Polity handbook for Quick Revision SSARP Education www.ssarpeducation.wordpress.com 7/7/17 UPSC SSC IBPS Railway UPSC SSC IBPS Railway Like us & Do subscribe as well to get latest updates 7/7/2017 Chapter 1 1 SSARP Education SSARP Idea and framing of constitution According to Wade and Philips, "Constitution means a document having a special legal sanctity which sets out the framework and the principal functions of the organs of the Government of a State and declares the principles governing the operation of those organs”. • The idea of constitution of India was put forward by M. N. Roy in 1934. • It was first demanded by the Indian National Congress in 1935. • The Constitution of India was framed by a Constituent Assembly set up under the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946. Constituent Assembly • The Assembly consisted of 389 members representing provinces (292), states (93), the Chief 918004513339 + Commissioner Provinces (3) and Baluchistan (1). • First meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held on 9.12.1946 under the Chairmanship of Dr. Sachidanand Sinha(Provisional Chairman) • Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected its Permanent Chairman on 11.12.1946. • The Assembly made a substantial progress and adopted the "Objective Resolution" moved by Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru,which later became the Preamble of the Constitution. • B.N.Rao was an Advisor to Constituent Assembly but he was not a member. Drafting Committee • On 29th Aug, 1947, The Constituent Assembly set up 13 committees for framing the constitution. [email protected] On the basis of the reports of these committees, a draft of the Constitution was prepared by a seven- member Drafting Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr B R Ambedkar. • A Draft Constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Assembly on 4 November 1947. • Draft constitution was debated and over 2000 amendments were moved over a period of two years. • Finally on 26 Nov. 1949, the process was completed and Constituent assembly adopted the constitution. 284 members signed the document and the process of constitution making was complete. • On 26 Jan 1950, the Constitution of India became the law of all the States and territories of India. • Original form of Constitution has 22 Parts and 8 Schedules Important Committees & its Chairmen Committee Chairman Committee for State Negotiation Rajendra Prasad Committee of Fundamental Rights & Minorities Sardar Patel Drafting Committee B. R. Ambedkar Provincial Constitution Committee Sardar Patel Rules of Procedure Committee Rajendra Prasad The Steering Committee K. M. Munshi Union Constitution Committee J. L. Nehru Union Power Committee J. L. Nehru Also available at https://ssarpeducation.wordpress.com UPSC SSC IBPS Railway Like us & Do subscribe as well to get latest updates 7/7/2017 Chapter 2 2 Constitutional development Education SSARP Government of India Act 1858 • After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British Government took direct control of territories formerly ruled by the English East India Company. • This act abolished East India Company and transferred powers towards the British crown to establish direct rule. • It changed the designation of Governor General of India to that of Viceroy of India. • This Act also abolished the Dual Government introduced by Pitt’s Act, 1784. Indian Councils Act 1861 • Indian Councils Act 1861 enacted by Parliament of the United Kingdom that transformed the Viceroy of India's executive council into a cabinet run on the portfolio system. • Indians were involved with law-making process. For this purpose, viceroy nominated the 918004513339 + Raja of Benaras, the Maharaja of Patiala and Sir Dinkar Rao. Indian Councils Act 1892 • This Act was enacted due to the demand of the Indian National Congress to expand legislative council. • The number of non-official members was increased both in central and provincial legislative councils the non-official members of Indian legislative councils were henceforth to be nominated by Bengal chamber of commerce and provincial legislative council. Indian Councils Act 1909(Morley-Minto Reform) • Indian Councils Act 1909 commonly known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, was an Act of [email protected] the Parliament of the United Kingdom that brought about a limited increase in the involvement of Indians in the governance of British India. • The right of separate electorate was given to the Muslims and hence Lord Minto came to be known as Father of Communal Electorate. • The members of the Legislative Councils were permitted to discuss the budgets, suggest the amendments and even to vote on them; excluding those items that were included as non-vote items. They were also entitled to ask supplementary questions during the legislative proceedings. Government of India Act 1919(Montague Chelmsford Reforms) • After World War I, the British Government opened the door for Indians to public office and employment. • The idea of responsible government was emphasised upon. • Introduction of diarchy, Bicameralism (Two Houses) and direct elections. • Establishment of central public service commission in 1926. Government of India Act 1935 • Establishment of an All India Federation. • Abolition of Diarchy and introduced provincial autonomy. • Abolition of Council Asia. • Establishment of RBI, federal court, Provincial PSUs and Joint PSUs. • Extension of bicameralism, communal representation and franchise. Indian Independence Act 1947 • The legislation was formulated by the government of Prime Minister Clement Attlee and the Governor General of India Lord Mountbatten • British Government would grant full self-government to British India by June 1948 at the latest, • Partition of India and Pakistan. Also available at https://ssarpeducation.wordpress.com UPSC SSC IBPS Railway Like us & Do subscribe as well to get latest updates 7/7/2017 Chapter 3 3 Constitution at a glance Education SSARP Arrangement of Constitution • Contains 448 Articles divided into XXII Parts • 12 Schedules • 5 Appendix Part Chapter Articles Deals With I 1-4 The Union and its Territory II 5-11 Citizenship III 12-35 Fundamental Rights 918004513339 + IV 36-51 Directive Principles of State Policy IVA 51A Fundamental Duties V 52-151 The Union I 52-78 The Executive – The President and Vice President, Council of Ministers, The Attorney-General for India, Conduct of Government Business, Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President etc., [email protected] II 79-122 Parliament, Conduct of business, Disqualifications of Members, Legislative procedure etc. III 123 Legislative powers of the President IV 124-147 The Union Judiciary V 148-151 Comptroller and Auditor-General of India VI 152-237 The States I 152 Definition II 153-167 The Executive - The Governor, Council of Ministers, The Advocate- General for the State, Conduct of Government business, Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc. III 168-212 The State Legislature, Disqualification of Members, Legislative Procedure, etc. IV 213 Legislative power of the Governor V 214-232 The High Courts in the States VI 233-237 Subordinate Courts VII 238 Repealed VIII 239-242 The Union Territories – administration, High Courts for Union Territories etc. IX 243- The Panchayats 243O IXA 243P- The Municipalities 243ZG Also available at https://ssarpeducation.wordpress.com UPSC SSC IBPS Railway Like us & Do subscribe as well to get latest updates 7/7/2017 X 244- The Scheduled and Tribal Areas 244A XI 245-263 Relations between the Union and the States I 245-255 Legislative Relations – distribution of legislative powers, residuary powers of legislation, etc. 4 II 256-263 Administrative Relations Education SSARP XII 264- Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits 300A I 264-291 Finance – taxes, grants, finance commission, recommendations of finance commission, exemption from taxes etc. II 292-293 Borrowing – by the Government of India and by States. III 294-300 Property, Contracts, Rights, Liabilities, Obligations and Suits and proceedings IV 300A Right to Property XIII 301-307 Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within theterritory of India XIV 308-323 Services under the Union and the States 918004513339 + I 308-314 Services – recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or State, II 315-323 Public Service Commissions XIVA 323A- Tribunals 323B XV 324- Elections 329A [email protected] XVI 330-342 Special Provisions relating to certain Classes- Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in House of the People etc., Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes XVII 343-351 Official Language I 343-344 Language of the Union II 345-347 Regional Languages III 348-349 Language of the Supreme Court, High Court etc. IV 350-351 Special Directives XVIII 352-360 Emergency Provisions XIX 361-367 Miscellaneous – protection of President, Governors and Rajpramukhs, abolition of privy purses, special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes etc. XX 368 Amendment of the Constitution - Power of Parliament and procedure therefore XXI 369-392 Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions XXII 393-395 Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative text in Hindi and Repeals SCHEDULES TO THE CONSTITUTION Schedule Deals With First I. The States II. The Union Territories Second Part A: Provisions as to the President and the Governors Part B: Omitted Also available at https://ssarpeducation.wordpress.com UPSC SSC IBPS Railway Like us & Do subscribe as well to get latest updates 7/7/2017 Part C: Provisions as to Speaker, Deputy Speaker etc. Part D: Provisions as to the Judges of SC and HC Part E: Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India Third Forms of Oaths or Affirmations Fourth Allocation of seats in the Council of States 5 Fifth Provisions as to the Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Education SSARP Scheduled Tribes (contains Parts A, B, C and D) Sixth Provisions as to Administration of Tribal Areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram Seventh List I : Union List (97 subjects) List II : State List (66 subjects) List III : Concurrent List (47 subjects) Eighth • List of 22 languages of India recognized by Constitution 1.