurance with the Kajivola cooperative has been signed and approved by the Ambinanitelo Centre de Base de Santé and planning for the establishment of mutual health insurance was also developed and signed.

2.4 Strategic Approach 4: Action

Key Result 4.1: Land and seascape strategies to strengthen land and resource tenure developed based on shared vision ● Shared vision analysis USAID Mikajy carried out an analysis of the shared vision results and existing spatial planning documents in the MaMaBay landscape this quarter. Documents examined included development and management plans (Plans d’Aménagement et de Gestion, or PAGs) for Masoala and Makira parks and the concerted fisheries management plan (PACP) for Antongil Bay. The team used the results of these analyses to facilitate a discussion during co-management workshops held in Antalaha and Maroantsetra. For MaMaBay, the analyses focused on the four themes listed in Table 7.

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Table 7: MaMaBay Shared Vision Themes and Analysis

Themes Analysis Results 1. Community Community participation in the planning process for natural resource management involvement in the has been weak or even non-existent. The vision sharing workshops USAID Mikajy shared vision held in the eight municipalities of the Maroantsetra district have “awakened” community participation. 2. Community involvement in Community involvement in conservation focuses on renewable natural resource conservation management and establishment of various community structures such as the VOI, APGL/LMMA, CLP, Comité de Contrôle et de Surveillance, VOI Platform, Federation of VOI, and the Federation of Fishermen. The Federation of VOIs represents 75 VOIs from Makira in the Makira Park Monitoring Committee, and the Masoala Park COSAP co-management structure mainly represents CLPs. 3. Sustainable coastal fisheries In partnership with WCS and the Analanjirofo Region, a sustainable fisheries in the management of platform was developed in 2008 for the marine and coastal areas of Antongil Bay. It Antongil Bay ensures the role of mediator in the resolution of conflicts between the actors at the level of Antongil Bay and contributes to the achievement of the objectives fixed in the PACP, in particular, research and mobilization of related technical and financial means. 4. COSAP’s role in respecting COSAP is part of the co-management structure of Masoala Park. Its members are Masoala Park limits mainly CLPs.

● Role of target communities in land and resource tenure rights Analysis of the co-management systems across managers,TGRNs and LMMAs revealed the results presented below in Table 8. Table 8: Co-Management Themes, Analysis and Recommendations

Themes Analysis Results Current co-management situation ● Ineffective involvement of grassroots communities. for Makira and Masoala ● Lack of exposure and power of COBAs. ● Lack of support from Protected Area Managers. ● Weak responsibility of local authorities (Commune and Fokontany) in the management of natural resources. ● Lack of coordination between deconcentrated technical services that do not promote good management of resources. Blocking factors for better co- At the community level: management ● Lack of representation of the local population in COBAs. ● Management transfer contracts that have expired (or will soon do so). ● Establishment of COBAs without real involvement of the local population. ● Ineffective COBA supervision, monitoring, and follow-up and management transfers put in place. ● Lack of technical and financial means for implementation of development and management plans. At the local authority level (Commune and Fokontany):

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● Lack of collaboration, communication, and coordination between managers and local authorities, especially with COBAs. ● Lack of knowledge regarding natural resource management, laws, and regulations governing the management and sustainable use of natural resources and land, as well as PA framework documents and management transfers. ● Local authorities unable to fulfil roles and responsibilities vis-à-vis the management of natural resources and land. At the technical services level: ● Lack of coordination and collaboration between services. ● Lack of a clear plan or roadmap for collaboration and coordination of actions related to natural resource and land co-management. ● Gaps in communication between services. ● Lack of technical and financial resources for implementation of activities. ● Corruption in technical services

Recommendations Strengthening of local community ● Increase the recognition of VOI/LMMA within their communities. involvement in co-management ● Promote development activities for the benefit of communities managing natural resources to increase their motivation. ● Give real power and skills to COBAs in the management of natural resources. ● Sensitization of the local population to adhere to the VOI and LMMA in collaboration with the local authorities and the deconcentrated technical services concerned. ● Reinforcement of technical and organizational capacity of the VOI/LMMA so that they can be actors really engaged in co- management, ● Strengthening of the overall framework of the VOI/LMMA by the two promoters of the PAs including MNP and WCS.

Strengthening of municipality ● Capacity building of local authorities, particularly their roles in involvement in co-management sustainable management of natural resources and land. ● Strengthen the capacity of the municipalities with regard to the co- management of PAs and prepare/update documents explaining the roles and responsibilities of the municipalities and fokontany. ● Support to communes in the setting up of a service/resource person in charge of natural resource management and development with the support of stakeholders including PA Managers. ● Organization of meetings for the exchange and sharing of information at the municipal level to improve the collaboration of local authorities and COBAs. ● Sensitization and education of local authorities on land management and land laws.

Interdependence of technical ● Improvement of the coordination of the actions of the respective services concerned with co- technical services. management ● Support fight against corruption within the technical services to improve their effective participation in co-management and avoid contradictory actions. ● Explicitly clarify the roles and responsibilities of each of the technical services concerned in co-management. ● Clarify the complementarity and interdependence of each technical service in co-management. Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY’2020 Q2 P 19/71

● Search for technical and financial support for the implementation of actions in co-management.

These results were confirmed by presentations made by representatives from the MEDD; DREDDs; Regional Directorates of Agriculture, Farming, and Fisheries (DRAEPs); and Directors of the Parks, as well as by commissions that developed the strategy for updating co-management documents for Makira and Masoala parks, TGRNs, and LMMAs. The proposed actions will be the subject of USAID Mikajy capacity building themes for these structures for the next quarter.

Key Result 4.2: Land and seascape plans for strengthened land and resource tenure implemented ● Land and resource tenure security In October 2019 USAID Mikajy signed a subcontract with GeoSystems to conduct socio-land surveys and complete a PLOF to achieve communal land security for at least 2,500 inhabitants in the rural municipality of Voloina (Maroantsetra District). The following results were achieved this quarter toward securing communal land tenure: ● 1,771 individual plots were the subject of socio-land surveys and plot tracing; ● The plots included 2,968 beneficiaries, including spouses and heirs. For the municipality of Voloina, 46 percent of the land is classified as “private state land” (or Domaine Prive de l’Etat) and 49 percent is non-titled private property (or Propriétés Privées Non Titrées).

● During the census the legal representatives of each household (totaling 1,307 persons) signed a letter of commitment to defend the protected areas and work for conservation. Residents in Voloina participate in plot census and mapping. Credit: GeoSystems. ● The Ministry of Regional Planning and Public Works validated the PLOF.

● The team conducted a restitution of the PLOF results and socio-land surveys in Voloina (and developed an action plan to establish a municipal land tenure office. This action plan is aligned with the action plan resulting from the shared vision process for Antongil Bay previously developed.

2.5 Strategic Approach 5: Power

Key Result 5.2: Accountability of the judicial system and community-based structures strengthened ● Advocate and enforce environmental laws Following a USAID Hay Tao training-of-trainers workshop, USAID Mikajy conducted three training sessions in Marofinaritra (Antalaha), Mahalevona, and Mananara. Participants included COBAs, LMMAs, and local surveillance and Comites de Contrôle et de Surveillance. The trainings focused on techniques and processes for reporting environmental crimes to the appropriate authorities including the OPJ, Center de

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Surveillance de la Pêche, and the Tribunal. USAID Mikajy will continue providing training on the reporting of environmental crimes for OPJs during Q3 (in Maroantsetra and Antalaha) in collaboration with USAID Hay Tao.

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3. MENABE IMPLEMENTATION

3.1 Strategic Approach 1: Nature

Key Result 1.1: Target actors have improved capacity for natural resource management and protected area management ● Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool USAID Mikajy evaluated the management effectiveness of four protected areas this quarter in Menabe using the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT). This is the second assessment supported by USAID Mikajy, with mixed results as described below. Table 9: Menabe Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool Scores, 2020

Protected Area Manager METT 2019 METT 2020 Menabe Antimena Fanamby 47% 54% Ambondrobe Durrell Wildlife Conservation 48% 55% Trust Baobab Alley Fanamby 69% 62% Kirindy Mite Madagascar National Park 73% 73%

o For Menabe Antimena, USAID Mikajy initiated support for this protected area in 2019, and the impact is visible with an improvement in management of seven percent. Improvements are attributable to the implementation of community patrols and surveillance, firefighting, and strengthening of PA governance by promoting the opinions of Menabe Antimena stakeholders around a shared vision for land and natural resource management. o For Ambondrobe, USAID Mikajy supported the strengthening of SMART patrols, which improved conservation management by seven percent. o For Baobab Alley, the smallest protected area but a site frequently visited by tourists, there was a decline in the METT score by seven percent. This is attributable to a lack of trained staff and weak governance, both of which require immediate attention by Fanamby to strengthen the management of this area. o For Kirindy Mite, USAID Mikajy supported community patrols, as well as mangrove conservation and marine value chains. While Kirindy Mite had the highest overall score in the landscape, the score did not change between 2019 and 2020, suggesting that more needs to be done to improve management effectiveness.

● SMART Patrols In Menabe Antimena, 74 patrollers from 11 villages conducted 359 man-days of patrols this quarter. During this time, 480 violations were noted and reported, including 157 illegal clearings (140 of which were for planting corn and peanuts), 87 fires, 70 illegal firewood-cutting incidents, and 16 illegal camps and nine people circulating illegally. In addition, in the mangroves of Menabe Antimena, 30 polisin’ala (local vigilance committee members) received joint training on the use of the SMART patrol system. In Ambondrobe, 39 patrollers from four villages completed a total of 95 patrol days. The groups recorded a total of 83 violations, primarily related to illegal logging and hunting. In March patrollers started using the SMART system following the training and provision of equipment by USAID Mikajy.

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A summary of the infractions recorded is provided in Table 10. The patrol data were used to create an analysis of infraction hotpots and joint missions were subsequently organized between the local authorities (Judicial Police Officers and the DREDD) and USAID Mikajy grantees Durrell and Fanamby. In addition, information from SMART patrols is now being shared with local authorities and the DREDD organized awareness raising meetings with local villagers in areas with high infraction rates. Table 10: Summary of Violations Observed by Participatory Patrols in Menabe Number of Violations Observed

Ambondrobe Menabe Antimena Clearing 157 Logging 36 70 Fire 9 87 Illegal hunting (birds) 16 Camping 1 16 Illegal planting 4 140 Illegal circulation 17 9 Charcoal production 1 Total 83 480

● PAP Menabe During this quarter the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries and the Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture gave official authorization for the coordination of a fisheries management plan (PAP) for Menabe, in coordination with the DRAEP, WWF, Blue Ventures, and Mihari. The PAP includes a 12-step process involving the collaboration of all these key actors. USAID Mikajy is currently drafting terms of reference to support this process for implementation in Q3.

Key Result 1.2: Improved coordination and engagement among key actors ● Active and passive restoration Through collaboration with grantees Kew Madagascar Conservation Center and the youth conservation group Fo Sarotiny amin’ny Ala (FOSA), eight village nurseries produced 22,435 young plants this quarter. The plants were transported and planted (see photo) in 18.65 ha of forest that had been previously cleared in and around the Menabe Antimena protected area (11.8 ha in the core zone and 6.85 ha on the periphery). In order to facilitate natural regeneration, 100 ha of cleared areas within the core was also identified for passive restoration. To ensure long-term monitoring of these restoration efforts, a Local Restoration Photo Credit: Kew Madagascar. Monitoring Committee was created by USAID Mikajy at the community level. In addition, USAID Mikajy grantee Voahary raised awareness about the importance of restoration in eight villages engaged in restoration efforts. A total of 371 individuals were sensitized in Lambokely, Tanambao, Mahasoa, Tanambazaha, Ampihamy, Tanandava, Beroboka Nord, and Belamoty. Finally, USAID Mikajy and USFS signed an LOI this quarter to establish two nurseries for mangrove restoration south of Morondava, in two villages near Belo sur Mer. The objective is to set up model

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY’2020 Q2 P 23/71 nurseries that USAID Mikajy will be able to scale up in other coastal villages. A total of 20 hectares of mangroves is expected to be restored. Unfortunately, due to COVID-19 travel restrictions, USGS was unable to conduct a scoping mission as planned at the end of the quarter. ● Firefighting control During Q2, Fanamby trained 284 community members in active firefighting. In addition, ten local firefighting management committees were created in ten villages, and 50 village agents were equipped with firefighting equipment. In addition, five agents were trained on SMART patrol and satellite fire monitoring via MODIS. The SMART patrol aims to strengthen biodiversity conservation by reducing the impact of illegal extraction and trade of natural resources, supporting law enforcement related to environmental infractions, and strengthening the overall management of protected areas. The MODIS/GLAD satellite provides real- time data on fire points in Menabe Antimena PA, enabling stakeholders to take the necessary measures to verify, control, and extinguish the fires as soon as possible. Figure 1 shows the reduction in fires using MODIS satellite imagery this quarter in Menabe Antimena. The number of fires was exceptionally high in Kirindy, Mandroatsy, and Atanandava at the beginning of January. However, the trend clearly declines in all three areas throughout the rest of the quarter. It should be noted this quarter is the low season for active firefighting, with the high season for firefighting occurring between June and December. Nonetheless, USAID Mikajy anticipates a reduction in fires in Q3 and Q4 as compared to 2019. Figure 1: Fires recorded in Q2 by MODIS system in Menabe Antimena

Number of fires recorded in Menabe Antimena January -March 2020 4000

3000

2000

1000

0 1e semaine 2e semaine 3e semaine 4e semaine

Janvier Fevrier Mars

In addition, Durrell conducted community outreach on firefighting and zoning rules in PAs in Ambondrobe. This awareness-raising action reached 102 people, including 36 men and 66 women.

Key Result 1.3: Information for decision-making is available and better used for NRM With support from USAID Mikajy, Durrell provided four smartphones for the Menabe Antimena and Ambondrobe community patrol officers (Komity Miaro ny Ala [KMMFA]). For Ambondrobe in particular, this is the first time that patrollers have used these powerful tools. The information collected using this equipment will be shared with the SMART Patrol committee, which was created by DREDD Menabe to facilitate the centralization and exchange of SMART data using best practices. The SMART Patrol committee currently includes the DREDD, USAID Mikajy, Fanamby, Durrell, WWF, and MNP, and will later include Blue Ventures.

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3.2 Strategic Approach 2: Wealth

Key Result 2.1: Conservation-friendly private sector investment increased in target areas ● Sustainable crab and seaweed value chains The development of sustainable crab value chains was delayed this quarter due to a delay in issuing new permits for domestic and international harvesting. USAID Mikajy, with the support of USAID Hay Tao, contacted the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries and the General Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture to advocate for the issuance of new permits; however, the matter is still pending. In the interim, USAID Mikajy supported producers by connecting them with the regional market (including providing lists of regional collectors) and facilitating the relationship between fishermen and collectors. Currently, 397 crab fishermen in four villages between Morondava and Belo sur Mer have benefitted from this connection with the market. With regard to the algae sector, USAID Mikajy supported obtaining permits for the cultivation and exploitation of algae at the level of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries. Associations composed of 80 seaweed farmers in four villages south of Menabe are now in contact with Ocean Farmers and will be supported technically by Blue Ventures. ● Maize and peanut value chains For maize and peanut value chains, eight lead farmers are currently piloting demonstration plots for conservation agriculture. While waiting for their crops to be harvested, USAID Mikajy raised awareness to facilitate the sale of products including creating three organizational collection points in Marofandilia and Lambokely. The intent is for these producer organizations to gradually form into cooperatives. ● Alternative value chains With respect to alternative income-generating activities, USAID Mikajy provided technical training to six groups (30 women) practicing market gardening in the villages of Marofandilia and Lambokely, and the activity is preparing a training module for chicken farming for nine groups of farmers. Furthermore, 400 farmers began cultivating yams this quarter. Yams are, a climate resilient food staple that is also a critical food alternative during lean periods and a source of income.

Key Result 2.2: Communities have skills, resources, and certifications to participate in sustainable value chains ● Traceability and certification USAID Hay Tao is supporting USAID Mikajy to identify and support traceability options for sustainable maize and peanut around the Menabe Antimena Protected Area. A consultancy report is expected at the start of Q3. ● Climate-smart agriculture As mentioned above, efforts to implement conservation agriculture continued this quarter with eight lead farmers and eight assistants continuing to manage demonstration plots. Results from the first harvest will be available in Q3, and scaling will take place next year, demonstrating the advantage of conservation agriculture in comparison to traditional and destructive agriculture. USAID Mikajy’s target will be 625 farmers practicing conservation agriculture. In addition, agroforestry actions have been implemented with the Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre by planting trees alongside nitrogen-fixing crops in 10 hectares dedicated for agroforestry. This is

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY’2020 Q2 P 25/71 intended to benefit 400 villagers living in eight villages surrounding Menabe Antimena. This system practices a rotating crop cycle that combines fruit trees (papaya, orange), Moringa oelifera (ananambo), and subsistence crops like maize and peanuts.

3.3 Strategic Approach 3: Resilient Communities

Key Result 3.1: Stakeholders adopt an integrated approach to conservation Two major events marked the quarter for SA3: 1. USAID Mikajy participated in a presentation by the International Organization for Migration’s (IOM) Responding to Threats to Peace and Social Cohesion Linked to Uncontrolled Migration (REAP) Project to the Menabe Antimena Task Force in Antananarivo. The REAP project (jointly implemented with the United Nations Development Program) aims to reduce social tensions and conflicts resulting from uncontrolled migration. REAP works in close collaboration with regional authorities and technical services (such as DRAEP, DREDD) on the voluntary return and integration of migrants. The project also observes migratory flow data and patterns, which is used to support decision makers and stakeholders in the region of departure and receipt. USAID Mikajy subsequently met with REAP to identify how to reduce pressures by migrants on natural resources in Menabe, including by supporting sustainable socio-economic integration of Androy migrants. A first meeting took place at the beginning of March 2020. A second meeting will be scheduled in Q3 to discuss in depth the path of collaboration between the two parties and to define in what way REAP project interventions can complement and leverage USAID Mikajy objectives and conservation of the Menabe protected areas.

2. USFS and USAID Mikajy signed an Letter of Intent this quarter to support restoration and management of mangrove forests in Belo sur Mer in the Menabe landscape. USFS’s contributions include: (i) providing technical expertise in research, management and governance, and mangrove restoration; (ii) coordinating with USAID Hay Tao on the design of a payment for environmental services mechanism adapted to the mangrove ecosystem; (iii) providing technical assistance in forest fire assessments - including strategies for firefighting/management.; and (iv) sharing the tools and data collected as part of technical exchange visits with USAID Mikajy for wider application and replication. The intervention sites include seven villages bordering Belo sur Mer: Andranolava, Andika sur Mer, Antsatsabo, Betania, Lovobe, Andika sur Mer, and Ankevo sur Mer.

3.4 Strategic Approach 4: Action

Key Result 4.1: Land and seascape strategies to strengthen land and resource tenure developed based on shared vision ● Role of target communities in land and resource tenure rights USAID Mikajy completed three co-management workshops related to the four protected areas in the Menabe landscape (Menabe Antimena, Ambondrobe, Kirindy Mite, and Baobab Alley) this quarter. Participants included 145 individuals from COBAs, Services Techniques Deconcentres (STDs), Collectivites Territoriales Decentralisees (CTDs), civil society, and the private sector. During the workshops, participants developed strategies to strengthen the role of target communities in land rights and the protection of natural resources, including: o Clarifying the PAs’ current co-management mechanism status and the distribution of roles and responsibilities of managers and co-managers;

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o Clarifying the implication, roles, and responsibilities of decentralized local authorities (including how the fokontany are to be considered); and o Revitalizing and/or integrating the local community, COBAs, municipal civil society platforms, and COSAPs as active participants in PA co-management. The final output is a strategy document for community management (validated by the actors concerned).

Key Result 4.2: Land and seascape plans for strengthened land and resource tenure implemented ● Land and resource tenure security In order to promote the integration of land rights and natural resource management, USAID Mikajy held a workshop on the integration of land rights and natural resource management and communal planning schemes (Schéma d’Aménagement Communaux, or SACs) this quarter. A total of 17 people from the STD, CTD, COBA, and civil society, and managers of the Menabe protected areas participated. The workshop concluded the following: o PA managers should be more involved in developing SACs in the municipalities concerned. o For Category II Protected Areas (such as Kirindy Mite), the plots to be secured for the communities will be non-titled private properties outside the boundaries of the PAs and their protection zones. This does not prevent the demarcation of the 2.5 km protection zone boundaries around PAs. o Land security for municipalities affected by Category II Protected Areas involves the establishment of a land tenure office and collaboration with domain and topography services for the realization of PLOF. The PLOF will be the basic tool of any form of land security for the communities. For example, the land tenure office may issue land certificates for private, non- titled land located 2.5 km from the Kirindy Mite protected area border. o For municipalities within Category V Protected Areas (such as Menabe Antimena), security must wait for the zoning that will be delimited when PAGs are updated. The form of land security will be the development of Controlled Occupation Zones and Sustainable Use Zones with well- defined specifications and agreed on by the PA Manager. For Q3, USAID Mikajy will support the development of SACs for the four municipalities affected by the Kirindy Mite PA (Andranopasy, Befasy, Soaserana, and Belo sur Mer). The Projet d’Appui au Developpement de Menabe et Melaky will complement this by supporting the development of a Regional Land Planning Scheme for SACs in ten municipalities outside the areas affected by USAID Mikajy.

3.5 Strategic Approach 5: Power

Key Result 5.1: Key actors in community-based land tenure and NRM strengthened and empowered to advocate and enforce environmental laws ● Organizational Capacity Assessment Tool (OCAT) Last quarter, USAID Mikajy performed organizational capacity assessments of 32 grassroots organizations in Menabe. This quarter, the team analyzed the OCAT results and used them to develop specific training plans. Capacity building themes are linked to organizational development, technical development, financial management, land and natural resource governance, and advocacy techniques. USAID Mikajy had also planned to provide capacity building related to the identified themes between March and May 2020, but this was postponed due to COVID-19.

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Key Result 5.2: Accountability of the judicial system and community-based structures strengthened ● Reporting of environmental crimes As part of the collaboration between USAID Hay Tao and USAID Mikajy to build the capacity of civil society organizations, Mikajy supported the FIVE Menabe civil society platform this quarter to facilitate a training workshop to support communities and civil society in their efforts to advocate against and report on environmental crimes at the communal level.

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4. CROSSCUTTING EFFORTS

4.1 Gender and Youth

MaMaBay Landscape: ● Eleven new VSLA groups were established in MaMaBay this quarter (eight in Makira and three in Masoala). Two hundred and fifty-four new female members were able to participate in training meetings linked to these new organizations. ● The results of the PLOF process in Voloina indicated that 31 percent of the inventoried plots belong to women. After the intervention by Mikajy, women landowners report feeling both more secure (with respect to land tenure) and more highly regarded by men. They also report being more likely to be able to take care of their land. These findings are anticipated to lead to the improved consideration of women’s land tenure security. USAID Mikajy will conduct follow-up surveys in Q4 to determine if and how women’s perception of their land tenure security is changing. Menabe Landscape: ● USAID Hay Tao supported USAID Mikajy to integrate a gender approach in all field interventions. After the training, USAID Hay Tao provided USAID Mikajy with a guide to integrating gender and young people into the activity’s Strategic Approaches. ● USAID Mikajy grantee Kew mobilized approximately 100 youth (including 43 young women) from FOSA to restore dry forests. In each village where the nurseries are located, a youth member from FOSA trains three village community agents in nursery activities. ● USAID Mikajy provided technical support and training on market gardening to 30 women from the Marofandilia and Lambokely communities on market gardening. These women are starting their activities on market gardening now in order to increase their families’ incomes and provide more food.

4.2 Technology

MaMaBay Landscape: ● Within the framework of collaboration with managers from the protected areas of the MaMaBay landscape, USAID Mikajy provided equipment to MNP to improve patrol activity in Masoala. This included 12 smartphones, 20 GPS units, and 24 power banks. ● Makira Park will use the Google Earth Engine as a tool to analyze forest cover in the MaMaBay landscape. Menabe Landscape: ● USAID Mikajy and Viamo are finalizing new tools for use in the two landscapes for the toll-free number (033 44 800 35). This tool will be used to report environmental crimes happening in the two landscapes. This number is also used to disseminate information/awareness related to the environment, climate change, and conservation-friendly agriculture among other topics. ● Community patrols in the dry forest supervised by Durrell and Fanamby are now using smartphones with the cybertracker application (SMART Patrol). The information collected is standardized and recorded in a single centralized database at the Menabe Regional Directorate for the Environment and Sustainable Development. In addition to the dry forests, USAID Mikajy supports community patrols in the mangrove areas of North Menabe (an area managed by WWF) by providing them with tools and training on the SMART system. In southern Menabe, the activity is in the process of Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY’2020 Q2 P 29/71

identifying the type of support that should be provided to the communities living in the peripheral areas of Kirindy Mite, as well as in the mangrove areas of southern Menabe.

4.3 Global Climate Change

MaMaBay Landscape: ● USAID Mikajy participated in the opening of the 2020 national reforestation campaign in the Analanjirofo region of Maroantsetra District and the SAVA region in Sambava District. USAID Mikajy distributed 353 flyers regarding climate change linking reforestation (224 flyers were distributed in Maroantsetra, and 129 in Sambava). Menabe Landscape: ● As mentioned earlier, USAID Mikajy continues to support the practice of conservation agriculture in the dry forests of Menabe as a means of building climate change resiliency. Eight lead farmers have established demonstration plots adapted for the arid zones of Madagascar. ● Each month, USAID Mikajy, in collaboration with the Regional Department of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries, disseminates climate information and predictions related to temperature, rainfall, storms, and other climate data received from the national weather services. The information is shared with the farmers and fishers so they may adapt their activities and schedules to be more climate resilient. ● During this quarter, the team of consultants from the United States Department of the Interior International Technical Assistance Program (DOI-ITAP) conducted a climate change impact assessment on the environment, human development (agriculture, fisheries), and community health. The results will help USAID Mikajy and other stakeholders to correct/adapt their strategies action plans and future interventions to be more climate resilient.

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5. COLLABORATION AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING

5.1 Collaboration with USAID Hay Tao

USAID Mikajy participated in and/or collaborated with USAID Hay Tao on the following workshops this quarter: ● Roundtable with OPJs and Officier de Police Judiciaire Speciale.

● A national multi-stakeholder dialogue on dry forests in Menabe Antimena informed decision-makers about the problems experienced in Menabe Antimena and agreed upon resolutions to address these concerns. These resolutions took into account the recommendations of the communities as defined during the various shared vision workshops previously organized by Mikajy.

● Integration of a gender approach into USAID Mikajy’s Strategic Approaches including a meeting with Hay Tao to discuss how to incorporate gender and youth themes in the promotion of livelihoods and value chains. ● Plot census in the villages in and around Menabe Antimena – Hay Tao conducted a plot census around Menabe Antimena and Mikajy is awaiting the results in order to address land tenure security for communities living around this PA.

● USAID Mikajy provided inputs to the USAID Hay Tao Private Sector Engagement Strategy document - Based on the results of the study, Mikajy has refined its partnership strategy with private sector actors, and signed MoUs with three private sector entities (Ocean Farmers, Moringa Wave and The BeeKeeper). ● USAID Mikajy provided inputs on the certification and labeling consultancy and a study of maize value chains and participation in the kick-off meeting – This included providing input on the recruitment and launch of the two studies with the aim of better orienting support to the certification of agricultural products at the landscape level, the promotion and labeling of ecotourism sites and support for responsible maize value chains in Menabe. ● GeoCenter GIS training workshop - Mikajy organized meetings on indicator 6.1 with USAID Madagascar, partners (WCS, Fanamby and DW) and Hay Tao (WRI) to take into consideration actions for monitoring biophysical conditions. It was agreed Mikajy would establish a concept note on the methodology, which will be validated and implemented before the end of FY20Q4.

● Regional consultation workshop for the harmonization of TGRN frameworks and tools from January 29 to February 1, 2020, in Maroantsetra. The next step is to develop the MEDD evaluation guides for TGRNs and then use the guides by during the evaluations of TGRNs in Menabe and MaMaBay.

● National workshop on social and conservation entrepreneurship (which validated key elements of national platform and strategy for pilot projects) - USAID Mikajy participated in the reflection process on the promotion of social entrepreneurship and how to integrate these dynamics at the landscape level. ● Menabe fisheries management plan: coordination meeting to discuss needs for consultants, PAP steering committee, NGO roles, rapid resource assessments, and South West Indian Ocean Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY’2020 Q2 P 31/71

Fisheries Project (Phase 2) (SWIOFISH2) contributions As a result, official approval was given to draft the Menabe fisheries management plan (PAP). ● Mikajy partcipated in the « Atelier d’enrichissement des résultats de l’évaluation des mécanismes de gouvernance des droits fonciers côtiers et marins » marine tenure workshop: which discussed preliminary results of coastal and marine land rights governance mechanisms as well as coastal planning. The nextstep is to share an assessment of the current situation and challenges of the governance of coastal and marine land rights. This assessment will also be taken into account while drafting the Menabe PAP.

5.2 Collaboration with other USAID Activities

● Mahefa Miaraka: A MOU was drafted between Mikajy and Mahefa Miaraka to further clarify the roles, responsibilities and collaboration in the Menabe and MaMaBay landscapes. The pilot community health insurance scheme established with two vanilla cooperatives (Mirary Soa and Liam- pivoarana) is now being scaled up to an additional two new cooperatives in MaMaBay, and will continue scaling in FY21.

● USFS: Discussion were held to discuss the pilot restoration activities at two mangrove sites in Menaky and Andranolava. These sites were selected based on the field analysis conducted by USFS the previous quarter. As a result, a Letter of Intent was drafted and signed with the USFS in support of this reforestation activity and signed in early March. The next step will be discussing with USFS how they can provide remote support to the reforestation effort given their inability to travel owing to COVID-019 travel restrictions.

● DOI-ITAP: A field-based assessment of the impact of climate change in USAID-supported activities was conducted including terrestrial and marine environments, human development (agriculture and livestock), and community health. The results will be used to inform USAID Mikajy’s climate risk management plan and interventions.

● Cost-Benefit Analysis: Under LEAP III (the Learning, Evaluation and Analysis Project), USAID Madagascar funded an economic analysis this quarter of the Conservation and Communities Project. Specifically the study examined three interventions under the Mikajy activity, including: a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of conservation farming (CF) of maize and groundnuts; a CBA of Rainforest Alliance (RA) certified vanilla production; and a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of various approaches to conservation and natural resources. The results captured the incremental costs and benefits of the intervention on households, business owners, and other direct beneficiaries, as well as the costs and benefits for the larger regional economy. Also examined was the cost-effectiveness and impact of support Mikajy provides to specific organizations. The results will be used as part of the pause and reflect learning agenda to improve the value, efficacy and impact of Mikajy’s investments and actions.

● Household Baseline Survey: A household baseline survey was conducted this quarter by an independent consulting firm hired by USAID Madagascar. The purpose of the survey was to measure changes over time in livelihoods, health access, knowledge/perceptions of governance, and conservation behaviors as a result of participation in the two USAID activity’s interventions. The information provided by Mikajy served as the basis for the selection of the Communes as intervention areas and for the sampling of households to be surveyed. In return, the results of the survey gave Mikajy an appreciation of the characteristics, livelihoods and commitments of the communities in his intervention areas. Results will also be used to inform the design of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) surveys and will inform the design of future interventions.

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5.3 Collaboration with Government and Other Donors

● Coordination with SWIOFISH2: USAID Mikajy is an active member of a working group comprised of USAID Hay Tao, WCS, and the World Bank-funded SWIOFISH2 concerning the homologation of the dinabe of the Bay of Antongil.

● Coordination with IOM: USAID Mikajy initiated collaboration with IOM this quarter to reinforce the synergies and complementarity of the activity’s interventions with IOM’s sustainable security strategy in the Menabe landscape.

5.4 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL)

In January, USAID Mikajy convened a meeting with USAID to launch the data quality assessment (DQA) process and discuss the results of an internal DQA conducted the previous year. USAID Mikajy was able address 46 recommendations from the internal DQA in order to improve the functionality of the MEL system. In mid-March, USAID conducted a site-based DQA visit in Antananarivo, during which USAID Mikajy presented the MEL system to USAID. In addition to the DQA, USAID Mikajy developed an operational MEL manual this quarter to guide activity staff and partners on MEL procedures. This document provides descriptions of each contractual indicator, the types of activities contributing to the achievement of each indicator, data collection tools, and evidence documents corresponding to each contractual indicator to facilitate understanding and compliance. Other actions undertaken by the MEL team this quarter include instituting monthly meetings with staff and partners to review achievements and progress toward indicator targets. The meetings also serve to verify that data have been correctly recorded in the datasets and evidentiary documentation has been received and archived. In addition, all Terms of Reference and Activity Report templates have been updated to ensure procedural consistency between the work plan, the engagement of activities, and the reporting of MEL data. The MEL team also participated in grants clinics to present the objectives and contractual indicators of USAID Mikajy to potential future grantees. To reinforce these improvements, USAID Mikajy conducted MEL training for technicians and partners (including grantees) at the landscape level.

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6. ADMINISTRATION

6.1 Program Management and Administration

This quarter was marked by several personnel transitions, including the departure of the Senior Grants Manager in early March and the resignation of the Chief of Party in mid-March. At the same time, USAID Mikajy recruited new positions including a Communications Specialist and another Value Chain Trainer in MaMaBay. A summary of human resource changes this quarter is provided below. ● The activity hired a Communications Specialist in Antananarivo on January 7, 2020. ● As part of the extension of USAID Mikajy intervention communes, NCBA CLUSA recruited a field agent and mobilized them to the rural commune Antakotako, Maroantsetra District. ● USAID Mikajy hired an Acting MEL Assistant in MaMaBay on January 29, 2020, when the long-term MEL Assistant went on maternity leave. ● The recruitment process is ongoing for a Grants under Contract Senior Program Manager. ● The recruitment process is ongoing for a Chief of Party. Procurement: ● 12 smartphones, 24 GPS units, and 24 power banks for MNP: USAID Mikajy is waiting for the delivery of the power banks, which has been delayed due to COVID-19. Preparation of the title transfer request is waiting for the delivery of this equipment. ● 1 laptop for DREDD Menabe: Delivery was planned for the end of March 2020 but delayed due to COVID-19. Preparation of the title transfer request is ongoing. ● Equipment for the DREDD Analanjirofo, SAVA and Sofia (preparation of the title transfer request is ongoing): – 3 Blackview model smartphones: Delivery expected in early April 2020. – 3 laptops: Delivery expected in early April 2020. ● Equipment for the Guichet Foncier (GF) in MaMaBay (preparation of the title transfer request is waiting for the delivery of all the equipment): – 3 GPS units (GF in Ivoloina): Delivered at the end of March 2020. – 3 solar panel kits: Delivered on March 5, 2020. – 3 desktop computers – 3 external hard drives – 3 printers: Procurement in process. – 3 inverters: Procurement in process. ● 2 motorbikes for MSIS in Antalaha and NCBA-CLUSA in Andapa: Procurement is in process but delayed due to COVID-19. Administration and Finance: The arrival of COVID-19 at the end of March 2020 brought numerous administrative challenges. Prior to the government’s confinement order, USAID Mikajy developed a COVID-19 contingency plan that identified immediate actions. These included purchasing additional sanitary supplies such as soap and disinfectant gel, identifying members of the COVID-19 Task Force, testing the security telephone tree, and ensuring all health insurance arrangements were up to date. USAID Mikajy purchased additional internet and phone credit for staff who required internet access. On March 20, all USAID Mikajy offices were closed, and staff were directed to work remotely from their homes in accordance with the Madagascar COVID-19 precautions. Beginning on March 23, USAID Mikajy began daily task force conference calls to share status updates from Antananarivo, Maroantsetra, and Morondava and make

Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY’2020 Q2 P 34/71 collective decisions about staff security and activities. Following each call, the team emailed meeting minutes to all activity staff. The Director of Administration and Finance (DAF) also put in place online banking functionality so that salaries and other operational costs could be paid remotely while the DAF and Accountant were working from home.

6.2 List of Staff and Consultants International Travel

Table 11 includes all international staff and consultant travel during this quarter. Table 11: USAID Mikajy International Staff and Consultant Travel, FY20 Q2

Origin – Traveler Name Purpose of the Trip Dates of Travel Destination USAID Mikajy Staff Kevin Price Internal compliance review Burlington – January 10– February Antananarivo 1, 2020 Halae Fuller Meetings with in-country project staff Burlington – February 9– February and key employees and administrative Antananarivo 21, 2020 and financial spot-checks Catherine Picard Acting Chief of Party Burlington – March 3–30, 2020 Antananarivo Consultants Mathew Amato Rainforest Alliance Vanilla Certification Boston – February 17–March 1, Specialist Antananarivo 2020

6.3 Key Communication Activities

Key communications activities in FY20 Q2 included the following: ● USAID Mikajy developed a concept note internally describing the activity’s communication strategy. The document details the different lines of communication within the framework of the activity, such as institutional communication for visibility, communication on activity achievements, and communication for social and behavioral change and communication. With regard to communication in support of social and behavior change, the results of the knowledge, attitude, and perception study (to be completed in Q3) will provide additional information. ● The team produced communication materials to improve the visibility of USAID Mikajy during this period. These included polo shirts and caps for the staff and banners for the visibility of interventions in the field. ● Information sessions and capacity building for grantees included emphasis on communication, branding, and marking. ● USAID Mikajy shared articles on activity achievements with USAID to feed their communication platforms. Topics included conservation celebrations, such as World Wildlife Day and the International Day of Forests.

Table 12: USAID Mikajy Events Planned for the FY20 Q3

Official USAID Event Title Event Type Date involvement proposed Quarterly Progress Report: USAID Mikajy Activity FY’2020 Q2 P 35/71

(Yes or No) MaMaBay: delivery of Land tenure and security Late May/Early Yes equipment and opening of ceremony June 2020 the Land Counter for the municipality of Voloina Commercial linkage Workshop May 2020 Yes workshop between private operators and buyers of corn/peanuts World Environment Day at Celebration with regional June 5, 2020 Menabe and MaMaBay authorities and the various stakeholders (exhibitions, carnival, thematic conferences, mangrove restoration ...)

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7. ANNEXES

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Annex I. Q2 Indicator Performance Tracking Table

This table reports on USAID Mikajy quarterly indicators only; annual indicators will be reported on in the FY20 Annual Report

FY 2023 FY20 FY 2020 Indicator Frequency FY20 Q1 FY20 Q2 Target Notes Cumulative Target (LOA) Indicator 1.1 was replaced 1.1: Number of people that apply improved with standard indicator conservation law enforcement practices as a result Annual 500 1,500 EG.10.2-6 as part of the of USG assistance revised and approved AMELP. (EG.10.2-6) Previous Q1 value was 2,184, 1.2: Number of local people participating in but we registered an planning, management, enforcement for Quarterly 3,282 8,450 11,732 20,000 55,000 additional 1,098 making a improved NRM revised total of 3,282 in Q1. Q1 reported 1.177 persons. This has been corrected to 1,817. In Q1 we were still waiting for the submission of 1.3: Number of people using climate the list of climate resilient information or implementing risk-reducing vanilla producers that actions to improve resilience to climate Quarterly 1,187 2,730 3,917 25,000 60,000 received loans from RAMEX. change as supported by USG assistance Also, there was a late (EG.11-6) registration from Menabe on peoples who used the agricultural calendar on conservation farming. 1.4: Number of information products shared Quarterly 0 1 1 15 48 and disseminated through Mikajy activities 2.1: Value (USD) invested in conservation-friendly Annual $300,000 $1,500,000 enterprises by private sector 2.2: Number of MSMEs, including farmers, engaged Annual 500 2,500 with a private partner through USG assistance 2.3: Value of annual sales of farms and firms Annual $300,000 $4,200,000 receiving USG assistance (EG.3.2-26)

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FY 2023 FY20 FY 2020 Indicator Frequency FY20 Q1 FY20 Q2 Target Notes Cumulative Target (LOA) 2.4: Number of individuals in the agriculture system who have applied improved management practices Annual 2,500 9,000 or technologies with USG assistance (EG.3.2-24) 4.1: Percent of actors that are part of shared vision who have action plans aligned with the NRM and Annual 15% 75% land tenure shared vision 4.2: Number of sustainable financing mechanisms Annual 1 3 developed for conservation 4.3: Number of people with secure tenure rights to land, with legally recognized documentation, and Annual 7,500 40,000 who perceive their rights as secure, as a result of USG assistance (EG 10.4-6) 5.1: Number of forums/events completed with civil society engagement in policy and Quarterly 2 8 10 15 48 tenure rights discussions 5.2: Percent of observed and verbalized offenses Annual 35% 95% that are the subject of a judiciary prosecution 5.3 Number of annual hotline calls reporting on infractions or issues related to conservation or land Annual 100 1,200 use 6.1: Number of ha of biologically significant areas showing improved biophysical conditions as a result Annual 375,445 624,658 of USG assistance (EG.10.2-1) 6.2: Number of ha of biologically significant areas under improved NRM as a result of USG assistance Annual 750,890 1,338,331 (EG 10.2-2) 6.3: Percent of near shore area under sustainable Annual 10% 70% management 6.4: Number of people with improved economic benefits derived from sustainable natural resource Annual 1,000 5,000 management and/or biodiversity conservation as a result of USG assistance (EG 10.2-3) 6.5: Number of innovations supported through USG assistance with demonstrated uptake by the Annual 1 3 public and/or private sector (STIR-11)

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FY 2023 FY20 FY 2020 Indicator Frequency FY20 Q1 FY20 Q2 Target Notes Cumulative Target (LOA) 6.6: Percent improvement in capacity of USAID Mikajy supported CBOs and local government, Annual 30% 80% disaggregated by NRM, LUP, or MSP

Mikajy reported 99 people trained in NRM in FY20 Q1; however based on updated data this quarterly indicator has been revised down to 80 6.7: Number of people trained in sustainable people trained in FY20 Q1. NRM and/or biodiversity conservation Quarterly 99 1,508 1,588 1,900 3,850

(EG.10.2-4)

The 80 people include 58 persons trained on SMART patrolling. and 22 persons participated to training of trainers on firefighting

6.8: Establishment and use of Viamo’s 3-2-1 system Annual 1 1 for information exchange and training

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Annex II. Success Stories

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USAID MIKAJY CONSERVATION & COMMUNITIES PROJECT

MADAGASCAR

SUCCESS STORY Youth Mobilizing to Conserve Biodiversity The dry forests of the Menabe region in western Madagascar are world-renowned for the diversity of their plant and animal species, including many found nowhere else on earth. But in recent years these forests have faced some devastating threats.

Though the forests were officially protected in 2007, “If we do not take responsibility the population around the forests continued to grow as migrants moved north, driven by environmental now, these precious gems of our degradation, poverty, and drought. As human region will disappear forever.” pressure expanded, large sections of the dry forests of Menabe were cleared and burned, primarily to Alfred, Vice-President FOSA grow corn and peanuts. Today, almost half of the Association original dry forests have been destroyed. While an exploding population is responsible for some of the forest destruction, the key to conserving and restoring these forests resides in the local communities. The youth of Menabe are keenly aware of the plight facing their local environment, and they are deeply motivated to do something about it. FOSA brings together approximately one hundred youth volunteers, with a nearly even split of male and female volunteers, from villages surrounding the Menabe Antimena Protected Area. Their primary focus is on reforestation, which they do by collecting seeds and establishing forest nurseries. The groups members have demonstrated their dedication to the cause. Alfred, a Vice-President of FOSA says the group is extremely motivated and dedicated to the cause because, “if we do not take responsibility now, these precious gems of our region will disappear forever.” As part of a grant to Kew Madagascar Conservation Center, USAID Mikajy has been partnering with FOSA since 2020 helping to accelerate the restoration of degraded dry forests surrounding the Menabe Antimena Protected Area.

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USAID MIKAJY CONSERVATION & COMMUNITIES PROJECT

MADAGASCAR

SUCCESS STORY Vanilla Cooperatives Awarded Rainforest Alliance Certification Vanilla is one of the world’s most familiar and popular flavors, yet few people know how, or who, grows this precious spice. The primary source for the world’s river of vanilla-infused delectable treats lies in Madagascar. Approximately 75 percent of the world’s vanilla is grown by farmers in Madagascar’s forests. The global market price for vanilla has fluctuated dramatically in the past few years (from $50 up to a high of $600 a kilogram), but as the price of vanilla soars, so too does the pressure to clear forests to grow more vanilla. This has resulted in extensive forest fragmentation in and around some Madagascar protected areas, many of which are home to endangered species found nowhere else on earth. USAID Mikajy and private sector partners McCormick & Company and Ramanandraibe Exportation (RAMEX), are working directly with farmer cooperatives in north eastern Madagascar to reduce the negative environmental impacts of vanilla production, while simultaneously improving farmer’s incomes and lives. In February 2020, a total of 1,791 vanilla farmers from five cooperatives were officially certified by the Rainforest Alliance. The Rainforest Alliance provides an internationally recognized and respected certification for food producers that meet demanding sustainability standards. The members of these Malagasy farming cooperatives will benefit by this, as they will now receive premium prices for their certified highest-quality vanilla, increasing their incomes. Achieving certification was no small task. The Rainforest Alliance requires compliance with numerous standards related to four critical areas: biodiversity conservation, improved livelihoods and human well- being, natural resource management, and effective planning and farm management systems. The USAID Mikajy team worked closely with RAMEX for over a year to prepare for the Rainforest Alliance audit. Vanilla cooperative members received extensive training on the standards they had to

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meet and how to reduce negative impacts on the surrounding forest. USAID Mikajy and RAMEX also mapped and conducted inspections of farmers’ vanilla fields. Checks were also performed to make sure there was no child or forced labor, no use of chemical products, and all locations had basic sanitary facilities. USAID Mikajy and RAMEX provided technical support for traceability monitoring, data collection, and accompanied producers during vanilla collection. To meet social and livelihoods requirements for the Rainforest Alliance certification, USAID Mikajy helped establish village savings and loans associations (VSLAs) for women whole belonged to the cooperatives. The women received trainings on financial management, accounting, and good governance practices. Lucia, a VSLA treasurer, explains how the association supports its members, “When someone is sick the VSLA helps that person. We use our monthly dues to purchase medicine or to pay for a visit to the doctor’s office. If we did not have the cooperative, we would not have the opportunity to form Rivo, Vanilla Farmer and member of the VSLA.” Rainforest Alliance Certified Now that these groups have achieved the Rainforest Cooperative. Credit: USAID Mikajy Alliance certification the work isn’t over. RAMEX and the cooperatives must show continuous improvement every year to stay certified. The USAID Mikajy team, in partnership with McCormick & Company and RAMEX, will continue working with the farmers and cooperatives to ensure further necessary improvements are made. Although this hard work can be very challenging at times, cooperative members are optimistic about the future.

“It makes me feel part of the community,” says Rivo, a farmer. “The main advantage of the cooperative is the honest transaction when selling my vanilla. There are no issues and I can trust the partners.”

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Annex III: Grants Under Contract

Table III-1: Current Grants Under Implementation (as of March 30, 2020)

Title of Grant Grantee Dates Amount (MGA) Development and implementation of a September 2019 – firefighting strategy in Menabe Antimena FANAMBY 485 261 671,00 August 2020 Protected Area and Menabe Landscape

Enhancing village patrols to significantly December 2019 – reduce deforestation in Menabe Antimena DURRELL 457 670 792,00 December 2020 and Ambondrobe Protected Area Natural capital restoration for conservation January 2020 – August and livelihoods in the Menabe-Antimena KEW 337 616 323,00 2021 Protected Area, Madagascar Project for the ecological restoration of the Lambokely and Beroboka North Forests in symbiosis with the community while February 17, 2020 – developing alternative economic activities VOAHARY 314 749 414,00 August 16, 2020 that are sustainable and respectful of the environment according to an effective governance policy

During this second quarter of FY20, two grant agreements were awarded to Kew Madagascar Conservation Center and Voahary in support of restoration and reforestation with local communities in and around the Menabe Antimena protected areas. The primary accomplishments achieved this quarter for grants under contract are summarized below. Fanamby: A total of 268 people participated in Fanamby’s interventions in firefighting during the quarter. These activities led to a clear reduction in the number of fires in the protected area, increased participation in firefighting and increased community members’ general knowledge of the dangers of fire and the current condition of the Protected Area. Continued emphasis on improving engagement with local communities, including local development, will be a focus for next quarter. Durrell: This quarter, Durrell implemented numerous patrol and surveillance activities, as well as training and awareness-raising events. This included: 283 people who engaged in patrols (197 Patrol agents in Aire Protegee Menabe Antimena [APMA], 86 people Patrol agents in Ambondrobe), 172 people received training on patrols and surveillance (99 people in the APMA and 73 people in Ambondrobe), and 185 people participated in awareness sessions in Ambondrobe. During these activities, there was a marked improvement in the quality of the patrol data obtained and the patrol officers are better able to report observations of environmental crimes. In addition, the Ambondrobe protected areas is for the first time using high-performance monitoring tools such as SMART during patrols. To ensure continuous improvement, DURRELL will continue to collect and share data in real time, emphasize more transparency with partners by sharing patrol data, and improve communication between Patrol Agents. Voahary: Voahary implemented awareness raising, training, and forest restoration activities in seven intervention sites this quarter with the participation of 638 people. Activities included awareness raising about restoration and zoning principles in Menabe Antimena and associated co-management zones, training on ecological data collection techniques in the field, practical training on establishing nurseries, and capacity building for the surveillance of restored areas. These activities have made it possible to

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disseminate knowledge about restoration projects at all levels (from authorities to communities). Participatory ecological monitoring was also stressed to ensure long term sustainability. Looking ahead, Voahary will consider greater involvement of local authorities including Fokontany Chiefs during interventions. Kew Madagascar Conservation Center: Kew focused this quarter on training agents in agroforestry and reforestation within eight sites in the Menabe Antimena protected area (Andranomandeha, Kiboy, Tsitakabasia, Tsimafana, Tanandava, Beroboka Center, Kirindy, and Marofandilia). In total, Kew’s restoration activities reached 524 people, including 24 nursery officers trained in the installation, maintenance, and monitoring of nurseries. An additional 400 people were trained is establishing nurseries, agroforestry, and forest restoration, and 100 youth from FOSA were trained in collecting plant data through the iNaturalist, collecting seeds and herbaria and completing data collection forms. As a result, 10 hectares of fruit trees (papaya and citrus) and food crops including legumes were planted by 400 households. Now, each of these households has been able to set up their own gardens using the agroforestry system. They were also able to restore 1.85 ha of degraded area with indigenous species inside the protected area. Grants Under Review: Grants under review and/or negotiation this quarter include the preparation of an award for Insight in Development in support of beekeeping in 12 management transfer zones in the Districts of Andapa and Antahala, which form part of Makira’s “green belt.” Two additional grantees were also under negotiation this quarter—Armand & Olivier (AROL) and Antongil Conservation—both of which are in final discussion before submission to USAID for approval. AROL and Antongil Conservation grant activities are both focused on seascape local community ecotourism activities in MaMaBay region. In addition, 38 concepts were submitted to second round of the Annual Program Statement (APS) 01, of which 10 were selected to submit a full proposal. Currently, USAID Mikajy is in the “clinic” stage of grant pre- award process, where the 10 pre-selected grantees are receiving training on how to write a full proposal. Evaluation of the full proposals will be done in Q3.

Challenges: This quarter, USAID Mikajy reassessed its approach of using the Annual Program Statement (APS) grants mechanism process, which was utilized during the first year of the project implementation, and concluded the APS process consumed too much time for the proposal preparation and review and consequently slowed the pace of grant development and submission for approval. In addition, the APS process was overly broad, resulting in grant proposals that required significant negotiation with prospective grantees to have sufficient specificity and impact. As a result, USAID Mikajy decided to streamline the grant development and review processes by prioritizing the top proposals from the first two rounds of the APS and going forward to focus on the more targeted Request for Application mechanism.

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Annex IV. Environmental and Climate Risk Management Compliance

Table IV-1: EMMR Activities under Negative Determination with Conditions

Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts SA1 Key Result 1: Target actors have improved capacity for NRM and PA management and for support to conservation 1.1.2 Support ● Conflict between USAID Mikajy will ensure ● Management efficiency ● Fiche d’évaluation METT ● Validation of update update of the communities that updated PA assessment or METT 2019 of par AP validé par les guide by MEDD and Protected Areas over access to management plans: each PA with stakeholders, DREDD actors with Hay Tao Management and land and natural DREDDs, PA managers (MNP, support 1) Are completed alongside ● Updated PA Management Business Plans for resources WCS, Fanamby, Durrell) COS, community sensibilization plans include these ● Planning the update of Makira, Masoala, COSAP, technical and financial ● Disputes measures PAG with PA Menabe 2) Include mechanisms for partners: Makira, Masoala, between local managers after Antimena, stakeholder consultation Menabe Antimena, ● List of communities actors over validation of the guide Ambondrombe, Ambondrobe, Baobab Alley. consulted during update zoning and 3) Include benchmarks to and Allée des January, February 2020. process delimitation of Baobabs measure and monitor their different land use progress, successes, ● An updated management zones inclusivity (gender and responsibility chart valid

with all actors ● Poorly planned vulnerable peoples), and any

or executed negative effects on people ● Documented and management and the environment for coordinated with techniques may which adjustments/remedial management authorities threaten the actions will need to be

stability of taken protected zones 4) Include measures to and lead to ensure equitable benefit unintentional sharing negative effects on endangered 5) Require Management species or their Effectiveness Tracking Tools habitats and (METT) potential negative social impacts (e.g., loss of income,

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Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts exclusion from 6) Include updates to the traditional lands, management protocol for etc.) ZOCs in Masoala USAID Mikajy shall include an Environmental Review of each Management Plan that receives USAID Mikajy support to evaluate potential impacts and identify mitigation measures or alternative activities. The Environmental Review shall consider effects of physical infrastructure, socio- cultural aspects, impacts from climate change, effects of increased visitation and/or use, and requirements of ecosystem restoration activities. 1.1.3 Support ● Poorly planned USAID Mikajy shall ensure ● Update of assessment tools ● TGRN Assessment Guide ● TGRN Masoala: Start evaluation and or executed that CBNRM management and PAG update guide and of the evaluation ● TGRN Masoala: TDR and update of management transfer contracts: contract renewal by MEDD process in Q3 after concerted evaluation management techniques may and Hay Tao. national validation of program with DREDDs: transfer contracts threaten the 1) Are in compliance with the guide ● TGRN Masoala: Working List of COBAs to be around Masoala stability of PA Management Plans, meeting with the SAVA and evaluated ● TGRN Makira Next and in Menabe CBNRM zones Land Use Plans, and other Analanjirofo DREDDs to step: raising due to conflict Government of ● TGRN Makira: define the approaches to be awareness of the over access to Madagascar planning Awareness report followed considering the three target natural guidance and documents. achievements and context of Fokontany and resources, 2) Include measures for each MaMaBay region. The creation of COBAs inability to stakeholder consultation planning and preparation of the control the evaluation of the 10 TGRN inflow of

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Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts migrants, or 3) Include benchmarks to around Masoala was defined: zoning and measure and monitor their development of TDR, Budget

delimitation progress, successes, (February 20). disputes. inclusivity (gender and ● TGRN Makira: Creation of the vulnerable peoples), and ● A successful three new TGRN green belt CBNRM any negative effects on Makira: prior identification and

program may people and the awareness of target lead to an in environment for which communities Tanambao, increase in adjustments/remedial Sahamanganana, Sahamalaza employment actions will need to be

opportunities, taken. road 4) Include measures to improvement, or ensure equitable benefit health care. sharing. While all positive impacts of 5) Communal approval of CBNRM, it may the COBA management also stimulate plan and chart of migration of responsibility. people into the USAID Mikajy shall include vicinity of the an Environmental Review PA, an acute of each Management concern in Transfer that receives Menabe overstressing the USAID Mikajy support to outlying areas evaluate potential impacts and infringing and identify mitigation upon the benefits measures or alternative to indigenous activities. The residents. In- Environmental Review migration may shall consider effects of also result in physical infrastructure, increased socio-cultural aspects, impacts from climate change, effects of

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Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts production of increased visitation and/or solid waste. use, and requirements of ecosystem restoration activities. 1.1.4 Support the ● Conflict between 1) Awareness and ● Menabe: Identification of ● Menabe: PV of meeting ● Menabe: Consultation development of communities sensitization campaigns will potential sites for the creation with partners, USAID planning for management over access to be paired with trainings for of new LMMAs with the Mikajy Blue Ventures fishermen’s groups plans, for 12 marine and new fisher groups or players WWF, Blue venture, collaboration protocol,

LMMAs and coastal resources LMMAs to ensure MNP, USFS (January). ● Road Map USAID Mikajy creation of new and potential loss community buy-in and ● MaMaBay: Consultation, MNP Menabe community of income support. information, and awareness of management related to ● MaMaBay: List of fishers 2) Communities will be communities of potential sites structures for exclusion from consulted Maroantsetra: consulted and engaged in on the LMMA implementation marine resources traditional fishing Nandrahanana, the demarcation and process and sustainable grounds Ambanizana, Rantabe placement of LMMAs. fisheries management. ● Difficulty in ● Mananara: Anoromby, 3) Fishing zone surveillance engaging small Mahasoa, Fontsimaro patrols will be scale fishers strengthened. ● Disputes 4) The application of Dinas between local will be applied in actors over collaboration with local zoning and authorities during Q3 and delimitation of Q4. use zones 5) Ecological information ● Poorly planned will be used to determine or executed best placement of LMMAs management may to support ecosystem threaten the conservation and stability of regeneration of fish stocks. protected zones. USAID Mikajy shall include an ER of each proposed LMMA that receives USAID

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Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts Mikajy support to evaluate potential impacts and identify mitigation measures or alternative activities. Projects aimed at promoting fisheries shall be conducted in a manner consistent with best practices outlined in the Fisheries Sectoral Environmental Guidelines, host country environmental requirements and USAID Environmental Procedures. Sub Activité de renforcement de la lutte contre les feux dans l’AP Menabe Antimena GRANT FANAMBY 1.1.8. Training ● Firefighting is an 22) Community ● The fire committees’ members ● List of village firefighting ● Community COBAs on forest inherently stakeholders are are identified from a public committees validated by stakeholders are fire prevention dangerous consulted and engaged, community meeting: Fanamby the Chief of the consulted and and forest activity and and village firefighting chose the sensible areas of Fokontany engaged, and village firefighting without committees will be Menabe Antimena, meetings firefighting ● Firefighter training report appropriate reinstated were called inside each village, committees will be detailing prevention and safety measures 23) DREDD Regional volunteers are enrolling, and reinstated firebreak establishment can present Representative will work some other members are approaches ● Finalization of unacceptable alongside the delegated chosen by the community firefighting strategy risk. management authority members ● Draft firefighting strategy with local actors, 24) Fire breaks to be ● Fire prevention ● Identification of farmer grassroots established on boundaries involves some trainers with the Villages communities, DREDD of protected area to level of habitat minimize impact, ● Training of 20 trainers on disruption which protected areas will not firefighting (February 20) if poorly planned be fragmented, and core can lead to ● Planning stunt training with zones will not be habitat farmer trainers (February- impacted destruction or

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Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts impede wildlife 25) No native trees or March 20): Sensitization of corridors. crops will be harmed in target villages before training

the trimming, only shrubs ● Fire prevention ● Elaboration of fire and grasses will be and firefighting management plan Menabe trimmed also present Antimena: second public 26) Digging will not be social risks for consultation lead to: used to establish the firefighters if Reevaluation of the local fire firebreaks to protect soils not implemented management methods, soil and alongside USAID Mikajy shall complete forest type analysis, vegetative sensitization an environmental screening characteristics of the forests, campaigns. of each new type of fire alerts processes, and firefighting action prior to sensitizations about the fire implementation to evaluate dangers potential impacts and ● Establishment of a firefighting identify mitigation measures regional strategy based on the or alternative activities and specialists of WOF’s analyzes complete a full ER for higher and recommendations, to risk tasks if identified in define commune actions to be screening realized by the stakeholders 1.1.9 Support ● Conflict between 1) Awareness and ● Official launch of regional PAP ● Surveillance reports ● Planning of local development of communities sensitization campaigns will development process, stakeholder and ● ER conducted and Fishing over access to be paired with trainings to information of stakeholders on fisherman documented Management marine and ensure community buy-in the processes consultations: data Plans (PAPs) in coastal resources and support ● List of fishers consulted collection ● Analysis of existing data and Menabe and potential loss 2) Communities will be information on the marine of income consulted and engaged in resource stock and the related to development of the plan potential of the Menabe region exclusion from for sustainable fisheries traditional fishing 3) Fishing zone surveillance management grounds patrols will be strengthened ● Integration of Dina from the ● Difficulty in 4) Dinas will be applied in environment and Dina on the engaging small collaboration with local management of the coastal and scale fishers authorities

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Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts ● Disputes 5) Ecological information marine areas in the Menabe between local will be used to determine Dinabe actors over best approach for zoning and ecosystem conservation and delimitation of regeneration of fish stocks use zones USAID Mikajy shall include ● Poorly planned an ER of the fishing or executed management plan to management may evaluate potential impacts threaten the and identify mitigation stability of measures or alternative protected zones. activities. Projects aimed at promoting fisheries shall be conducted in a manner consistent with best practices outlined in the Fisheries Sectoral Environmental Guidelines, host country environmental requirements and USAID Environmental Procedures. SA1 Key Result 2: Improved coordination and engagement among/by target actors 1.2.3 Support ● Conflict between 1) Are completed alongside ● MaMaBay: Work meeting with ● List of communities ● Preparation of MNP in updating communities community sensibilization DREDD SAVA and consulted during update awareness raising and protocols on over access to Analanjirofo for the planning process field trip with CEEF, 2) Include mechanisms for controlled land and natural and preparation of process for District, Communes stakeholder consultation ● An updated management occupation zones resources updating ZOC specifications in and managers of the protocol for ZOCs (ZOC) in Masoala 3) Include benchmarks to Masoala and Makira Park PA ● Disputes and park measure and monitor any (February 2020) ● ER conducted, between local boundaries in negative effects on people documented, and actors over Menabe Anitmena coordinated with zoning and and the environment for and Ambondrobe management authorities delimitation of which adjustments/remedial

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Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts different land use actions will need to be zones taken. ● Poorly planned 4) Include updates to the management management protocol for techniques may ZOCs in Masoala threaten the stability of USAID Mikajy shall include protected zones an environmental review of and lead to the updated management unintentional plans for Masoala, Menabe negative effects Anitmena and Ambondrobe on endangered under action 1.1.2 which species or their will include ZOC protocols. habitats and potential negative social impacts (e.g., loss of income, exclusion from traditional lands, etc.) Sous activité Restauration de pont forestier de Sahavary dans le Parc Masoala avec MNP 1.2.4 Support ● Conflict between To ensure beneficial ● Restoration Sahavary Masoala ● Restoration of Masoala: ● Planning of ongoing active and passive communities restoration activities, MaMaBay: restoration and other - SOW for proposed restoration over access to USAID Mikajy will: restorations in - Sensitization of local restoration activities activities in land and natural Masoala and Makira: 1) Ensure restoration communities on the degraded habitats resources - Mission report from Organization of activities align with a importance of restoration. to ensure including zoning restoration including implementation with properly prepared PA or landscape disputes, - Respect for restoration list of community target communities CBNRM management plan connectivity restored zones techniques: delimitation of members engaged and

risk destruction 2) Select indigenous species plots, opening of layon, List of species to be from cattle well adapted to the planting of 20,000 young used grazing or landscape

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Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts agricultural 3) Use young plants from native plants produced in the ● Vohitaly and Lokaitra activity. local nurseries with nursery of MNP on 40ha restoration: preference for nurseries ● Poorly planned ● Securing a plot: installation of - Restoration report managed by the implicated or executed nine information panels in management authority - List of community management may Fokontany Sahavary (COBA or PA Manager) and members engaged in threaten the avoid creating a mono- ● Restoration of former Lokaitra restoration stability of species ecosystem by using and Vohitaly Makira MaMaBay protected zones multiple species land clearing and lead to

unintentional 4) Provide sensitization and - Community awareness negative effects training on techniques to Training and information of on endangered communities and engage nurserymen and local species or their them in the restoration workforce habitats and 5) Engage communities in - Use of 15,043 young native potential site selection plants on 30 ha negative social impacts (e.g., loss 6) Define use and - Commitment of the of income, management rules of Communities in the exclusion from restoration zone before Fokontany Beanana for the traditional lands, activity implementation restoration of Lokaitra and etc.). Use of of Fokontany Anjiahely for 7) Agree with community exotic species or the restoration of Vohitaly on monitoring, surveillance potentially and patrol measures to invasive species - Use of the low-intensity protect the area before the in restoration restoration technique by activity efforts may recommending natural regeneration in certain areas further USAID Mikajy shall compromise the complete an environmental integrity of the screening of each

ecosystem. restoration action prior to Species not implementation to evaluate adapted to the potential impacts and zone of identify mitigation measures restoration may or alternative activities and suffer high complete a full ER for

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Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts mortality and fail, higher risks tasks if causing identified in screening unintended damages and misuse of funds. Risk is higher with the development of nurseries, especially for species endemic to dry forests which grow slowly and are particularly fragile. Installation of a single species increases the danger of spread of disease and reduces overall ecosystem health. Sous activité Restauration de Noyaux durs Lambokely et TGRN Menabe Antimena : GRANT KEW Install eight tree ● Risk of disputed Ensure that plot to set tree ● The identification of land for ● Letter of authorization nurseries of land status for nursery is a community the installation of the nursery for the implementation of 25,000 tree tree nurseries land, near a water point and was carried out with the the nursery in each seedlings each agreed by community communities and to ensure community ● Risk of small and ensure members that each nursery is not far perturbation of ● Contract with the practical training from a water point, fenced and water, soil and Community consultation communities to carry out for nurserymen does not destroy the wooded vegetation cover and validation all USAID Mikajy on tree nursery formation found there due to practical activities (from the management training in tree

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Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts nursery Ensure minimal impact on ● Instructions provided during beginning to the end of installation and vegetation from clearing by the training were followed by the project). management prioritizing deforested plots the communities and agents ● Map of community lands and burnt areas. No healthy ● Destruction of and proposed restoration forest will be cleared for vegetation during site nurseries. tree nursery ● Eight tree nurseries clearing and land Guidance on where/how to installed that follow the staking find appropriate materials mitigation measures will be provided for Staking, ● Collection of collecting of local materials, ● List of communities local materials and fencing and reuse of consulted (wood, straw, materials cleared from organic matter) nursery sites for mulch and fencing risks encouraged Install or upgrade ● Potential conflict Ensure tree nursery site ● Selection of nursery site with ● List and description of ● Plant production tree nurseries: over water use selection where a water communities and Fokontany nursery by site ● Extension of catering connect water between water point is available for chiefs ● Number of land clearings and agroforestry supply, install for gardening and multiple purposes ● Use of indigenous, dominant beyond the tree nursery areas shading and seed for the tree Agreement among local and frequent species in the site (zero) beds, design & nursery communities negotiated Protected Area install interpretive ● Ha destroyed vegetation ● Risk of water regarding water resource panels and train ● Identification of Fosa members due to supply of mulching resource use for trees FOSA members responsible for monitoring and shading of tree depletion due to Ensure minimal impact from nurseries by village plantation (insignificant) excessive use by clearing in the areas needed the tree nursery ● Nurseries established in the for the tree nursery and area suggested by the ● Destruction of maximize reuse of any community and very closed vegetation during vegetation cleared from the the water sources tree nursery site clearing and land ● Watering only done when Ensure collection of diverse staking needed but not every day local materials for tree ● Destruction of nursery shading, tree ● Nurseries installed by using vegetation due seedling bed substrates and materials from the site for to the tree fencing from different areas shading and fencing except the

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Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts nursery shading, to avoid localized natural shade cloth for Marofandilia seed bedding resources depletion nurseries which is considered substrate and as a local demonstration Provide guidance to fencing nursery beneficiaries on where/how to find appropriate mulch ● In some villages, nurseries are neighboring communities installed in cleared lands (no materials to avoid conflict vegetation) to avoid vegetation with destruction ● Restoration implemented without fertilizer, but compost is used for the agroforestry only

● Reforestation ● Risk of misuse of Establish procedures to ● None for rotovators, as we ● No sign of soil erosion ● Continue the actives rotovators for avoid rotovator misuse have not purchase them yet related to reforestation production of other purposes site activities seedlings in nurseries ● Train Provide professional ● Areas for the restoration community ● Risk of accident training in use of rotovator implemented far from the ● Holes for tree plantation ● Strengthen catering agents, during training “Insurance” to take in village is done during the activities householders & charge eventual accident transplantation to avoid ● Risk of ● Transport of seedlings without FOSA members soil erosion mismanagement Ensure proper management motor vehicles inside the to prepare that may delay of rotovator use including forest ● Plastic waste discarded reforestation work (fuel responding to accidents inappropriately sites with ● Plowing and plantation realized management, fuel rotovators, Rotavators equipped with by using spade storage, etc.) planting, and mechanisms to avoid spilling ● Soil preparation and plantation weeding ● Risk of noise and of oil or fuel. done at the same time and smokes for ● Prepare sites Ensure that plowing is done mulching the seedling after the animal within the with rotovators, in manner to minimize soil plantation Protected Areas digging holes and erosion ● For catering, used plastic pots backfilling ● Risk of spilling oil During hole digging, backfill are collected and buried in a or fuel holes with humus layer first then the deeper layer,

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Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts ● Soil loss/erosion adding additional manure if large hole to avoid scattering causing siltation possible use reused plastic of waste of land bags that communities can Only trained community agents downstream bring as their contribution can provide raw materials for during heavy rain to the nursery production nurseries (e.g. shade trees) or (ii) use seed balls ● Risk of soil ● Plantation and mulching fertility Risk of poor community technics reminded before each diminution due organization regarding restoration activity to rainwater monitoring and leaching maintenance of reforestation efforts

Promote ● Risk of Use of cassava stakes ● The installation of agroforestry ● Use of Cassava stakes sustainable vegetation for households was done at Agroforestry will be ● Number of sites where agroforestry and depletion due to the level of the property of developed on fallow land, agroforestry techniques establish patches extraction of each household (on its own not in new slash and burn are promoted of Home forest stakes from land). sites natural forest ● Risk of land tenure disputes ● Risk of crop production extension leading to new slash and burn 1.2.7 Support ● Firefighting is an 1) Community stakeholders ● Communities impacted and ● List of eight village ● Strengthening implementation inherently are consulted and engaged, implicated in the firefighting firefighting committees awareness or of firefighting dangerous and village firefighting prevention 8 villages: 1004 supported Ankoraobato, preventive fire fighting control measures activity and committees will be Marofandilia Kirindy, ● Improve community (sensitization, without reinstated participation by appropriate

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Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts preparation, and safety measures 2) DREDD Regional ● Sensitizations made from Lambokely, Beroboka, coordinating activities implementation) can present Representative will work October 21 to October 30, Tsimafana, Kiboy and ensuring contest unacceptable alongside the delegated 2019 of fire break ● Firefighter training report risk. management authority monitoring per zone ● Training of trainers had place detailing prevention and ● Fire prevention 3) Fire breaks to be at Kirindy Forest from firebreak establishment ● Fire breaks to be involves some established on boundaries November the 28th to approaches established on level of habitat of protected area to December the 7th 2019 boundaries of ● Firefighters and patrollers disruption which minimize impact, protected protected area to ● The trainers are making to monitor effectiveness if poorly planned areas will not be minimize impact, periodic training in their of fire breaks can lead to fragmented, and core zones protected areas will villages for the firefighting habitat will not be impacted not be fragmented, committees to be instated destruction or and core zones will 4) No native trees or crops impede wildlife ● Patrols and surveillance of not be impacted will be harmed in the corridors. potential fire zones by fire trimming, only shrubs and ● No native trees or committees with the KMMFA ● Fire prevention grasses will be trimmed crops will be harmed and firefighting in the trimming; only 5) Digging will not be used also present shrubs and grasses to establish firebreaks to social risks for will be trimmed protect soils the firefighters if ● Digging will not be not implemented USAID Mikajy shall complete used to establish alongside an environmental screening firebreaks to protect sensitization of each new type of soils campaigns. firefighting action prior to implementation to evaluate potential impacts and identify mitigation measures or alternative activities and complete a full ER for higher risk tasks if identified in screening 1.2.8 Support the ● Conflict between 1) Awareness and LMMA still in the creation phase ● Surveillance reports implementation communities sensitization campaigns will ● ER conducted and of management of over access to be paired with trainings for documented sustainable marine and new fisher groups or

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Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts fisheries for coastal resources LMMAs to ensure ● List of fishers consulted LMMAs in Bay of and potential loss community buy-in and

Antongil and in of income support Menabe related to 2) Communities will be exclusion from consulted and engaged in traditional fishing the demarcation and grounds placement of LMMAs ● Difficulty in 3) Fishing zone surveillance engaging small- patrols will be strengthened scale fishers 4) Dinas will be applied in ● Disputes collaboration with local between local authorities actors over zoning and 5) Ecological information delimitation of will be used to determine use zones best placement of LMMAs to support ecosystem ● Poorly planned conservation and or executed regeneration of fish stocks management may threaten the USAID Mikajy shall include stability of an ER of each proposed protected zones. LMMA that receives USAID Mikajy support to evaluate potential impacts and identify mitigation measures or alternative activities.

1.2.9 Support ● Conflict between Restoration activities under ● Restoration of a 40ha forest ● Restoration planning MNP to meet communities this action are part of the bridge in Sahavary for other PD

UNESCO over access to Masoala Management Plan Ambanizana catering ● Work meeting with DREDD requirements for land and natural authored by MNP that was areas and other sites on the process of updating the PN Masoala to resources created in compliance with help remove the national environmental

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Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts Antsinanana ● Disputes guidelines and included ZOC convention in Masoala ● Planning the update of forests from the between local mechanisms for stakeholder Park controlled occupation list of world actors over engagement. zones in Masoala Park heritage sites in zoning and Under activity 1.1.2 above, peril delimitation of the management plan for different land use Masoala will be subject to zones an Environmental Review ● Poorly planned which will include screening or executed of proposed sites for management may restoration. threaten the To ensure successful stability of restoration activities USAID protected zones Mikajy will investigate the and lead to drivers of initial ecosystem unintentional degradation and ensure negative effects appropriate measures are in on endangered place to mitigate those species or their drivers before habitats and implementation during the potential ER process. negative social impacts (e.g., loss of income, exclusion from traditional lands, etc.)

SA2 KR 1 Conservation friendly private sector investment increased in target areas Sous activité : Promotion de l’agriculture de conservation Menabe 2.1.2 Promote ● Potential impacts Seaweed and crab ● Antogile Bay: ● Technical prospecting ● Prior to sustainable crab could include cultivation value chains do report on the algae implementation and - Prior consultation of the introduction of not involve introduction of sector in the peripheral as indicated by the ER marine production capacity non-native new species or enhanced

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Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts and seaweed species through breeding and as such do not of the 23 LMMAs in the Bay area of Masoala Marine for activities with value chains mismanaged require aquaculture with a view to developing Park identified conditions breeding, concerns to be evaluated the value chain of fishery ● Seaweed feasibility socioeconomic products USAID Mikajy will study issues leading to implement best practices - Prospecting of technical illegal catch in ● Development of the and take measures to feasibility of seaweed farming protected areas, seaweed sector in the ensure that business start- in the peripheral area of and disruption peripheral area of up systems and enterprises Masoala Marine Park and degradation Masoala Marine Park are aware of environmental of marine management to ensure ecosystems due appropriate environmental to harvesting management plans and using compliance with Sectoral unsustainable Environmental Guidelines. methods. USAID Mikajy shall conduct

an ER (available at www.usaidgems.org/subsidiar y.htm to be revised for the fisheries sector) of each fisheries value chain/producer prior to support to ensure verifiably sustainable fisheries in areas that will not contribute to disruption and degradation of marine ecosystems due to harvesting using unsustainable methods SA2 KR 3 Improved Income for Target Communities 2.3.2. Promote ● Commercializat- Issues with high value ● MaMaBay: ● A survey shall be ● Prior to entrepreneurial ion of natural products or interventions conducted to determine implementation with - Raising awareness of COBAs conservation- resources could unsustainable yield should the realm of possible follow up actions and to become part of friendly result in be investigated and non-timber forest review taken cooperatives and expand

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Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts enterprises within potential additional developed to income-generating activities: products for the quarterly or as membership of environmental ensure the activity is non- setting up a nursery for fruit communities in the needed COBAs impacts. extractive. CBNRM shall be and forest trees with VSL project. conducted in a manner consistent with best practices outlined in the Chapter 2 Community Based Natural Resource Management contained in the EGSSAA guidelines, host country environmental requirements and USAID Environmental Procedures. 2.3.3 Support ● Ecotourism is Projects aimed at ● Grant case under negotiation ● All grant awards subject ● Start of ecotourism community-based linked to the promoting Ecotourism shall for Arol and Farakaraina to environmental project with Grantees ecotourism commercializatio be conducted in a manner screening process ● Environmental Review Form initiatives in n of natural consistent with best development by Grantee ● ERF Grantee MaMaBay and resources and practices outlined in the Menabe could result in Ecotourism Sectoral potential Environmental Guidelines,

environmental host country environmental impacts as a requirements and USAID result of Environmental Procedures. increased use. Trails for ecotourism may cause soil erosion and/or soil compaction from: a) poorly designed trails that do not follow natural contours; b) people walking

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Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts off-trail to avoid wet areas or to view unique wildlife; and c) poorly planned or overused infrastructure (e.g., camping areas, tour routes). SA4 KR 2 Land and seascape plans for strengthened land and resource tenure implemented 4.2.1 Reinforce ● Although the Planning must integrate or ● MaMaBay: ● Measures are ● SOW to integrate statutory land and activity itself otherwise reflect current incorporated into compliance with PA - 10 villages in CR Ivoloina resource tenure does not directly data and analysis on regional support (TA, raining, Management plans affect the environmental trends, ● In order to better take into implementation) for land and CBNRM plans environment, including principles of account the conservation use and marine spatial ● Quarterly progress land use planning biodiversity conservation aspect of biodiversity, the planning reports will guide land and sustainable NRM boundaries of the Protected ● TA/Subcontract SOWs use changes, and adaptation strategies. Areas have been superimposed include these land use therefore, USAID Mikajy shall ensure on the global location mapping planning requirements inappropriately that support (TA, training, of the beneficiaries’ plots. designated land implementation) for land ● Perceptions of land ● Documentary study and uses can use and marine spatial tenure security to be meeting: Beneficiaries contribute planning complies/not in measured annually for database, Voloina potentially to conflict with PA indicator 4.3 administrative limit recovery, conflict, soil Management Plans and delimitation of Protected erosion, other planning guidance and Areas, planning update introduction of documents; identifies exotic species, important biodiversity to be ● Prior meeting with and degradation protected; and minimizes environment, and agriculture, of water quality. conflict over resources. land technical services - Launch and awareness meeting in Voloina

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Project/ Identified Mitigation Measure(s) Status of Mitigation Monitoring Indicator(s) Outstanding Issues Activity/ Environmental Measure(s) Sub-Activity Aspects or Impacts ● Consultation of participants in the focus group by Fokontany on the tracing of the global location of the beneficiaries’ plots. This has led to the prior mapping of plots ● Group surveys and tracing in the presence of beneficiaries, nearby plot owners, Fokontany chiefs, and community leaders. Such an approach at the same time identifies the risks of conflict.

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Table IV-2. Climate Risk Management Activities with Low and Moderate Climate Risk Rating Activities Actions Implemented Steps Taken to Mitigate Climate Risk LOW CLIMATE RISK RATING Activities and indicators Actions in relation to identified risks Indicator 1.3 (Number of people using climate information or implementing risk- Changing weather patterns/extreme weather reducing actions to improve resilience to climate change as supported by USG assistance - events: EG.11-6) is relevant to all activities listed below. Other indicators of potential ● Consultations held with villages interested in the relevance are included in parentheses. transfer of natural resources management ● 1.1.5 Support establishment of patrol committees in areas not covered by ● Training of community patrollers KMMFA Menabe management transfer contracts (Ambondrombe, Belo sur Mer, and Makira) Antimena, COBA Ambondrobe, and LMMA (Relevant indicators: 1.1, 1.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.7) Mananara on the SMART system ● 1.2.1 Establish effective coordination mechanisms for co-management of PAs ● Periodic task force meeting to monitor the situation and between PAs in the landscape (6.2, 6.3, 6.7) of pressure on resources and share information on ● 1.2.5 Support implementation, technical improvement and reinforcement of improvements and achievements of each actor community patrols and improved capacity of patrolling entities (1.1, 1.2, 1.4, ● Reinforcement of Community patrols and 6.7) surveillance in Protected Areas ● 1.3.3 Convene meetings between managers of PAs and CBNRM SMART ● Finalization of messages on the USAID Mikajy alert patrols and other actors to share best practices of SMART, patrols, system restoration, landscape monitoring (in collaboration with Hay Tao) (1.1, 1.2) ● Disseminated agricultural calendar for the 2020 ● 1.3.4 Develop a mobile platform module on NRM that provides information to planting campaign in collaboration with DRAEP the actors of the landscape (5.3, 6.8) ● Reinforcement of intervention synergy between ● 2.2.1 Identify traceability and certification options in MaMaBay (2.4) USAID Mahefa Miaraka and USAID Mikajy in the ● 2.2.2 Raise awareness and provide training on market orientated climate smart field of Health and environment agriculture in Menabe and MaMaBay (1.3, 1.4, 6.7) ● Reflection with the actors around the PA on the ● 2.2.3 Provide training to vanilla cooperatives in leadership, certification, attribution of each actor in the congestion commercial operations and cooperative management in MaMaBay (6.7) ● 2.2.4 Provide ongoing technical guidance to Cooperative Village Savings & Loans Associations (VSLAs) to manage revenues and reduce reliance on/extraction of natural resources during lean periods (6.7) ● 3.1.1 Update the list of potential partners and develop engagement plans (2.2) ● Reinforce synergy between USAID Mikajy and USAID health programs at the landscape level including the continuation of mutual health insurance schemes in priority landscapes (2.4) ● Facilitate access to and dissemination of climate change information (1.3, 1.4)

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● Conduct an analysis of the Shared Vision results from FY19 and existing land use planning documents (4.1) ● 4.2.1 Reinforce statutory land and resource tenure (4.3, 5.1) ● 5.1.1 Facilitate assessments of targeted organizational capacity with fokontany, COBAs, and CSOs (6.6) ● 5.2.3 Support judiciary in effective use of evidence and prosecution of environmental crimes and support PA managers, COBAs, and LMMA managers to track prosecutions (1.1, 5.2)

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MODERATE CLIMATE RISK RATING ● 1.1.2 Support update of the Protected Areas Management and Business Plans Risk of fire: for Makira, Masoala, Menabe Antimena, Ambondrombe, and Allée des Baobabs ● Training and awareness of local actors on (1.2, 6.2) firefighting, setting up fire monitoring structure in ● 1.1.3 Support evaluation and update of management transfer contracts around Menabe Antimena and Ambondrobe. Masoala and in Menabe (in collaboration with Hay Tao) (1.2, 6.2) ● Sensitization of the 10 villages of Menabe Antimena ● 1.1.4 Support the development of management plans for 12 LMMAs and on the importance of fire management and fight support the creation of new community management structures for marine ● Climate risks to biodiversity: resources (LMMAs) in Menabe and MaMaBay (1.2, 6.2) ● Began outreach campaigns in target zones to ● 1.1.6 Hold trainings in SMART and participatory ecological monitoring (PEM) support climate resilient CBNRM and protection of and for park officers and COBA patrollers (6.7) areas of High Biodiversity Value ● 1.1.8 Train COBAs on forest fire prevention and forest firefighting (6.7) ● Coordinating with key partners to establish best ● 1.1.9 Support development of Fishing Management Plans (PAPs) in Menabe practices for managing climate risk before updating (1.2, 4.1, 5.1, 6.3) PA management plans, TGRN, or LMMAs ● 1.2.4 Support active and passive restoration activities in degraded habitats to ● Implementation of restoration activities: use of ensure landscape/seascape connectivity (1.2) species adapted to the climate and context of each ● 1.2.7 Support implementation of firefighting control measures (sensitization, landscape: dry forests, humid forests preparation and implementation) (1.1, 1.2, 5.2, 5.3, 6.2) ● Prospecting and feasibility study of the algae sector ● 2.1.1 Promote sustainable vanilla, seaweed and clove value chains in MaMaBay in the peripheral zone of Masoala Park (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 6.4) ● 2.1.2 Promote sustainable crab and seaweed value chains and facilitate the establishment of sustainable maize and peanut value chains with private sector group (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 6.4).

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Annex V. USAID Mikajy Organizational Chart

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