Media Resistensi Rakyat Palestina Pada Masa Intifadha

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Media Resistensi Rakyat Palestina Pada Masa Intifadha POLITIK MURAL: MEDIA RESISTENSI RAKYAT PALESTINA PADA MASA INTIFADHA Skripsi Dilaksanakan sebagai Salah Satu Tugas Akademik untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Humaniora (S. Hum) Oleh: Anto Langgeng Prayogo 1110022000007 JURUSAN SEJARAH DAN KEBUDAYAAN ISLAM FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2015 POLITIK }ILRAL : },IEDIA RESISTEI{SI R4.KYAT PALESTITiA PADA }.IASA tr{TIFADHA SKRIPSI Diajukan kepada Fakuitas Adab dari F{umaniora untuk lv{emenuhi Persl'aratan I\,{emperoieh Gelar Sarj ana Human icra (S.Hum) Oleh: Antc Langgeng Prayogo (1 1 10822000007) Pernbimbing I Pembirnbing II Dr. H. L{.Muslih Idris.I-e.}'fA H. Nurhasan. M.A I'IIF: 19520903 t 986031001 NIP: 195907211997 &31081 PROGR.{NI STUDI SEJAR,{I{ DAN KEBUDAYAAN ISLAM FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HI.II{AT\IORA L]-N-I VERS ITA S IS LA il{ NE GERI SYARIF }IIDAYATULLAH JAICARTA 1136 H./2015 M. P E}{GE SAI"TA]{ PAIVITIAN UJIA}I Skripsi dengan juciul PoLrrIK MURAL: NfEDIA RESISTEI.{SI RAKYAT PALESTINA PADA I'IAsA I]\rrIFA]I{A teiah diujil<an dalam sidang t]runaqasvali Faktrltas Acjab dan FIun-ianiora Universitas Islam Negeri Svarif I{idavatullah Jakarta pada 13 N4aret 2015. Skripsi ini telah diterirna sebagai salah s31u s,\'arat mer:tperoleh gelar Sarjana Humaniora (S.Hum) pada program studi Sejarah dan Kebudavaan Islam. Jakarta. 13 Maret2015 Sidang h{unaqas3,ah Ketua Anguota Sekretaris N4erangkap Anggota H. Nurhasan- l\4A NiP: 19690724 19970:^ | A01 t9750117 200501 2 AA7 Anugota PengLrjil Penguii II bdul Haki Arvaiia Rahraa. Ir4A NIP: 19590203 1989903 I 003 }.JIP: I 971A621 20Ci i2 2 0C1 Pembimbing Pembirrbins I Pembimbi Dr. H \flA,luslih Idri \iP: 19,.10901 193503 l00l NIP: 19694724 199701 i 0i)l LEMBARAN PERNYATAAN Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa : 1. Skripsi ini merupakan hasil karya asli dari saya sendiri yang diajukan untuk memenuhi syarat dalam memperoleh gelar Sarjana jenjang Strata Satu (Sl) di Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarla. 2. Sumber yang saya gunakan dalam ketentuan yang berlaku di UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 3. Jika dikemudian hari terbukti bahwa karya ini bukan hasil karya asli atau merupakan hasil jiplakan karya orang lain maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi yang berlaku di UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Jakarta,5 Maret 2015 Anto Langgeng Prayogo KATA PENGANTAR Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Tidak ada untaian kata yang pantas penulis ucapkan untuk pertama kalinya selain rasa syukur kepada Allah SWT, yang telah memberikan rahmat pada setiap hamba-Nya berupa kecerdasan, seperti memudahkan penulis dalam membuat skripsi ini. Dengan anugerah tersebut mudah-mudahan dapat menjadi manfaat bagi kehidupan di dunia maupun akhirat. Dan tidak ketinggalan pula sholawat serta salam penulis limpahkan kepada kekasih-Nya, Nabi Muhammad Shalallahu ‘Alaihi Wassalam, seorang Revolusioner yang telah menenggelamkan era kejahiliyahan menuju tatanan kehidupan penuh kemuliaan dalam bendera Islam. Dalam membuat sebuah karya skripsi, penulis membutuhkan waktu dan suasana sebagai usaha untuk mencari inspirasi serta mood guna mengerjakan skripsi ini dengan baik. Alunan musik dari salah satu band favorit L’arc~en~Ciel dipilih sebagai partner dalam menemani setiap dentuman ketikan serta sebagai langkah meningkatkan mood penulis. Walaupun demikian, pastinya dalam proses pembuatan skripsi terdapat suatu kendala berupa kemalasan yang terkadang menghantui diri penulis, namun pada akhirnya, sikap malas tersebut dapat penulis atasi. Akan tetapi hal tersebut dapat dilakukan apabila kita mempunyai kemauan serta niat yang kuat, dan diimbangi dengan usaha nyata. Sehingga atas adanya sikap tersebut terciptalah target penulis, one day one page. Mengingat hal itu, kini tidak terasa usaha yang dijalankan selama beberapa bulan tersebut telah menghasilkan sebuah karya yang patut penulis banggakan, seakan waktu dan tenaga yang telah digunakan tidak terbuang sia-sia. Selain itu penulis juga mengucapkan rasa terima kasih kepada mereka yang telah membantu, membimbing dan menemani penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini: 1. Bapak Prof. Dr. Oman Faturahman M.Hum, selaku Dekan Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. i 2. Bapak H. Nurhasan, M.A, selaku Ketua Jurusan Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, yang telah menyetujui dan menerima judul skripsi ini sebagai tugas akhir penulis. 3. Ibu Sholikatus Sa’diyah, M.Pd, selaku Sekertaris Jurusan Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam, yang selalu memberikan pelayanan kepada mahasiswanya dengan baik. 4. Bapak Dr. H. M. Muslih Idris, Lc, M.A dan Bapak H. Nurhasan, M.A, selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah menyempatkan waktu luangnya untuk siap direpotkan serta dengan sabarnya memberikan arahan dan masukan kepada penulis dalam membantu menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi ini dengan baik. 5. Ibu Awalia Rahma, M.A, selaku ibunda penulis selama di kampus yang telah memberikan nasehat, motivasi, dan masukan atas segala kegalauan serta kegundahan penulis pada masa pencaharian judul skripsi. 6. Bapak Dr. Saidun Derani, M.A, selaku Dosen Pembimbing Akademik yang dengan penuh perhatiannya telah membantu penulis dalam merumuskan proposal skripsi, sehingga penulis mampu melanjutkan tulisan ini pada tahap berikutnya. 7. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen yang selalu memberikan bimbingan dan pelajaran selama penulis mengikuti perkuliahan. 8. Seluruh Staff Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora, yang telah memberikan pelayanannya dengan baik dan tidak mempersulit penulis dalam usaha mengumpulkan setiap syarat-syarat yang diperlukan. 9. Para karyawan/karyawati Perpustakaan Utama, khususnya Amcore yang telah menyediakan fasilitas mendownload jurnal-jurnal online, sehingga semakin mempermudah penulis mendapatkan bahan-bahan untuk skripsi ini. 10. Kedua orang tua penulis, Ayahanda tersayang Bapak Sriyoto dan Ibunda tercinta Ibu Lainah, yang secara tidak langsung telah membantu proses penyeselaian skripsi ini. Penulis yakin Ayah dan Ibu pasti selalu menyempatkan memberikan do’anya pada penulis, yang dengan do’a itu telah memberikan kekuatan terhadap diri penulis. Semoga Allah SWT, ii selalu memberikan rahmat serta kasih sayang-Nya kepada Ayahanda dan Ibunda tercinta. Maaf penulis belum bisa memberikan yang terbaik hingga saat ini, terima kasih untuk semuanya. Semoga penulis yang sedang mengenyam pendidikan ini bisa bermanfaat dan juga dapat mewujudkan cita-citanya sehingga dapat melihat senyum bahagia dari kedua bibir Ayah dan Ibu. 11. Nenek tercinta, Mbah Sidem yang selalu memberikan masakan-masakan yang terbaik dan tanpa lelah rela bangun setiap sepertiga malam untuk memulai aktivitas, sehingga hal tersebut menambah motivasi serta rasa semangat penulis dalam mengerjakan tugas akhir ini. 12. Teman-teman, Endi, Nana, Hanafi, Hanifah, Agung, Iwan, Ela, Irna, Okta, Lidya, Dian, dalam membantu menterjemahkan sebahagian teks yang penulis tidak terlalu mamahaminya, serta kepada teman-teman satu perjuangan SKI 2010 yang secara tidak langsung memberikan motivasi dan semangat ketika penulis melihat kalian juga bekerja keras dalam menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini. Tidak ketinggalan pula penulis berterimakasih kepada teman-teman KKN Ceria 2013 (Desa Pabuaran - Bogor) yang telah memberikan pengalaman serta cerita menarik selama kita mengemban tugas sosial, dan kepada teman-teman LDK Syahid (An- najm) yang hampir setiap harinya kita bertemu di PU untuk mengerjakan skripsi bersama. Semoga semua pihak yang membantu dan menyelesaikan Skripsi ini akan selalu diberi pertolongan, meskipun penulis belum mampu membalas segala jasa mereka, mudah-mudahan Allah swt selalu memberikan pintu berkah untuk mereka, salut untuk mereka semua. Jakarta, 5 Maret 2015 Anto Langgeng Prayogo iii ABSTRAK Dalam sejarah perlawanan bangsa Palestina, perjuangan seperti perang fisik ataupun diplomasi, telah marak diketahui publik global. Akan tetapi, tidak banyak yang mengetahui tentang eksistensi mural sebagai media perlawanan Palestina. Mural secara tersirat ataupun tersurat mempunyai makna di dalamnya, sehingga mural dimanfaatkan kelompok pemuda untuk memobilisasi perjuangan rakyat Palestina melawan cengkraman Israel. Penulis sebagai mahasiswa Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam dengan konsentrasi Timur Tengah khususnya mengenai Palestina, sangat tertarik terhadap pembahasan ini, dikarenakan dari berbagai sumber tertulis belum ada yang menyinggung secara jauh tentang keberadaan fenomena mural pada masa Intifadha. Jadi, studi ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana fenomena perjuangan Intifadha melalui media mural. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan antropologis dan teori terpaan media, di mana pandangan seseorang diterpa secara terus menerus oleh isi pesan yang secara tidak langsung akan menarik perhatian mereka. Melalui pendekatan serta teori tersebut penulis menemukan bahwa mural memiliki peranan yang signifikan sebagai bahasa protes dan perlawanan sebuah bangsa ketika dalam keadaan tertekan. Di Palestina keberadaan mural telah menjadi bagian yang tidak terpisahkan, karena mural selalu hadir dalam mewarnai setiap langkah perjuangan bangsa Palestina. Kata Kunci: Mural, Media, Perlawanan, Rakyat Palestina, Intifadha, Israel. iv DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................. i ABSTRAK ................................................................................................... iv DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................. v BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................. 1 A. Latar
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