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Early Latin Introduction – Part 1: Language and Speakers Roadmap
GIUSEPPE PEZZINI Early Latin Introduction – Part 1: Language and Speakers Roadmap . What is Early Latin? . Who were its users? . When was it spoken/written? . Where? Early Latin – Introduction, Part 1 2 What is Early Latin? . Diachronic variety of Latin . Language spoken by people living in ancient Latium, in the centuries before Christ Ancient Italy Ancient Latium Early Latin – Introduction, Part 1 3 Latin during the Roman Empire Early Latin – Introduction, Part 1 4 Europe in the Middle Ages Europe in the 12th century (Latin as the lingua Europe in the 16th century (Latin as the official franca of culture) language of the Church in the areas marked in orange) Early Latin – Introduction, Part 1 5 Latin in the (post)modern age Early Latin – Introduction, Part 1 6 Classical Latin . Variety codified by grammar(ian)s over the centuries (‘correct Latin’) . Based on a selected number of texts produced in the late 1st century BC (mainly Cicero) . In fact, the text of Cicero printed in modern editions different from the original, having been standardised according to conventions codified only in the following centuries . Latin at the time of Cicero was not a monolithic entity; huge linguistic variety, at all levels (spelling, phonology, morphology, syntax, lexicon), exploited by Cicero himself in different texts Early Latin – Introduction, Part 1 7 Classical Latin . Never existed as a ‘real language’ . Not a ‘diachronic variety’ (vs. ‘late republican/imperial Latin’), but rather artificial variety, constrained by standardisation (attested all across the history of Latin, including the ‘early period’) Early Latin – Introduction, Part 1 8 Early Latin vs. -
2. Fighting Corruption: Political Thought and Practice in the Late Roman Republic
2. Fighting Corruption: Political Thought and Practice in the Late Roman Republic Valentina Arena, University College London Introduction According to ancient Roman authors, the Roman Republic fell because of its moral corruption.i Corruption, corruptio in Latin, indicated in its most general connotation the damage and consequent disruption of shared values and practices, which, amongst other facets, could take the form of crimes, such as ambitus (bribery), peculatus (theft of public funds) and res repentundae (maladministration of provinces). To counteract such a state of affairs, the Romans of the late Republic enacted three main categories of anticorruption measures: first, they attempted to reform the censorship instituted in the fifth century as the supervisory body of public morality (cura morum); secondly, they enacted a number of preventive as well as punitive measures;ii and thirdly, they debated and, at times, implemented reforms concerning the senate, the jury courts and the popular assemblies, the proper functioning of which they thought might arrest and reverse the process of corruption and the moral and political decline of their commonwealth. Modern studies concerned with Roman anticorruption measures have traditionally focused either on a specific set of laws, such as the leges de ambitu, or on the moralistic discourse in which they are embedded. Even studies that adopt a holistic approach to this subject are premised on a distinction between the actual measures the Romans put in place to address the problem of corruption and the moral discourse in which they are embedded.iii What these works tend to share is a suspicious attitude towards Roman moralistic discourse on corruption which, they posit, obfuscates the issue at stake and has acted as a hindrance to the eradication of this phenomenon.iv Roman analysis of its moral decline was not only the song of the traditional laudator temporis acti, but rather, I claim, included, alongside traditional literary topoi, also themes of central preoccupation to Classical political thought. -
Teaching Latin Love Poetry with Pop Music1
Teaching Classical Languages Volume 10, Issue 2 Kopestonsky 71 Never Out of Style: Teaching Latin Love Poetry with Pop Music1 Theodora B. Kopestonsky University of Tennessee, Knoxville ABSTRACT Students often struggle to interpret Latin poetry. To combat the confusion, teachers can turn to a modern parallel (pop music) to assist their students in understanding ancient verse. Pop music is very familiar to most students, and they already trans- late its meaning unconsciously. Building upon what students already know, teach- ers can reframe their approach to poetry in a way that is more effective. This essay shows how to present the concept of meter (dactylic hexameter and elegy) and scansion using contemporary pop music, considers the notion of the constructed persona utilizing a modern musician, Taylor Swift, and then addresses the pattern of the love affair in Latin poetry and Taylor Swift’s music. To illustrate this ap- proach to connecting ancient poetry with modern music, the lyrics and music video from one song, Taylor Swift’s Blank Space (2014), are analyzed and compared to poems by Catullus. Finally, this essay offers instructions on how to create an as- signment employing pop music as a tool to teach poetry — a comparative analysis between a modern song and Latin poetry in the original or in translation. KEY WORDS Latin poetry, pedagogy, popular music, music videos, song lyrics, Taylor Swift INTRODUCTION When I assign Roman poetry to my classes at a large research university, I re- ceive a decidedly unenthusiastic response. For many students, their experience with poetry of any sort, let alone ancient Latin verse, has been fraught with frustration, apprehension, and confusion. -
TRADITIONAL POETRY and the ANNALES of QUINTUS ENNIUS John Francis Fisher A
REINVENTING EPIC: TRADITIONAL POETRY AND THE ANNALES OF QUINTUS ENNIUS John Francis Fisher A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY RECOMMENDED FOR ACCEPTANCE BY THE DEPARTMENT OF CLASSICS SEPTEMBER 2006 UMI Number: 3223832 UMI Microform 3223832 Copyright 2006 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 © Copyright by John Francis Fisher, 2006. All rights reserved. ii Reinventing Epic: Traditional Poetry and the Annales of Quintus Ennius John Francis Fisher Abstract The present scholarship views the Annales of Quintus Ennius as a hybrid of the Latin Saturnian and Greek hexameter traditions. This configuration overlooks the influence of a larger and older tradition of Italic verbal art which manifests itself in documents such as the prayers preserved in Cato’s De agricultura in Latin, the Iguvine Tables in Umbrian, and documents in other Italic languages including Oscan and South Picene. These documents are marked by three salient features: alliterative doubling figures, figurae etymologicae, and a pool of traditional phraseology which may be traced back to Proto-Italic, the reconstructed ancestor of the Italic languages. A close examination of the fragments of the Annales reveals that all three of these markers of Italic verbal art are integral parts of the diction the poem. Ennius famously remarked that he possessed three hearts, one Latin, one Greek and one Oscan, which the second century writer Aulus Gellius understands as ability to speak three languages. -
Download Ebook / Lectures and Fragments (Paperback)
QL14S34LCAY5 Book \\ Lectures and Fragments (Paperback) Lectures and Fragments (Paperback) Filesize: 2.99 MB Reviews The book is simple in read safer to comprehend. It is writter in straightforward words and phrases instead of confusing. You wont truly feel monotony at anytime of your time (that's what catalogues are for concerning in the event you request me). (Brannon Koch) DISCLAIMER | DMCA QPGDPOIL9I1B ^ PDF ^ Lectures and Fragments (Paperback) LECTURES AND FRAGMENTS (PAPERBACK) To get Lectures and Fragments (Paperback) PDF, you should click the hyperlink listed below and save the document or gain access to additional information that are have conjunction with LECTURES AND FRAGMENTS (PAPERBACK) book. Createspace Independent Publishing Platform, 2015. Paperback. Condition: New. Language: English . Brand New Book ***** Print on Demand *****. To relax the mind is to lose it. Gaius Musonius Rufus (c. AD 30-100) was one of the four great Roman Stoic philosophers, the other three being Seneca, Marcus Aurelius and Musonius s pupil Epictetus. Rufus taught philosophy in Rome during the reign of Nero, as a consequence of which he was sent into exile in 65 AD to Gyaros, a barren island in the Aegean Sea. Because Stoicism was, for Musonius, not merely a philosophy but a guide to daily living, he has been called the Roman Socrates. The opinions of Musonius were collected by two of his students, Lucius and Pollio. Twenty one lectures and an assortment of fragments are presented here. The lectures or discourses are as follows: 1. That There is No Need of Giving Many Proofs for One Problem 2. That Man is Born with an Inclination Toward Virtue 3. -
Subject Placement in the History of Latin
Catalan Journal of Linguistics 16, 2017 125-161 Subject Placement in the History of Latin Lieven Danckaert CNRS/Université de Lille 3 [email protected] Received: May 2, 2017 Accepted: July 17, 2017 Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide further support for one aspect of the analysis of Classical and Late Latin clause structure proposed in Danckaert (2017a), namely the diachrony of subject place- ment. According to the relevant proposal, one needs to distinguish an earlier grammar (‘Grammar A’, whose heyday is the period from ca. 200 BC until 200 AD), in which there is no A-movement for subjects, and a later grammar (‘Grammar B’, which is on the rise from ca. 50-100 AD, and fully productive from ca. 200 AD onwards), where subjects optionally move to the inflectional layer. Assuming the variationist acquisition model of language change developed in Yang (2000, 2002a,b), I present corpus evidence which confirms that it is only in the Late Latin period that TP-internal subjects fully establish themselves as a grammatical option. Keywords: Latin; language change; word order; subject placement; grammar competition Resum. La posició del subjecte en la historia del llatí L’objectiu d’aquest article és proporcionar un suport addicional a un aspecte de l’anàlisi de l’estructura oracional del llatí clàssic i llatí tardà proposada a Danckaert (2017a), a saber, la dia- cronia de la posició del subjecte. D’acord amb la proposta rellevant, cal distingir una gramàtica anterior (‘Gramàtica A’, l’apogeu de la qual és aproximadament el període comprès entre el 200aC i el 200dC), en què no hi ha moviment-A per als subjectes, i una gramàtica posterior (‘Gramàtica B’, que sorgeix aproximadament el 50-100dC, i esdevé totalment productiva a partir del 200dC en endavant), on els subjectes es mouen opcionalment a la capa flexional. -
Horace - Poems
Classic Poetry Series Horace - poems - Publication Date: 2012 Publisher: Poemhunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive Horace(8 December 65 BC – 27 November 8 BC) Quintus Horatius Flaccus, known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus. The rhetorician Quintillian regarded his Odes as almost the only Latin lyrics worth reading, justifying his estimate with the words: "He can be lofty sometimes, yet he is also full of charm and grace, versatile in his figures, and felicitously daring in his choice of words." Horace also crafted elegant hexameter verses (Sermones and Epistles) and scurrilous iambic poetry (Epodes). The hexameters are playful and yet serious works, leading the ancient satirist Persius to comment: "as his friend laughs, Horace slyly puts his finger on his every fault; once let in, he plays about the heartstrings". Some of his iambic poetry, however, can seem wantonly repulsive to modern audiences. His career coincided with Rome's momentous change from Republic to Empire. An officer in the republican army that was crushed at the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC, he was befriended by Octavian's right-hand man in civil affairs, Maecenas, and became something of a spokesman for the new regime. For some commentators, his association with the regime was a delicate balance in which he maintained a strong measure of independence (he was "a master of the graceful sidestep") but for others he was, in < a href="http://www.poemhunter.com/john-henry-dryden/">John Dryden's</a> phrase, "a well-mannered court slave". -
The Invention of Latin America: a Transnational History of Anti-Imperialism, Democracy, and Race
The Invention of Latin America: A Transnational History of Anti-Imperialism, Democracy, and Race MICHEL GOBAT WITH THE PUBLICATION OF Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities in 1983, it has become commonplace among scholars to view nations no longer as things natural but as historical inventions.1 Far less ink has been spilled concerning the formation of larger geopolitical entities such as continents. Many still take their origins for granted. Yet as some scholars have shown, the terms “Africa,” “America,” “Asia,” and “Europe” resulted from complex historical processes.2 The concept of the con- tinent emerged in ancient Greece and guided Europeans in their efforts to dominate other areas of the world, especially from the fourteenth century onward. Non-Eu- ropean societies certainly conceptualized their own geopolitical spaces, but the mas- sive spread of European imperialism in the nineteenth century ensured that the European schema of dividing the world into continents would predominate by the twentieth century.3 The invention of “Latin America” nevertheless reveals that contemporary con- tinental constructs were not always imperial products. True, many scholars assume that French imperialists invented “Latin America” in order to justify their country’s occupation of Mexico (1862–1867).4 And the idea did stem from the French concept of a “Latin race,” which Latin American e´migre´s in Europe helped spread to the other side of the Atlantic. But as Arturo Ardao, Miguel Rojas Mix, and Aims IamverygratefultoVı´ctor Hugo Acun˜a Ortega, Laura Gotkowitz, Agnes Lugo-Ortiz, Diane Miliotes, Jennifer Sessions, the AHR editors, and the anonymous reviewers for their extremely helpful comments. -
Scribes and Scholars (3Rd Ed. 1991)
SCRIBES AND SCHOLARS A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature BY L. D. REYNOLDS Fellow and Tutor of Brasenose College, Oxford AND N. G. WILSON Fellow and Tutor of Lincoln College, Oxford THIRD EDITION CLARENDON PRESS • OXFORD Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford 0x2 6DP Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bombay Calcutta Cape Town Dares Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi Paris Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a trade mark of Oxford University Press Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Oxford University Press 1968, 1974, 1991 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press. Within the UK, exceptions are allowed in respect of any fair dealing for the purpose of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms and in other countries should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the publisher s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Scribes and scholars: a guide to the transmission of Greek and Latin literature/by L. -
Problems and Audience in Cato's Origines Eleanor Jefferson* 1
PROBLEMS AND AUDIENCE IN Cato’s ORIGINES Eleanor Jefferson* 1. Introduction The development of Latin literature in the Middle Republic is one of the most enigmatic aspects of a period already remarkable for its fast pace of cultural change. The first steps of Latin literature came in the poetry of Livius Andronicus, Naevius, Ennius, and Plautus, but Latin prose soon arrived with the works of Cato the Elder. His first work, the De Agricultura, is interesting in its own right, but in this paper I will address the cultural associations and implications of his later work, the Origines. The Origines is unique not only as the first work of Latin historiography, but also in its inclusion of two books on Italian foundation stories. Furthermore, there is a remarkable lack of personal names in the historical portion of the work.1 Whereas Cato’s use of Latin to write history was widely emu- lated by later historians, the two aspects mentioned above did not find followers. Both of these aspects, as well as the revolutionary use of Latin for a prose, historical work, represent conscious choices on Cato’s part. What these choices actually mean, however, has been debated at length. In this chapter, I will argue for a new understanding of Cato’s potential audience, and I will trace the effects of that understanding on our assessment of Cato’s methods and motives. While in previous studies the audience of the Origines has nearly always been treated as being made up entirely of Romans, I hope to show instead how we may reevaluate the work by supposing an audience made up of Italians and potentially Italic Greeks as well. -
Basic Guide to Latin Meter and Scansion
APPENDIX B Basic Guide to Latin Meter and Scansion Latin poetry follows a strict rhythm based on the quantity of the vowel in each syllable. Each line of poetry divides into a number of feet (analogous to the measures in music). The syllables in each foot scan as “long” or “short” according to the parameters of the meter that the poet employs. A vowel scans as “long” if (1) it is long by nature (e.g., the ablative singular ending in the first declen- sion: puellā); (2) it is a diphthong: ae (saepe), au (laudat), ei (deinde), eu (neuter), oe (poena), ui (cui); (3) it is long by position—these vowels are followed by double consonants (cantātae) or a consonantal i (Trōia), x (flexibus), or z. All other vowels scan as “short.” A few other matters often confuse beginners: (1) qu and gu count as single consonants (sīc aquilam; linguā); (2) h does NOT affect the quantity of a vowel Bellus( homō: Martial 1.9.1, the -us in bellus scans as short); (3) if a mute consonant (b, c, d, g, k, q, p, t) is followed by l or r, the preced- ing vowel scans according to the demands of the meter, either long (omnium patrōnus: Catullus 49.7, the -a in patrōnus scans as long to accommodate the hendecasyllabic meter) OR short (prō patriā: Horace, Carmina 3.2.13, the first -a in patriā scans as short to accommodate the Alcaic strophe). 583 40-Irby-Appendix B.indd 583 02/07/15 12:32 AM DESIGN SERVICES OF # 157612 Cust: OUP Au: Irby Pg. -
Christian-Stoicism
Sacred Heart University DigitalCommons@SHU Master of Arts in Religious Studies (M.A.R.S. Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies Theses) 5-2016 Christian-Stoicism: Exploring the Relationship between Christianity and Stoicism and Constructing a Manual of Christian-Stoic Wisdom Trevor Kelly Sacred Heart University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/rel_theses Part of the Ancient Philosophy Commons, Christianity Commons, Comparative Methodologies and Theories Commons, Ethics in Religion Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Kelly, Trevor, "Christian-Stoicism: Exploring the Relationship between Christianity and Stoicism and Constructing a Manual of Christian-Stoic Wisdom" (2016). Master of Arts in Religious Studies (M.A.R.S. Theses). 28. http://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/rel_theses/28 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies at DigitalCommons@SHU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master of Arts in Religious Studies (M.A.R.S. Theses) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@SHU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHRISTIAN-STOICISM: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHRISTIANITY AND STOICISM AND CONSTRUCTING A MANUAL OF CHRISTIAN-STOIC WISDOM Master’s Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies at Sacred Heart University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Religious Studies Trevor Kelly May, 2015 This thesis is accepted in partial fulfullment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Religious Studies. ______________________________ Brian Stiltner, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Theology and Religious Studies ___________________ 6/13/16 2 Permission for photcopying or electronic cataloging of “State the title of your study here” for the purpose of individual scholarly consultation or reference is hereby granted by the a uthor.