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Research Questions Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/43099 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: Jansen, Maarten Title: The wisdom of Virgil : the Aeneid, its commentators, and the organization of knowledge in early modern scholarship Issue Date: 2016-09-20 The Wisdom of Virgil The Aeneid, Its Commentators, and the Organization of Knowledge in Early Modern Scholarship PROEFSCHRIFT TER VERKRIJGING VAN DE GRAAD VAN DOCTOR AAN DE UNIVERSITEIT LEIDEN, OP GEZAG VAN RECTOR MAGNIFICUS PROF. MR. C.J.J.M. STOLKER, VOLGENS BESLUIT VAN HET COLLEGE VOOR PROMOTIES TE VERDEDIGEN OP DINSDAG 20 SEPTEMBER 2016 KLOKKE 16.15 UUR DOOR Maarten Hubert Kees Jansen GEBOREN TE ’S-GRAVENHAGE IN 1984 Promotiecommissie Promotoren Prof. dr. Ineke Sluiter (Universiteit Leiden) Prof. dr. Craig Kallendorf (Texas A&M University) Leden Dr. Susanna de Beer (Universiteit Leiden) Prof. dr. Mariken Teeuwen (Universiteit Utrecht) Prof. dr. Arnoud Visser (Universiteit Utrecht Prof. dr. Antje Wessels (Universiteit Leiden) Omslagillustratie: Salomon Koninck (1609-1656), ‘Een geleerde in zijn studeerkamer’ (1635-1656; olieverf op paneel). Rijksmusem Amsterdam. Gedrukt door CPI – Koninklijke Wöhrmann - Zutphen Copyright © 2016 M.H.K. Jansen ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of illustrations ...........................................................................................................vi Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................... vii 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1. Commentaries ....................................................................................................... 1 2. Latin Renaissance Commentaries on Virgil’s Aeneid ....................................... 1 2.1 The Commentary as a Genre: What Makes a Commentary? ..................... 3 2.2 The ‘Renaissance Commentary’? ................................................................... 7 3. The Virgilian Commentary and Early Modern Knowledge Management ... 9 4. Research Topic and Research Questions ......................................................... 11 4.1 Set-up of the Book .......................................................................................... 12 5. An Introductory Example: A. 1.257-296 (Jupiter’s Speech) ........................... 13 6. The Virgilian Tradition: A Diachronic Perspective on Virgilian Commentaries ............................................................................................................... 20 6.1 Classical Antiquity......................................................................................... 20 6.2 The Middle Ages ............................................................................................ 23 6.3 Virgil in Early Modern Education ............................................................... 25 7. The Latin Renaissance Virgil Commentary: Status Quaestionis .................... 26 8. Methodological Considerations........................................................................ 30 9. Corpus .................................................................................................................. 35 9.1 Core Commentaries ...................................................................................... 36 10. Terminology, Orthography, Sources ............................................................... 36 2. A Case-based view on Grammar, Rhetoric and Poetical Theory in Renaissance Latin Commentaries on Virgil’s Aeneid................................................ 39 1. Introduction: Poetry and the Task of the Grammarian ................................. 39 1.1 Set-up of this Chapter ................................................................................... 41 2. The Educational Context of the Aeneid-commentary..................................... 41 2.1 Cristoforo Landino: the Allegorical Commentary .................................... 41 2.2 Jacobus Pontanus: a Jesuit Commentary .................................................... 44 2.3 Two School Commentaries: Thomas Farnaby and Charles de la Rue .... 49 3. Poetics: A. 1.1a-d, Ille ego...: Jacobus Pontanus on A. 1.1a-1d Ille ego and the Conventions of Genre .................................................................................................. 54 4. Grammar: A. 1.2 Italiam and Etymology ......................................................... 61 5. Rhetoric: A. 1.1 Arma virumque and the Influence of Quintilian .................. 68 iii 6. Rhetoric: A. 1.4 vi and Tiberius Claudius Donatus ........................................ 72 7. Poetics: A. 1.8 Musa and the furor poeticus ....................................................... 76 8. Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 82 3. Juan Luis de La Cerda on the Roman Toga: Classical Antiquity in a Renaissance Commentary .............................................................................................. 85 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 85 2. The Early Modern View of the (Classical) Past .............................................. 85 3. Juan Luis de La Cerda (1558-1643) ................................................................... 89 4. A First Look at La Cerda and the Roman Toga .............................................. 90 5. A. 1.282: the Roman Toga .................................................................................. 94 6. Classical Antiquity in La Cerda’s commentary ............................................ 104 7. A ‘modern commentary’? ................................................................................ 113 8. Viewing the Classical World: the Antiquarian Movement. ........................ 118 9. Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 121 10. Appendix: La Cerda on the Roman toga ....................................................... 123 4. The Virgilian Commentary and the Rise of the Sciences ............................. 127 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 127 1.1 Organization of this Chapter ...................................................................... 128 1.2 Terminology ................................................................................................. 129 Part 1: The Scientific Disciplines ................................................................................ 130 2. The Scientific Disciplines in the Classical, Medieval and Early Modern World. .......................................................................................................................... 130 2.1 Key Features of Modern Science ................................................................ 132 2.2 The Classical Study of Nature and its Reception in the Medieval and Early Modern Era. ................................................................................................. 135 3. Early Modern Science and the Humanities................................................... 148 Part 2: Early Modern Aeneid-commentaries .............................................................. 151 4. The Sciences in Early Modern Commentaries on the Aeneid: Introduction .... ............................................................................................................................. 151 4.1 The Philosophy of Nature........................................................................... 153 4.2 The quadrivium: Astronomy ........................................................................ 159 4.3 Natural History ............................................................................................ 193 5. Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 200 iv 6. Appendix: Jean Regnault, part from the preface to Traduction de l’Éneide de Virgile (1681) ................................................................................................................ 202 5. The Commentary and the Reader: Reader Annotations and Knowledge Organization ................................................................................................................... 205 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 205 1.1 Annotation in Renaissance Commentaries .............................................. 206 1.2 Introduction to the Case Studies ................................................................ 209 2. The Reader: Case Studies of Annotated Aeneid-commentaries .................. 211 2.1 Restructuring the Text ................................................................................. 213 2.2 Bringing Knowledge to the Text ................................................................ 226 2.3 Emending the Text through Comparison of Editions ............................. 240 2.4 Destroying the Text: Coetier (1647-1723) .................................................. 243 2.5 The Commentary as a Proto-Encyclopedia: Broekhuizen (1649-1707) 251 3. Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 258 6. General Conclusion ............................................................................................
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