DOCSLIB.ORG

Understanding Child Marriage in Viet Nam Understanding Child Marriage in Viet Nam

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Understanding Child Marriage in Viet Nam Understanding Child Marriage in Viet Nam ENDING CHILD MARRIAGE empowering girls © UNICEF VIET NAM\2015\TRUONG VIET HUNG VIET NAM\2015\TRUONG VIET UNICEF © UNDERSTANDING CHILD MARRIAGE IN VIET NAM UNDERSTANDING CHILD MARRIAGE IN VIET NAM In Viet Nam, child marriage continues to be a persistent Nations held a multi-stakeholder National Conference on issue. One-in-10 Vietnamese women aged 20-24 years in Child Marriage to review gaps in policy and interventions. 2014 was found to be married or in union before their 18th In June 2017, a follow-up multi-stakeholder conference was birthday. There has been no substantial decrease in the held on “Preventing and Ending Child and Early Marriage: prevalence of child marriage. While its prevalence varies Learning from Promising Strategies and Good Practices”. across geographic areas, girls from all regions of Viet Nam and all layers of society are vulnerable to becoming a child This discussion paper builds on the outcomes of these bride. In Viet Nam, child marriage assumes different forms conferences and research on child marriage and early union and is undertaken for different reasons. To successfully in Viet Nam. It presents unique insights into the prevalence end this harmful practice, interventions must be carefully and the girls most at risk as well as the unique features tailored to local reality. and driving factors of child marriage and early union. The paper also suggests entry points for the development of In line with the UNFPA-UNICEF Global Programme to holistic and targeted interventions to prevent child mar- Accelerate Action to End Child Marriage, UNFPA and riage and early union in Viet Nam. To this end, it provides UNICEF have been joined by UN Women to collectively work specific recommendations on how laws and policies could and advocate for holistic and integrated actions for the be enhanced to better reflect the protection of the rights of prevention of child marriage and early union in Viet Nam. In children under the age of 18 years. October 2016, the Vietnamese Government and the United DEFINITION OF CHILD AND EARLY MARRIAGE The Committee on the Rights of the Child defines child marriage as any marriage where at least one of the parties is under 18 years of age. The committee urges countries to set the minimum age for marriage for men and women (with or without parental consent) to 18 years (File nos. CEDAW/C/ GC/31-CRC/C/GC/18, para. 20 and CRC/GC/2003/4, para. 20). UNFPA and UNICEF define child marriage as “a formal marriage or informal union before age 18”, thus also recognizing the importance of including non-formal marriages or unions in this notion. Cohabitation – when a couple lives ‘in union’, as if married – raises the same human rights concerns as child marriage. In Viet Nam, early marriage is considered a marriage where one or both partner(s) have not reached the minimum legal age for marriage, which is 18 years for girls and 20 years for boys (Art. 8(1) of the Law on Marriage and Family). Taking the above into account and the context of Viet Nam, this paper uses the term “child marriage and early unions” to cover formal marriage and informal union before the age of 18. When the term “early marriage” is used, it refers to the Vietnamese definition. © UNFPA VIET NAM\2016\NGUYEN THI THI THANH HONG VIET NAM\2016\NGUYEN © UNFPA BACKGROUND Despite national laws and international conventions Within Viet Nam, there is recognition that child marriage prohibiting harmful practices, child marriage is a is an illegal and harmful practice that violates the rights widespread and entrenched phenomenon that occurs of children. The Law on Marriage and Family, Law on globally, particularly in developing countries such as Children and Penal Code prohibit and penalize child and Viet Nam. Annually, 15 million girls around the world are early marriage. In 2015, the Prime Minister approved a married before the age of 18, equal to more than 41,000 National Programme to address child marriage in ethnic girls per day.1 While boys and girls are affected by child minority areas (2015-2025).3 Recently, the government marriage, the impact on girls is far larger in number and adopted a National Action Plan to implement the 2030 intensity. Child brides are robbed of their hopes and Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).4 Yet, dreams. They are more likely to drop out of school and actual investments in programmes to end the practice less likely to join the labour force. They have more children remain limited. Current interventions mainly focus on and have them earlier. They are much more likely to suffer communication and awareness raising with a punitive from health problems, sexual violence and abuse. Health approach. While adopting and enforcing legal provisions problems not only affect girls, but also children born from for the minimum age of marriage is important, this is not the marriage. Child marriage also severely undermines effective in the case of certain types of child marriage or national development and poverty eradication efforts. In early unions, including “love marriage” and “marriage to fact, the World Bank calculated that child marriage would resolve pregnancy”.5 In addition, the current structure cost developing countries trillions of dollars by 2030 due of governance lacks a focal point agency responsible for to higher fertility and population growth, health costs, the coordination and management – implementation, loss of labour market earning and productivity.2 monitoring and data collection – of interventions to prevent child marriage or early unions. An inter-sectoral mechanism, in which the role and functions of each sector are clearly identified, is also absent. UNFPA & UNICEF VIET NAM: A DISCUSSION BRIEF ON CHILD MARRIAGE 3 CHILD MARRIAGE PREVALENCE IN VIET NAM: DISPARITIES AND INEQUALITIES 12.0% 10.4% 10.6% 9.3% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 0.9% 0.9% 2.0% 0.5% 0.0% 2006 2011 2014 Under 15 Under 18 Figure 1. Rate of women (aged 20-24 years) who were married or in union before age 15 and 18, Viet Nam, 2014 (SDG indicator) Source: Drawn from MICS 2006, 2011 and 2014 Data shows that one-in-10 women (aged 20-24 years) in of 15 to 17-year-old girls were ever married compared Viet Nam in 2014 was married or in union before their to 0.9% of boys in that age range. The difference in the 18th birthday and one-in-100 women bef ore their 15th percentage of married adolescents by sex increases with birthday.6 There has been little to no change in child age. Especially at the age of 17, child marriage becomes marriage rates reported by women aged 20-24 years from predominately a problem for girls.7 2006 and 2014 (Figure 1). While child marriage occurs throughout Viet Nam, not all girls face the same risk of becoming a child bride. During this period, the prevalence among girls aged 15- Wide disparities across regions and residence are evident 19 years married at the time of Multiple Indicator Cluster (Figure 2). The highest rates of women (aged 20-49 years) Survey (MICS) in Viet Nam almost doubled, from 5.4% in married before their 18th birthday were found in the 2006 to 10.3% in 2014, which might indicate that child Northern Midlands and Mountainous area (18.8%), the marriage is on the rise. It should be noted that this age Central Highlands (15.8%) and the Mekong River Delta group also consists of 18 and 19-year-old women, who fall (13.8%). All regions in Viet Nam showed an increase in outside the definition of child marriage. There is no MICS prevalence between 2006 and 2014, except for the Red data available of girls aged 15-17 years currently married. River Delta. In addition, child marriage was more common Most child marriages involve girls, although underage in rural areas (13.3%) than in urban ones. Still, 6.7% of boys are also married in Viet Nam. The Inter-Censal urban women (aged 20-49 years) were married before the Population and Housing Survey 2014 shows that 3.9% age of 18.8 4 UNFPA & UNICEF VIET NAM: A DISCUSSION BRIEF ON CHILD MARRIAGE Figure 2. Regional differences: rates of women (ages 20-49) who first married or in union before age 18, 2014 Source: Adapted from UN Women, Making Inclusive Growth Work for Women […], 2016 Education plays an important role in the prevalence of According to the Inter-Censal Population and Housing child marriage. Girls with no education are almost seven Survey 2014, people living in households with a large times more likely to marry in childhood than those who number of people were more likely to marry early. completed higher secondary education. In addition, Interestingly, the survey found that the gender of the children whose parents have a higher level of education household head, father or mother, did not affect child run a lower risk of becoming a child bride.9 As shown in marriage. The age of the mother or father does have an Figure 3 (see page 6), there is also a substantial gap in the effect, namely child marriage decreases as parental age rate of child marriage between the poorest and richest increases. Furthermore, children with a single parent tend households.10 A child bride is more likely to be a member to marry early.12 of one of the 53 ethnic minority groups in Viet Nam than a member of the majority Kinh population. In 2014, 23.1% of It is noticeable that the national rate of married girls ethnic minority women (aged 20-49 years) were married whose spouses were 10 or more years older is relatively before the age of 18.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thesis Polygamy on the Web: an Online Community for An
    THESIS POLYGAMY ON THE WEB: AN ONLINE COMMUNITY FOR AN UNCONVENTIONAL PRACTICE Submitted by Kristen Sweet-McFarling Department of Anthropology In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer 2014 Master’s Committee: Advisor: Lynn Kwiatkowski Cindy Griffin Barbara Hawthorne Copyright by Kristen Sweet-McFarling 2014 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT POLYGAMY ON THE WEB: AN ONLINE COMMUNITY FOR AN UNCONVENTIONAL PRACTICE This thesis is a virtual ethnographic study of a polygamy website consisting of one chat room, several discussion boards, and polygamy related information and links. The findings of this research are based on the interactions and activities of women and men on the polygamy website. The research addressed the following questions: 1) what are individuals using the website for? 2) What are website members communicating about? 3) How are individuals using the website to search for polygamous relationships? 4) Are website members forming connections and meeting people offline through the use of the website? 5) Do members of the website perceive the Internet to be affecting the contemporary practice of polygamy in the U.S.? This research focused more on the desire to create a polygamous relationship rather than established polygamous marriages and kinship networks. This study found that since the naturalization of monogamous heterosexual marriage and the nuclear family has occurred in the U.S., due to a number of historical, social, cultural, political, and economic factors, the Internet can provide a means to denaturalize these concepts and provide a space for the expression and support of counter discourses of marriage, like polygamy.
    [Show full text]
  • (Arranged) Marriage: an Autoethnographical Exploration of a Modern Practice
    TCNJ JOURNAL OF STUDENT SCHOLARSHIP VOLUME XXII APRIL 2020 FIRST COMES (ARRANGED) MARRIAGE: AN AUTOETHNOGRAPHICAL EXPLORATION OF A MODERN PRACTICE Author: Dian Babu Faculty Sponsor: John Landreau Department of Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies ABSTRACT This article uses autoethnography and family interviews to analyze the modern cultural practice of arranged marriage from my standpoint as a first generation Indian-American. Borrowing from Donna Haraway’s notion of situated knowledge, Edward Said’s theory of Orientalism, and W.E.B. Du Bois’ concept of double consciousness, this article presents the idea of immigrant consciousness and precedes to contend with the sociocultural circumstances, such as transnational migration, assimilation, and racism-classism, that have prompted the evolution of a modern iteration of arranged marriage. The central question that informs this paper is what does arranged marriage mean – and how can it be defended and/or criticized – in different circumstances and from different standpoints in the transnational South Asian context? INTRODUCTION Dating is foreign to me. Is that strange to hear? Let me qualify that statement: American dating is foreign to me. I am a first-generation Indian-American, Christian girl. I am the child of parents who immigrated from India to the United States and who were brought together through an arranged marriage. The practice of arranged marriage runs through most of my family history and dating is a relatively new practice to us collectively. Important to note, however, is that my family members’ individual histories, like all histories, do not run on one generalized path. I have family members who never married, who remarried, who had forced marriages, who had “love marriages,” who married young, who married non- Indian people, who divorced, and so on and so forth.
    [Show full text]
  • Saudi Sensibilities and Muslim Women's Fiction
    Pakistan Journal of Women‟s Studies: Alam-e-Niswan Vol. 26, No.2, 2019, pp.19-30, ISSN: 1024-1256 LOVE, MATRIMONY AND SEXUALITY: SAUDI SENSIBILITIES AND MUSLIM WOMEN’S FICTION Muhammad Abdullah Forman Christian College University, Lahore Abstract All those desires, discriminations, success stories, and confrontations that otherwise might not have seeped into mainstream discourses are subtly said through the stories that mirror Arab women‟s lives. Girls of Riyadh is a postmodern cyber-fiction that delineates subjects we usually do not get to hear much about, i.e. the quest of heterosexual love and matrimony of young Arab women from the less women-friendly geography of Saudi Arabia. Though in the last two decades the scholarship on alternative discourses produced by Muslim women have been multitudinous, there is a scarcity of critical investigations dealing with creative constructions of postfeminist, empowered Muslim woman, not battling with patriarchal power structures, but negotiating aspects that matter most in real life: human associations and familial formations. This paper engages with the categories of love, marriage, and sexuality, drawing upon the lives of four educated, successful, „velvet class‟ Saudi women. The significance of this study is linked with carefully challenging some of the stereotypes about Arab women as victims of forced marriages and their commonly perceived discomfort with love at large. The study reveals that it is men who need to “man up” against cultural conventions since women are increasingly expressive in their choices and brave enough to face the consequences audaciously. Keywords Saudi women, Anglophone fiction, love, marriage, sexuality 20 Muhammad Abdullah Introduction Love before marriage or after? Acceding to Salafis1in some Islamic states, love is scandalized, lovers are demonized, and their associations banned.
    [Show full text]
  • Attitudes Toward Marriage and the Family Among the Unmarried Japanese Youth
    Journal of Population and Social Security (Population) Vol.1 No.1 The Eleventh Japanese National Fertility Survey in 1997 Attitudes toward Marriage and the Family among the Unmarried Japanese Youth Shigesato Takahashi, Ryuichi Kaneko, Ryuzaburo Sato, Masako Ikenoue, Fusami Mita, Tsukasa Sasai, Miho Iwasawa and Yuriko Shintani (National Institute of Population and Social Security Research) Ⅰ. Overview of the Survey 1. The Purpose and History of the Survey 2. Survey Procedures and Collecting of Questionnaires Ⅱ. Marriage, a Choice - Investigating the trend among the young to avoid marriage 1. The will to marry 2. The merits of marriage and of remaining single 3. Relationships with the opposite sex 4. Why do they not marry? Ⅲ. Desirable Marriage - What kind of marriages are people looking for? 1. Desired age of marriage 2. Desirable forms of marriage 3. The attributes of the desired marriage partner 4. Desirable life course 5. The desired number of children Ⅳ. The life-style and desires of unmarried persons - Current youth profile 1. The life-style of the unmarried 2. Views related to marriage and family 1 Journal of Population and Social Security (Population) Vol.1 No.1 I. Overview of the Survey 1. The Purpose and History of the Survey The National Institute of Population and Social Security Research carried out the 11th Basic Survey on Birth Trends (a national survey on marriage and birth trends) in June 1997 (the 9th year of the Heisei era). The survey is intended to determine the actual situations and backgrounds, which cannot be found from other public statistics, of marriage and/or fertility of married couples, and to obtain the data necessary for any related measures and future population projections.
    [Show full text]
  • Marriage Trends in the South Asian American Community
    Te rnikar-To Arrange or Not TO ARRANGE OR NOT: MARRIAGE TRENDS IN THE SOUTH ASIAN AMERICAN COMMUNIT Y Farha Te rnikar Le Moyne College Introduction1 The idea of the arranged marriage has always seemed "exotic" yet has fascinated the American public. Recent media coverage of arranged marriages is evident in popular periodicals such as the New Yo rk Times Online (August 17,2000) and Newsweek (March 15, 1999). Foner highlights that the arranged marriage is an example of "the continued impact of premigration cultural beliefs and social practices" that South Asian immigrants have transported to the United States (Foner 1997, 964). She offers an interpretive synthesis by showing that "[nlew immigrant family patterns are shaped by cultural meanings and social practices that immigrants bring with them from their home countries as well as by social, economic, and cultural forces in the United States" (Foner 2005, 157). 1 Acknowledgements: This paper could not have been completed without the generous support and comments of the fo llowing: Prema Kurien, Fred Kniss, Paul Numrich, Frank Ridzi, Travis Vande Berg, Judith Wittner, and Rhys Williams. 153 Ethnic Studies Review Volume 31 This article explores the marriage options that South Asian immigrants have and how religion 'influences these options. The choice in the South Asian American community, once between the arranged marriage and the "love marriage," now includes additional options as new immigrants negotiate new ways of finding marriage partners. These methods vary depending on religious tradition, family influence and ethnic community ties. These new methods are examples of ways that second-generation immigrants try to preserve some traditions from their parents' generation while creating new traditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Structure
    Michael Wesch Lesson Six Social Structure Most of what we take as "reality" is a cultural construction – "real- ized" through our unseen, unexamined assumptions of what is right, true, or possible. 170 The Art of Being Human LOVE IN FOUR CULTURES Nimakot Village, Papua New Guinea Late one morning, a large argument broke out in the central clearing of the village. A young man and woman named Matius and Rona sat looking dejected and ashamed near the center of the scuffle. The two teenagers had been discovered sneaking off together the previous night, and had been dragged into the clearing by their families. Rona's brother sat next to her, armed with his 29-inch machete, and looked menacingly at Matius. Matius averted his eyes and stared down at the ground, picking at the grass with his fingers as the chaos of the argument swirled around him. Rona's mother stormed across the lawn, demanding that the boy's family give her a large pig. Others from the girl's family nodded with approval and encouraged her to continue. I sat with a group of locals about 20 meters away from the main action. One of the local women turned to me with a tear in her eye as the argument escalated. Crying with tears of joy, like a mother watching her own daughter on her wedding day, she said, "This is just like when I got married!" There are no formal ritual "weddings" in this part of New Guinea, but events like this often mark the moment that a man and 171 Michael Wesch woman announce their commitment to one another.
    [Show full text]
  • Marriage, Law and Polyamory. Rebutting Mononormativity with Sexual Orientation Discourse?
    Oñati Socio-legal Series, v. 6, n. 6 (2016) – Radically Rethinking Marriage ISSN: 2079-5971 Marriage, Law and Polyamory. Rebutting Mononormativity with Sexual Orientation Discourse? CHRISTIAN KLESSE ∗ Klesse, C., 2016. Marriage, Law and Polyamory. Rebutting Mononormativity with Sexual Orientation Discourse?. Oñati Socio-legal Series [online], 6 (6), 1348-1376. Available from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2891035 Abstract This paper traces the genealogy of sexual orientation discourse in US legal scholarship and explores potential drawbacks of the articulation of a sexual orientation argument in the field of relationship recognition. After a long period of refraining from campaigning for legal recognition of multi-partner relationships, polyamory activists have recently shown a stronger interest in litigation. This paper identifies reasons for this shift in recent successes of the campaign for same-sex marriage rights and critically discusses proposals to frame polyamory as a sexual orientation to achieve multi-partner marriage rights through litigation. I argue that advocating a sexual orientation model of polyamory is likely to reduce the complexity and transformative potential of poly intimacies, limit the scope and reach of potential litigation, obstruct the capacity of poly activism to form alliances and increase the likelihood of poly activism to settle for legal solutions (i.e. marriage) that are exclusive and reproductive of a culture of privilege. Key words Polyamory; sexual orientation; compulsive monogamy; mononormativity; polygamy; slippery slope; multi-partner marriage; same-sex marriage Resumen Este artículo traza la genealogía del discurso sobre orientación sexual en las investigaciones jurídicas de Estados Unidos y explora los posibles inconvenientes de la articulación de un argumento de orientación sexual en el campo del reconocimiento de parentesco.
    [Show full text]
  • How Love Conquered Marriage: Theory and Evidence on the Disappearance of Arranged Marriages
    How Love Conquered Marriage: Theory and Evidence on the Disappearance of Arranged Marriages Gabriela Rubio∗ February 2014 University of California, Merced The most up-to-date version of this paper is available at http://gabrielarubio.bol.ucla.edu/ Abstract This paper documents the sharp and continuous decline of arranged marriages (AM) around the world during the past century, and describes the factors associated with this transition. To understand these patterns, I construct and empirically test a model of marital choices that assumes that AM serve as a form of informal insurance for parents and children, whereas other forms of marriage do not. Children accepting the AM will have access to insurance but might give up higher family income by constraining their geographic and social mobility. Children in love marriages (LM) are not geographically/socially constrained; they can look for the partner with higher labor market returns and have access to better remunerated occupations. The model predicts that AM disappear when the net benefits of the insurance arrangement decrease relative to the (unconstrained) returns outside of the social network. Using con- sumption and income panel data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey, I show that consumption of AM households does not vary with household income (while consumption of LM households does), consistent with the model's assumption that AM provides insurance. I then empirically test the main predictions of the model. I use the introduction of the Green Revolution (GR) in Indonesia as a quasi-experiment. First, I show that the GR increased the returns to schooling and lowered the variance of agricultural income.
    [Show full text]
  • Marriage and Morals in Islam
    Marriage and Morals in Islam Sayyid Muhammad Rizvi Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition INTRODUCTION A. Why this book? B. Sex education. Chapter One THE WESTERN SEXUAL MORALITY A. Christian Sexual Morality. B. The Victorian Era. C. The Sexual Revolution. Chapter Two THE ISLAMIC SEXUAL MORALITY (I) ITS FOUNDATION A. Defining the Islamic View. 1. Marriage is Highly Recommended. 2. Celibacy & Monasticism is Forbidden. 3. Marriage Helps in Spirituality. B. Defending the Islamic View. l . Mernissi ' s Views. (a) Women are considered sexually active in Islam. (b) Women are a danger to the social order. (c) There should be no emotional investment in women. (d) Love should be exclusively devoted to Allah. 2. Al-Ghazali' s Views. 3. Love for God vis-a-vis Love for this World. C. Criterion of Moral & Immoral. 1 . Regulating Sex by Morality. 2. Islam and Personal Freedom. Chapter Three THE ISLAMIC SEXUAL MORALITY (II) ITS STRUCTURE A. The Beginning of Sexual Life. 1. Bulugh & Rushd. 2. What Should the Youths Do? B. Handling Sexual Urge Before Marriage? 1. Immoral Ways. (a) Pre-Marital Sex (b) Masturbation. (c) Homosexuality 2. Lawful Temporary Ways. (a) Temporary Abstinence. (b)Temporary Marriage (Mut'a). C. Marriage. 1. Whom Can You Marry? (a) Restrictions based on Relationships. (b) Restrictions based on Religion. 2. Some Often Asked Questions. 3. The 'Aqd. 4. The Time of Marriage. (a) When to Marry? (b) The Wedding Night. 5. Days & Times for Sex. 6. Sexual Techniques. (a) Foreplay. (b) Techniques of Foreplay. (c) Sexual Intercourse. (d) Anal Intercourse. (e) Decency and Privacy.
    [Show full text]
  • E-Arranged Marriages: How Have Muslim Matrimonial Websites Affected Traditional Islamic Courting Methods?
    MEDIA@LSE Electronic MSc Dissertation Series Compiled by Dr. Bart Cammaerts and Dr. Nick Anstead E-Arranged Marriages: How have Muslim matrimonial websites affected traditional Islamic courting methods? Ayesha Ahmed, MSc in Politics and Communication Other dissertations of the series are available online here: http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/media@lse/mediaWorkingPapers/ Dissertation submitted to the Department of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science, August 2012, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the MSc in Politics and Communication. Supervised by Dr. Bart Cammaerts. Published by Media@LSE, London School of Economics and Political Science ("LSE"), Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE. The LSE is a School of the University of London. It is a Charity and is incorporated in England as a company limited by guarantee under the Companies Act (Reg number 70527). Copyright in editorial matter, LSE © 2013 Copyright, Ayesha Ahmed © 2013. The authors have asserted their moral rights. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher nor be issued to the public or circulated in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published. In the interests of providing a free flow of debate, views expressed in this dissertation are not necessarily those of the compilers or the LSE. MSc Dissertation of Ayesha Ahmed E-Arranged Marriages: How have Muslim matrimonial websites affected traditional Islamic courting methods? Ayesha Ahmed ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine the effects and impact that online Muslim matrimonial websites have on traditional Islamic courting methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Implications of Marriage Institutions for Redistribution and Growth∗
    Implications of Marriage Institutions for Redistribution and Growth¤ Lena Edlundyand Nils-Petter Lagerl¨ofz First version September 2002 November 27, 2004 Abstract This paper argues that love – as opposed to arranged – marriage promotes growth. Men pay for marriage, but who receives and pays the bride-price differs between the two marriage institutions. Typi- cally, under love marriage the groom pays his bride, while under ar- ranged marriage the groom (or his father) pays the bride’s father. Clearly, love marriage directs resources from the father of the bride to the bride. Moreover, we argue that love marriage may redistribute resources from father to son. If young (v. old) and women (v. men) are more prone to save or invest in the human capital of children, then love marriage promotes physical or human capital accumulation. If so, the adoption and adherence to love marriage in Europe, starting in the 8th century at the instigation of the Catholic Church, may have been a factor in Europe’s economic ascent. ¤We thank Philippe Aghion, Tore Ellingsen, Jonathan Heathcote, Alessandro Lizzeri, Debraj Ray, Paul Schultz; seminar participants at Columbia, New York and Yale Univer- sity, Boston College, and University College London; and conference participants at the Population and Economic Growth Conference, Brown University, April 13 and 14, 2002. yColumbia University, [email protected] zConcordia University, [email protected] 1 Think not that I am come to send peace on earth: I came not to send peace, but a sword. For I am come to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother, and the daughter in law against her mother in law.
    [Show full text]
  • Marriage, the Family and the New Evangelization 8 Following Love Poor, Chaste and Obedient: the Consecrated Life
    #7 The New Evangelization Series #7 The New Evangelization Series In the Image of Love: “The future of humanity passes through the family!” Marriage, the Family and — Pope John Paul II the New Evangelization Carl A. Anderson and Michelle K. Borras CaTHOlIC INfOrmaTION servICe CaTHOlIC INfOrmaTION servICe Through the sacrament of marriage, God’s love dwells in married love, healing it, transforming it and placing it at the center of the Church’s mission. In a world that is hungry for true communion, fidelity and forgiveness, the family is at the heart of the new evangelization. Catholic Information Service ® Knights of Columbus Supreme Council PO Box 1971 203 752 4267 New Haven, CT 06521 203 752 4018 (fax) 407 7-14 [email protected] www.kofc.org/cis GeNeral eDITOr © Copyright 2014, Knights of Columbus. The New Evangelization Series michelle K. Borras, Ph.D. all rights reserved. Director of the Catholic 1 What Is the New evangelization? Information Service Quoted works are copyright their respective authors. ParT I “f Or GOD sO lOveD THe WOrlD ” 2 “I Believe in You”: The Question of God in the modern World maNUsCrIPT eDITOrs 3 The mysteries of the life of Jesus andrew matt & scripture citations adapted from the 4 a God Who Is Threefold love alton Pelowski revised standard version, Catholic edition 5 “We Have Come to adore Him”: an Introduction to Prayer at the (san francisco: Ignatius, 1994). school of Benedict XvI ParT II “CalleD TO lOve ...” 6 Called to love: John Paul II’s Theology of Human love 7 In the Image of love: marriage, the family and the New evangelization 8 following love Poor, Chaste and Obedient: The Consecrated life NIHIl OBsTaT July 21, 2014 ParT III ...I N THe CHUrCH , THe BrIDe Of THe lamB susan m.
    [Show full text]