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Current Affairs 2013, Objective Current Affairs

Current Events 2013

Objective Current Affairs Q. National Education Day observed on 1 11th November 2 14th November 3 5th September 4 21st May Ans: 1

Q. Antyodaya scheme is meant to help the 1 Muslims 2 Minorities 3 Poorest of the poor section of the society 4 Harijans Ans: 3

Q. The upcoming Ultra Mega Power Projects(UMPPs) at Cheyyur and Sarguja are located respectively in 1 and Chhattisgarh 2 and Odisha 3 Tamil Nadu and Chhattisgarh 4 Kerala and Odisha Ans: 3

Q. Andheri's newly constructed headquarters of anti-terror force was inaugurated by N. Kumar Reddy on August 13, 2012 in . What is the name of this counter- terrorist commando force? 1 Anti Terrorism Agency (ATA) 2 Organization to Counter Terrorist Operations (Octopus) 3 Anti Terrorism Squad (ATS) 4 Anti Terrorism Operations (ATO) Ans: 2

Q. Which two countries signed Agreement for the Modernisation of Indian Railways? 1 and 2 Indian and China 3 USA and India 4 Russia and India Ans: 1

Q. Name the Indian telecom service company which had acquired US firm WPCS International? 1 Shyam Telecom 2 MTNL 3 Tata Teleservices 4 Kavvery Telecom Ans: 4

Q. Which company was directed by the Supreme Court to refund an amount of 17400 crore of rupees to their Investors? 1 Sahara Group of Company 2 Reliance Industries 3 Air India 4 Vodafone Ans: 1

Q. Isle of Wight rock yielded three fossil footprints of Dinosaurs. In which one of the following countries Isle of Wight located? 1 Germany 2 USA 3 Africa 4 UK Ans: 4

Q. Which Indian Company signed a pact with French Energy company GDF Suez to import LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas)? 1 Indian Oil Corporation(IOC) 2 GAIL 3 ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas Corporation) 4 Reliance Petroleum Limited Ans: 2

Q. What was the theme of the annual World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting organized in Davos, ? 1 Shaping the Post-Crisis World 2 Shared Norms for a New Reality 3 The power of collaborative innovation 4 Improve the state of the world: rethink, redesign, rebuild Ans: 2

Objective Current Affairs Q. As per census 2011,Kerala holds the maximum sex ratio among states which stands at - 1 1084 2 1065 3 1092 4 1051 Ans: 1

Q. Which of the following state has the maximum urban population as per the final data of Census 2011? 1 Rajasthan 2 3 4 Ans: 3

Q. The Work Participation Rate(WPR) for the country in Census 2011 has been worked out at - 1 45.2% 2 42.3% 3 38.7% 4 39.8% Ans: 4

Q. The growth rate of population as per the final data of Census 2011 during 2001-11 stood at - 1 15.5% 2 17.7% 3 18.3% 4 16.9% Ans: 2

Q. Female literacy in the country, as per final Census data 2011, stands at - 1 64.6% 2 70.3% 3 62.5% 4 68.2% Ans: 1

Q. Scientist of which country created the smallest droplets of the world? 1 USA 2 UK 3 Poland 4 Switzerland Ans: 4

Q. Which company on May 15, 2013 achieved 50 billion apps download milestone? 1 Google 2 Microsoft 3 Apple 4 Yahoo Ans: 3

Q. Name the first Indigenous developed Rotavirus Vaccine of India is - 1 Rotomid 2 Ratavac 3 Rotacid 4 Rotovac Ans: 2

Q. The European Union made decision in May 2013 to impose a continent wide ban on the pesticide namely neonicotinoids to help which species of insects? 1 Ants 2 Butter Flies 3 Honey Bees 4 Earth worm Ans: 3

Q. What is the name of world's ultra light substance created by Zhejiang University in China? 1 Lead 2 Carbon Aerogel 3 Granite 4 Carbon Nanotubes Ans: 2

Objective Current Affairs Q. The US scientist team found the mechanism which is responsible for the ageing process. Where is this mechanism located? 1 Inside Skin 2 Inside Heart 3 Inside Brain 4 Inside Face Ans: 3

Q. "Half a Life" is a novel by which of the following authors? 1 Salman Rushdi 2 V. S. Naipaul 3 Amitabha Ghosh 4 Chetan Bhagat Ans: 2

Q. Who has won the Golden Ball in Champions Trophy 2013? 1 Shikhar Dhawan 2 3 Ravindra Jadeja 4 Suresh Raina Ans: 3

Q. Who has won the Golden Bat in Champions Trophy 2013? 1 Ravindra Jadeja 2 Shikhar Dhawan 3 Virat Kohli 4 M. S. Dhoni Ans: 2

Q. The person who become the first Indian Circumnavigate Globe Solo and non-stop on a sail boat - 1 Hari Ram Kumar 2 Lt. Cdr. Abhilash Tomy 3 Lt. Ramadose 4 None of them Ans: 2

Q. Which day has been declared by United Nation General Assembly as the World Autism Awareness Day ? 1 April 2 2 May 5 3 March 3 4 June 15 Ans: 1

Q. The Fifth Summit of BRICS was held on March 26-27, 2013 in - 1 New (India) 2 Moscow (Russia) 3 Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 4 Durban (South Africa) Ans: 4

Q. In which of the following city, the first women Post Office in the country has been established in March 2013? 1 2 3 4 Ans: 3

Q. The International Newspaper which had won four Pulitzer Prize on April 15, 2013 including the award for investigative reporting for stories - 1 The Washington Post 2 3 New Work Times 4 The Ans: 3

Q. Kovvada Nuclear Power Plant which was recently in news is being set up in - 1 Karnataka 2 Andhra Pradesh 3 Chhattisgarh 4 Odisa Ans: 2

Objective Current Affairs Q. Which country reached an agreement with Kosovo on overcoming ethnic enmities? 1 Macedoonia 2 Serbia 3 France 4 Albania Ans: 2

Q. The International Day for Biological Diversity was observed on - 1 25th May 2 24th May 3 23rd May 4 22nd May Ans: 4

Q. The largest biogas plant of the world was inaugurated in March 2013 in - 1 USA 2 Ireland 3 Finland 4 Germany Ans: 3

Q. Who was appointed as the Chairman of the Asian forum of Parliamentarians on Population and development on April 11, 2013 at Bangkok? 1 Hamid Ansari 2 P. J. Kurien 3 Mamta Sharma 4 Ila Bhat Ans: 2

Q. The Mr. on April 30, 2013 inaugurated the 14 mega watt Solar Power Project at - 1 Nashik 2 Sri Nagar 3 Deoghar 4 Hyderabad Ans: 3

Q. China recently became ______arms exporter. 1 The world's second largest 2 The world's fourth largest 3 The world's fifth largest 4 The world's sixth largest Ans: 3

Q. Which research centre announced that it was developing the largest magnet of the world (weight would be 50000 tons)? 1 NASA, USA 2 Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 3 CERN, Geneva 4 ISRO, India Ans: 2

Q. Which compost plant become the first in India to receive carbon credit worth Rs.25 lakh from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change? 1 Mumbai Compost Plant 2 Composting PLant 3 Rotopala Composting Plant 4 Okhla Compost PLant Ans: 4

Q. Which Malaysian budget carrier to launch the new airline along with Tata Group and Telestra Tradeplace? 1 Jet Star 2 Tiger Airways 3 Air Asia 4 Cebu Pacific Ans: 3

Q. Name the two PSUs, which were granted the Maharatna status by the Union in February 2013? 1 ONGC and NTPC 2 BHEL and GAIL 3 ONGC and GAIL 4 Coal India and SAIL Ans:

2

Objective Current Affairs Q. Who has won the "Entrepreneur of the Decade" award conferred by All India Management Association in New Delhi? 1 Mr. 2 Mr. Narayan Murti 3 Mr. Ambani 4 Mr. Sunil Mittal Ans: 3

Q. Who is the winner of prestigious for the 2012? 1 Amar Kant () 2 Dr. Ravuri Bharadwaja (Telgu) 3 (Odia) 4 (Hindi) Ans: 2

Q. The proposed allocation for the newly launched "National Livestock Mission" in the Union Budget 2013-14 is 1 Rs.304 crore 2 Rs.300 crore 3 Rs.310 crore 4 Rs.307 crore Ans: 4

Q. To encourage farmers to switch to alternative crops from rice and wheat, the Budget 2013-14 has pledged 1 Rs.700 crore 2 Rs.600 crore 3 Rs.500 crore 4 Rs.400 crore Ans: 3

Q. The Budget 2013-14 has proposed to allocate for urban transportation under National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) a sum of 1 Rs.14,873 crore 2 Rs.13,873 crore 3 Rs.12,873 crore 4 Rs.10,873 crore Ans: 1

Q. In the Budget 2013-14, how much money has been allocated to the Ministry of Science and Technology? 1 Rs.5,275 crore 2 Rs.7,275 crore 3 Rs.6,275 crore 4 Rs.8,275 crore Ans: 3

Q. How much money has been allocated to the Ministry of Minorities Affairs in the Budget 2013-14? 1 Rs.3,912 crore 2 Rs.3,511 crore 3 Rs.5,511 crore 4 Rs.4,511 crore Ans: 2

Q. Agriculture and allied activities, according to the Economic Survey 2012-13, accounted for Gross Domestic Products 1 14.1 % 2 13 % 3 14 % 4 14.2 % Ans: 1

Q. The Railway Budget 2013-14 has proposed to introduce a new hyper luxury class to be called 1 Udaan 2 Anand 3 Apoorva 4 Anubhuti Ans: 4

Q. According to the 12th Five-Year Plan, India should bring Infant Mortality Rate by the end of the Plan down to 1 27 2 28 3 26 4 25 Ans: 2

Objective Current Affairs Q. By the end of the Plan, the 12th Five-Year Plan aims to train under the Skill Development Mission 1 40 million individuals 2 30 million individuals 3 50 million individuals 4 45 million individuals Ans: 3

Q. The projected average level of the domestic savings rate for the 12th Plan is 1 35.2 % 2 34.6% 3 34.2 % 4 30.1 % Ans: 3

Q. According to the Census 2011, the percentage of Urban Indians connected to a piped sewer system is 1 32.7 % 2 34.6 % 3 46.4 % 4 50.3 % Ans: 1

Q. Which film has bagged the National Film Award for best feature film? 1 Anumati 2 Paan Singh Tomar 3 Dhag 4 Spirit Ans: 2

Q. Who has won the National Film Award as best actor? 1 & Gokhale 2 Lotan 3 Kamal Hasan 4 Ranbir Ans: 1

Q. Who has bagged the National Film Award as best actress? 1 Priyanka Chopra 2 Ananya Chatterjee 3 Usha Jadhav 4 Arundhuti Nag Ans: 3

Q. The 24th Arab League Summit got underway in which of the following city 1 2 Doha 3 Khartun 4 Cairo Ans: 2

Q. Who is the head of the panel on Energy Security constituted by Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas? 1 C. Ranjarajan 2 3 4 Kaushik Basu Ans: 3

Q. Which of the following states has bagged the National Tourism Award? 1 Assam 2 3 Maharashtra 4 Andhra Pradesh Ans: 4

Q. Asia's largest Solar Power Project set at which of the following cities? 1 2 3 Jodhpur 4 Bikaner Ans: 3

Objective Current Affairs Q. India has signed the Tax Information Exchange Agreement (TIEA) on March 28, 2013 at Bern, Switzerland with which of the following country? 1 Switzerland 2 Liechtenstein 3 Mauritius 4 Finland Ans: 2

Q. United Nation has released "One Women" album on the occasion of International Women's Day. Name the Indian Artist who was the member of this album? 1 A. R. Rahaman 2 Anoushka Shankar 3 Sarabhai 4 Amzad Ali Khan Ans: 2

Q. The Government of India and the RBI to introduce one billion pieces of Rs. 10 notes in polymer/plastic on a field trial basis. The field trial will be conducted in five cities. Which of the following is not among them? 1 Shimla 2 Jaipur 3 Nagpur 4 Bhubaneswar Ans: 3

Q. On 12th March 2013 the President of India Mr. Pranab Mukherjee attending the celebration of 45th Anniversary of Independence of which country? 1 Maldive 2 Sri Lanka 3 Vietnaam 4 Mauritius Ans: 4

Q. On February 14th 2013 India has conclude $6 billion Missile deal with which country? 1 Russia 2 France 3 4 USA Ans: 2

Q. The first indigenously developed weaponised helicopter was handed over to Indian Army on 8th February 2013 is - 1 Rudra 2 Varun 3 Chetak 4 Indra Ans: 1

Q. Mata Jijabai Award for 2012 was given to - 1 Smt. Omana T.K 2 Ms. Sonika Agarwal 3 Smt. Olga D’mello 4 Smt. Guramma H. Sankina Ans: 2

Q. Devi Ahilyabai Holkar award, 2012 confer to - 1 Smt. Pranita Talukdar 2 Smt. Omana T.K 3 Smt. Olga D’mello 4 Smt. Guramma H. Sankina Ans: 3

Q. The government on 4 December, 2012 decided to issue Cards to industrialists and industrial associations for easy access to its offices. What is the name of that card? 1 Platinum Cards 2 Silver cards 3 Golden Cards 4 Industrial cards Ans: 3

Q. Union Government of India on 5 December, 2012 cleared the decks for transferring the prime 12.5 acre United Mill land in Mumbai to the Maharashtra government for building a state-of-the-art memorial for an Indian revolutionary and political leader. Name the political leader ___ 1 Vallabh Bhai Patel 2 B. R. Ambedkar 3 Ramabai Ambedkar 4 Balasaheb Thackrey Ans: 2

Objective Current Affairs Q. The Cauvery Monitoring Committee (CMC) on December 7, 2012 asked Karnataka to provide Tamil Nadu with how many TMC (thousand million cubic) feet of Cauvery water during December 2012 ____ 1 12 TMC feet 2 10 TMC feet 3 8 TMC feet 4 6 TMC feet Ans: 1

Q. Where did the American Depositary Shares (ADS) of Infosys, India's second-largest IT services provider start trading on 12 December, 2012? 1 Bombay Stock Exchange 2 National Stock Exchange 3 New York Stock Exchange 4 Singapore Stock Exchange Ans: 3

Q. Scientists in northern discovered a new dinosaur with a large prominent nose which lived about 73 million years ago. what is the name of this new dinosaur? 1 Latirhinus Uitstlani 2 Gigantoraptor 3 Khaan 4 Raptorex Ans: 1

Q. Who was the first top ranking Indian official to visit China after changes in Communist Party of China? 1 Shiv Shankar Menon 2 3 Anand Sharma 4 Somanahalli Mallaiah Krishna Ans: 1

Q. Software engineers as well as neuroscientists at University of Waterloo, Canada claimed that they have developed a closest model of the functioning human brain. What is this artificial human brain called? 1 AbioCor 2 Bioartifical 3 Spaun 4 i-Limb Ans: 3

Q. Boeing, the US aircraft manufacturer claimed that a new missile was tested which can permanently blackout the electronics of the country without causing any harm to people. What is the name of this missile? 1 Mathago 2 CHAMP 3 Ikara 4 ERYX Ans: 2

Q. Government had constituted a panel for suggesting de-control of sugar industry. This panel submitted its report in October 2012 under the Chairmanship of - 1 Anand Sinha 2 C. Rangarajan 3 M. Rafeeq Ahmed 4 Deepak Parekh Ans: 2

Q. Kumbum is a monastery found in which of the following countries? 1 India 2 Thailand 3 China 4 Japan Ans: 3

Q. The Indian Institute of Toxicology Research reported that the water in and around the the deserted Union Carbide plant is contaminated and not fit for consumption. Where is this Union Carbide plant located? 1 Indore 2 3 Jabbalpur 4 Ans: 4

Q. Name the astronaut of Indian American origin who took over the command of International Space Station on September 2012. 1 Rakesh Sharma 2 Kalpana Chawla 3 Sunita Williams 4 Tessy Thomas Ans: 3

Objective Current Affairs Q. World Trade Organization (WTO) has ranked India as the _____ largest player in the global service trade. 1 Fifth 2 Fourth 3 Seventh 4 Sixth Ans: 3

Q. A committee had been constituted to review taxation in IT sector under the Chairmanship of - 1 Anita Kapur 2 N. Rangacharya 3 Y. B. Reddy 4 C. Rangarajan Ans: 2

Q. Which Indian actress was appointed as International Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nation programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)? 1 Aishwarya Rai 2 Katrina Kaif 3 Kareena Kapoor 4 Ans: 1

Q. China recently objected to the participation of an Indian Company in its joint venture with another country for offshore oil exploration. Which one among the following is that country? 1 Taiwan 2 South Korea 3 Sri Lanka 4 Vietnam Ans: 4

Q. ISRO recently gave clearance for using which trequency band from satellite for internet on trains? 1 C Band 2 KU Band 3 S Band 4 3G Spectram Ans: 2

Q. Which among the following states is not awarded Krishi Karman Awards for 2011-12? 1 Madhya Pradesh 2 Manipur 3 Maharastra 4 Nagaland Ans: 3

Q. Who is the chairman of Fourteenth ? 1 Prof Abhijit Sen 2 Dr. Y.V.Reddy 3 Ms. Sushma Nath 4 Dr. M.Govinda Rao Ans: 2

Q. Who is the chairman of the 20th Law Commission of India? 1 Justice Balakrishnan 2 Justice M. Kartzu 3 Justice J. S. Verma 4 Justice D. K. Jain Ans: 4

Q. As per the latest Global Competitiveness Report 2012-13, brought out by World Economic Forum, a Swiss non-profit foundation based in Geneva, India ranks is - 1 59th 2 56th 3 57th 4 58th Ans: 1

Q. “Water Conservation Day” observed on - 1 20th November 2 19th November 3 24th November 4 31st October Ans: 2

Objective Current Affairs Q. National Education Day observed on 1 11th November 2 14th November 3 5th September 4 21st May Ans: 1

Q. Antyodaya scheme is meant to help the 1 Muslims 2 Minorities 3 Poorest of the poor section of the society 4 Harijans Ans: 3

Q. The upcoming Ultra Mega Power Projects(UMPPs) at Cheyyur and Sarguja are located respectively in 1 Kerala and Chhattisgarh 2 Tamil Nadu and Odisha 3 Tamil Nadu and Chhattisgarh 4 Kerala and Odisha Ans: 3

Q. Andheri's newly constructed headquarters of anti-terror force was inaugurated by N. Kumar Reddy on August 13, 2012 in Hyderabad. What is the name of this counter- terrorist commando force? 1 Anti Terrorism Agency (ATA) 2 Organization to Counter Terrorist Operations (Octopus) 3 Anti Terrorism Squad (ATS) 4 Anti Terrorism Operations (ATO) Ans: 2

Q. Which two countries signed Agreement for the Modernisation of Indian Railways? 1 India and Belgium 2 Indian and China 3 USA and India 4 Russia and India Ans: 1

Q. Name the Indian telecom service company which had acquired US firm WPCS International? 1 Shyam Telecom 2 MTNL 3 Tata Teleservices 4 Kavvery Telecom Ans: 4

Q. Which company was directed by the Supreme Court to refund an amount of 17400 crore of rupees to their Investors? 1 Sahara Group of Company 2 Reliance Industries 3 Air India 4 Vodafone Ans: 1

Q. Isle of Wight rock yielded three fossil footprints of Dinosaurs. In which one of the following countries Isle of Wight located? 1 Germany 2 USA 3 Africa 4 UK Ans: 4

Q. Which Indian Company signed a pact with French Energy company GDF Suez to import LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas)? 1 Indian Oil Corporation(IOC) 2 GAIL 3 ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas Corporation) 4 Reliance Petroleum Limited Ans: 2

Q. What was the theme of the annual World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting organized in Davos, Switzerland? 1 Shaping the Post-Crisis World 2 Shared Norms for a New Reality 3 The power of collaborative innovation 4 Improve the state of the world: rethink, redesign, rebuild Ans: 2

Objective Current Affairs Q. Which core sector industry has the highest weight in the Index of Industrial Production (IIP)? 1 Coal 2 Crude Oil 3 Electricity 4 Petroleum refinery Products Ans: 3

Q. Which of the following has a 51:49 joint venture with Japanese automobile company Nissan for manufacturing light commercial vehicles in India? 1 Tata Motors 2 Ashok Leyland 3 Mahindra and Mahindra 4 Bajaj Auto Ans: 4

Q. According to the FDI data released by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on August 10, 2012, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow in India declined to what amount in the April- June quarter of fiscal 2012-13? 1 6.4 billion dollar 2 5 billion dollar 3 5.4 billion dollar 4 7 billion dollar Ans: 3

Q. Which of the following has made the largest inbound foreign direct investment in India till date? 1 Vodafone 2 BP Plc 3 Vedanta Resource 4 Dailchi Sankyo Ans: 1

Q. SEBI, on August 16, 2012 has made it mandatory that all listed companies must have minimum ______public shareholdings by June 2013. 1 10% 2 20% 3 30% 4 25% Ans: 4

Q. Which leading Indian business house sold its group company Centum Learning to Everonn Education? 1 Reliance 2 Bharti Group 3 Toyota 4 LIC Ans: 2

Q. Which among the following countries has given a grant of US $ 1 billion for the reconstruction of the Nalanda University? 1 Japan 2 UK 3 USA 4 China Ans: 4

Q. Which one among the following is the fastest Indian Super-computer recently developed by ISRO? 1 Saga-220 2 Aakash-A1 3 Tianhe-1A 4 Jaguar-Cray Ans: 1

Q. In the year 2011, a missile named 'PRAHAR', developed by DRDO was test fired. This is a - 1 short-range surface to air missile 2 long-range surface to air missile 3 short-range surface to surface missile 4 long-range surface to surface missile Ans: 3

Q. Which one of the following countries had recently joined World Trade Organisation? 1 Myanmar 2 Austria 3 Russia 4 Taiwan Ans: 3

Objective Current Affairs Q. The Thar Express goes to 1 Bangladesh 2 3 Afghanistan 4 Myanmar Ans: 2

Q. Census data related on July 15, 2011 reflects that 13.48 percent urban population lives in 1 2 Uttar Pradesh 3 Rajasthan 4 Maharashtra Ans: 4

Q. National Social Assistance Programme is aimed at providing 1 financial support to Scheduled Castes and scheduled Tribes 2 old age pension to very poor 3 insurance for the poor 4 all of the above Ans: 4

Q. As per studies, the Tummalapalle mine in Andhra Pradesh could have Uranium reserve of 1 1 lakh tonnes 2 2 lakh tonnes 3 1.5 lakh tonnes 4 2.5 lakh tonnes Ans: 3

Q. Who amongst the following is the author of the book Unaccustomed Earth? 1 Jhumpa Lahiri 2 Meera Nair 3 Salman Rushdie 4 Dalai Lama Ans: 1

Q. Which is not a feature of the American Constitution? 1 Written Constitution 2 Federation 3 Cabinet System 4 Republic Ans: 3

Q. China recently objected the participation of an Indian company in its joint venture with another country for offshore oil exploration. which one among the following is that country? 1 Myanmar 2 South Korea 3 Vietnam 4 Taiwan Ans: 3

Q. An African country, Sudan has been broken into two recently with formation of a new country named South Sudan. Economy of South Sudan will depend on its - 1 minerals 2 agricultural product 3 fishery product 4 forest product Ans: 1

Q. Who has been appointed the new Controller General of Accounts on July 1,2012? 1 Jawahar Thakur 2 Neeraj Kumar 3 A.K. Aggarwal 4 Arun Mishra Ans: 1

Q. Who is the author of the book 'Beyond the lines : An Auto-biography'? 1 2 3 Kuldip Nayar 4 General J.J. Singh Ans: 3

Objective Current Affairs Q. Who has been appointed the new German ambassador to India? 1 Marissa Mayer 2 Michael Steiner 3 Ross Csatary 4 None of the above Ans: 2

Q. 'NGRBA' which was recently in news stands for- 1 National Gangotri River Basin Authority 2 National Godavari River Basin Authority 3 National Ganga River Basin Authority 4 None of the above Ans: 3

Q. Who is the author of the book 'Turning Point - A Journey Through Challenges'? 1 A.P.J. Abdul Kalam 2 Hamid Ansari 3 4 None of the above Ans: 1

Q. Who has been awarded the world Food Prize 2012? 1 Kofi Annan 2 Daniel Hillel 3 Ban Ki-Moon 4 None of the above Ans: 2

Q. P.N. Dhar passed away on July 12,2012 in New Delhi. He was a great - 1 Poet 2 Scientist 3 Musician 4 Economist Ans: 4

Q. Who has been appointed the Prime Minister of on July 24, 2012? 1 Mohammed Morsi 2 Kamal Ganzouri 3 Hesham Qandil 4 None of them Ans: 3

Q. Which part of India was included in World Heritage List by UNESCO on July 1,2012? 1 Eastern Ghats 2 Western Ghats 3 Kaziranga National Park 4 Konkan Railway Ans: 2

Q. India's first Mega Food Park became functional on July 9, 2012 in - 1 Jaipur 2 Kanpur 3 Chittoor 4 Ans: 3

Q. Who is China's first woman astronaut? 1 Li Xei 2 Liu Yang 3 Yang Xei 4 None of them Ans: 2

Q. Who is the author of the book 'A Soldier's General'? 1 General V.K. Singh 2 Admiral Nirmal Kumar Verma 3 General J.J. Singh 4 None of them Ans: 3

Objective Current Affairs Q. ISRO recently gave clearance for using which frequency band from satellite for internet on trains? 1 S Band 2 C Band 3 KU Band 4 3G Spectrum Ans: 3

Q. Veteran actor of Bengali Cinema was honoured with one of the following award - 1 Dadasaheb Phalke Award 2 Dadasaheb Phalke Ratna Award 3 Lifetime Achievement Award 4 Sahitya Academy Award Ans: 1

Q. Which of the following Indian actresses has been chosen as the brand ambassador for sanitation programme? 1 Kareena Kapoor 2 Aishwarya Rai 3 Vidya Balan 4 Ans: 3

Q. A centre dedicated to the life and works of is being proposed to be established at - 1 Edinburgh 2 London 3 Tokyo 4 Washington Ans: 1

Q. One of the Asia-Pacific nations has agreed to hold its first ever maritime exercise with India. The nation is - 1 2 USA 3 Japan 4 Vietnam Ans: 2

Q. Muktinath Temple, a pilgrimage destination for is situated at which of the following nation? 1 2 Malaysia 3 Trinidad & Tobago 4 India Ans: 1

Q. Francois Hollande has been elected at the President of which of the following nation? 1 Poland 2 Portugal 3 France 4 Greece Ans: 3

Q. The Teesta treaty has becomes a bone of contention between India and ...? 1 China 2 Pakistan 3 Bangladesh 4 Nepal Ans: 3

Q. Kumbum is a monastery found in which of the country? 1 China 2 India 3 Japan 4 Thailand Ans: 1

Q. A 600 MW solar power park, touted as Asia's first and largest, was dedicated to the person of which one of the following places? 1 Anand, Gujarat 2 Badmer, Rajasthan 3 Jaisalmer, Rajasthan 4 Patan, Gujarat Ans: 4

Objective Current Affairs Q. Which one of the following will be the longest tunnel of India being constructed in J&K? 1 Banihal tunnel 2 Chennai-Nashri tunnel 3 Rohtang tunnel 4 None of them Ans: 2

Q. Government has fixed the Minimum Support Price (MSP) of tur (Arhar) for 2012-13 at 1 Rs 3740 per quintal 2 Rs 3640 per quintal 3 Rs 3940 per quintal 4 Rs 3840 per quintal Ans: 4

Q. A committee had been constituted to review taxation in IT sector under the Chairmanship of - 1 Y.B. Reddy 2 N. Rangachary 3 Anita Kapur 4 Rashmi Sahani Saxena Ans: 2

Q. During April 2011-February-2012, which of the following state stood first in creating largest employment in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)? 1 Uttar Pradesh 2 Karnataka 3 West 4 Andhra Pradesh Ans: 3

Q. Which of the following bank has been awarded Finance Asia Award 2012? 1 AXIS Bank 2 HDFC Bank 3 ICICI Bank 4 Kotak Bank Ans: 4

Q. 4th Advance Estimates of Ministry of Agriculture, puts oilseeds production for 2011-12 at - 1 30.01 MT 2 28.89 MT 3 32.32 MT 4 31.01 MT Ans: 1

Q. Govt. approves an ordinance to completely digitise TV Broad-casting. The entire nation has been targeted to be covered by - 1 2013 2 2014 3 2016 4 2015 Ans: 2

Q. First Nuclear Power Plant in Bushehr. The country reffred here is: 1 Kazakhstan 2 Argentina 3 North Korea 4 Ans: 4

Q. She started her career as an IFS officer and was unanimously elected the 15th Speaker. She was elected to Lok Sabha and representing a constituency in the state of: 1 Jharkhand 2 Madhya Pradesh 3 Bihar 4 Ans: 3

Q. Who among the following is the author of the book "My Country, My Life? 1 A.P.J. Abdul Kalam 2 3 L.K. Advani 4 Shashi Tharoor Ans: 3

Objective Current Affairs Q. In the year 2012, which actor bagged the Best Actor Award at the 59th ? 1 Ranbir Kapoor 2 Appu Kutty 3 4 Hrithik Roshan Ans: 3

Q. Emomali Rahmon recently visited India is the president of 1 Turkmenistan 2 Russia 3 Republic of Tajikistan 4 Ans: 3

Q. Who is the UN Messengers of Peace 1 2 Michael Douglas 3 Monique Coleman 4 Elie Wiesel Ans: 2

Q. Kaushik Basu the ex-economic adviser of PM recently in news, appointed as 1 President of IMF 2 President of World Bank 3 Economic Adviser of UNO 4 Chief Economist of World Bank Ans: 4

Q. The UN theme for the 2012 International Day of Peace is 1 Sustainable Peace 2 Sustainable Future 3 Sustainable Peace for a Sustainable Future. 4 None of the above Ans: 3

Q. The year by which India is expected to achieve total sanitation coverage, as per the Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India is - 1 2017 2 2015 3 2018 4 2019 Ans: 1

Q. Which film actress has been selected as the brand ambassador of Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan? 1 Priyanka Chopra 2 Aishwarya Roy 3 Vidya Balan 4 Katrina Kaif Ans: 3

Q. The joint exercise carried out by the Army and the Indian Air Force in the desert of Rajasthan is named - 1 Neptune 2 Malabar 2012 3 Exercise Shoorveer 4 Bhumi Raksha Ans: 3

Q. For which region of the country the Union Government has cleared a 8,500 crore project under the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)? 1 North eastern region 2 Gorkhaland 3 Bundelkhand 4 Naxalite-affected districts Ans: 4

Q. As per data released by Indian statistical organisation in May 2012, India's Industrial production declined by 3.5 per cent in March 2012, the chief factor behind this decline is - 1 Surplus rain 2 Contraction in manufacturing and mining output 3 Devaluation of rupee 4 Eurozone crisis Ans: 2

Objective Current Affairs Q. Recently Wikipedia city Monmouth has been built. In which city is it located? 1 Australia 2 Canada 3 South Africa 4 USA Ans: 4

Q. has decided to ease the stiff economic and diplomatic sanctions imposed on which country and appointed envoy to her after 22 years? 1 Sri Lanka 2 Myanmar 3 South Africa 4 South Sudan Ans: 2

Q. The Government has launched a scheme called _____ for encourages and enables Overseas Indian Workers to save for their return and resettlement and to save for their old age by providing a co-contribution from the Government, is 1 Pravasi Suraksha Yojana 2 Pravasi Suraksha Yojana 3 Pravasi Suraksha Yojana 4 Pravasi Suraksha Yojana Ans: 3

Q. Who was the father of ? 1 APJ Abdul Kalam 2 M. S. Swaminathan 3 Dr 4 KPS Gill Ans: 3

Q. 16th NAM Summit recently held at 1 Singapore 2 Cairo 3 Teheran 4 Manila Ans: 3

Q. Who is the winner of US Open 2012 in women section? 1 Victoria Azarenka 2 Venus Williams 3 Samantha Stosur 4 Serena Williams Ans: 4

Q. Who is the winner of US Open Tennis 2012 men section? 1 2 Andy Murray 3 Roger Federer 4 Rafel Nadal Ans: 2

Q. Vedanta Alumina is a company operating in the area of 1 Mining 2 Textiles 3 Banking 4 Cement Ans: 1

Q. Which of the following is used as a fuel in Nuclear power stations in India? 1 Tin 2 Thorium 3 Copper 4 All of these Ans: 2

Q. In which one of the following States was the first UID card issued? 1 Maharashtra 2 Assam 3 Manipur 4 West Bangal Ans: 1

Objective Current Affairs Q. Expand the term MGNREGA. 1 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Generation Agency 3 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Generation Act 4 None of these Ans: 1

Q. Which one of the following States has passed a legislation to confiscate the property of corrupt officials and to open schools in these properties? 1 Bihar 2 Jharkhand 3 Rajasthan 4 Haryana Ans: 1

Q. In which one of the following States, Jaitapur Nuclear Power plant is proposed to be set up? 1 Haryana 2 Maharashtra 3 Orissa 4 Karnataka Ans: 2

Q. The Eleventh 'Five-Year Plan' of India is for the Five years ranging from? 1 2007-2012 2 2009-2014 3 2008-2013 4 None of these Ans: 1

Q. The Government of India provides direct financial support to which of the following schemes? 1 Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana 2 Packing Credit Guarantee Scheme 3 ULIP 4 All of the above Ans: 1

Q. The Reserve Bank does not have an office in 1 Gulbarga 2 Kanpur 3 Jaipur 4 Bhopal Ans: 1

Q. Which one of the following is the objective of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)issued by the Government? 1 To ensure that Companies take steps for rehabilitation of project-affected people 2 To ensure that Companies use some of their profits for educating the project-affected people 3 To ensure that Companies provide health care to project-affected people 4 None of these Ans: 1

Q. The disease which has been declared by the Union Government to be a mandatorily notifiable in order to provide better diagnosis and treatment and reduce its transmission is - 1 Tuberculosis 2 Diabetes 3 Malaria 4 Cancer Ans: 1

Q. The first Credit Information Company in India was - 1 CARE 2 ICRA 3 CIBIL 4 None of the above Ans: 3

Q. To review the determination of poverty line by Suresh Tendulkar Committee, Planning Commission has constituted a committee under the chairmanship - 1 S.K. Goel 2 C. Rangrajan 3 Mihir Shah 4 Prakash Bukshi Ans: 2

Objective Current Affairs Q. All services excluding services in negative list have been brought under the umbrella of service tax w.e.f. July 1, 2012. How many services have been included in the negative list? 1 17 2 15 3 21 4 19 Ans: 1

Q. For 2011-12, the external debt as percentage of GDP stands at - 1 22% 2 20% 3 23% 4 25% Ans: 2

Q. With reference to The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) report which one of the following statements is correct? 1 By 2030 even two planet Earths would not be enough to sustain human activity 2 Biodiversity has decreased by an average of 50 per cent globally since 1970 The world would have to be 50 per cent bigger to have enough land and forests to provide 3 for current levels of consumption and carbon emissions 4 The report is titled Living Planet Report 2012 Ans: 2

Q. With a view to strengthening regional financial and economic cooperation the Reserved Bank of India has announced Swap Arrangement of how much amount of US$ billion both in foreign currency and Indian rupee for SAARC member countries? 1 USD 2 billion 2 USD 2.5 billion 3 USD 4.5 billion 4 USD 3.25 billion Ans: 1

Q. In the 12th Five Year Plan the Government of India has proposed to invest for development of various projects in port sector the amount of 1 73,893.95 crore 2 76,793.95 crore 3 76,000.00 crore 4 75,793.95 crore Ans: 2

Q. India has signed a key tax information exchange agreement and another pact on information technology to accelerate economic and joint investment with- 1 Qatar 2 Yaman 3 Iraq 4 Bahrain Ans: 4

Q. Which country took over the rotating presidency of the UN Security Council in June 2012? 1 China 2 Iraq 3 India 4 Iran Ans: 1

Q. Which country has increased its defence budget by nearly 10 per cent to 545 billion rupees ($ 5.8 billion) for the 2012-13? 1 India 2 Iran 3 Iraq 4 Pakistan Ans: 4

Q. Who authored the book Mind Positive, Life Positive ? 1 Buta Singh 2 Sushma 3 S. Joginder Singh 4 Sonia Gandhi Ans: 3

Q. Who had been made the President of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development(EBRD)? 1 Bobby Jindal 2 Adi Goderej 3 Mr. Suma Chakrabarti 4 Rahul Khullar Ans: 3

Objective Current Affairs Q. The World Environment Day was observed across the globe on June 5,2012. Theme for the World Environment Day 2012 was - 1 Water-all we need 2 Green Economy : Does it include you? 3 Forests-Nature at your Service 4 None of the above Ans: 2

Q. IREDA (Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Ltd.) an independent Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) was established in 1 1988 2 1985 3 1987 4 1986 Ans: 3

Q. SSS-NIRE (Sardar National Institute of Renewable Energy) working in bio-energy, bio-fuel, synthetic fuel etc is located at 1 Mumbai 2 Wadala Kalan, Kapurthala (Punjab) 3 4 Dehradun Ans: 2

Q. RGAUD (Rajiv Gandhi Akshay Urja Diwas) i.e. Rajiv Gandhi Renewable Energy Day, Sadbhavana Day is celebrate each year on the birth day of ex. PM Rajiv Gandhi. His birth day is 1 20th November 2 20th December 3 20th August 4 20th October Ans: 3

Q. The Solar Evapo-Cooking System (SECS) for controlling excretion of CO2 in atmosphere and to save LPG amount during food cooking for 20000 people daily in Shri Sai Baba Institute Nyas, Shirdi (Maharashtra)was established in 1 June 2012 2 June 2009 3 June 2011 4 June 2010 Ans: 4

Q. The estimates of National Income are prepared by- 1 National Development Council 2 National Productivity Council 3 National Income Council 4 Central Statistical Organization Ans: 4

Q. The State who launched "Atal Khadyanna Yojna" is - 1 Bihar 2 Gujarat 3 4 Jharkhand Ans: 3

Q. The first Lokpal Bill was presented in the Parliament in - 1 1968 2 1967 3 1971 4 1972 Ans: 1

Q. Which of the following is the latest country to reach an agreement on civil nuclear cooperation with India? 1 Australia 2 South Korea 3 China 4 Israel Ans: 1

Q. Montreal Protocol is related with the protection of - 1 Green house gases 2 Acid rain 3 Ozone layer 4 Endangered species Ans: 3

Objective Current Affairs Q. Which one of the following is the most fragile eco-system that will be first affected by global warming? 1 Arctic and Greenland Ice sheet 2 Amazon rain forest 3 Taiga 4 Indian Monsoon Ans: 1

Q. Who amongst the following is the author of the book "To A Hunger Free World"? 1 Amartya Sen 2 C. Rangarajan 3 4 M.S. Swaminathan Ans: 4

Q. The Government of India has launched an Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) to monitor certain disease. Which of the following is not covered under the project? 1 Malaria 2 Polio 3 Plague 4 Tuberculosis Ans: 3

Q. "Swayamsidha" is a scheme launched by the Government of India to help. 1 Women only 2 School children only 3 Health workers only 4 None of these Ans: 1

Q. In the financial newspapers we read about International Growth. What are the activities involved in Industrial Sector for the purposes of economic planning? 1 Mining 2 Manufacturing 3 Construction 4 All of the above Ans: 4

Q. A person eligible to become the President of India should not be less than 1 60 years of age 2 35 years of age 3 40 years of age 4 50 years of age Ans: 2

Q. Who amongst the following has written the book "The City of Joy"? 1 Ingram Smith 2 V. Harrison 3 Dominique Lapierre 4 Guentar Grass Ans: 3

Q. India's first Defence University is set up in 1 Haryana 2 Uttar Pradesh 3 Punjab 4 Delhi Ans: 1

Q. The Supreme Court of India has upheld the Government's decision to provide reservation to Other Backward Class candidates in central educational institutes. How much reservation they get? 1 27% 2 13% 3 15% 4 20% Ans: 1

Q. Who amongst the following Indians has featured in the list of 'World's 100 most influential Women", selected by the "Time" Magazine? 1 Mamata Banerjee 2 3 4 Pratibha Patil Ans: 1

Objective Current Affairs Q. "Vachaspati Puraskars" are given by the 1 Madhya Pradesh Government 2 Uttar Pradesh Hindi Akademy 3 Birla Foundation 4 None of these Ans: 3

Q. Which of the following films was given the award of "the Best Motion Picture of the Year" by Oscar Foundation? 1 There will be Blood 2 No country for Old Men 3 Peter & the Wolf 4 None of these Ans: 2

Q. Who amongst the following was the Chairman of the Second Administrative Reforms Commission who submitted its report to the Government a few months back? 1 Veerappa Moily 2 Natwar Singh 3 M.S. Gill 4 None of these Ans: 1

Q. Which of the following companies/commissions of Indians Origin signed a pact for obtaining oil blocks in Libya? 1 Reliance Petroleum 2 Oil India Ltd. 3 Oil & Natural Gas Corporation 4 None of these Ans: 2

Q. Which of the following companies of Indian Origin has become the first Indian Company to launch financial services to retail investors in China? 1 Bajaj Finance 2 SBI Capital Markets 3 Reliance Anil Group 4 None of these Ans: 3

Q. Tata Motors has signed a long term partnership agreement with which of the following auto companies? 1 Ford Motor Company 2 Maruti Suzuki 3 Toyota Motor Corporation 4 None of these Ans: 1

Q. Many times we read in financial newspapers/magazines about "Share Swap" done by big corporates. What is "Share Swap"? (A) A business takeover in which acquiring company uses its own stock to pay for the acquired company (B) When a company uses its own shares to get some short term loan for working capital requirement, it is known as Share Swap (C) When companies are required to float a new issue to earn capital for their expansion programmes, each shareholder gets some additional preferential shares. The process of the allotment of preferential share is known as Share Swap. 1 Only A 2 Only B 3 Only C 4 None of these Ans: 1

Q. On the basis of the study done by the Government of India, various states were divided into two groups "Low Poverty States", "High Poverty States". Which of the following is not a low poverty state? 1 Kerala 2 Orissa 3 Karnataka 4 Gujarat Ans: 2

Q. As reported in the major financial newspapers the Federal Reserve has made certain changes/corrections in its base federal funds rates. This act of the Federal Reserve will bring an effect directly and immediately on the banks located in 1 USA 2 China 3 Japan 4 Russia Ans: 1

Q. Which of the following countries has the largest cheques truncation facility in Asia? 1 China 2 India 3 Myanmar 4 None of these Ans: 2

Objective Current Affairs Q. Which of the following is the name of the asset reconstruction company created by various banks in India? 1 ARCIL 2 HCR 3 SEBI 4 None of these Ans: 1

Q. India does not have a single branch/office of any one of its banks in which of the following countries? 1 USA 2 Russia 3 Nepal 4 Switzerland Ans: 4

Q. RISAT-1, which was put in orbit in April 2012 by PSLV-C19, is the heaviest satellite launched by India so far with a weight of 1 1,658 kg 2 1,768 kg 3 1,858 kg 4 1,968 kg Ans: 3

Q. The two-day 20th ASEAN Summit was held in Phnom Penh, Cambodia in 2012 in the month of 1 February 2 March 3 April 4 May Ans: 3

Q. Abd-Rabbu Mansour was recently elected as the President of which one of the following Arab nation? 1 Yemen 2 Iraq 3 Oman 4 Iran Ans: 1

Q. Name the Tamil author who was announced the winner of the Saraswati Samman 2011 by K.K. Birla Foundation announced on March 22, 2012 for his book Irama Kathaiyum Iramayakalum. 1 Jeyamohan 2 Dhanushkodi Ramasamy 3 A.A. Manavalan 4 Sundara Ramasami Ans: 3

Q. Which legendary versatile Bengali actor was on March 21,2012 selected for India's highest film honour the Dadasaheb Phalke Award for 2012? 1 Prasanjeet Chatterjee 2 Soumitra Chatterjee 3 Ranjit Mallick 4 Suvendu Chakroborty Ans: 2

Q. Union Rural Development Minister Jairam Ramesh during his tour of Maharashtra's Satara district announced on March 11,2012 a national award for sanitation and water in the name of which of the following Maharashtrian saints? 1 Sant Gadge Baba 2 Sant Yoga Paramanandar 3 Bhaktha Pundarikar 4 Bhaktha Goma Bai Ans: 1

Q. Akali Dal Chief Prakash Singh Badal, sworn in as the chief minister of Punjab on March 14, 2012. Badal became the chief minister of the state for- 1 Fourth time 2 Fifth time 3 Third time 4 Second time Ans: 2

Q. Which one of the following state governments imposed restrictions on the visit of foreign tourists to the areas inhabited by Tribals? 1 Odisha 2 Bihar 3 Madhya Pradesh 4 Uttar Pradesh Ans: 1

Objective Current Affairs Q. Indian black eagle was spotted in the Aravali Biodiversity park after a gap of ____ years. 1 60 2 70 3 80 4 90 Ans: 4

Q. Recently India has raised its objection over the construction of the Zangmu dam. In this Context which country is building this Zangmu dam? 1 Pakistan in Pol 2 Bangladesh on the Brahmaputra river 3 China on the Brahmaputra 4 Pakistan with the help of china assistance Ans: 3

Q. Kundankulam Nuclear Power Plant is being established in - 1 Tamil Nadu 2 Karnataka 3 Kerala 4 Andhra Pradesh Ans: 1

Q. Which one of the following States/Union Territories has the least number of females per 1000 males as per provisional figures of Census 2011? 1 Daman and Diu 2 Dadar and Nagar Haveli 3 Haryana 4 Puducherry Ans: 1

Q. Which of the following has the highest share in power generation in India? 1 Thermal power 2 Nuclear power 3 Hydro power 4 All the above have equal share Ans: 1

Q. Volkswagen launched the new IPL edition of Vento and Polo. Volkswagen is a car maker head quartered in 1 Itali 2 Japan 3 South Korea 4 Germany Ans: 4

Q. The White House on February 10,2012 named India's renowned economist as the recipient of the 2011 US National Humanities Medal, Identify him - 1 Usha Thorat 2 C. Rangarajan 3 Amartya Sen 4 Montek SIngh Ahluwalia Ans: 3

Q. Pakistani archaeologists discovered a rare Indus Valley civilization era seal in steatite dating back to 2500-2000 BC from the Cholistan area of which of the following province in Pakistan? 1 FATA 2 Balochistan 3 Punjab Province 4 Sindh Province Ans: 3

Q. The new President of the World Bank to take charge w.e.f July 2012 is - 1 Jim Young Kim 2 Robert Zoellick 3 Christine Lagarde 4 Obiageli Katryn Ezekwesili Ans: 1

Q. In 'Meritorious Awards' of SCOPE for the year 2010 - 11, which of the following Public Sector company has been awarded the Gold Trophy for the best corporate governance? 1 ONGC 2 HAL 3 GAIL 4 SAIL Ans: 4

Objective Current Affairs Q. As per the latest estimates of Planning Commission, what was the total population percentage was below poverty line in the year 2009-10? 1 42% 2 25.5% 3 29.8% 4 37.2% Ans: 3

Q. 'Environment Excellency' award under SCOPE Meritorious Awards 2010-11 has been given to - 1 SAIL 2 ONGC 3 EIL 4 IOC Ans: 2

Q. Finance Minister in his rollback announcements in budget proposals 2012-13 deferred GAAR for - 1 Three year 2 One year 3 Two year 4 Till end of 12th plan Ans: 2

Q. South Sudan has become a member of International Monetary Fund (IMF). It became IMF's - 1 189th Member 2 187th Member 3 186th Member 4 188th Member Ans: 4

Q. How many Indian Companies have been included in Forbes 2000 list of the year 2012? 1 71 2 61 3 57 4 65 Ans: 2

Q. National Dairy Plan (Phase - I) has been launched to give a boost to milk production in the country. In the first phase this plan will cover - 1 All states except North Eastern region 2 Only Gujarat 3 Only 14 states 4 Only 5 states Ans: 3

Q. 20th Summit of ASEAN was held on April3-4,2012 in - 1 Phnom Penh(Cambodia) 2 Bankok (Thailand) 3 Singapore 4 Jakarta (Indonesia) Ans: 1

Q. 6 MMTPA pellet making plant in Odisha has been commissioned by - 1 Tata Steels 2 Essar Steels 3 Jindal Steels 4 Steel Authority of India Ltd. Ans: 2

Q. Which of the following telecom authority has recently given the power to act like a civil court? 1 Depart of Telecommunication(DoT) 2 Telecom Regulatory Authority of India(TRAI) 3 Wireless Planning & Coordination (WPC) Wing 4 Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) Ans: 2

Q. Recently the Union Government of India has set up NATGRID. It is related to which one of the following? 1 Health 2 Intelligence 3 Education 4 Space Ans: 2

Objective Current Affairs Q. The Government of India has recently set up Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC). It will be headed by which of the followings - 1 Finance Minister 2 Economic Advisor to the Prime Minister 3 Governor of RBI 4 Prime Minister Ans: 3

Q. Which of the following national organization has completed 150th year of its existence in 2011? 1 Zoological Survey of India 2 Archaeological Survey of India 3 Anthropological Survey of India 4 Geological Survey of India Ans: 2

Q. Mutual Acceptance of Data (MAD) in the Assessment of Chemicals, a multilateral agreement supported by which one of the followings - 1 WEF 2 WTO 3 OECD 4 IMF Ans: 3

Q. Which one of the state assembly has recently passed a Bill seeking a seven year jail term for the cow slaughter or even transporting the animal for that purpose? 1 Maharashtra 2 Gujarat 3 Uttarakhand 4 Chhattisgarh Ans: 2

Q. "The man who knew infinity" is a biography written by Robert Kanigel. This biography belongs to which one of the following? 1 Srinivasa Ramanujan 2 Jagdish Bhagvati 3 Dr. C. V. Raman 4 V. Ramakrishanan Ans: 1

Q. Which one of the following state/UT has recently launched e-PDS in its bid to achieve transparency in the distribution of food supplies through the Public Distribution System? 1 Delhi 2 Chhattisgarh 3 Tamil Nadu 4 Puducherry Ans: 3

Q. The is going to establish a Chair for Indian studies in the name of which one of the following Indian mentor? 1 Rabindranath Tagore 2 3 Ramkrishna Paramhans 4 Sri Ravishankar Ans: 2

Q. One of the State Governments in India has declared tea as the "State Drink" to encourage tea farmers. The state is - 1 Assam 2 Kerala 3 West Bengal 4 Tamil Nadu Ans: 1

Q. What is the tax free income level for woman for the financial year 2012-13 (i.e. the assessment year 2013-14)? 1 Rs. 2.00 lakh 2 Rs. 1.80 lakh 3 Rs. 2.20 lakh 4 Rs. 2.50 lakh Ans: 1

Q. Out of the total expenditure as shown in regular Budget 2012-13, the maximum share goes to - 1 Defence 2 Subsidy Payment 3 Central Plan Outlay 4 Interest Payment Ans: 3

Objective Current Affairs Q. In the list of Forbes' billionaires 2012, who became the richest person in the world? 1 Warren Buffet 2 Mukesh Ambali 3 4 Carlos Slim Ans: 4

Q. For the year 2012-13, the dis-investment target set by the government in Union Budget 2012-13 is - 1 Rs 45,000 crore 2 Rs 35,000 crore 3 Rs 40,000 crore 4 Rs 30,000 crore Ans: 4

Q. In Budget 2012-13, the revenue deficit (Budget Estimates) for 2012-13 has been estimated at - 1 5.5% of GDP 2 4.4% of GDP 3 3.4% of GDP 4 3% of GDP Ans: 3

Q. As per 2012-13 Budget, the income tax rate of 30% will be applicable for tax payers above the income - 1 Rs. 12.0 lakh 2 Rs. 8.0 lakh 3 Rs. 8.5 lakh 4 Rs. 10.0 lakh Ans: 4

Q. According to Economic Survey 2011-12 in India's external debt for the year 2010-11 debt to GDP ratio stands at - 1 17.9% 2 20.5% 3 17.8% 4 18.9% Ans: 3

Q. During 2011-12, the union government sold 5% share in ONGC. The revenue earned by this investment stood at - 1 12981 crore 2 12767 crore 3 13767 crore 4 13205 crore Ans: 2

Q. The estimated fiscal deficit for the year 2012-13 as shown in Budget 2012-13 stands at - 1 6.9% 2 5.1% 3 5.6% 4 6.7% Ans: 2

Q. Which of the following changes have been brought in Egypt after the recent popular uprising that overthrew President Hosni Mubarak? 1. Adopting a new constitution. 2. Reducing presidential term from 6 years to 4 years. 3. Limiting the president to two terms. 4. Presidential candidate must be over 40 years. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 1 and 2 2 2, 3 and 4 3 3 and 4 only 4 2 and 4 only Ans: 2

Q. Which one of the following teams won the maximum number of gold medals in the 34th national Games 2011 held in Jharkhand? 1 Manipur 2 Services 3 Haryana 4 Maharashtra Ans: 2

Q. Consider the following statements about National Knowledge Commission: 1. It is an advisory body to the Prime Minister constituted as per the provisions of the . 2. Mr.Sam Pitroda is the Chairman of the Commission. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 Neither 1 nor 2 2 1 only 3 Both 1 and 2 4 2 only Ans: 4

Objective Current Affairs Q. The 'Shillong Declaration', in news recently, was on 1 Food Security Act 2 Right to Information Act 3 Right to Education Act 4 Prevention of Corruption Act Ans: 2

Q. According to the Economic Survey 2011-12, the share of service sector in India's GDP during 2010-11 has been estimated at - 1 63.3% 2 49.6% 3 55.1% 4 58.2% Ans: 3

Q. The target to limit union government's expenditure on subsidy (as % of GDP) during 2012-13 stand at - 1 3.5% 2 3.0% 3 4.0% 4 2% Ans: 4

Q. According to the figure as shown in Economic Survey 2011-12, the saving - investment gap which was 2.8% in 2009-10 became/remained - 1 3.1% 2 2.8% 3 2.7% 4 2.5% Ans: 2

Q. As per Economic Survey 2011-12, the advance estimate of agriculture sector's contribution in country's GDP for the year 2011-12 stands at - 1 13.9% 2 16.3% 3 14.5% 4 18.2% Ans: 1

Q. India's first space based Solar Coronograph is 1 ADITYA 2 ADITYA I 3 ADITYA II 4 ADITYA III Ans: 2

Q. Who is nominated as the India's Chief-de-Mission for London Olympics 2012? 1 KPS Gill 2 3 4 Suresh Kalmadi Ans: 2

Q. Who is selected as the Women's Professional Golf PLayer of the Year 2011-12? 1 Aditi Ashok 2 Vani Kapoor 3 Smriti Mehra 4 Pallavi Jain Ans: 3

Q. Which state wins the best State Award 2012 for strengthening the Panchayati Raj Institutions? 1 Rajasthan 2 Gujarat 3 4 Kerala Ans: 3

Q. As per participation of women in politics India's rank stands at 1 110 2 105 3 104 4 101 Ans: 105

Objective Current Affairs Q. Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh paid a visit in December 2011 to - 1 Tokyo 2 Melbourne 3 Wellington 4 Moscow Ans: 4

Q. Annual Defence Diologue was held in December 2011 between India and - 1 China 2 Afghanistan 3 Russia 4 Pakistan Ans: 1

Q. Consider the following statements on NATGRID - (i) NATGRID has been formed to link database for inputs to combat terrorism. (ii) It is meant to improve India's capability to counter threats to its internal security. Choose the right option: 1 Both (i) and (ii) are correct 2 Only (i) is correct 3 Only (ii) is correct 4 Neither (i) nor (ii) is correct Ans: 1

Q. The report by Wildlife Institute of India enlisted major threats to three tiger reserves which are Kalakad-Mundanthurai tiger reserve, Anamalai and Mudumalai. In which one of the following stated are these tiger reserves located? 1 Bihar 2 Tamil Nadu 3 West Bengal 4 Kerala Ans: 2

Q. Who have been awarded with FIFA World Player of the Year 2011 Trophy? 1 Lionel Messi 2 Xavi Fernandez 3 Christiano Ronaldo 4 None of these Ans: 1

Q. Uttarakhand state cabinet on October 29, 2011 cleared Uttarakhand Lokayukta Bill, 2011. Consider the following features of the bill- (i) The Chief Minister of the state, all ministers, MLAs and lower judiciary will be under the purview of Lokayukta. (ii) Judges of the Uttarakhand High Court will not be covered under the purview of Lokayukta. Choose the right option- 1 Both (i) and (ii) are correct 2 Only (i) is correct 3 Only (ii) is correct 4 Neither (i) nor (ii) is correct Ans: 1

Q. Which Bengali film was selected as the inaugural film at the 11th edition of River to River Florence Indian Film Festival, 2011, in Florence, Italy in December 2011? 1 100% Love 2 Khokababu 3 Chaplin 4 Bedroom Ans: 3

Q. Name the legendary Bollywood playback singer who entered the Guinness world Records for the most number of single studio recordings? 1 2 Asha Bhonsle 3 Shreya Ghoshal 4 Suchitra Krisnamurthy Ans: 2

Q. Which one of the following became the first Indian state to launch health insurance policy covering all its people? 1 Kerala 2 Haryana 3 Bihar 4 Ans: 4

Q. West Bengal State cabinet approved the newly drafted land acquisition and resettlement Bill. Consider the following features of the Bill- (i) The private enterprises would have to acquire land for their projects directly from the landowners. (ii) The new policy provides that the government would acquire land only for projects of public utility like building, hospitals, irrigation projects, bridges, laying railway tracks, setting up of embankments, and projects relating to internal secu 1 Both (i) and (ii) are correct 2 Only (i) is correct 3 Only (ii) is correct 4 Nither (i) nor (ii) is correct Ans: 1

Objective Current Affairs Q. Which one of the following state governments announced free housing for Schedule Castes living in jhuggis under the Rajiv Ratna Yojana? 1 Tamil Nadu 2 Uttar Pradesh 3 Delhi 4 Kerala Ans: 3

Q. Name the Indian Union Minster who represented India at the meeting of the Heads of Governments of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) in St. Petersburg on November 7,2011. 1 Union Minister of External Affairs S.M. Krishna 2 Union Power Minister Shinde 3 Union Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises Vilasrao Deshmukh 4 Union Minister of New and Renewable Energy Dr. Farooq Abdullah Ans: 2

Q. Which one of the following ministries launched a scheme, Adivasi Shiksha Yojana on November 2,2011? 1 Tribal Affairs Ministry 2 Ministry of Rural Development 3 Home Ministry 4 Ministry of Power Ans: 1

Q. Social activist who was chosen for the Basava award for the year 2010 for excellence in service in the social sector by the Karnataka State Government? 1 Medha Patkar 2 C.R. Neelakandan 3 4 Reetika Khera Ans: 1

Q. Which one of the following governments launched Kishori scheme for adolescent girls? 1 Delhi state government 2 Odisha state government 3 Bihar state government 4 Haryana state government Ans: 1

Q. The Delhi Assembly on December 1, 2011 passed the Delhi Municipal Corporation, MCD (Amendment) Bill-2011 to trifurcate the civic body with voice vote. The MCD came into existence on- 1 April 5, 1950 2 April 7, 1958 3 March 10, 1960 4 November 2, 1990 Ans: 2

Q. The Golden Peacock award for the Best films at the 42nd International Film Festival of India which came to an end at the Kala Academy in Panaji, Goa on December 3,2011? 1 Russian Film Elena 2 Columbian Film Porfirio 3 Film Adaminte Makan Abu 4 An Israeli Film Restoration Ans: 2

Q. Readers of International travel magazine Conde Nast Traveller voted which city in Rajasthan as the best leisure destination in India? 1 Udaipur 2 Jaipur 3 Bikaner 4 jaisalmer Ans: 1

Q. The Chhattisgarh government on Dec. 7, 2011 decided to raise the percentage of reservation for the scheduled tribes and schedule caste. The STs will now get___ whereas the SCs will get____ reservation. 1 32;32 2 32;12 3 12;32 4 12;12 Ans: 2

Q. The book 'Non-Stop India' by a journalist-author was recently launched. Name the journalist-author who authored the book? 1 Babita Sharma 2 Jane Hill 3 Sophie Raworth 4 Mark Tully Ans: 4

Objective Current Affairs Q. The 40th Anniversary of Vijay Diwas was celebrated on which day marking the finest hour of the Indian armed forces when they defeated Pakistan, leading to the creation of Bangladesh in 1971? 1 December 16 2 December 12 3 December 15 4 December 18 Ans: 1

Q. The Cabinet on December 15, 2011 approved amendment to the state industrial policy. Consider the following statements - (i) The amended industrial policy seeks to promote environmentally sustainable development in the state and encourage cleaner production and adoption. (ii) Under this policy, disincentive industries will be put on negative list. 1 Both (i) and (ii) are correct 2 Only (i) is correct 3 Neither (i) nor (ii) is correct 4 Only (ii) is correct Ans: 1

Q. The Supreme Court of India directed Tamil Nadu to ensure that the water level in the Mullaperiyar dam does not exceed but declined to entertain Kerala's plea for reducing the level to 1 150 feet; 140 feet 2 136 feet; 120 feet 3 120 feet; 136 feet 4 140 feet; 112 feet Ans: 2

Q. Name the (RLD) leader who was inducted into the Union Cabinet as Civil Aviation Minister on December 18, 2011? 1 Jayant Chaudhary 2 Ajit Sing 3 Devendra Nagpal 4 Sanjay Singh Chauhan Ans: 2

Q. India's Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) showed a 3 point decline, dropping to what number per 1,000 live births, as per government data released on December 28,2011? 1 47 2 43 3 55 4 50 Ans: 1

Q. Maharashtra government planned to provide freemedicare for poor families. Consider the following statements: (i) The plan will benefit 50 lakh families (ii) The plan will cover eight districts in state Choose the right option - 1 Both (i) and (ii) are correct 2 Neither (i) nor (ii) is correct 3 Only (ii) is correct 4 Only (i) is correct Ans: 1

Q. Lok Sabha on December 27, 2011 passed the Lokpal and Lokayukta Bill, 2011. Consider the following statements- (i) The setting up of Lokayuktas by the states would not be mandatory (ii) The constitutional amendment Bill fell through Choose the right option- 1 Both (i) and (ii) are correct 2 Only (i) is correct 3 Only (ii) is correct 4 Neither (i) nor (ii) is correct Ans: 1

Q. Where was the midnight international marathon held recently? 1 Delhi 2 Mumbai 3 Bangalore 4 Kolkata Ans: 3

Q. Which country is set to open military base in Indian Ocean? 1 China 2 Russia 3 North Korea 4 None of the above Ans: 1

Q. who has been named PGA Tour Player of the Year? 1 Luke Donald 2 Tiger Woods 3 Ian Poulter 4 Rory Mcllroy Ans: 1

Objective Current Affairs Q. Which has been selected as best public sector bank in India? 1 Bank of Baroda 2 SBI 3 PNB 4 ICICI Ans: 1

Q. Who won the under-14 boys American Cup Tennis Championship in Miami, Florida? 1 Dusan Vukicevic 2 David Volfson 3 Benjamin Hennestad 4 Sumit Nagal Ans: 4

Q. Name the NRI architect who won Glory of India Award and Certificate of Excellence recently? 1 S.R. Nathan 2 Ar Mohammed Aun 3 Surendra Kumar Kaushik 4 None of the above Ans: 2

Q. Which Indian state is set to get Green Field Industrial Corridor? 1 Arunachal Pradesh 2 Mizoram 3 Manipur 4 Manipur Ans: 1

Q. Who is the 2nd person to score double century in One-day International Cricket? 1 Virendra Sehwag 2 3 R. Ashwin 4 M.S. Dhoni Ans: 1

Q. Name the Iranian Teenager who won World Snooker title recently - 1 Steve Mizerak 2 Lee Walkar 3 Hossein Vafaei Ayouri 4 None of the above Ans: 3

Q. At the end-September 2011, the foreign debt on India stood at - 1 $ 326.6 billion 2 $ 306.4 billion 3 $ 336.6 billion 4 $ 342.4 billion Ans: 1

Q. The share of concessional debt in total foreign debt on India was 15.5% at end-March 2011 which at end-September 2011 became- 1 14.7% 2 15.0% 3 15.9% 4 16.2% Ans: 1

Q. As per the latest figures released by the Ministry of Agriculture, the per capita per day foodgrain availability in India stands at - 1 440 gm 2 900 gm 3 280 gm 4 580 gm Ans: 1

Q. The both houses of the Parliament have passed the Bill of raising paid-up capital of Life Insurance Corporation of India in December 2011. This Bill after the notification as Act will raise the paid-up capital to- 1 25 crore 2 50 crore 3 100 crore 4 200 crore Ans: 3

Objective Current Affairs Q. United Nations Organisation (UNO) has declared to celebrate 2012 as- 1 Year of Cooperatives 2 Year of Banking 3 Year of Global Recovery 4 Year of Prosperity Ans: 1

Q. At end-September 2011, the proportion of short-term debt in country's total foreign debt stood at- 1 25.0% 2 19.6% 3 23.3% 4 21.9% Ans: 4

Q. Which of the following is true for RBI's third-quarter monetary policy review announced on January 24, 2012? 1 Only changed CRR 2 Both Repo and CRR changed 3 Only Repo changed 4 Only Bank Rate changed Ans: 1

Q. After the announcement of RBI's third quarter review of monetary policy 2011-12, which of the following rate remains the lowest? 1 Cash Reserve Ratio 2 Bank Rate 3 Repo Rate 4 Reserve Repo Rate Ans: 1

Q. During the first nine months of the year 2011-12, country's exports aggregated to $217.6 billion, showing a year-on-year growth of - 1 16.8% 2 18.4% 3 23.3% 4 25.6% Ans: 4

Q. During the period April-December 2011, of the financial year 2011-12, India's trade deficit stood at - 1 $ 133.3 billion 2 $121.3 billion 3 $ 129.6 billion 4 $ 139.2 billion Ans: 1

Q. Which is the first Indian Bank to open a branch in Saudi Arabia? 1 Central Bank of India 2 AXIX Babk 3 ICICI Bank 4 SBI Ans: 4

Q. Which country possesses the largest gold jewelry market in the world? 1 India 2 USA 3 UAE 4 China Ans: 1

Q. The Cheque/draft validity period is being revised w.e.f. April 1, 2012. What is true regarding stipulation? 1 From 6 months to 3 months 2 From one year to 9 months 3 from 6 months to one month 4 From 3 months to one month Ans: 1

Q. Forward Markets Commission is financial regulator of - 1 Commodity Future Markets 2 Mutual Funds 3 Micro Finance 4 Non-life Insurance Ans: 1

Objective Current Affairs Q. Life Insurance companies have been allowed to approach capital markets with their public issues by IRDA. What is the eligibility norm for insurance companies to be permitted to adopt this approach? 1 Insurance companies require to be ten years old 2 Insurance companies require to show profits for the last three years 3 Insurance companies doing business of more than Rs. 10,000 crore would be eligible 4 All of the above Ans: 1

Q. The new Chairman of FIEO (Federation of Indian Export Organisation) taken charge in January 2012 is - 1 M. Rafeeque Ahmed 2 Rajendra Pawar 3 Reeta Menon 4 Lalit K. Panwar Ans: 1

Q. At end-September 2011, in composition of India's foreign debt, the highest share goes to - 1 Commercial Borrowings 2 NRI deposits 3 Multilateral Debt 4 All above have almost equal share Ans: 1

Q. Government has notofied to change the FDI ceiling in single brand retailing - 1 From 51% to 75% 2 From 49% to 51% 3 From 74% to 100% 4 From 51% to 100% Ans: 4

Q. As on April 1, 2011 status, Geological Survey of India has estimated coal reserves in the country at- 1 267.21 billion tonne 2 276.32 billion tonne 3 285.87 billion tonne 4 298.87 billion tonne Ans: 3

Q. Which of the following Indian Airlines is going to join 'One world' global alliance from February 10, 2012? 1 Kingfisher 2 Jet Air 3 Indigo 4 Spice Jet Ans: 1

Q. EPFO (Employees Providend Fund Organisation) has made a plan to fix minimum pension for its subscribers at- 1 750 per month 2 1,000 per month 3 1,250 per month 4 1, 500 per month Ans: 2

Q. FICCI in its Economic Outlook Survey has projected India's GDP growth for the year 2011-12 at- 1 7.4% 2 7.2% 3 6.9% 4 6.5% Ans: 3

Q. As per advance estimates of CSO for the year 2011-12, the GDP growth rate has been estimated at - 1 7.6% 2 6.9% 3 6.4% 4 6.1% Ans: 2

Q. 'Sensitive Sector' as defined by RBI includes- 1 Capital Market 2 Real Estate 3 Commodities 4 All of the above Ans: 4

Objective Current Affairs Q. PMEAC has revised its GDP growth estimates for 2011-12 to 7.1% and projected GDP growth for 2012-13 at - 1 7.0%-7.4% 2 7.5%-8.0% 3 8.1%-8.3% 4 8.5% Ans: 2

Q. The newly launches CPI-based inflation for January 2012 on point basis is 7.65%. This inflation has the base year - 1 2004 2 2006 3 2008 4 2010 Ans: 4

Q. The new Chairman of FICCI (Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry) who took charge in January 2012 is- 1 Harsh Mariwala 2 R. V. Kanoria 3 Naina Kidwai 4 Siddharth Birla Ans: 2

Q. As per advance estimate of CSO, the estimated growth rate in tertiary (service) sector for 2011-12 is- 1 8.6% 2 9.0% 3 9.4% 4 9.8% Ans: 3

Q. Which of the following sector show the negative growth in the advance estimates of CSO year 2011-12? 1 Mining and Quarrying 2 Agriculture and Fisheries 3 Manufacturing 4 Electricity, Gas and water supply Ans: 1

Q. Which organisation is meant to ensure exports from India? 1 None of the above 2 EXIM Bank 3 Ministry of Commerce 4 ECGC Ans: 4

Q. Which of the following is considered lending fopr promotion of exports? 1 Packing Credit 2 Overdraft 3 cash Credit Account 4 Bill Discounting Ans: 1

Q. Which of the major port in India celebrated its Golden Jubilee in January 2012? 1 Kolkata/Haldia Port 2 Paradeep Port 3 Vishakhapatnam Port 4 Kandla Port Ans: 2

Q. As per India State of Forest Report 2011, the State having the Maximum forest area is - 1 Madhya Pradesh 2 Arunachal Pradesh 3 Rajasthan 4 Uttar Pradesh Ans: 1

Q. India State of Forest report 2011 puts forest area in the country at- 1 Below 25% 2 Between 25% and 27% 3 Between 27% to 30 % 4 Above 30% Ans: 1

Objective Current Affairs Q. At end-September 2011, the teledensity in the country stood at- 1 72.38% 2 76.86% 3 79.03% 4 80.76% Ans: 2

Q. As per the changed import duty structure on gold and silver, the import duty on gold and silver will be charged at..... respectively of the value of the imported metal. 1 1.5% and 5% 2 2.0% and 6% 3 1.5% and 6% 4 2.5% and 6% Ans: 3

Q. As per the status of end-December 2011, which of the following company holds the maximum share in telephone services? 1 Bharti Airtel 2 Vodafone 3 Realiance 4 BSNL Ans: 1

Q. Which type of bank account can be opened by a Non-resident Indian (NRI) in India? 1 Current Account 2 Fixed Deposit Account 3 Savings Account 4 Locker Account Ans: 2

Q. 'HUNGAMA' report of Nandi Foundation is related to - 1 Hunger and Malnutrition 2 2-G Spectrum Scam 3 Tax-Evasion 4 Black Money deposited in foreign banks Ans: 1

Q. 'Trust Card' has been launched by an organisation to make consumer's payment more easier. The organisation is - 1 Delhi Metro 2 ICERT 3 BSNL 4 Bharti Airtel Ans: 3

Q. The Sixth Economics Census of commercial units was/will be done in the year- 1 2011 2 2012 3 2013 4 2014 Ans: 2

Q. As per the HUNGAMA report, the percentage of underweight (malnourished) children younger than five years in India is - 1 65% 2 54% 3 42% 4 31% Ans: 3

Q. As per the second advance foodgrains estimates for 2011-12, foodgrains production during 2011-12 is estimated at - 1 246.46 MT 2 250.42 MT 3 254.68 MT 4 262.32 MT Ans: 2

Q. As per final estimates, wheat and rice production in 2010-11 stood at- 1 86.87 MT and 95.98 MT respectively 2 95.98 MT and 86.87 MT respectively 3 88.31 MT and 102.75 MT respectively 4 86.87 MT and 102.75 MT respectively Ans: 1

Objective Current Affairs Q. The Fourth Rail Coach Manufacturing Factory (The first in India to be built on PPP model) is being made in- 1 Kerala 2 Andhra Pradesh 3 Karnataka 4 Tamil Nadu Ans: 1

Q. In which of the following currencies, India has decided to make payment to buy crude oil from Iran? 1 US Dollar 2 Indian Rupee 3 Pound Sterling 4 Euro Ans: 2

Q. The fifth edition of the World Future Energy Summit was held recently in- 1 New Delhi 2 Abu Dhabi 3 Tehran 4 Dhaka Ans: 2

Q. Planning Commission on India on January 18,2012 approved Rudrasagar development scheme. The scheme is related- 1 Tripura 2 Assam 3 Sikkim 4 Manipur Ans: 1

Q. Researchers discovered new earthworm species in Port Blair. What is the name of the new species? 1 Annelida 2 Moniligaster Ivaniosi 3 Nematoda 4 Onychophora Ans: 2

Q. Which team defeated Uttarakhand in the men's category to win the National title for he fourth time, in the 60th Senior National Volleyball Championship at Raipur on January 11, 2012? 1 West Bengal 2 Tamil Nadu 3 Kerala 4 Andhra Pradesh Ans: 3

Q. Which team extended their hegemony by defeating Kerala 25-12, 25-14, 25-16 in a one sided final in the women's category at the 60th Senior National Volleyball Championship? 1 Railways 2 Services 3 Delhi 4 Punjab Ans: 1

Q. This footballer was awarded the 2011 FIFA Ballon d'or on January 9,2012 in Zurich. He won the award for the third consecutive year for the world's outstanding footballer. Identify the footballer. 1 Lionel Messi 2 Cristiano Ronaldo 3 Xavi 4 Sergio Ramos Ans: 1

Q. State-run Northern Coalfields (NCL) agreed to surrender land required to mine two blocks attached to the Sasan ultra mega power plant to which of the following companies giving the company the benefit to over Rs. 6000 crore over the life of the venture? 1 Reliance Power 2 Adani Power 3 Birla Power Solutions 4 DLF Power Ans: 1

Q. Which car took home the crown of Indian Car of the Year 2012 in January 2012? 1 Maruti Suzuki Swift 2 Toyota Etios Liva 3 Hyundai Verna 4 Hyundai Eon Ans: 1

Objective Current Affairs Q. As per the Wholesale Price Index, published by the government on January 16, 2012. Reduced food prices caused the inflation to dip to a year low at what per cent in December 2011? 1 7.47% 2 7.65% 3 6.33% 4 5.41% Ans: 3

Q. Which French construction major entered the Indian market by buying out 100 per cent stake in NAPC, a Chennai-based construction company? 1 Sinopec Engineering 2 Uhde 3 Vinci 4 Snamprogetti Ans: 3

Q. India signed MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) on tourism with ASEAN on January 12,2012. The agreement took place in - 1 Manila 2 Jakarta 3 Manado 4 Malaysia Ans: 3

Q. Pravasi Bhartiya Divas-2012 was held in Jaipur. Jaipur is the capital of which one of the following states? 1 Rajasthan 2 Bihar 3 Bihar 4 UP Ans: 1

Q. India and Japan on January 12, 2012 agreed to enhance their cooperation in the... sector. 1 Infrastructure 2 Tourism 3 Road and Transport 4 Coal and Mining Ans: 1

Q. He was conferred the first S.K. Singh Award for excellence in the Indian foreign Service on January 6,2012. Identify the diplomat. 1 D. Bala Venkatesh Verma 2 Ranjan Mathai 3 Shivshankar Menon 4 K. Raghunath Ans: 1

Q. Name the auto making company which launched three new variants of the Eon-D--Lite plus, Era plus and Magna plus in the Indian market in January 2012. 1 Tata Motors 2 Hyundai Motor India 3 Volkswagen 4 Maruti Suzuki Ans: 2

Q. Who was presented the Mahatma Gandhi International Award for Peace and Reconciliation on January 4, 2011 the fourth day of the ten-day Kalachakra initiations? 1 Tanzania's Julius Nyerere 2 South African leader Nelson Mandela 3 Tibetan spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama 4 Burmese pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi Ans: 3

Q. European Union agreed in principle to ban import of Iranian Crude oil. Consider the following statements: 1. The European Union (EU) is one of Iran's biggest markets for oil. 2. The EU is a political and economical union of 27 member states. Choose the right option: 1 Only 1is correct 2 Only 2 is correct 3 Both 1 and 2 are correct 4 Neither 1 nor 2 is correct Ans: 3

Q. The Israel-Palestine talks, in the first week of January 2012 were held in Amman. Amman is the capital of - 1 Jordan 2 Syria 3 Iraq 4 Iran Ans: 1

Objective Current Affairs Q. Maldives on January 4,2012 lifted ban on Spas in the upmarket tourist destination. Consider the following statements: 1. The tourism industry is an important foreign exchange earner in the Maldives. 2. Maldives in 2011 received more than 850000 tourists. Choose the right option: 1 Only 1 is correct 2 Both 1 and 2 are correct 3 Only 2 is correct 4 Neither 1 nor 2 is correct Ans: 2

Q. Scientists for the first time produced mixed embryo monkeys. Consider the following statements: 1. Scientists produced monkeys composed of cells taken from separate embryos. 2. The cells stay together and work together to from tissues and organs. Choose the right option: 1 Both 1 and 2 are correct 2 Only 1is correct 3 Only 2 is correct 4 Neither 1 nor 2 is correct Ans: 1

Q. Scientists discovered unknown species off the coast of Antarctica. Consider the following statements: 1. The temperature in this region rises to 380 degree Celsius. 2. There is plenty of light in this region. Which of the above statement is/are correct? 1 Only 1 2 Only 2 3 Both 1 and 2 4 Neither 1 nor 2 Ans: 1

Q. The world's first hybrid sharks were discovered by the researchers in Australian waters. The hybrid shark is the result of cross-breeding between which one of the following sets of shark species? 1 Common black tip Shark and Australian black-tip Shark 2 Indian black-tip Shark and Australian black-tip Shark 3 Blue Whale and Common black-tip Shark 4 Blue Whale and Australian black-tip Shark Ans: 1

Q. Scientists produced artificial human semen to help infertile men. Consider the following statements- 1. The scientists grew the sperm by enveloping the germ cells in a special compound agar jelly. 2. The artificial human semen could help infertile men father own children. Choose the right option: 1 Both 1 and 2 are correct 2 Only 1is correct 3 Only 2 is correct 4 Neither 1 nor 2 is correct Ans: 1

Q. Health Authorities in Australia recently detected Deadly Disease, Murray Valley Encephalitis. The disease is caused by the - 1 Flies 2 Dogs 3 Birds 4 Mosquitoes Ans: 1

Q. Union government raised the ad valorem duty (export duty) on iron ore exports to what per cent from 20 per cent? 1 30% 2 33% 3 41% 4 43% Ans: 1

Q. As per the Commerce Ministry data released on January 2,2012, India's exports recorded their slowest pace of growth in two years in November 2011. What was the percentage of growth recorded? 1 4.2% 2 3.8% 3 2.2% 4 0.94% Ans: 2

Q. Union government on January 3,2012 approved Reliance Industries' (RIL) investment plan for developing four satellite fields in the flagging KG-D6 block. What was the proposed sum to be invested for developing the satellites? 1 $ 1.500 billion 2 $ 1.692 3 $ 1.529 billion 4 $ 1.375 billion Ans: 3

Q. Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) estimated Corporate India's sales to grow by what per cent in 2011-12? 1 23.7% 2 20.8% 3 22% 4 21.6% Ans: 4

Parliament of India

Parliament

Parliament is the supreme legislative body of India. The Indian Parliament comprises of the President and the two Houses-Lok Sabha (House of the People) and (Council of States). The President has the power to summon and prorogue either House of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha.

The Constitution of India came into force on January 26, 1950. The first general elections under the new Constitution were held during the year 1951-52 and the first elected Parliament came into being in April, 1952, the Second Lok Sabha in April, 1957, the Third Lok Sabha in April, 1962, the Fourth Lok Sabha in March, 1967, the Fifth Lok Sabha in March, 1971, the Sixth Lok Sabha in March, 1977, the Seventh Lok Sabha in January, 1980, the Eighth Lok Sabha in December, 1984, the Ninth Lok Sabha in December, 1989, the Tenth Lok Sabha in June, 1991, the Eleventh Lok Sabha in May, 1996, the Twelfth Lok Sabha in March, 1998, Thirteenth Lok Sabha in October, 1999, Fourteenth Lok Sabha in May, 2004 and Fifteenth Lok Sabha in April, 2009.

Rajya Sabha

The origin of Rajya Sabha can be traced back to 1919, when in pursuance to the Government of India Act, 1919, a second chamber known as the Council of States was created. This Council of States, comprising of mostly nominated members was a deformed version of second chamber without reflecting true federal features. The Council continued to function till India became independent. The Rajya Sabha, its Hindi nomenclature was adopted in 23 August, 1954.

The Rajya Sabha is to consist of not more than 250 members - 238 members representing the States and Union Territories, and 12 members nominated by the President.

Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution. However, one third of the members retire every second year, and are replaced by newly elected members. Each member is elected for a term of six years.

The Vice President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha. The House also elects a Deputy Chairman from among its members. Besides, there is also a panel of "Vice Chairmen" in the Rajya Sabha. The senior most Minister, who is a member of Rajya Sabha, is appointed by the Prime Minister as Leader of the House.

Lok Sabha

Parliamentary institutions in India, with all their modern ramifications, owe their origin to India's British connections. Until 1853, there was no legislative body distinct from the Executive. The Charter Act of 1853, for the first time provided some sort of a legislature in the form of a 12 member Legislative Council. The Indian Independence Act, 1947 declared the Constituent Assembly of India to be a full sovereign body. Apart from being a Constitution drafting body, it also assumed full powers for the governance of the country. With the coming into force of the Constitution on 26 January, 1950, the Constituent Assembly functioned as the Provisional Parliament until the first Lok Sabha, then known as the House of People, and was constituted following General Elections in 1952. Lok Sabha, the Hindi nomenclature was adopted on 14 May, 1954.

The Lok Sabha is composed of representatives of people chosen by direct election on the basis of Universal Adult Suffrage. The Constitution provides that the maximum strength of the House be 552 members - 530 members to represent the States, 20 members to represent the Union Territories, and 2 members to be nominated by the President from the Anglo-Indian Community. At present, the strength of the House is 545 members.

The term of the Lok Sabha, unless dissolved, is five years from the date appointed for its first meeting. However, while a proclamation of emergency is in operation, this period may be extended by Parliament by law for a period not exceeding one year at a time and not extending in any case, beyond a period of six months after the proclamation has ceased to operate.

Difference between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

1. Members of Lok Sabha are directly elected by the eligible voters. Members of Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of State Legislative Assemblies in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote. 2. The normal life of every Lok Sabha is 5 years only while Rajya Sabha is a permanent body. 3. Lok Sabha is the House to which the Council of Ministers is responsible under the Constitution. Money Bills can only be introduced in Lok Sabha. Also it is Lok Sabha, which grants the money for running the administration of the country. 4. Rajya Sabha has special powers to declare that it is necessary and expedient in the national interest that Parliament may make laws with respect to a matter in the State List or to create by law one or more all-India services common to the Union and the States.

Functions and Powers The cardinal functions of the Legislature include overseeing of administration, passing of budget, ventilation of public grievances, and discussing various subjects like development plans, international relations, and national policies. The Parliament can, under certain circumstances, assume legislative power with respect to a subject falling within the sphere, exclusively reserved for the states. The Parliament is also vested with powers to impeach the President, remove judges of Supreme and High Courts, the Chief Election Commissioner, and Comptroller and Auditor General in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Constitution. All legislation requires the consent of both Houses of Parliament. In the case of Money Bills, the will of the Lok Sabha prevails. The Parliament is also vested with the power to initiate amendments in the Constitution.

International Indian Film Academy (IIFA) Award - 2013

The International Indian Film Academy is a first-of-its-kind effort to promote Indian Cinema globally, thus reaching out to millions of its fans. This pioneering effort is spearheaded by Wizcraft International Entertainment Pvt. Ltd., India's first and premier event management and entertainment agency.

It's the celebration of Indian Cinema. The International Indian Film Academy. Propelling Indian Cinema to glorious pinnacles beyond Indian shores. As global cinema rapidly emerges, a prominent place for Indian Cinema is reserved. IIFA constantly endeavours to showcase to the world the wealth of talent Indian Cinema has to offer. The IIFA Weekend and Awards is a celebration of Indian Cinema consisting of fun-filled activities that brings the fans close to their favourite stars. The highlight of the Weekend is the IIFA Awards Ceremony that honours the best of Indian cinema. Fans of Indian cinema from all over the world converge to celebrate Indian cinema, whereas millions worldwide catch the telecast from the comforts of their home.

On its journey of celebrating Indian Cinema across the world, IIFA spreads the magic of Indian cinema to various exotic locales around the world. Starting with the Millennium Dome, London, IIFA has travelled through Sun City, Malaysia, Johannesburg, Singapore, Amsterdam, Dubai, Yorkshire, Thailand, Macau, Colombo and Toronto.

Wherever IIFA has left its mark, it has promoted the business of Indian Cinema and provided it an impetus.

IIFA 2013 Host : MACAU

AWARD WINNERS

Best Film Barfi Best Direction Anurag Basu - Barfi Performance In A Leading Role - Male Ranbir Kapoor - Barfi Performance In A Leading Role - Vidya Balan - Kahaani Female Performance In A Supporting Role - Annu Kapoor – Male Performance In A Supporting Role - Anushka Sharma – Jab Tak Hai Jaan Female Performance In A Comic Role – Bol Bachchan Performance In A Negative Role – Agneepath Best Story Anurag Basu and Tani Basu – Barfi Best Music Direction Pritam Chakraborty - Barfi Amitabh Bhattacharya - Abhi Mujh Mein Kahin - Lyrics Agneepath Playback Singer - Male Sonu Nigam - Abhi Mujh Mein Kahin - Agneepath Playback Singer - Female Shreya Ghoshal - Chikni Chameli – Agneepath Best Debut - Male Best Debut - Female Cinematographer Varman I.S.C - Barfi Editing Namrata Rao - Kahaani Screenplay Anurag Basu & Tani Basu - Barfi Choreography Agneepath – Ganesh Acharya for "Chikni Chameli Action Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 1 – Shyam Kaushal Sound Recording Eric Pillai -Future Sound Of Bombay - Barfi Sound Mixing Debajit Changmai - Barfi Make-up Uday Serali - Barfi

Name Designation Mr. Pranab Mukherjee President of India Mohammad Hamid Ansari Vice President Prime Minister of India (Chairman of Planing Manmohan Singh Commission) Ms. Meira Kumar Speaker, Lok Sabha Mr. P. J. Kurien Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha Mr. Karia Munda Deputy Speaker, Lok Sabha Ms. Leader of Opposition (Lok Sabha) Mr. Leader of Opposition (Rajya Sabha) Dr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission Mr. V. S. Sampath Chief Election Commissioner Mr. Hari Shankar Brahma Election Commissioner Justice K.G. Balakrishnan Chairperson, National Human Rights Commission Mr. Shashi Kant Sharma Comptroller and Auditor General of India Chairman, National Commission for Backward Mr. Justice M.N. Rao Classes Prof. D.P. Agarwal Chairman, UPSC Dr. M.S. Swaminathan Chairman, National Commission on Farmers (NCF) Mr. Satyanand Mishra Chief Information Commissioner Mr. N. K. Raghupathy Chairman, SSC Director General, Indian Council of Medical Dr. Vishwa Mohan Katoch Research Register General and Census Commissioner of Mr. C. Chandramouli India Mr. Justice D. K. Jain Chairman Law Commission Mr. Duvvuri Subbarao Governor, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Mr. Baldev Raj President, Indian National Academy of Engineering Mr. Shailesh Gupta Chairman, Audit Bureau Circulation(ABC) Dr. Sudha Sharma Chairperson, Central Board of Direct Taxes(CBDT) Mr. U. K. Sinha Chairman, Securities & Exchange Board of India Ms. Mamata Sharma Chairperson, National Commission for Women Dr. Vijay Kelkar Chairman, 13th Finance Commission Mr. Sam Pitroda Chairman, National Knowledge Commission Shri Jawhar Sircar CEO, Prasar Bharati Mr. Ratan Tata Chairman, Investment Commission Mr. Krishnakumar Natarajan Chairman, NASSCOM Mr. Rajkumar Dhoot President, ASSOCHAM National Security Advisor and Special Advisor to Mr. Shiv Shankar Menon PM (Internal Security) Mr. Shumsher K. Sheriff Secretary General Rajya Sabha Mr. T. K. Vishwanathan Secretary General Lok Sabha Syed Asif Ibrahim Director IB Mr. Ranjit Sinha Director CBI Mr. Alok Joshi Director, Research and Analytical Wing (RAW) Mr. Arvind Ranjan Director General, NSG Mr. Pranay Sahay Director General, CRPF Director General, Central Industrial Security Force Mr. Rajiv (CISF) Mr. P. K. Mehta Director General, Railway Protection Force Director General, Indo-Tibetan Border Shri Ajay Chadha Police(ITBP) Prof. Ved Prakash Chairman UGC Scientific Advisor to Defence Minister and Director Shri Avinash Chander General DRDO Dr. R. Chidambaram Principal Scientific Advisor to the Govt. Dr. K. Radhakrishnan Chairman Space Commission and ISRO Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission and Dr. R. K. Sinha Secretary, Dept of Atomic Energy. Mr. Wajahat Habibullah Chairperson, National Commission for Minorities

Name Designation Dr. Pronob Sen Chairman, National Statistical Commission Shri Arun Chaudhary Director General, Sashastra Seema Bal Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Mr. Rameshwar Oraon Tribes Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Mr. P. L. Punia Castes Director General National Investigation Agency Shri Sharad Kumar (NIA) Vice Admiral Anurag G Director General, Indian Coast Guard Thapliyal President Board of Control for Cricket in India Mr. N. Srinivasan (BCCI) Dr. Syed Nasim Ahmad Zaidi Election Commissioner Justice P. Sathasivam Chief Justice of India Mr. Mohan Parasaran Solicitor General Mr. K. K. Chakravarty Chairman Lalit Kala Academy Mr. S. Gopalkrishnan Chairman Confederation of Indian Industries(CII) General Vikram Singh Chief of the Army Staff Admiral Devendra Kumar Chief of the Naval Staff Joshi Air Chief Marshal Norman Chief of the Air Staff Anil Kumar Browne Mr. Goolam E. Vahanvati Attorney General of India Chairperson of National Commission for Protection Mrs. Kushal Singh of Child Rights (NCPCR) Dr. Y. V. Reddy Chairman 14th Finance Commission Mr. Subhash Joshi Director General of Border Security Force (BSF) Smt. Mrinal Pande Chairperson Prasar Bharati Board Chairman of the Unique Identification Authority of Mr. Nandan Nilekani India (UIDAI) Director General and Mission Director of the Shri Vijay S Madan Unique Identification Authority of India Dr. Sudhir Krishna Chairman Delhi Metro Rail Shri Dr. Sudhir Krishna Chairman Kolkata Metro Rail Lieutenant General Anil Chait Chief of the Integrated Defence Staff Director General, Bureau of Police Research & Shri Rajan Gupta Development (BPR&D) Smt.Sujatha Singh Foreign Secretary Director General of the Confederation of Indian Mr. Chandrajit Banerjee Industry (CII)

Name Designation Ban Ki-moon Secretary-General, United Nations Organisations Jan Eliasson Deputy Secretary-General,UN Dr. Jim Yong Kim President, World Bank Christine Lagarde Managing Director, International Monetary Fund(IMF) Irina Bokova Director -General, UNESCO Dr. Margaret Chan Director -General, WHO Guy Ryder Director -General, Inter-national Labour Organisation Executive Director, United Nations International Anthony Lake Children's Emergency Fund(UNICEF) Antonio Guterres UN High Commissioner for Refugees Clark Administrator, United Nations Development Programme Dr. Supachai Secretary-General, United Nations Conference on trade Panitchpakdi and Development(UNCTAD) Jose Angel Gurria Secretary-General, Organisation of Economic Cooperation And Development (OECD) Peter Tomka President, International Court of Justice Haruhiko Kuroda President, Asian Development Bank Donald Kaberuka President, African Development Bank Jacques Rogge President,International Olympic Committee Kamalesh Sharma Secretary-General, Commonwealth Thomas Yayi Boni Chairman, African Union Assembly Roberto Azevedo Director - General, WTO High Commissioner, UN High Commission for Human Ms. Navanetham Pillay Rights Herman Van Rompuy President, European Council Alan Issac President, International Cricket Council Jose Manuel Durao President, European Commission Barroso Kandeh K. Yumkella Director - General, UNIDO Abdullatif bin Rashid Secretary-General, Gulf Co- operation Council Al-Zayani Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu Secretary-General, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Abdallah Salem el- Secretary-General, Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Badri Countries(OPEC) Jose Miguel Insulza Secretary-General, Organisation of American States Salinas President, South West African People's Hifikepunye Pohamba Organisation(SWAPO) Director - General, International Atomic Energy Agency Mr. Yukia Amano (IAEA) Anders Fogh Secretary-General, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Rasmussen (NATO) Dr. Babatunde Executive Director, UNFPA Osotimehin Dr. Surin Pitsuwan Secretary-General, ASEAN Mr. Ahmed Saleem Secretary-General, SAARC President, international Amateur Athletic Federation Lamine Diack (IAAF) Charles F. Bolden, Jr Chief of NASA (USA) Salil Shetty Secretary-General, Amnesty International Ms. Nkosazana Chairperson, African Union Commission Dlamini-Zuma Ertharin Cousin Executive Director of WFP

Name Designation Mr. Cyrus Mistry Chairman Tata Sons Mr. Mukesh Ambani Chairman Relience Industries Mr. Lakshmi Mittal Chairman Mittal Arcelor Steels Ms. Kiran Majumdar Chairman Biocon Ms. Chanda Kochhar Managing Director & CEO ICICI Bank Mr. Shiv Nadar Chairman HCL Technologies Mr. Naresh Goyal Chairman Jet Airways Mr. Sunil Mittal Chairman Bharati Group Ms. Indira Nooye CEO Pepsico Shikha Sharma MD, CEO Axis Bank S. D. Shibulal CEO and Managing Director Infosys Azim H. Chairman Wipro Mr. Vineet Nayyar Chairman of Mahindra Satyam Mr. Rohit Nandan Chairman & Managing Director of Air India Mr. K. V. Kamath Chairman ICICI Bank Mr. C. M. Vasudev Chairman, HDFC Bank Mr. Pratip Chaudhuri Chairman of State Bank of India (SBI) Mark Zuckerberg CEO Facebook Narayan Murthi Founder & Chairman of Infosys Steve Jobs Founder of Apple Company Mr. Vijay Maliya Chairman of UB Group and Kingfisher Airlines Mr. Sunil Mittal Founder of Airtel (Telecom Service Provider in India) Mr. Kumaramangalam Chairman of Aditya Birla Group of Company Birla Mr. Anand Mahindra Chairman, Mahindra & Mahindra Group Mr. Warren Buffett Chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway President of International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) Rajan Bharti Mittal India Dr. Arup Roy Choudhury Chairman NTPC Mittu Chandilya CEO, Air Asia India

Length NH Number Passing Rout (Km) 1 Delhi - Ambala - - - Indo-Pak Border 456 Delhi - Mathura - Agra - Kanpur - Allahabad - Varanasi - Mohania - 2 1,490 Barhi - Palsit - Baidyabati Bara - Calcutta 3 Agra - - Shivpuri - Indore - Dhule - Nasik - Thane - Mumbai 1,161 Junction with NH 3 near Thane - Pune - Belgaum - Hubli - Bangalore - 4 1,235 Ranipet - Chennai Junction with NH 6 near Baharagora - - Bhubaneswar - 5 1,533 Vishakhapatnam - Vijayawada - Chennai 6 Surat - Dhule - Nagpur - Raipur - Sambalpur - Baharagora - Calcutta 1,932 Varanasi - Mangawan - Rewa - Jabalpur - Lukhna - don Nagpur - 7 Hyderabad - Kurnool - Babgalore - Krissnagiri - Salem - Dindigul - 2,369 Madurai - Kanyakumari 8 Delhi - Jaipur - Ajmer - Udaipur - Ahmadabad - Vadodara - Mumbai 1,428 9 Pune - Sholapur - Hyderabad - Vijayawada 791 10 Delhi - Fazilka - Indo - Pak border 403 11 Agra - Jaipur - Bikaner 582 Jabalpur - Bhopal - Khilchipur - Aklera - Jhalawar - Kota - Bundi - 12 491 Devil - Tonk - Jaipur 13 Sholapur - Chitradurga 491 14 Beawar - Sirohi - Radhanpur 450 Pathankot - Amritsar - Bhatinda - Ganganagar - Bikaner - Jaisalmer - 15 1,526 Barmer - Samakhiali (near Kandla) 16 Nizamabad - Mancherel - Jagadalpur 460 Panvel - Mahad - Panaji - karwar - Mangalore - Cannore - Calicut 17 () - Ferokh - Kuttipuram - Pudu Ponnani - Chowghat - 1,269 Cranganur Junction with National Highways No.7 near Edapally Junction with National Highway No.7 near Kurnool - Nandyal - 18 369 Cuddapah - Junction with National Highway No.4 near Chittoor 19 Ghazipur - Balia - 240 20 Pathankot - Mandi 220 Junction with National Highway No.22 near - Ropar - 21 323 Bilaspur - Mandi - Kullu - Manali Ambala - Kalka - Shimla - Narkanda - Rampur - Chini Indo - 22 459 border near Shipki La Chas - - Rourkela - Talcher Junction with National Highway No 23 549 42 24 Delhi - Bareilly - 438 25 Lucknow - Kanpur - Jhansi - Shivpuri 319 26 Jhansi - Lakhnadon 396 27 Allahabad - Mangawan 93 Junction with National Highway No. 31 near - Muzaffarpur - 28 570 Pipra Gorakhpur - Lucknow 29 Gorakhpur - Ghazipur - Varanasi 230 Junction with National Highway No.2 near Mohania - Patna - 30 230 Bachtivarpur Junction with National Highway No.2 near Barhi - Bakhtiarpur - 31 Mokameh - Purnea - Dalkola - Salmara - Nalbari Charali Aminagaon 1,125 Junction with Nationl Highway No. 37 Junction with National highway No.2 near Gobindpur - Dhanbad - 32 179 Jamshedpur Junction with National highway No.2 near Barhi - Ranchi Junction 33 352 With national Highway No.6 near Baharagora Junction with National highway No.31 near Dalkoa - Berhampore - 34 443 Barasat - Calcutta 35 Barasat - Bangaon - Indo- Bangladesh Border 61 36 Nowgong - Dabaka - Dimapur (Manipur Road) 170 Junction with National Highway No.31 near Goalpara - Guahati - 37 680 Jorabat - Kamargaon - Makum - Saikhoaghat 38 Makum - Ledo - Lekhapani 54 39 Numaligarh - Imphal - Palel - Indo - Burma Border 436 40 Jorabat - Shillong - Indo - Bangladesh Border near Dawki 161 41 Junction with National Highway No.6 near Kolaghat - Haldia Port 51 Junction with National Highway No. 6 near Sambalpur - Angul 42 261 Junction with National Highway No. 5 near Cuttack 43 Raipur - Vizianagaram Junction with National Highway No. 5 551 44 Shillong - Passi Badarpur - Agartala - Sabroom 630 45 Chennai - Tiruchirapalli - Dindigul 387 46 Krishnagiri - Ranipet 132 Salem - - Trichur - - Trivandrum - 47 640 Kanniyakumari 48 Bangalore - Hassan - Mangalore 328 49 Cochin - Madurai - Dhanushkodi - 440 50 Nasik - Junction with National Highway No.4 near Pune 192 51 Paikan - Tura - Dulu 149 Baihata - Charali - Tezpur - Bander Dewa - North Lakhimpur - 52 Pasighat - Tezu - Sitapani Junction with National Highway No.37 near 850 Saikhoaghat Junction with National Highway No.44 near Badarpur - Jirighat Imphal 53 320 - Silchar 54 Silchar - Aizawl - Tuipang 560 55 Siliguri - 77 56 Lucknow - Varanasi 285 Important Days in January

Jan 1 Army Medical Corps Establishment Day

Jan 8 African National Congress Foundation Day

Jan 10 World Laughter Day

Jan 9 Pravasi Bharatiya Divas

Jan 11 Death anniversary of

Jan 12 National youth Day (Birth Day of Swami Vivekanand)

Jan 15 Army Day Jan 23 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose's birth anniversary

Jan 25 International Customs Duty Day, India Tourism Day, Indian Voter Day

Jan 26 Republic Day

Jan 28 Birth anniversary of

(Martyr's day) Mahatma Gandhi's Martyrdom Day; World Leprosy Eradication Jan 30 Day

Jan 31 World Leprosy Eradication Day

Inportant Days in February

Feb 2 World Wetlands Day

Feb 4 National Day of Srilanka

Feb 5 Kashmir Day (Organised by Pakistan)

Feb 13 's Birth Anniversary

Feb 14 St. Valentine's Day

Feb 24 Central Exise Day

Feb 28 National Science Day

Important Days in March

Mar 3 National Defence Day

Mar 4 National Security Day

Mar 8 International Women's Day

Mar 9 CISF Raising Day

Mar 12 Mauritius Day; Central Industrial Security Force Day

Mar 15 World Consumer Day

Mar 16 National Vaccination Day

Mar 21 World Forestry Day

Mar 22 World Day of Water Mar 23 World Meterological Day

Mar 24 World TB Day

Mar 26 Bangaladesh Liberation Day

Important Days in April

April 1 Orissa Day

April 5 Natinal Meritime Day

April 7 World Health Day

April 13 Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre Day (1919)

April 14 B.R. Ambedkar Remembrance Day

April 18 World Heritage Day

April 22 World Earth Day

April 23 World Books Day

Important Days in May

May 1 International Labour Day, Maharashtra Day

May 3 International Energy Day

International Red Cross Day (It is celebraed to commemorate the birth May 8 anniversary of the founder of the Red Cross Organization Jean Henry Dunant)

May 11 National Technology Day

May 15 International Family Day

May 17 World Telecom Day

May 24 Commonwealth Day

May 31 World No Tobacco Day

Important Days in June

June 5 World Environment Day

Important Days in July July 1 Doctor's Day

July 4 American

July 11 World Population Day

July 26 Kargil Victory Day

Important Days in August

Aug 6 Hiroshima Day

Aug 9 Day

Aug 12 International youth Day

Aug 14 Pakistan's Independence Day

Aug 15 India's Independence Day

Aug 19 World Photography Day

Aug 20 Sadbhavana Diwas

Aug 29 Sports Day (Dhyanchand's Birth Day)

Aug 30 Small Industry Day

Important Days in September

Sept 5 Teacher's Day (Dr. Radhakrishnan's Birth Day)

Sept 7 Forgiveness Day

Sept 8 International Literacy Day

Sept 14 Hindi day,World First Aid Day

Sept 16 World Ozone Day

Sept 21 International Day of Peace, World Alzheimer's day

Sept 25 Social Justice Day

Sept 27 World Tourism Day

Important Days in October

Oct 1 International Day for the Elderly(UN) Oct 2 Gandhi Jayanti, International Day of Non-Violence

Oct 3 World Nature Day, World Habitat Day

Oct 4 World Animal Day

Oct 5 World Teacher's Day

Oct 6 World Wildlife Day, World Food Security Day

Oct 8 Indian Airforce day

Oct 9 World Postal Day

Oct 10 World Mental Health day; National Post Day

Oct 12 World Sight day

Oct 13 World Calamty Control Day(UN)

Oct 14 World Standard Day

Oct 15 World White cane day(guiding the blind)

Oct 17 International poverty

Oct 20 National Solidarity Day (China attacked India on that day)

Oct 24 United Nations Day

Oct 30 World Thrift Day

Oct 31 National Integration Day (In memory of Idira Gandhi)

Important Days in November

Nov 7 Infant Protection day; World Cancer Awareness Day

Nov 9 Legal Service Day

Nov 10 Transport Day

Nov 14 Children's day/ World Diabetics day

Nov 17 Guru Nanak Dev's Birth Anniverrsary

Nov 26 Law Day

Nov 30 Flag Day Important Days in December

Dec1 World AIDS Day

Dec 3 World Disability Day

Dec 4 Navy Day

Dec 7 Armed Force Flag Day

Dec 10 Human Rights day

Dec 11 UNICEF Day

Dec 14 National Energy Conservation Day

Dec 19 Goa's Liberation day

Dec 23 Kisan Divas (Farmer's Day)

Nuclear Reactor are classified by several methods such as based on nuclear reaction, moderator material, coolant, phase of fuel, use etc. A brief outline of these classification schemes is provided below:

Nuclear fission - Most reactors, and all commercial ones, are based on nuclear fission. They generally use uranium and its product plutonium as nuclear fuel cycle is also possible. Fission reactors can be divided roughly into two classes, depending on the energy of the neutrons that sustain the fission chain reaction. Thermal reactors use slowed or thermal neutrons and fast neutron reactors use fast neutrons to cause fission in their fuel. they do not have a neutron moderator and use less moderating coolants.

Light water moderated reactors (LWRs) - Light water reactors use ordinary water to moderate and cool the reactors. At operating temperature, the density of water drops because of increase in it's temperature, and fewer neutrons passing through it are slowed enough to trigger further reactions. Due to the extra thermalization, these types can use natural uranium/unreached fuel.

Name of Nuclear Explosions Country Yield (Kt) Year Trinity USA 19 1945 Little Boy USA 15 1945 Fat Man USA 21 1945 RDS-1 USSR 22 1949 Hurricane UK 25 1952 Ivy Mike USA 10,400 1952 Joe 4 USSR 400 1953 Castle Bravo USA 15,000 1954 RDS-37 USSR 1,600 1955 Grapple X UK 1800 1957 Gerboise Bleue France 70 1960 Tsar Bomba USSR 57000 1961 596 China 22 1964 Test No. 6 China 3300 1967 Canopus France 2600 1968 Smiling Buddha India 12 1974 Pokhran-II India 60 1998 Chagai-I Pakistan 36-40 1998 2006 North Korea Nuclear Test North Korea less than 1 Kt 2006 2009 North Korea Nuclear Test North Korea 5-15 2009

60th National Film Awards Dada Shaheb Phalke Award

Best Hindi Feature Film: Paan Singh Tomar

Best Director: Shivaji Lotan Patil for Dhag (Marathi)

Best Actor: Irrfan Khan, Paan Singh Tomar and Vikram Gokhale for Anumati(Marathi)

Best Actress: Usha Jadhav, Dhag (Marathi)

Best Supporting Actress: Dolly Alhuwalia, Vicky Donor and Kalpana, Thanichallanjan (Malyalam).

Best Supporting Actor: Annu Kapoor, Vicky Donor

Best Male Playback Singer: for Bolo Na from Chittagong

Best Female Playback Singer: Samhita for Palakein Naa Moon Don from Aarti Anklekartikekar (Marathi)

Best Song: Bolo Na from Chittagong

Best Lyrics: for Bolo Na from Chittagong

Best Screenplay Writer (adapted): Bhavesh Mandalia and Umesh Shukla for Oh My God!

Best Dialogue: Anjali Menon for Ustad Hotel (Malayalam) Special Mention: for Ishaqzaade

Best Telugu Film: Eega

Best Hindi Film: Filmistan

Best Investigative Film: Inshallah Kashmir

Best Child Artist: Master Virendra Pratap for Dekh Indian Circus

Special Mention: , Gangs Of Wasseypur

Best Original Screenplay writer for his Vidya Balan starrer Kahaani

Best Choreographer: , Vishwaroopam

Best Special Effects: Eega

Best Animation Film: Delhi Safari

Best Editing:- Namrata Rao for Kahaani

Special Jury Award: Rituparno Ghosh for Chitrangada and Nawazuddin Siddiqui

Special Jury Mention: Parineeti Chopra for Ishaqzaade, Tannishtha Chatterjee for Dekh Indian Circus

Best Child Artist: Master Virendra Pratap for Dekh Indian Circus and Master Minon for 101 Chodyangal

Parliament of Other Countries

Country Parliament Afghanistan Shora Australia Parliament Bangladesh Jatia Parliament Tasongadu Canada Parliament China National People Congress Denmark Folketing Egypt People’s Assembly France National Assembly Germany Bundestag Great Britain Parliament India Parliament (Sansad) Iran Majlis Ireland Dail Eireann Israel Knesset Official Books of Various Country Japan Diet Blue Book - An official report of Malaysia Majlis the British Maldive Majlis Government.

Magnolia Khural Green Book - Nepal Rasthtriya Panchayat Official Publications of Netherlands States General Itali and Persia Storting Grey Book - Pakistan National Assembly Official reports of the Government of Japan and Belgium.

Orange Book - Official publication of the Govt. of Netharlands.

White Book - Official publications of China, Germany and Potugal.

White Paper - Official Paper of the Govt. of Britain and India on a particular issue.

Yellow Book - Official paper of the Govt. of France. Poland Scym Spain Crotes Sweden Riksdag South Africa Parliament Switzerland Federal Assembly Russia Duma Taiwan Yuan Turkey Grand National Assembly

U.S.A. Congress DIFFERENT BRANCHES OF SCIENCE

Branch Concerning field

Aeronautics Science of fligt of airplanes.

Astronomy Study of heavenly bodies.

Agronomy Science dealing with crop plant.

Deals with the study of blood vascular Angiology system.

Anthology Study of flower.

Anthropology Study of apes and man.

Apiculture Honey industries (Bee Keeping).

Araneology Study of spiders.

Batracology Study of frogs.

Deals with the study of chemical reactions in Biochemistry relation to life activities.

Deals with the use of micro-organisms in Biotechnology commercial processes for producing fine chemicals such as drugs; vaccines; hormones,etc. on a large scale.

Cardiology Study of heart.

Craniology Study of skulls.

Cryptography Study of secret writing.

Study concerning with the application and Cryogenics uses of very low temperature.

Cytology Study of cells.

Dermatology Study of skin.

The study of relationship between organisms Ecology and enviornment.

Entomology Study of insects.

Etiology Study of cause of insects.

Study of improvment of human race by Eugenics applying laws of heredity. it is related with future generations.

Deals with the study of origin of new from Evolution old.

Deals with life or possibilities of life beyond Exbiology the earth.

Floriculture Study of flower yeilding plants.

Geology Study of condition and structure of the earth

Genetics Study of heredity and variations.

Gerontology study of growing old.

Gynaecology Study of female reproductive organs.

Horticulture Study of garden cultivation.

Haematology Study of blood.

Hepatology Study of liver. Iconography Teachings by pictures and models.

Science which deals with the study of Immunology resistance of organisms against infection.

Jurisprudence Science of law.

Kalology Study of human beauty.

Lexicography Compiling of dictionary.

Mycology Study of fungi.

Myology Study of muscles.

Nephrology Study of kidneys.

Neurology study of nervous system.

Numismatics Study of coins and medals.

Obstetrics Branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy.

Oneirology Study of dreams.

Ophthalmology Study of eyes .

Omithology Study of birds.

Osteology Study of bones.

Palaeontology Study of fossils.

Philately Stamp collecting.

Philology Study of .

Phonetics Concerning the sounds of a .

Physiography Natural phenomenon.

Pedology Stydy of soils.

Pathology Study of disease causing organisms. phycology Study of algae.

Physiology Science dealing with the study of functions of various parts of organisms.

Pisciculture Study of fish.

Pomology Study of fruits.

Seismology Study of earthquakes.

Sericulture Silk industry(culture of silk moth and pupa).

Serpentology Study of snakes.

Communication between two minds at a Telepathy distance with the help of emotions, thoughts and feelings.

Taxonomy Study of classification of organisms.

Virology Study of virus.

Sites of Summer Olympic YEAR CITY 1896 Athens 1900 1904 St. Louis 1908 London 1912 Stockholm 1920 Antwerp 1924 Paris 1928 Amsterdam 1932 Los Angeles 1936 Berlin 1948 London 1952 Helsinki 1956 Melbourne 1960 Rome 1964 Tokyo 1968 Mexico City 1972 Munich 1976 Montreal 1980 Moscow 1984 Los Angeles 1988 Seoul 1992 Barcelona 1996 Atlanta 2000 Sydney 2004 Athens 2008 Beijing 2012 London 2016 Rio de Janeiro (Brazil-Scheduled)

WORLD CUP CRICKET The idea of organising a World Cup of cricket was mooted and agreed to in principle in 1971 when such a proposal was discussed at a meeting of the International Cricket Conference in London. However, due to various commitments the tournaments could not be staged until 1975 when the original plan of a South African team's visit to England fell through following opposition to the country's racial policy. England's Prudential Assurance Company came forward with sponsorship and for three consecutive years— 1975, 1979 and 1983—the one-day limited overs cricket tournament was held in England. It became famous as the Prudential Cup.

In the first two tournaments, apart from the six full members of the International Cricket Conference (England, Australia, West Indies, New Zealand, India and Pakistan), Sri Lanka, before being elevated to Test status in 1981, had joined East Africa in 1975 and Canada in 1979 (two top teams among the associate members) to complete the groups in the tournaments proper. The West Indies, under Clive Lloyd, not only won the first two tournaments in 1975 and 1979 but in true Calypso style they produced sparkling cricket and confirmed I heir unassailable supremacy in this game.

India broke the West Indian stranglehold in 1983 to open a new chapter in the brief annals of this prestigious tournament. Apiirt from some sparkling individual performances, the competition witnessed thrills and upsets. India with a poor total of 183 bowled themselves back into the game and became memorable winners by 43 runs at the sensational final at Lord's. When India managed a total of 183 in the final with useful contributions from Srikkanth (38), Amarnath (26) and Sandeep Patil (27), it seemed an easy total for the West Indies to overcome, but they surprisingly folded up for 140 runs and India pulled off one of the cricket's greatest upsets. Amarnath's performance earned him the coveted Man of the Match award.

WORLD CUP CRICKET HISTORY Year Hosting Country Result 1975 UK West Indies beat Australia by 17 runs

1979 UK West Indies beat England by 92 runs

1983 UK India beat west Indies by 43 runs 1987 India & Pakistan Australia beat England by 7 runs. 1992 Australia Pakistan beat England by 22 runs. 1996 India, Pakistan & Sri Lanka Sri Lanka beat Australia by 7 wickets 1999 UK Australia beat Pakistan by 8 wickets. 2003 South Africa, Kenya & Zimbabwe Australia beat India by 125 runs 2007 West Indies, Bermuda Australia beat Sri Lanka 2011 India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka India beat Sri Lanka

Higest Individual Scores in ODI (Oneday International Cricket) * (Not out) 219 , India vs West Indies, Indore, December 2011. 200 * , India vs South Africa, Gwalior, February 2010. 194* Charles Coventry, Zimbabwe vs Bangladesh, Bulawayo, August 2009 194 Saheed Anwar, Pakistan vs India, Chennai, May 1997 189* , West Indies vs England, Manchester, May, 1984 189 Sanath Jayasuriya, Sri Lanka vs India, Sharja, October 2000 188* Gary Kirsten, South Africa vs UAE, Rawalpindi, February 1996 186* Sachin Tendulkar, India vs New Zealand, Hydrabad, November 1999 183* Mahendra Singh Dhoni, India vs Srilanka, Jaipur, October 2005 183 , India vs Sri Lanka, Tauton, May 1999 181* Mathew Hayden, Australia vs New Zealand, Hamilton, February 2007 181 Viv Richards, west Indies vs Sri Lanka, Karachi, October 1987.

FIFA WORLD CUP FOOTBALL The World Cup football tournament is organised by the Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) once in four years since 1930. It was on July 18, 1930 that the first-ever World Cup match was played between Uruguay and Chile, at the newly built Centenary Stadium in Montevideo (Uruguay). The World Cup now officially designated as Jules-Rimet Cup, named after the French lawyer who was the President of FIFA from 1921 to 1953, is 12 inch high and made of solid gold.

WORLD CUP FOOTBALL AT A GLANCE

Year Venue Winner Runner Others awards related to this event

2010 South Africa Spain Netherland  Adidas Golden Shoe: Thomas MUELLER(GER)  Adidas Golden Ball: Diego FORLAN(URU)  adidas Golden Glove: Iker CASILLAS(ESP)  FIFA Fair Play award : Spain  Best Young Player Award: Thomas MUELLER(GER)

2006 Germany Italy France  Adidas Golden Ball: Zinedine ZIDANE (FRA)  Adidas Golden Shoe: Miroslav KLOSE (GER)  Yashin Award for the Best Goalkeeper: Gianluigi BUFFON (ITA)  Best Young Player Award: Lukas PODOLSKI (GER)  FIFA Fair Play award: Spain, Brazil  FIFA Award for the Most Entertaining Team: Portugal

2002 Korea/Japan Brazil Germany  Adidas Golden Ball: Oliver KAHN (GER)  Adidas Golden Shoe: RONALDO (BRA)  Yashin Award for the Best Goalkeeper: Oliver KAHN (GER)  FIFA Fair Play award: Belgium  FIFA Award for the Most Entertaining Team: Korea Republic

1998 France France Brazil  Adidas Golden Ball: RONALDO (BRA)  Adidas Golden Shoe: Davor SUKER (CRO)  Yashin Award for the Best Goalkeeper: Fabien BARTHEZ (FRA)  FIFA Fair Play award: England, France  FIFA Award for the Most Entertaining Team: France

1994 USA Brazil Italy  Adidas Golden Ball: ROMARIO (BRA)  Adidas Golden Shoe: Oleg SALENKO (RUS), Hristo STOICHKOV (BUL)  Yashin Award for the Best Goalkeeper: Michel PREUDHOMME (BEL)  FIFA Fair Play award: Brazil  FIFA Award for the Most Entertaining Team: Brazil

1990 Italy Germany Argentina  Adidas Golden Ball: Salvatore SCHILLACI FR (ITA)  Adidas Golden Shoe: Salvatore SCHILLACI (ITA)  FIFA Fair Play award: England

1986 Mexico Argentina Germany FR  Adidas Golden Ball: Diego MARADONA (ARG)  Adidas Golden Shoe: Gary LINEKER (ENG)  FIFA Fair Play award: Brazil

1982 Spain Italy Germany FR  Adidas Golden Ball: Paolo ROSSI (ITA)  Adidas Golden Shoe: Paolo ROSSI (ITA)  FIFA Fair Play award: Brazil

1978 Argentina Argentina Netherlands  Golden Shoe: Mario KEMPES (ARG)  FIFA Fair Play award: Argentina

Germany Germany Netherlands  Golden Shoe: Grzegorz LATO (POL) 1974 FR

 Golden Shoe: Gerd MUELLER (GER) 1970 Mexico Brazil Italy

 Golden Shoe: EUSEBIO (POR) 1966 England England Germany FR

1962 Chile Brazil Czechoslovakia  Golden Shoe: Florian ALBERT (HUN), Valentin IVANOV (URS), Drazen JERKOVIC (YUG), Leonel SANCHEZ (CHI), VAVA (BRA), GARRINCHA (BRA)

 Golden Shoe: Just FONTAINE (FRA) 1958 Sweden Brazil Sweden

Germany Switzerland Hungary  Golden Shoe: Sandor KOCSIS (HUN) 1954 FR

 Golden Shoe: ADEMIR (BRA) 1950 Brazil Uruguay Brazil

 Golden Shoe: LEONIDAS (BRA) 1938 France Italy Hungary

 Golden Shoe: Oldrich NEJEDLY (TCH) 1934 Italy Italy Czechoslovakia

 Golden Shoe: Guillermo STABILE (ARG) 1930 Uruguay Uruguay Argentina

Wimbledon Tennis

The Championships, Wimbledon, or simply Wimbledon, is the oldest tennis tournament in the world and is considered the most prestigious. It has been held at the All England Club in the London suburb of Wimbledon since 1877. It is one of the four tennis tournaments, and the only one still played on the game's original surface, grass, which gave the game of lawn tennis its name. The tournament takes place over two weeks in late June and early July. MEN'S SINGLE 2013 Mens Single Andy Murray beat Novak Djokovic to become the first Briton to win the Wimbledon men's singles title. 2012 Mens Single Roger Federer of Switzerland clinched the 2012 Wimbledon men's singles title, beating Andy Murray of the United Kingdom. 2011 Mens Single Novak Djokovic (SRB) Defeated Rafael Nadal (ESP) by 6-4, 6-1, 1-6, 6-3 2010 Mens Single Rafael Nadal (Spain) defeated Tomas Berdych(Czch Republic) 2009 Mens Single Roger Federer(Switzerland) defeted Andy Roddick (USA) 2008 Mens Single Rafel Nadal(Spain) defeated Roger Federer(Switzerland) 2007 Mens Single Roger Federer(Switzerland) defeted Rafel Nadal(Spain)

WOMEN'S SINGLE 2013 Womens Single Marion Bartoli (FRA) win the Wimbledon womens single title for 2013 by defeating Sabine Lisicki(GER). 2012 Womens Single Serena Williams of USA won the title, beating Agnieszka Radwanska of Poland. 2011 Womens Single Petra Kvitova (CZE) defeated (RUS) by 63, 6-4. 2010 Womens Single Serena Williams(USA) defeated Vera Zvonareva(Russia) 2009 Womens Single Serena Williams (USA) defeted Venus Williams (USA) 2008 Womens Single Venus Williams (USA) defeated Serena Williams (USA) 2007 Womens Single Venus Williams (USA) defeted Marion Bartoli (France)

US Open Tennis

The "US Open Court of Champions" honors the greatest champions in the 122-year history of the U.S. Championships, which spans three centuries, beginning in 1851, becoming the US Open.

MEN'S SINGLE 2012 Mens Single Andy Murray (UK) defeated Novak Djokovic (Sarbia) 2011 Mens Single Novak Djokovic (Sarbia) defeated Rafel Nadal (Spain) 2010 Mens Single Rafel Nadal (Spain) defeted Novak Djokovic (Sarbia) 2009 Mens Single Juan Martin Del Potro (Argentina) defeated Roger Federer (Switzerland) 2008 Mens Single Roger Federer (Switzerland) defeated Andy Murry (UK) 2007 Mens Single Roger Federer (Switzerland) defeated Novak Djokovic

WOMEN'S SINGLE 2012 Womens Single Serena Williams (USA) beat Victoria Azarenka (Belarus) 2011 Womens Single Samantha Stosur (Australia) defeated Serena Williams (USA) 2010 Womens Single (Belgium) defeated Vera Zvonareva (Russia) 2009 Womens Single Kim Clijsters (Belgium) defeated Caroline Wozniacki (Denmark) 2008 Womens Single Serena Willams (USA) defeated Jelena Jankovic(Serbia) 2007 Womens Single Justine Henin-Hardenne (Belgium) defeated Svetlana Kuznetsova (Russia)

MEN'S DOUBLES 2012 Mens Double (USA) and (USA) beat (IND) and Radek Stepanek (CZE). 2011 Mens Double Jurgen Melzer ( Austria), (GER) defeated Mariusz Fyrstenberg (POL) Marcin Matkowski(POL) 2010 Mens Double Bob Bryan (USA) and Mike Bryan (USA) defeated (India) Aisam-Ul-Haq Qureshi (Pakistan)

WOMEN'S DOUBLES 2012 Womens Double Sara Errani (ITA) and Roberta Vinci (ITA) beat Andrea Hlavackova (CZE) and Lucie Hradecka (CZE). 2011 Womens Double Liezel Huber (USA), (KAZ) defeated Vania King (USA), Yaroslava Shvedova(USA) 2010 Womens Double Vania King (USA) and Yaroslava Shvedova (Kazaksthan) defeated Liezel Huber (USA)and (Russia)

MIXED DOUBLES 2012 Mixed Double (RUS) and Bruno Soares (BRA) beat Kveta Peschke (CZE) and Marcin Matkowski (POL). 2011 Mixed Double (USA), (USA) defeated Gisela Dulko(ARG), Eduardo Schwank(ARG) 2010 Mixed Double Liezel Huber (USA) and Bob Bryan (USA) defeated Kveta Peschke (CZE) and Aisam-Ul-Haq Qureshi (Pakistan)

French Open Tennis The is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks between late May and early June in Paris, France, at the Stade Roland Garros. It is the second of the Grand Slam tournaments on the annual tennis calendar and the premier clay court tennis tournament in the world. Roland Garros is the only Grand Slam still held on clay and ends the spring clay court season.

MEN'S SINGLE 2013 Mens Single Rafael Nadal(Spain) defeated David Ferrer (Spain). 2012 Mens Single Rafael Nadal(Spain) defeated Novak Djokovic(SRB) 2011 Mens Single Rafael Nadal of Spain defeated Roger Federer of Switzerland 7-5, 7-6 (3), 5-7, 6-1 to lift the French Open 2011 Men’s trophy. 2010 Mens Single Rafael Nadal(Spain) defeated Robin Söderling(Sweeden) 2009 Mens Single Roger Federer (Switzerland) defeted Robin Soderling (Swdeen) 2008 Mens Single Rafel Nadal (Spain) defeted Roger Federer (Switzerland) 2007 Mens Single Rafel Nadal (Spain) defeted Roger Federer (Switzerland)

WOMEN'S SINGLE 2013 Womens Single Serena Williams of United States of America win the French Open Tennis Women's Singles Final match against Maria Sharapova of Russia at Roland Garros on June 8, 2013 in Paris, France. 2012 Womens Single Russia's Maria Sharapova became the 10th woman in tennis history to win all four Grand Slam titles when she defeated Italy's Sara Errani 6-3, 6-2 in the French Open final. 2011 Womens Single Chinese Li Na defeated Italian Fransesca Scevone by 6-4, 7- 6 (0) to win the Women’s title at French Open 2011. 2010 Womens Single Francesca Schiavone (Itali) defeated Samantha Stosur (Australia) 2009 Womens Single Svetlana Kuznetsova (Russia) defeted Dinara Safina (Russia) 2008 Womens Single Ana Ivanovic (Serbia) defeted Dinara Safina (Russia) 2007 Womens Single Justine Henin Hardenne (Belgium) defeated Ana Ivanovic (Serbia)

MEN'S DOUBLES 2013 Mens Double Bob Bryan (USA) and Mike Bryan (USA) beat Michael Llodra (FRA) and (FRA) in men's double. 2012 Mens Double Max Mirnyl (BEL) & (Canada) defeated Mike Bryan & Bob Bryan (USA). 2011 Mens Double Max Mirnyi (Belarus) and Daniel Nestor(Canada) defeated Juan Sebastian Cabal and Eduardo Schwank by 7-6 (3), 3-6, 6-4 to win their first double’s title. 2010 Mens Double Daniel Nestor(Canada) and Nenad Zimonjic (Serbia) defeated Lukas Dlouhy() and Leander Paes(India) 2009 Mens Double Lukas Dlouhy(Czch Republic) and Leander Paes(India) defeated Wesley Moodie(South Africa) and (Belgium)

WOMEN'S DOUBLES 2013 Womens Double Ekaterina Makarova and of Russia won their first Grand Slam title by defeating defending champions Sara Errani and Roberta Vinci of Italy. 2012 Womens Double Sara Errani(Itali) and Roberta Vinci(Itali) defeated Maria Kirilenko(Russia) and Nadia Petrova(Russia) 4-6, 6-4, 6-2 in a shade over two hours to secure their first ever Grand Slam title. 2011 Womens Double Andrea Hlavachova and Lucie Hradecki of Czech Republic defeated Indian hottie Sania Mirza and russian Elena Vesnina by 6-4, 6-3 to win their first grand slam title. 2010 Womens Double Serena Williams(USA) and Venus Williams(USA) defeated Kveta Peschke(Czech Republic) and Katarina Srebotnik(Slovenia) 2009 Womens Double Anabel Medina Garrigues(Spain) and Virginia Ruano Pascual(Spain) defeated Victoria Azarenka(Belarus) and Elena Vesnina(Russia).

MIXED DOUBLES 2013 Mixed Double Czech Republic pair Frantisek Cermak and Lucie Hradecka won the French Open mixed doubles title by defeating Daniel Nestor of Canada and Kristina Mladenovic of France. 2012 Mixed Double India's and Sania Mirza won the mixed doubles French Open defeating Santiago Gonzalez of Mexico and Klaudia Jans-Ignacik of Poland. 2011 Mixed Double Casey Dellacqua & Scott Lipsky 2010 Mixed Double Katarina Srebotnik(Slovenia) and Nenad Zimonjic(Serbia) defeated Yaroslava Shvedova(Kazaksthan) and Julian Knowle(Austria) 2009 Mixed Double L Huber(USA) and B Bryan(USA) defeated A-L Gronefeld(Germany) and M Knowles(The Bahamas)

Australian Open Tennis

The was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It is the first Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Australia, in January - February.

MEN'S SINGLE 2013 Mens Single Novak Djokovic of Serbia defeated Andy Murray of Germany 2012 Mens Single Novak Djokovic(SRB) beats Rafael Nadal(Spain) 2011 Mens Single Novak Djokovic (SRB) defeated Andy Murray(GER) 2010 Mens Single Roger Federer(Switzerland) defeated Andy Murray(UK) 2009 Mens Single Rafel Nadal (Spain) defeted Roger Federer (Switzerland) 2008 Mens Single Novak Djokovic (Serbia) defeated Jo-Wilfried Tsonga Petsonga(France) 2007 Mens Single Roger Federer (Switzerland) defeated Fernando Francisco González Ciuffardi (Chili)

WOMEN'S SINGLE 2013 Womens Single Victoria Azarenka Belarus defeats Li Na of China. 2012 Womens Single Victoria Azarenka Belarus defeats Maria Sharapova of Russia. 2011 Womens Single Kim Clijsters (BEL) defeated Na Li(CHN) 2010 Womens Single Serena Williams(USA) defeated Justine Henin(Belgium) 2009 Womens Single Serena Williams (USA) defeted Dinara Safina (Russia) 2008 Womens Single Maria Sharapova (Russia) defeated Ana Ivanovic (Serbia) 2007 Womens Single Serena Williams (USA) defeated Maria Sharapova (Russia)

MEN'S DOUBLES 2013 Mens Double Bob Bryan, Mike Bryan(USA) defeated Robin Haase (Dutch) and Igor Sijsling (Dutch). 2012 Mens Double Leander Paes(IND) / Radek Stepanek (CZE) defeats Bob Bryan (USA) / Mike Bryan (USA). 2011 Mens Double Bob Bryan, Mike Bryan(USA) defeated Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes(IND) 2010 Mens Double Bob Bryan(USA) and Mike Bryan(USA) defeated Daniel Nestor(Canada)and Nenad Zimonjic(Serbia) 2009 Mens Double Bob Bryan(USA) and Mike Bryan(USA) defeated Mahesh Bhupathi(India)and (The Bahamas) . WOMEN'S DOUBLES 2013 Womens Double Sara Errani and Roberta Vinci of Italy defeated Ashleigh Barty and Casey Dellacqua of (Australia). 2012 Womens Double Svetlana Kuznetsova / Vera Zvonareva of Russia defeats Sara Errani / Roberta Vinci of Italy. 2011 Womens Double Gisela Dulko(ARG)and Flavia Pennetta(ITA) defeated Victoria Azarenka(BLR) and Maria Kirilenko(RUS) 2010 Womens Double Serena Williams(USA) and Venus Williams(USA) defeated (Zimbabwe) and Liezel Huber(USA) 2009 Womens Double Serena Williams(USA) and Venus Williams(USA) defeated Daniela Hantuchova() and Ai Sugiyama(Japan)

MIXED DOUBLES 2013 Mixed Double Jarmila Gajdosova and Mathew Ebden of Australia defeated Lucie Hradecka and Frantisek Cermak of Czech Republic. 2012 Mixed Double Bethanie Mattek-Sands (USA) and Horia Tecau (Romania) defeats Elena Vesnina (RUS) and Leander Paes(IND). 2011 Mixed Double Katarina Srebotnik(SLO) and Daniel Nestor(CAN) defeated Yung-Jan Chan(TPE) and Paul Hanley(AUS) 2010 Mixed Double Cara Black(Zimbabwe) and Leander Paes(India) defeated Ekaterina Makarova(Russia) and Jaroslav Levinsky(Czch Republic) 2009 Mixed Double Sania Mirza(India) and Mahesh Bhupathi(India) defeated Nathalie Dechy(France) and Andy Ram(Israel)

Commonwealth Game History

History: Reverend Ashley Cooper was the first person to propose the idea of having a Pan- Britannic sporting contest to foster a spirit of goodwill and understanding within the British Empire. In 1928, a key Canadian athlete, Bobby Robinson, was given the task of organizing the first ever Commonwealth Games. These Games were held in 1930, in the city of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada and saw the participation of 400 athletes from eleven countries.

Since then, the Commonwealth Games have been held every four years, except for the period during the Second World War. The Games have been known by various names such as the British Empire Games, Friendly Games and British Commonwealth Games. Since 1978, they have been known as the Commonwealth Games. Originally having only single competition sports, the 1998 Commonwealth Games at Kuala Lumpur saw a major change when team sports such as cricket, hockey and netball made their first appearance. In 2001, the Games Movement adopted the three values of Humanity, Equality and Destiny as the core values of the Commonwealth Games. These values inspire and connect thousands of people and signify the broad mandate for holding the Games within the Commonwealth.

After Olympics, Commonwealth Games is the second largest sports festival in the world. The Games are held once in four years but only in between the Olympic years. The Games were originally known as the British Empire Games. The first Commonwealth Games were held in 1930 at Hamilton, Canada. The 10th Commonwealth Games were held at Christchurch, New Zealand in 1974, the 11th in Edmonton (Canada) in 1978, the 12th in Brisbane (Australia) in 1982, the 13th in Edinburgh (Scotland) in 1986, the 14th in Auckland (New Zealand) in 1990 and the 15th in Victoria (Canada) in 1994, where about 3,350 athletes from a record 64 nations (including South Africa, which joined the family of Commonwealth athletes after 36 years) participated. Namibia also, which gained its independence in 1990, made its debut while Hong Kong made its final appearance in the Games before being ceded to China in 1997.

S. Venue Year No of Countries No 1 Hamilton, Canada 1930 11 2 London, United Kingdom 1934 16

3 Sydney, Australia 1938 15

4 Auckland, New Zealand 1950 12 5 , Canada 1954 24 6 Cardiff, United Kingdom 1958 35 7 Perth, Australia 1962 35 8 Jamaica, West Indies 1966 34 9 Edinburgh, United Kingdom 1970 42 10 Christchurch, New Zealand 1974 38 11 Edmonton, Canada 1978 48 12 Brisbane, Australia 1982 47 13 Edinburgh, United Kingdom 1986 26 14 Auckland, New Zealand 1990 55 15 Victoria, Canada 1994 64 16 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 1998 70 17 Manchchester, United Kingdom 2002 72 18 Melbourne, Australia 2006 71 19 New Delhi, India 2010 71

ASIAN GAMES

India played a leading role to organise sports festival for Asian countries on Olympic lines. 'Ever Onward' is the motto of the Asian Games and 'a bright full rising sun with interlocking rings' is its emblem. The first Asian Games were held at New Delhi in 1951 followed by Manila, Philippines (1954); Tokyo, Japan (1958); Jakarta, Indonesia (1962); Bangkok, Thailand (1966, 1970, 1978 & 1998); Teheran, Iran (1974); New Delhi, India (1982); Seoul, South Korea (1986); Beijing, China (1990); Hiroshima, Japan (1994); Bangkok, Thailand (1998); Busan, South Korea (2002); Doha, Qatar (2006). The next editions of the Games is scheduled to be held in and Guangzhou, China (2010).

SAP GAMES

The South Asian Federation Games (SAP Games) is a sport festival of South Asian countries. The South Asian Sports Federation comprising India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives was formed in New Delhi in November, 1982. The first SAP Games were held in in 1984 followed by Dhaka (1985), Kolkata (1987), Islamabad (1989), Colombo (1991), Dhaka (1993) and Chennai (1995). The Eighth SAF Games (September 25- Octobcr 4, 1999) were held in Kathmandu. Three new events—badminton, rowing and karate were introduced for the first time in the 9th SAP Games.

New Name For SAF Games: The SAP Games have been rechristencd as South Asian Games, according to a decision taken by the South Asian Sports Federation at its 32nd meeting held in Islamabad (Pakistan) on April 2, 2004.

INDIAN MEDAL WINNER IN OLYMPIC (Individual)

Year - 1952 Year - 1996 Year - 2004 Year - 2008 Year - 2008 Year - 2008 Abhinav Vijendra K. D. Jadhav Leander Page R. S. Rathore Sushil Kumar Bindra Kumar Bronze Bronze Silver Gold Bronze Bronze Shooting Wrestling Tennis (Single) Shooting Wrestling Boxing (Double Trap) Helinki Atlanta Athens Beijing Beijing Beijing

Air Racing Jawaharlal Challenge Trophy, King's Cup, World Cup. Archery Federation Cup Athletics Charminar Trophy, Federation Cup, World Cup. Badminton Agarwal Cup, Amrit Diwan Cup, Asia Cup, Austrelasia Cup, Chadha Cup, European Cup, Harilela Cup, Ibrahim Rahimatollah Challenge Cup, Konica Cup, Narng cup, Sophia Kitiakara Cup, Konica Cup, S. R. Ruia Cup, Thomas Cup, Tunku Abdul Rahman Cup, Uber Cup, World Cup, Yonex Cup. Basketball Basalat Jha Trophy, B. C. Gupta Trophy, Federation Cup, S. M. Arjuna Raja trophy, Todd Memorial Trophy, William Jones Cup. Billiards Arthur Walker Trophy, Thomas Cup. Boat Rowing American Cup (Yacht racing), Wellington Trophy (India). Boxing Aspy Adjahia Trophy, federation Cup, Val iBaker Trophy. Bridge Basalat Jha Trophy, Holkar Trophy, Ruia Gold Cup, Singhania Trophy. Chess Naidu Trophy, Khaitan Trophy, Limca Trophy, Linares City Trophy, World Cup. Cricket Anthony D'Mellow Trophy, Ashes, Asia Cup, Benson and Hedges Cup, Bose Trophy, Champions Trophy, Charminar Challenge Cup, C. K. Nayudu Trophy, Cooch-Behar Trophy, Deodhar Trophy, Duleep Trophy, Gavaskar-Border Trophy, Duleep Trophy, Gavaskar-Border Trophy, G. D. Birla Trophy, Gillette Cup, Ghulam Ahmad Trophy, hakumat Rai Trophy, ICC World Cup, Interface Cup, Irani Trophy, Jawaharlal Nehru Cup, Lombard World Challenge Cup, McDowells Challenge Cup, Merchant Trophy, Moin-ud-Dowla Cup, NatWest Trophy, Prudential Cup (World Cup), Rani Jhansi Trophy, Ranji Trophy, Rohinton Baria Trophy, Rothmans Cup, Sahara Cup, Sharjah Cup, Sheesh Mahal Trophy, Sheffield Shield, Singer Cup, Sir Frank Worrel Trophy, Texaco Cup, Titan Cup, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Vijay Merchant Trophy, Vizzy Trophy, Wisden Trophy, Wills Trophy, World Series Cup. Football African Natons Cup, Airlines Cup, america Cup, Asia Cup, Asian Women's Cup, Bandodkar Trophy, B. C. Roy Trophy, Cup, Bicentennial Gold Cup, BILT Cup, Bordoloi Trophy, Colombo Cup, Confederations Cup, DCM Cup, Durand Cup, European Cup, FA Cup, Federation Cup, G. V. Raja Memorial Trophy, gold Cup, Governor's Cup, Greek Cup, Great Wall Cup, IFA Shield, Independence Day Cup, Indira Gandhi Trophy, Inter-Continental Cup, Jawaharlal Nehru Gold Cup, Jules Rimet Trophy, Kalinga Cup, Kings Cup, Kirin Cup, Lal Bahadur Shastri Trophy, McDowell Cup, Merdeka Cup, Nagjee Trophy, Naidunia Trophy, Nations Cup, NFL Trophy, Nehru Gold Cup, Nizam Gold Cup, Raghbir Singh Memorial Cup, Rajiv Gandhi Trophy, Rovers Cup, Sanjay Gold Cup, Santosh Trophy, Scissors Cup, Sir Ashutohs Mukherjee Trophy, Stafford Cup, Subroto Cup, Supercup Trophy, Todd Memorial Trophy, UEFA Cup, US Cup, Vittal Trophy, Winner's Cup, World Cup. Golf Canada Cup, Eisenhower Trophy, Inter-Continental Cup, Maekyung LG Fashion Open Trophy, Muthiah Gold Cup, Nomura Trophy, Paralamdi Trophy, President's Trophy, Prince of Wales Cup, Ryder Cup, Solheim Cup, Topolino Trophy, Walker Cup, Waterford Crystal Trophy, World Cup. Hockey Agha Khan Cup, Allwyn Asia Cup, Azlan Shah Cup, Beighton Cup, Bhim Sain Trophy, BMW Trophy, Bombay Gold Cup, Champions Trophy, Clarke Trophy, Trophy, Esanda Champions Cup, European Nations Cup, Gurmeet Trophy, Guru Nanak Cup, Gyanvati Devi Trophy, Indira Gandhi Gold Cup, Intercontinental Cup, Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan Cup, Kuppuswamy Naidu Cup, Lady Rattan Tata Cup (women), Lal Bahadur Shastri Cup, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup, Modi Gold Cup, Murugappa Gold Cup, Nehru Trophy, Obaidullah Gold Cup, Prime Minister's Gold cup, Rangaswami Cup, Ranjit Singh Gold Cup, Rene Frank Trophy, Sanjay Gandhi Trophy, Scindia gold Cup, Shriram Trophy, Tunku Abdul Razak Cup, Wellington Cup, World Cup, Yadavindra Cup. Horse Racing Beresford Cup, Blue Riband, Derby, Grand Natonal Cup. Kabaddi Federation Cup Kho-Kho Federation Cup Netball Anantrao Pawar Trophy. Polo Ezar Cup, Gold Cup, King's Cup, President Cup, Prithi Singh Cup, Radha Mohan Cup, Winchester Cup. Rowing Beefeather's Gin. Rugby Football Bledisloe Cup; Calcutta Cup, Webb Ellis Trophy. Shootng North Wales Cup, Welsh Grand Prix. Snooker Team Tournament Asean Cup. Table Tennis Asian Cup, Berna Bellack Cup, Corbillion Cup (women), Electra Gold Cup, Gasper-Giest Prize, Grand Prix, Jayalaxmi Cup (women), Kamala Ramanunjan Cup, Marcel Corbillon Cup, Pithapuram Cup (men), Swaythling Cup (men), Travancore Cup (women), U Thant Cup, World Cup. Tennis Ambre Solaire Cup, A T&T Cup, Champions Cup, ATP President's Cup, , Dr. Cup, Edgbaston Cup, Evert Cup, Federation Cup, Ghafar Cup, Grand Prix, Grand Slam Cup, Nations' Cup, Watson's Water Trophy, Wightman Cup, Wimbledon Trophy, World Cup, World Team Cup. Volleyball Centennial Cup, Federation Cup, Indira Pradhan Trophy, Shivanthi Gold Cup, World Cup, World League Cup. Weightlifting World Cup. Wrestling Bharat Kesari, Burdwan Shield, World Cup. Yachting America Cup

AREA/MEASUREMENTS OF VARIOUS SPORTS FIELDS Badminton 44ft by 20ft. (doubles); 44ft. By 17 ft (singles) Baseball Diamond shaped ground; 90ft on each side and 127ft. Along the diagonal Basketball 85ft by 46ft (maximum dimensions) Billiards 10ft. Long, 5ft. Side and 3ft. High Cricket Ground: Round or oval shaped; Wickets: 22 yds. Apart; Ball: 8 13/14 to 9 inches in circumference and 5 3/4 oz. in weight; Bat: 4 1/4 inches maximum width and 38 inches maximum length; Bowling crease: 8 ft. and 8 inches in length; Popping crease: 4 ft. fro Derby Course 1 1/2 miles (2.4 km). Football Length: 100 yds. To 130 yds.; breadth 50 yds; Goal width: 8 yds., Bar: 8 ft. from ground; Area 6 yds., from each goal-post; Ball: 27 inches to 28 inches in circmference; Duration: 90 minutes maximum. Golf Hole 4 1/2 inches; Ball: 1 1/2 oz. in weight. Hockey Ground 100 yds. By 55 to 60 yds.; Duration of game: two periods of 30 minutes each plus extra time in case of draw or suspension of game for some reason; Goal perpendicular posts: 8 yds. Apart joined together by a horizontal cross bar 7 ft. from ground; B Marathon Race 26 miles, 385 yards. Polo Ground: 300 yds. By 200 yds. Table Tennis 9 ft. x 6 ft. x 2 1/2 ft. Tennis 78 ft. by 28 ft. (singles), 78 ft. by 36 ft. (doubles). Volleyball Rectangular 30 ft. by 30 ft.

SPORTS AND THE TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH THEM Badminton Angled Drive Serve, Backhand Low Serve, Bird, Deuce, Double Droup, Fault, Flick Serve, Forehand Smash, Let, Lob, Love All, net Shots, Rush, Smash. Baseball Base, Battery, Bunting, Catcher, Diamond, Hitter, Home Infield, Outfield, Pinch, Pitcher Plate, Pullout, Short Stop, Strike. Basketball Ball, Basket, Blocking, Dribbling, Free Throw, Held Ball, Holding, Jump Ball, Multiple Throws, Pivot. Billiards Baulk Line, Break, Bolting, Cannon, Cue, Hazard, In-off, Jigger, Long jenney, Pot, Scratch, Screw Back, short Stop, Strike. Boxing Ausiliary Point System, Babit Punch, Break, Cut, Defence, Down, Hook, Jab, Lying On, Knock, Seconds out, Slam, Upper Cut, Weight In, Win by Knock-out. Bridge Auction, Bid, Chicane, Cut, Declarer, Doubleton, Dummy, Finesse, Grand Slam, Little Slam, Notrumps, Over-trick, Revoke, rubber, Ruff, Shuffle, Suit, Vulnerable. Chess Bishop, Capture, Castling, Checkmate, En Passant, Gambit, Grand Master, King, Knight, Pawn, Queen, Rook, Stalemate, Under Promoting. Cricket Ashes, Banana, Boundary, Bowling, Caught, Chinaman, Cover Drive, Crease, Doosra, Duck, Duckworth-Lewis Rule, Fine Leg, Follow On, Full Toss, Gardening, Googly, Gully, Hat-trick, Hit Wicket, Inswinger, l.b.w., Leg-break, Leg-bye, Leg Glance, late Cut, maiden Over, No Ball, Off Break, On Drive, Out, Outswinger, Over, Mandatory Over, over Pitch, Popping Crease, Rubber, Run Down, Run Out, Short Pitch, Silly Point, Slip, Square Leg, Stone Walling, Straight Drive, Stumped, Short leg, Spin, Swing, Thirdman, Yorker. Croquet Hoops, Mallet, Peg Out. Draughts Huff Football Advantage Clause, Blind Side, Centre Forward, Corner Kick, Dead Ball, Direct Free Kick, Dribble, Goal kick, Golden Goal, Hat-trick, Marking, OffSide, Penalty Kick, Penalty Shootout, Red Card, Striker, Throw In, Tripping. Golf Best-ball Foursome, Bogey, Bunker, Caddie, Dormy, Fairway, Fourball, Foursome, Greed Holes, Links, Niblic, Par, Put, Rough, Stymied, Tee, Threesome. Gymnastics A-bars, Ariel, Blocks, Cone of Swing, Dish, Flairs, Giants, Inlocate, Kip, Planche, Tariff, Tumble, Virtuosity, Wrap. Hockey Advantage, Back-stick, Bully, Cary, Centre Forward, Corner, Dribble, Flick, Free-hit, Goal Line, Green Card, Halfway Line, Hat-trick, Off-side, Red Car, Roll -in, Scoop, Short Corner, Sixteen- yard hit, Square Pass, Stick, Striking Cirele, Tackle, Tie-breaker, Zonal Marking. Horse Racing Jockey, Punt, Steeplechase, Thorough Bred. Judo Ashi-waza, chui, Dan, Dojo, Gyaku, Hajime, Ippon, Jigotai, Kaeshiwaza, Koka, Makikomi, Nage-waza, O-goshi, Randori, Scarf, Tani-Otoshi, Uchi-komvi, Waki-gatame, Yoshi, Yuko. Karate Age Zuki, Ai-uchi, Aka, Chakugan, Dachi, Encho Sen, Fudotachi, Gedan, Geri, Hajime, Ibuki, Jion, Kakato, Koka, Makiwara, Nidan, Obi, Rei, Sanbon, Shiro, Tobigeri, Ude, Waza-ari, Yoko- geri, Zanshin, Zen-no. Polo Bunker, Chukker, Mallet. Rowing Bow, Bucket, Cow, Ergometer, Feather, Paddle, Regatta. Rugby Football A Trackle, Lines, Scrum, Touch, Try. Shootng Bag, Bull's Eye, Marksmanship, Muzzle, Plug. Skiing Tobogganing. Swimming Breast Stroke, Crawl. Table Tennis Anti Loop, Backspin, Chop, Loop, Penhold Grip, Push, Spin, Twiddle. Tennis Ace, Backhand Stroke, Deuce, Deep Volley, Deuce, Double Fault, Fault, Ground Stroke, Half Volley, Let, Love, Slice, Smash, Volley Volleyball Ace, Base-line, Blocking, Doubling, Foot Fault, Heave, Holding, Jump Set, Lob Pass, Love All, Point, Quick Smash, Scouting, Service, Spike, Tactical Ball, Volley, Windmill Service. Wrestling Half-Nelson, Head Lock, Heave, Hold, Rebouts, Scissor.

Important UN Agencies Other UN Agencies Name of Objectives/Headquarters/Established Groups/Agencies The Common It was originally known as 'The British Commonwealth of Nations'. It is Wealth an association of sovereing and independent states which formally made up the British empire. It's headquarter is located at London. The British Monarch (Queen Elizabeth II) is the symbolic head of the commonwealth. The Commonwealth heads of government meet (CHOGM) is held in every 2 years. Arab League The Arab League was established on March 22, 1945. The objective was to promote economic, social, political and military cooperation. The headquarter of this organization is located at Cairo (egipt), which have 23 members. Asia Pacific The APEC was established on November, 1989. The basic objective of Economic this organization is to promote trade and investment in the pacific basin. Cooperation It has 21 member. (APEC) Asian Development It was established on december 19th 1966. The basic objective was to Bank (ADB) promote regional economic cooperation. he headquarter of this organization is located at Manila and it has 59 members. Association of The ASEAN was established on 8th August,1967. The basic objective of South-East Asian this organization was regional, economic, social and cultural co- Nations (ASEAN) operation among the non-commercial countries of South-East asia. The members of this organization are Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philipines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Mayanmar, Cambodia. It's headquarter is located at Djakarta. Common Wealth of This organization was established on December 8th, 1991. Thebasic Independent states objective of this oeganization is to coordinae inter-commonwealth (CIS) relations and to provide a mechanism for the orderly dissolution of the USSR. It has 12 members and headquarter located at Kirava (Belarus) Group of 8 or G-08 It was established on Sept. 22, 1985, to promote co-operation among major non-cmmunist economic powers., Members: France, Germany, Japan, UK, US, Canada, Italy, and Russia. Group of 15 (G-15) It is sstablished on 1989, to promote economic co-operation among developing nations. It has 19 members. Group of 77 (G-77) It was established on Oct., 1967, to promote economic co-operation among developing nations. It has 27 members. International It was established on 1914, to promote international cooperation among Criminal Police criminal police authorities. It has 178 members, and it's headquarters Organisation located at France. (INTERPOL) International It was established on June 23, 1894, to promote the olympic ideals and Olympic Committee administer olympic games. It has 167 members and it's headquarters (IOC) located at Swizerland International It is established on Feb., 1947, to promote the development of Organisation for international standards, It has 140 members and its headquarters located Standardisation at Switzerland. (ISO) International Red It is established on 1928, to promote worldwide humanitarian aid, It's cross And Red headquarters located at Geneva. Crescent Movement Non-aligned It is established on Sept. 1961, the main objective was political co- Movement (NAM) operation and separate itself from both USA and USSR (in the cold-war era). It has 116 members. The credit of evolving the concept goes to Pt. Jawahar lal Nehru. The other contributors were Marshal tito (President of Yugoslavia), Dr. Sukarno (President of Indonesia) and General Nasser (President of Egypt). Bandung conference in Indonesia became the forum for the birth of NAM. European Union It was established on Apr. 8, 1965. Effective on July 1, 1967., The objective was to create a united Europe in which member countries would have such strong economic and political bonds that war would cease to be a recurring fact., It has 25 members. (The ten new countries which joined in 2004 are Cyprus, Czech Republic, , Hungary, latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slavakia and Slovania)., It's headquarters located at Brussels (Belgium). The common European, currency, Euro, was launched on Jan. 1, 1999. North Atlantic It was estableshed on April 4, 1949. The objective of this organization is Treaty organisation to provide mutual defence and cooperation. It has more than 26 members (NATO) like Russia. It's headquarters located at Brussels. Organisation of It was established on Sept, 1959. The objective was to set world prices Petroleum by controlling oil production and also persues member interest in trade Exporting and development. It has 13 members (Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Countries (OPEC) Kuwait, Libya, UAE, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Gabon, Equador and Venezuela). It's headquarters at Vienna (Austria). South Asian Association For It was established on Dec. 8, 1985, to promote economic, social and Regional cultural cooperation. The members are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Cooperation Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Srilanka., Headquarters: Kathmandu. (SAARC) World It was established on Oct 11, 1947, effective from April 4, 1951., Thw Meteorological main objective was specialised UN agency concerned with Organisation meteorological cooperation., It's headquarter at Geneva and it has 162 (WMO) member. Amnesty It was established on 1961, To keep a watch over human rights violation International (AI) worldwide., headquarters at London, Got Nobel Prize in 1977 for Peace. Organisation of The It was established 1969, to promote Islamic solidarity among member Islamic conference states and to consolidate cooperation among members., It has 57 (OIC) members, and it's headquarters at Saudi Arabia.

Shanghai It was established on June 7, 2002, to develop mutual cooperation., Cooperation Members: Russia, China, Kazakhistan, Uzbekistan, kyrghiztan and Organisation (SCO) Tajikistan.

Scouts and Guides It was establishedon 1907 by Lt. Gen. Baden Powell., to encourage good character, loyalty to god and country, service to other people and physical and mental fitness., It has about 13 million members of around 115 nations., World Scouts Bureau: Geneva (Switzerland). World Wildife It was established on Sept. 11, 1961, to save the wildlife from extinction, Fund for Nature Members: All the countries of the world, headquarters at Gland (WWF) (Switzerland).

Important UN Agencies Other UN Agencies Name Estd. Headquarters Purpose International Labour To improve conditions and living 1919 Geneva Organization (ILO) standard of workers. World Health Organization attainment of highest possible 1948 Geneva (WHO) level of health by all people. United Nations Educational To promote collaboration among Scientific and Cultural 1946 Paris nations through education, science Organization (UNESCO) and culture. International Atomic Energy To promote peaceful uses of 1957 Vienna Agency (IAEA) atomic energy. United Nation's International To promote children's welfare all Children's Emergency Fund 1946 New York over the world. (UNICEF) United Nations High 1950 Geneva To provide protection of refugees. Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) United Nations Fund for For formulating population 1967 New York Population Activitie (UNFPA) policies. International Fund for For financing agricultural prjects Agricultural Development 1977 Rome in the world to raise the economic growth. United Nations Conference on Promotes international trade to Trade and development 1964 Geneva accelerate economic growth of (UNCTAD) developing countries. International Civil Aviation Promotes safety of International 1947 Montreal Organizatio(ICAO) aviation. International Monitery Washington D. Promotes international monetary 1945 Fund(IMF) C. cooperation. International Finance Promote economic development Washington D. Corporation(IFC) 1956 by encouraging private enterprise C. in its member countries. Universal Postal Union (UPU) Improve various postal services in 1947 Beme the world. United Nations Enviornmental Promotes international co- 1972 Nairobi Programme (UNEP) operation in human environment. United Nations Industrial Sets international regulations for Development Organization 1967 Geneva radio, telegraph, telephone and (UNIDO) space radio communication. Food and Agricultursl To improveliving condition of 1945 Rome Organization (FAO) rural population. International Bank for Development of economics of Reconstruction and Development Washington D. members by facilitating 1945 (IBRD) C. investment of capitals by providing loans. World Meteorological Promote international exchange of 1950 Geneva Organization (WMO) weather reports. World Trade Organization Setting rules for the world trade to 1995 Geneva (WTO) reduce tariffs. United Nations Development Help developing countries Programme (UNDP) increase the wealth producing 1995 New York capabilities of their natural and human resources. Inter Government Maritime 1958 London Promotes co-operation on technial Consultative Organization matters of maritime safety, (IMCO) navigation and encourages anti pollution measures. International An affiliate to the World Bank, Washington D. Development Associassion (IDA) 1960 aims to help under-developed C. countries raise living standards. International Tele Sets international regulations for Communication Union (ITU) 1947 Geneva radio telegraph, telephone and space radio communications. United nations Institute for Provides training and research to Training and Research help faciliated UN objectives of 1965 New York (UNITAR) world peace and security and of economic and social progress. United Nations Relief and Work Provides basic amenities and for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) 1949 New York education for the victim of Arab- Israel War. United Nations Fund for Studying population dynamics, Population Activities (UNFPA) collecting population data, 1967 New York formulating and evolving population policies, family planning and related programmes.

Longest, Largest, Biggest, Smallest, Tallest and Highest

Longest river (India) Ganges Longest river (World) Nile The longest tributary river of India Yamuna The longest river of the south Godavari Highest mountain peak Godwin Austin (k2) Largest lake (Fresh water) Wular lake (Kashmir) Highest Dam Tehri Dam on Bhagirathi River Largest Mosque Jama Masjid, Delhi Longest Road Grand Trunk Road State with longest coastline Gujarat Largest railway route Dibrugarh in Assam to Kannyakumari in Tamil Nadu Longest tunnel Jawahar tunnel (Jammu & Kashmir) Longest national highway NH-7 which runs from Varanasi to Kanyakumari Longest Dam Hirakod Dam (Orissa) Longest River Bride Mahatma Gandhi Setu, Patna Longest populated city Mumbai (1.60 crore) Largest Museum National Museum, Kolkata Largest Delta Sunderban Delta, W. Bengal Largest Dome Gol Gumbaz, Bijapur (Karnataka) Largest Zoo Zoological Gardens, Alipur, Kolkata Largest man-made Lake Govind Vallabh Pant Sagar (Rihand Dam) Largest Desert Thar (Rajasthan) Highest Tower Pitampura Tower, Delhi Smallest State (Area) Goa Smallest State (Population) Sikkim Highest Waterfall Gersoppa waterfall (Karnataka) Longest Electric railway line From Delhi to Kolkata via Patna Densest populated State West Bengal Largest cave temple Kailash temple, Ellora (Maharashtra) Largest animal Fair Sonepur (Bihar) Highest Gateway Buland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri (Agra) Biggest Hotel Oberal –Sharaton (Mumbai) Largest State (Area) Rajasthan Largest State (Population) Uttar Pradesh Place of heaviest rainfall Mausinram (Meghalaya) Largest corridor Rameshwaram temple corridor (Tamil Nadu) Largest cantilever span bride Howrah Bridge (Kolkata) Largest forest state M.P. Highest straight gravity Dam Bhakra Dam Longest Railway Platform (W. Bengal) Largest Stadium Salt lake (Yuva Bharti), Kolkata Largest Port Mumbai Highest Lake Devatal (Garhwal) Largest Lake (Saline water) Chika lake, Orissa Highest Award Highest Gallantry Award Paramveer Chakra Largest Gurudwara Golden Temple, Amritsar Deepest river valley Bhagirathi & Alaknanda State with longest coastline of South Andhra Pradesh India Longest river which forms estuary Narmada Largest Church Saint Cathedral (Goa) Longest Beach Marina Beach, Chennai Highest Battle field Siachin Glacier Highest Airport Len (Laddakh) Largest river island Majuli (Brahmaputra river, Assam) Largest Planetarium Birla Planetarium (Kolkata)

News Papers/ Journals Founder/Editors Bengal Gazette (India's first news paper, J. K. Hikki 1780) Amrit Bazar Patrika Shishir Kr. Ghosh & Ghosh Keshri Maharatta Bal Gangadhar Tilak Sudharak G. K. Gokhle Aurobindo Ghosh Native Opinion V. N. Mandalik Kavivachan Sudha Bhartendu Harishchandra Rast Goftar (First News Paper in Gujrati) New India Statesman Robert Knight Hindu Vir Raghavacharya & G. S. Aiyar Sandhya B. B. Upadhyaya Vichar Lahiri Krishna Shastri Chiplunkar Hindu Patriot Girish Chandra Ghosh Som Prakash Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Bhupendra Nath Datta & Barindra Kumar Yugantar Ghosh Bombay Chronicle Firoze Shah Mehta Hindustan Madan Mohan Malviya Mooknayak B. R. Ambedkar Comrade Mohammed Ali Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq Sir Syyed Ahmed Khan Al-Hilal Al-Balagh Abul Kalam Azad Independent Motilal Nehru Punjabi Lala Lajpat Rai New India Commonweal Annie Besant Pratap Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Essays in Indian Economics Samvad Kaumudi (Bengali) Roy Mirat-ul-Akhbar (First Persian News Paper) Indian Mirror Devendra Nath Tagore Nav Jeevan M. K. Gandhi Young India M. K. Gandhi Harijan M. K. Gandhi Prabudha Bharat Swami Vivekananda Udbodhana Swami Vivekananda Indian Socialist Shyamji Krishna Verma Talwar (in Berlin) Birendra Nath Chattopadhyaye Free Hinduatan Tarak Nath Das K. M. Pannikar Mirajkar, Joglekar, Ghate

Short Name Full Form or Abbreviations 3G Third Generation AAA Asian Athletics Association AAFI The Amateur Athletics Federation of India AC Ante Christum (Before Christ), Ashok Chakra, Air Conditioner ADB Asian Development Bank AFI Athletics Federation of India AFMC Armed Forces Medical College AI Artifical Intelligence, Air India AICTE All India Council for Technical Education AIFF All India Football Federation AIIMS All India Institute of Medical Science AITUC All India Trade Union Congress ALGOL Algebric Oriented Language AM Ante Meridiem (before Noon), Amplitude Modulation APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation ARPANET Advanced Research Project Agency Network ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations ASLV Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle AT&T American Telegraphic and Telephone Co. Ltd. ATC Air Traffic Control ATM Automated Teller Machine AVSM Ati Vishisht Seva Medal B2B Busines to Business B2C Business to Consumer BARC Bhabha Atomic Research Centre BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BBS Bulletin Board Service BC Before Christ BHEL Bharat Heavy Electri-cals Ltd BIOS Basic Input Output System BIT Binary Digit BPL Below Poverty Line BPO Business Process Outsourcing BPR Business Process Re-engineering bps bytes per second BSE Bombay Stock Exchange BSF Border Security Force BSNL Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited C2C Consumer to Consumer CA Chartered Accountant CAD Computer Aided Design CAT Common Admission Test CBI Central Bureau of Investigation CBSE Central Board of Secondary Education CDAC Centre for the Development of Advanced Computing CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CEO Chief Executive Officer CFSL Central Forensic Science Laboratory CGI Common Gateway Interface CIA Central Intelligence Agency CID Criminal Investigation Department CISC Complex instruction-set computing CITU Centre of Indian Trade Unions CNN Cable News Network COMSAT Communications Satellite Corporation COPRA Consumer Protection Act CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture CPI(M) Communist Party of India / Marxist CPWD Central Public Works Department CRIS Centre for Railway Information System CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research CTBT Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty CYMK Cyan, Yellow, Magenta, Kinda D.Litt. Doctor of Literature D.Phil. Doctor of Philosophy D.Sc Doctor of Science DC Direct Current DIG Deputy Inspector General DMA Direct Memory Access DMK Dravida Munetra Kazhagam DNA Deoxyribo-nucleic Acid DTP Desktop Publishing DVC Damodar Valley Corporation DVD Digital Versatile/Video Disc

Short

Full Form or Abbreviations

Name E & OE Errors and Omissions Excepted EDI Electronic Data Interchange EIS Executive Information System E-MAIL Electronic Mailing EMI Equated Monthly Instalments ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator ENT Ear, Nose and Throat EOF end of file EOT Eastern Daylight Time EPABX Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange ERNET Educational and Research Network FAQ Frequently Asked Question FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation FBT Fringe Benefit Tax FBTR Fast Breeder Test Reactor FBW Fly-By-Wire FCI Food Corporation of India; Fertilizer Corporation of India FDI Foreign Direct Investment FEMA Foreign Exchange Management Act FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry International Football Federation (Federation Internationale de Football Associa- FIFA tion) FIR First Information Report FM Frequency modulation FRCP Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians FRCS Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons FRCS Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society FRS Fellow of the Royal Society Group of Seven (US, UK, Germany, France, Italy, japan and Canada) G8 includes G7 G7 plus Russia GATE Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering GATS General Agreement on Trade and Services GDP Gross Domestic Product GMAT Graduate Management Admission Test GMT Greenwich Mean Time GSLV Geo-Synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle GSM Global System for Mobile Communications GSP Generalised System Preference GUI Graphical User Interface HAL Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HMI Himalayan Institute HTML Hyper Text Markup Language HUDCO Housing and Urban Development Corp. HVAC Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning i.e. id est (that is) IAAI International Airport Authority of India IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IARI Indian Agricultural Research Institute IAS Indian Administrative Service IATA International Air Transport Association IBM International Business Machines ICSE Indian Certificate of Secondary Education ICU Intensive Care Unit ICWA Indian Council of World Affairs IDA International Development Agency IDBI Industrial Development Bank of India IEEE Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers IELTS International English Language Testing System IFC Industrial Finance Corporation, International Finance Corporation IFS Indian Foreign Service; Indian Forest Service IGNOU Indira Gandhi National Open University IIPA Indian Institute of Public Administration IISCO Indian Iron and Steel Company IISS International Institute of Strategic Studies IIT Indian Institute of Technology ILA Indian Library Association ILO International Labour Organisation IMAP Internet Mail Access Protocol IMF International Monetary Fund INA INTUC Indian National Trade Union Congress IOC Indian Oil Corporation IP Internet Protocol IPC Indian Penal Code IPCL Indian Petro-Chemicals Corporation Ltd IPI International Press Institute

IPO Initial Public Offering IPS Indian Police Service; Inter Press Service IQ Intelligence Quotient IRC International Red Cross IRDP Integrated Rural Development Programme IRS Indian Revenue Service ISBN International Standard Book Number ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISI Indian Standards Institution; Inter Services Intelligence ISKCON International Society for Krishna Consciousness ISO International Standards Organisation ISRO Indian Space Research Organisation IST Indian Standard Time ITBP Indo-Tibetan Border Police ITES Information Technology enabled services ITI Indian Telephone Industries
Industrial Training Institute ITU International Telecommunication Union IVF In-Vitro Fertilisation IVM In-vitro Maturation JCO Junior Commissioned Officer JEE Joint Entrance Examination JPEG Joint Photographic Expert Group LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation LCA Light Combat Aircraft LCD Liquid Crystal Display
Least Common Denominator LCM Lowest Common Multiple LIC Life Insurance Corporation (of India) LLB Bachelor of Laws LMC Large Megallanic Cloud LTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam M.A. Magisiter Artium (Master of Arts) M.D Doctor of Medicine MBA Master of Business Administration MBBS Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery MCC Marylebone Cricket Club MCI Medical Council of India MICR Magnetic ink character recognition MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface MIPS Million Instructions per Second MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Master Instruction Tape MLA Member of Legislative Assembly MNC Multi-National Corporation MODEM modulator demodulator MP Member of Parliament; Madhya Pradesh MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group MRCP Member of the Royal College of Physicians MTCR Missile Technology Control Regime MVC Maha Vir Chakra NAAC National Assessment and Accreditation Council NABARD National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development NAFED National Agricultural Co-operative Marketing Federation NALCO National Aluminium Company Ltd. NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASDAQ National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation NASSCOM National Association of Software and Service Companies NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NAV Net Asset Value NCERT National Council of Educational Research and Training National Centre for Supercomputing Applications; National Computer Security NCSA Association NDA National Defence Academy NOC No Objection Certificate NPA Non-performing Assets NPT Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty NRF National Renewal Fund NSUI National Students Union of India NTPC National Thermal Power Corporation OBC Other Backward Classes OCR Optical Character Recognition ONGC Oil and Natural Gas Corporation OOP Object Oriented Programme OPEC Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries OSCAR Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio PAN Permanent Account Number Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy (Philosophiae Doctor) PIL Public Interest Litigation PIN Postal Index Number PSLV Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PWD Public Works Department; R&D Research and Development RADAR Radio Detecting and Ranging RAM Random Access Memory RAW Research & Analysis Wing RBI Reserve Bank of India RDX Research Department Explosive (Cyclotrim-ethylin Trinitrate) RISC Reduced instruction-set computing RNA Ribonucleic acid ROM Read Only Memory RPM Revolutions Per Minute RTI Right to Information SAIL Steel Authority of India Limited SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface SEBI Securities and Exchange Board of India SENSEX Sensitivity Index (of Share Price) SEZ Special Economic Zone SGPC Siromani Gurudwara Prabandak Committee SIM Subscriber Information Module SLV Satellite Launch Vehicle SMS Short Message Service SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol STD Subscriber Trunk Dialling; Sexually Transmitted Diseases TADA Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act TCP Transfer Call Protocol
Transmission Control Protocol TELCO Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company TFT Thin-Film Transistor TIFR Tata Institute of Fundamental Research TISCO Tata Iron and Steel Company TOEFL Test of English as a Foreign Language UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle UGC University Grants Commission ULFA United Liberation Front of Asom UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organi-sation UNI United News of India United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (now, 'United Nations UNICEF Children's Fund') UNU United Nations University UPA United Progressive Alliance UPSC Union Public Service Commission URL Uniform Resource Locator VAT Value Added Tax VCR Video Cassette Recorder VIP Very Important Person VIRUS Vital Information Resources Under Siege VRML Virtual Reality Modelling Language VRS Voluntary Retirement Scheme VSSC Space Centre WHO World Health Organisation WMO World Meteorological Organisation WTO World Trade Orga-nisation WWF World Wildlife Fund WWW World Wide Web WYSIWYG What you see is what you get XML Extensible Mark-up Language YMCA Young Men's Christian Association ZIP Zone Improvement Plan

Famous Cities and River Banks in India and Other Countries City Country River

Adelaide Australia Torrens

Amsterdam Netherlands Amsel

Alexandria Egypt Nile

Ankara Turkey Kazil

Allahabad India At the confluence of the Ganga and Yamuna

Agra India Yamuna

Ayodhya India Saryu

Ahmedabad India Sabarmati Badrinath India Alaknanda

Bareilly India Ram Ganga

Bangkok Thailand Chao Praya

Basra Iraq Euphrates and Tigris

Baghdad Iraq Tigris

Berlin Germany Spree

Bonn Germany Rhine

Budapest Hungary Daunbe

Bristol U. K. Avon

Buenos Aires Argentina Laplata

Cuttack India Mahanadi

Curnool India Tungabhadra

Chittagong Bangladesh Majyani

Canton China Si-Kiang

Cairo Egypt Nile

Chung King China Yang-tse-King

Cologne Germany Rhine

Delhi India Yamuna

Dandzing Germany Vistula

Dresden Germany Elve

Dibrugarh India Brahmaputra

Dublin Ireland Liffy

Ferozpur India Satluj

Guwahati India Brahmaputra Hardwar India Ganga

Hyderabad India Musi

Hamburg Germany Elve

Jabalpur India Narmada

Jamshedpur India Swarnarekha

Jaunpur India Gomti

Kabul Afghanistan

Karachi Pakistan Indus

Kanpur India Ganga

Kota India Chambal

Kolkata India Hooghly

Khartoum Sudan Confluence of Blue and white Nile

Lahore Pakistan Ravi

Leningrad Russia Neva

Lucknow India Gomti

Lisbon Portugal Tagus

Liverpool England Messey

Ludhiana India Satluj

London England Thames

Mathura India Yamuna

Moscow Russia Moskva

Montreal Canada St. Lawrence

Nanking China Yang-tse-Kiang

New Orleans U.S.A. Mississippi Nasik India Godavari

New York U.S.A. Hudson

Ottawa Canada Ottawa

Patna India Ganga

Paris France Seine

Philadelphia U.S.A. Delaware

Perth Australia Swan

Panjim India Mandavi

Prague Czech Republic Vitava

Quebec Canada St. Lawrence

Rome Italy Tiber

Rotterdam The Netherlands New Mass

Stalingrad Russia Volga

Shanghai China Yang-tse-Kiang

Sidney Australia Darling

Srinagar India Jhelum

Surat India Tapti

Sambalpur India Mahanadi

Serirangapatam India Cauvery

Saint Luis U.S.A. Mississippi

Tiruchurapalli India Cauvery

Tokyo Japan Arakava

Ujjain India Kshipra

Vijayvada India Krishna Varanasi India Ganga

Vienna Australia Danube

Warsaw Poland Vistula

Washington D.C. U.S.A. Potomac

Yangoon Myanmar Irrawaddy

Quotation Quoted By

1 Swaraj is my Birth Right Bal Gangadhar Tilak

2 Take care to get what G. B. Shaw you like or you will be forced to like what you get.

3 A thing of beauty is a joy forever

4 To be and not to be that Shakespeare is the question.

5 Delhi Chalo Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose

6 Superstition is the Edmund Burke religion of feeable minds.

7 Let a hundread flowers Mao-Ste-Tunng bloom and let a thousand school of thought contend.

8 Aram Haram Hai Jawahar Lal Nehru

9 Where wealth Goldsmith accumulates, men decay.

10 Beauty is truth, truth is John Keats beauty, that is all.

11 I came I saw I conquered Shekspear 12 Good Government is no Alfred Tennyson substitute for self government.

13 A democratic Abraham Linkon Government is of the people, for the people and by the people.

14 Jay Hind Netaji

15 Law grinds the poor and Gold Smith rich men rule the men.

16 The human soul needs D. H. Lawrence actual beauty more than bread.

17 War is the greatest Zarathustra crime man perpetrates against man.

18 There never was a good Benjamin Franklin war or a bad peace.

19 The only man who never Theodore Roosevelt makes mistakes is the man who never does anything.

20 Truth and Non-violence M. K. Gandhi is my God

21 Jai Jawan, Jai Bahadur Shastri

22 Eureka Eureka Archimedes

23 Just as I would not like Abraham Linkon to be a slave, so I would not like to be a master.

24 Brevity is the soul of wit. Shekspear

25 East is east and west is Kipling west and never the twin shall meet.

26 Knowledge is Power Hobbes

27 Man is by nature a Aristotol political animal.

28 Temptation usually Arnold Glasow comes in through a door that has delibaretly been left open.

29 I therefore want Gandhiji freedom immediately this very night, before dawn if it can be had?

30 Man is not the creature Disraeli of circumstance. Circumstances are the creature of men.

31 Excellent things are rare. Plato

32 Well done is better than Benjamin Franklin well said.

33 Ambition is like love: Buddha Impatient both of delays as well as rivals.

34 The child is father of the William Wordsworth man.

35 Faith is the bird that Rabindra Nath Tagore feels the light when the dawn is still dark.

36 Patriotism is religion and Bankim Chandra Chatterjee religion is love for India.

37 Oh! Disrespectable G.B.Shaw democracy! I love you!

Book's Name Author's Name

A Bend in the River V. S. Naipaul

A Gift of Monotheists Ram Mohan Roy

A House for Mr.Biswas V.S.Naipaul

A Journey Tony Blair

A Minister and his Responsibilities Morarji Bhai Desai

A Nation is Making Surendra Nath Bandhopadhye

A Pair of Blue Eyes Thomash Hardy

A Passage to India E. M. Foster

A Revenue Stamp (autobiography)

A Strange and Sublime Address Amit Choudhary

A Suitable Boy Bikram Seth

A Tale of Two Cities Charls Dikens

A Voice of Freedom Nayantara Shehgal

A week with Gandhi L. Fischer

Adventures of Sherlock Homes Arther Canon Doel

All the Prime Minister's Men Janardan Thakur

Allahabad Prasasti Harisen

Amitabh- the Making of the Superstar Susmita Das Gupta

Amukta Malyad Krishna Deva Raya

An Unknown Indian Nirod C. Choudhary

Anand Math Bankim Chandra Chattopadhaye

Anna Karenina

Aparajito Bibhuti Bhushan Bandopadhyay

Apple Cart G. B. Shaw

Aranyak Bibhuti Bhushan Bandopadhyay

Arogyaniketan Tarashankar Bandopadhyay

Astyadhaye Panini

Bakul Katha

Ban Palashir Padabali Ramapada Chowdhury Bandit Queen Mala Sen

Bela Obela Kalbela Jibanananda Das

Bengali Zamindar Nilmoni Mukherjee

Bicramanchadev Bilhon

Blind Beauty Boris Pasternak

Buddhacharit Asha Ghosh

Captive Lady Michel Madhusudan Dutta

Causes of the Indian Mutiny Sir Syyed Ahmed Khan

Charitraheen Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay

Chidambara S. N. Panth

Circle of the Region Amitabha Ghosh

City of Job Charnak Nisith Ranjan Roy

Commedy Errors Shekhspear

Conversations with Myself Nelson Mandela

Coolie Mulkraj Anand

Crisis of India Ronal Segal

Das Capital Karl Marks

Death of President W. Marchent

Decamaren Bocachio

Desert Village Oliver Goldsmith

Devdas Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay

Development as Freedom Amartya Sen

Devi Chaudharani Bankim Chandra Chattopadhaye

Devine Comedi Dante

Divine Life Sivanand

Economic Ramesh Chandra Dutta

End and Means Huxlay

Faust Goethe

Ferary Queen Edmond Spensar

Freedom at Midnight Lapierre & Collins Friend Not Master Ayub Khan

Ganadebota Tarashankar Bandopadhyay

Gathering Strom Churchil

Gaurdbaho Bakpatiraj

Ghulam Giri Jyotiba Phule

Global Crisis Recession and Uneven Recovery Y.B. Reddy

Great Indian and Their Landmark Speeches Manohar and Sarita Prabhakar

Guide R. K. Narayanan

Half a Life V. S. Naipaul

Hero of Nymph Aurobindo Ghosh

Hind Swaraj M. K. Gandhi

Hindu View of Life S. Radhakrishnan

Historica Herodotus

I follow the Mahatma K. M. Munshi

I Van Ho Walter Scot

Ignited Minds - Unleashing the power within India DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

In an Antique Land Amitabh Ghosh

India 2020 - A Vision for the New Millennium DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

India Divided Rajendra Prashad

India for A Billion Reasons Amit Dasgupta

India Wins Freedom Abdul Kalam Azad

Indian Epigraphy D. C. Sircar

Indian Village S. C. Dube

Indian war and Independence D. V. Savarkar

Indica Megasthenis

Infinite Jest David Foster Wallace

Inheritance of Loss Kiran Desai

Jalsaghar Tarashankar Bandopadhyay

Jhara Palak Jibanananda Das

Jinnah- India, Partition, Independence Jaswant Singh Jungle Book R. Kippling

Kanterbary Tells Geofray Chosar

Kidnapped Stevenson

Kubla Khan Coleridge

Lalit Bihar Ashwa Ghosh

Life Divine Aurobindo Ghosh

Mahabhashya Patanjali

Man and Superman G. B. Shaw

Midnight Children Salman Rushdi

Mitakshara Vijnaneswara

Modernization of Indian Tradition Yogendra Singh

Mother Maxim Gorkay

Mother India Katharin Mayo

Murder in Cathedral Elliot

My Country My Life Lal Krishna Advani

My Experiments With Truth M. K. Gandhi

My Indian Years Lord Hardinge II

My Journey DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Myth of Independence Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

Neel Darpan Dinbandhu Mitra

Netaji Dead or Alive Samar Guha

A. B. Vajpayee

New India Annie Besant

One Night @ the Call Centre Chetan Bhagat

Padma Nadir Majhi Manik Bandopadhyay

Pakhtoon Khan

Palli Samaj Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay

Paradise Lost

Parineeta Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay

Pather Panchali Bibhuti BHushan Bandopadhaye Poverty & Un-British Rule in India Dadabhai Naoroji

Pratham Pratisruti Ashapurna Devi

Precepts of Jesus Ram Mohan Roy

Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen

Principles of Sociology Herbert Spencer

Prison Diary Jay Prakash Narayan

Problems of the East Lord Curzon

Putul Nacher Itikatha Manik Bandopadhyay

Races and Cultures of India D. N. Majumdar

Rajtarangini Kalhan

Ramcharit S. K. Nandi

Rashmirathi

River of Smoke

Saket Mathili Saran Gupta

Satyarth Prakash Swami Dayanand

Shadow Line Amitabh Ghosh

Shadow of Ladakh B. Bhattacharia

Shape of Things To Come H. G. Wells

Sitaram Bankim Chandra Chattopadhaye

Social Structure of Values Radha Kamal Mukherjee

Straight from the Heart

Subarnalata Ashapurna Devi

Tahakak - E - Hind Albiruni

Talisman Walter Scott

The Algebra of Infinite Justice Arundhati Roy

The Bandit Queen Mala Sen

The City of Joy Dhominic Lapier

The Discovery of India Jawahar Lal Nehru

The God of Small Things Arundhuti Roy

The Harry Potter Series J. K. Rowling The Indian Struggle Subash Chandra Bose

The Indian War of Independence V. D. Savarkar

The Inheritance of Loss Kiran Desai

The Judgement Kuldip Nayar

The Masque of Africa V. S. Naipaul

The Miracle of Democracy: India's Amazing Journey Mr. T. S. Krishnamurthy

The Nadars of Tamil Nadu D. N. Dhanagre

The Nehrus; Motilal and Jawaharlal B. R. Nanda

The Prince Maciavaly

The Rediscovery of India Meghnad Desai

The Satanic Verse Salman Rushdi

The Science of Bharat Natyam

The Sense of an Ending Julian Barnes

The Silent Cry Kenjaburo Ue

The Spirit of Syyed Amir Ali

The Village By the Sea Anita Desai

The White Tiger Aravind Adiga

Theory of Relativity Einstein

Three Marketiars Alexander Doma

To all fighters of freedom, Why Socialism? J. P. Narayan

Truth, Love and A Little Malice Khushwant Singh

Two Leaves and a Bud Mulkraj Anand

Two Lives Vikram Seth

Unhappy India Lala Lajpat Rai

Urbashi R. D. Dinkar

Utopia Thomas Moor

Vision of the Past Michel Madhusudan Dutta

Volga Se Ganga Rahul Sankritayan

War and Peace Tolstoy

What Congress and Gandhi have done to the untouchables B. R. Ambedkar Wings of Fire DR. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Important UN Agencies Other UN Agencies THE UNITED NATIONS: ORGANIZATION In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter. The Organization officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and a majority of other signatories. United Nations Day is celebrated on 24 October. Charter The Charter is the constituting instrument of the United Nations, setting out the rights and obligations of Member States, and establishing the Organization's organs and procedures. Purposes The purposes of the United Nations, as set forth in the Charter, are to maintain international peace and security; to develop friendly relations among nations; to cooperate in solving international economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems and in promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms; and to be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in attaining these ends. Structure The six principal organs of the United Nations, are the: General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice and Secretariat.

General Assembly

It consists of all member states of the U.N. Each member nation can send five delegates but each nation has only one vote. The General Assembly meets in regular session beginning in September each year.

Security Council

It is the executive body of the U.N. It consists of total 15 members, out of which 5 members are permanent and the remaining 10 members are non-permanent. China, France, Russia, UK and USA are the permanent members. tHe non-permanent members are elected by the General Assembly for 2 years from among the member states. The permanent members of the security council have got veto power. Any matter supported by the majority of the members fails to be carried through if negative vote is cast by any of the permanent members.

Economic and Social Council

This organ of the U. N. consists of 54 representatives of the member countries elected by a two third majority of the General Assembly.

International Court of Justice

It is the principal judicail organ of the United Nations. The headquarters of the International court of justice is at the Hague (Netherland). The court consists of 15 judges.

Trusteeship Council

This organ consists of 14 members out of which five are the permanent members of the security council.

Secretariat

This organ of the United nations is the chief administrative office which coordnates and supervises the activites of the U. N. This secretariat is headed by a Secretary General who is appointed by the General Assembly on the recomendation of the Security Coulcil' Secretary General of the U. N. is elected for five years and eligible for re-election. The present Secretary General is Baan ki Moon

The United Nations family, however, is much larger, encompassing 15 agencies and several programmes and bodies. Budget The budget for the two years 2000-2001 is $2,535 million. The main source of funds is the contributions of Member States, which are assessed on a scale approved by the General Assembly. The fundamental criterion on which the scale of assessments is based is the capacity of countries to pay. This is determined by considering their relative shares of total gross national product, adjusted to take into account a number of factors, including their per capita incomes. In addition, countries are assessed -- in accordance with a modified version of the basic scale -- for the costs of peacekeeping operations, which stood at around $2 billion in 2000. The United Nations family The United Nations family of organizations is made up of the United Nations Secretariat, the United Nations programmes and funds -- such as the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the UN Development Programme (UNDP) -- and the specialized agencies. The programmes, funds and agencies have their own governing bodies and budgets, and set their own standards and guidelines. Together, they provide technical assistance and other forms of practical help in virtually all areas of economic and social endeavour. INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY One of the primary purposes of the United Nations is the maintenance of international peace and security. Since its creation, the United Nations has often been called upon to prevent disputes from escalating into war, to persuade opposing parties to use the conference table rather than force of arms, or to help restore peace when conflict does break out. Over the decades, the United Nations has helped to end numerous conflicts, often through actions of the Security Council — the primary organ for dealing with issues of international peace and security. The Security Council, the General Assembly and the Secretary-General all play major, complementary roles in fostering peace and security. United Nations activities cover the areas of prevention and peacemaking, peacekeeping, peace-building and disarmament. Civil conflicts During the 1990s, there have been major changes in the patterns of conflict with more than 90 per cent of conflicts taking place within, rather than between, states. The United Nations has therefore reshaped and enhanced the range of instruments at its command, emphasizing conflict prevention, continually adapting peacekeeping operations, involving regional organizations, and strengthening post-conflict peace-building. To deal with civil conflicts, the Security Council has authorized complex and innovative peacekeeping operations. In El Salvador and Guatemala, in Cambodia and in Mozambique, the UN played a major role in ending war and fostering reconciliation. Other conflicts, however — in Somalia, Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia — often characterized by ethnic violence, brought new challenges to the UN peacemaking role. Confronted with the problems encountered, the Security Council did not establish any operation from 1995 to 1997. But the essential role of peacekeeping has once more been dramatically reaffirmed. Continuing crises in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, East Timor, Kosovo, Sierra Leone, and Ethiopia-Eritrea led the Council to establish six new missions in 1998-2000. Peace-building The experience of recent years has also led the United Nations to focus as never before on peace- building — action to support structures that will strengthen and consolidate peace. Experience has shown that keeping peace, in the sense of avoiding military conflict, is not sufficient for establishing a secure and lasting peace. Such security can only be achieved by helping countries to foster economic development, social justice, human rights protection, good governance and the democratic process. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Although most people associate the United Nations with the issues of peace and security, the vast majority of its resources are devoted to economic development, social development and sustainable development. United Nations development efforts have profoundly affected the lives and well-being of millions of people throughout the world. Guiding the United Nations work is the conviction that lasting international peace and security are possible only if the economic and social well-being of people everywhere is assured. Many of the economic and social transformations that have taken place globally in the last five decades have been significantly affected in their direction and shape by the work of the United Nations. As the global centre for consensus-building, the United Nations has set priorities and goals for international cooperation to assist countries in their development efforts and to foster a supportive global economic environment. Common interests International debate on economic and social issues has increasingly reflected the common interest of rich and poor countries in solving the many problems that transcend national boundaries. Issues such as the environment, refugees, organized crime, drug trafficking and AIDS are seen as global problems requiring coordinated action. The impact of poverty and unemployment in one region can be quickly felt in others, not least through migration, social disruption and conflict. Similarly, in the age of a global economy, financial instability in one country is immediately felt in the markets of others. Coordinating development activities The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is the principal body coordinating the economic and social work of the United Nations. It is serviced by the Department for Economic and Social Affairs. The entire family of United Nations organizations works for economic, social and sustainable development. HUMAN RIGHTS Virtually every United Nations body and specialized agency is involved to some degree in the protection of human rights. One of the great achievements of the United Nations is the creation of a comprehensive body of human rights law, which, for the first time in history, provides us with a universal and internationally protected code of human rights, one to which all nations can subscribe and to which all people can aspire. Not only has the United Nations painstakingly defined a broad range of internationally accepted rights; it has also established mechanisms with which to promote and protect these rights and to assist governments in carrying out their responsibilities. Human rights law The foundations of this body of law are the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the General Assembly in 1948. Since then, the United Nations has gradually expanded human rights law to encompass specific standards for women, children, disabled persons, minorities, migrant workers and other vulnerable groups, who now possess rights that protect them from discriminatory practices that had long been common in many societies. Rights have been extended through groundbreaking General Assembly decisions that have gradually established their universality, indivisibility and interrelatedness with development and democracy. Human rights action Education campaigns have tirelessly informed the world’s public of their inalienable rights, while numerous national judicial and penal systems have been enhanced with United Nations training programmes and technical advice. The United Nations machinery to monitor compliance with human rights covenants has acquired a remarkable cohesiveness and weight. The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights works to strengthen and coordinate United Nations work for the protection and promotion of all human rights of all persons around the world. The Secretary-General has made human rights the central theme that unifies the Organization’s work. DECOLONIZATION More than 80 nations whose peoples were under colonial rule have joined the United Nations as sovereign independent states since the UN was founded in 1945. Many other Territories have achieved self-determination through political association with other independent states or through integration with other states. The United Nations has played a crucial role in that historic change by encouraging the aspirations of dependent peoples and by setting goals and standards to accelerate their attainment of independence. The Organization has also supervised elections leading to independence — in Togoland (1956 and 1968), Western Samoa (1961), Namibia (1989) and most recently a popular consultation in East Timor (1999). Self-determination and independence The decolonization efforts of the United Nations derive from the Charter principle of ―equal rights and self-determination of peoples‖, as well as from three specific chapters in the Charter devoted to the interests of dependent peoples. Since 1960, the United Nations has also been guided by the General Assembly’s Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, by which Member States proclaimed the necessity of bringing colonialism to a speedy end. The Organization has also been guided by General Assembly resolution 1541 (XV) of 1960, which defined the three options offering full self-government for Non-Self-Governing Territories.

Abdul Ghaffar Khan He was known as the 'Frontier Gandhi'. He was a nationalist Muslim leader of the North-West Frontier Province. He first started a militant organisation known as the 'Red Shirt', and later on joined the non-violent Civil Disobedience Movement started by Mahatma Gandhi.

Acharya

Saintly personality; had devoted his life to social welfare; founder of the Bhoodan movement.

Amir Khusrau Assumed 'Parrot of India', was a famous poet and author who wrote in poetry and prose and also composed music. He enjoyed the patronage of successive Sultans of Delhi from Balban to Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq. He died in 1324-25. His works include Tughluqnamah and the Tarikh-i-Alai.

Anand Mohan Bose He was a prominent Indian public man in his times. He was the first Indian to be a Wrangler of Cambridge University in 1873. He was the founder-secretary of the Indian Association which was established in Calcutta in 1876, and presided over the 14th session of the held in Ma

Ashutosh Mukherjee

He was an eminent lawyer and educationist. He was certainly a maker of modern Bengal, if not of India, by virtue of his eminent services to the cause of education. At the early age of 25 he became a member of the Senate of the Calcutta University of which he became the vice-chancellor.

Aurobindo Ghosh An ardent nationalist who later became a saint, was educated in England. His views were readily accepted by Lala Lajpat Rai of Punjab and Bal Gangadhar Tilak of Maharashtra and led to the formation of an extremist school within the Congress.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak Patriot and statesman, known as Lokmanya. He organised Extremist Party within the Congress with Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pai. Britishers called him "Father of Indian Unrest". He gave the clarion call "Swaraj is my birth right". Tilak was the founder-editor of Mahratta (English) and Kesar

Bhagat Singh Known as Shahid-e-Azam. Founded Naujawan Bharat Sabha. Exploded bomb in Central Legislative Assembly at on April 8, 1929. He was arrested and sentenced for life. He along with Sukh Dev and Shivram Rajguru, was hanged on March 23, 1931 for participating in Lahore conspiracy.

Chakravarti Rajagopalachari A prominent Indian politician, born in South India in 1879. He was the General Secretary of the Indian National Congress in 1921-22 and was a member of the Congress Working Commitee. Rajagopalachari was the Chief Minister of Madras from 1937-39.

Dadabhai Naoro Ji He was elected president of the Indian National Congress at its second session held in Calcutta in 1886. He was the first Indian to be elected a member of the House of Commons in England on a ticket of Liberal Party. Twice again, in 1893 and in 1906, he was elected president of the INC.

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar A prominent leader of the Scheduled Castes. Built up a party of the untouchables, became a member of the Constitutent Assembly and piloted through it the Indian Constitution Act which declared India to be Republic. He also piloted Code through the Indian Legislature.

Dr. Rajendra Prasad

He was the first President of the Republic of India. Born in Bihar in 1884, educated at the Calcutta Universty, he began his career as an advocate and soon commanded a very large practice at Patna High Court. Prasad became the president of Congress in 1934, 1939 and 1947; a minister in Nehru's cabin

Gopal Krishna Gokhale He was a prominent Indian nationalist, and presided over the 1905 session of the Indian National Congress. In 1905 he founded at Poona the Servants of India Society. He died in 1915. He is considered as the 'Political Guru' of Gandhiji.

Govinda Ballabh Pant The celebrated grammarian, was the author of Ashtadhyayi. He was one of the leading members and leaders of the Indian National Congress. He became the Chief Minister in his native province of Uttar Pradesh after independence.

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

Social reformer and educationist from Bengal and a pioneer in the field of primary education and widow re-marriage.

Jamshedji Tata

Parsi industrialist and philanthropist. Father of Indian industry, founded Tata, Iron and Steel Company in Bihar.

Lal Bahadur Shastri

Prime Minister of India from May, 1964 to his death on 11 January, 1966. He was conferred Bharat Ratna posthumously. He was a martyr for the cause of peace between India and Pakistan at Tashkent.

Lala Lajpat Rai Indian national leader known as "Lion of Punjab". Founder editor of Bande Mataram, The Punjabeeand The People. Died of injuries caused by police lathi- charge while leading a demonstration against at Lahore in 1928. Author of Young India, The and England's Debt to India.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

Better known as Mahatma Gandhi, was born on October 2, 1869 at Porbandar in Gujarat. Became a barrister-at-law (1891) in England. Went to South Africa in 1893. Stayed there till 1914 for the cause of the emancipation of the Indians from the insulting life.

Mrs. Vijayalakshmi Pandit Born in 1900, was a talented daughter of Pandit Motilal Nehru. She held many high offices after Indian independence including the post of India's High Commissioner in England (1955-61) and India's Ambassador to the U. S. S. R. as well as to the U. S. A.

Mrs. Annie Besant English theosophist, bom in London in October 1847. She founded the Central Hindu College at Banaras and was elected president of the Theosophical Society in 1907. In 1916 she founded the Indian Home Rule League and became its first president and in 1917.

Mrs. Sarojini Naldu The most talented Indian lady, born of Bengali parents, was a poet and orator who took a prominent part in Indian politics. She presided over the Kanpur session of the Indian National Congress in 1925 and was the first lady to be appointed a state Governor in the Republic of India.

Netaji Subhash Bose Popularly known as Netaji, was born on January 23, 1879, at Cuttack. He passed the Indian Civil Service Examination in 1920. He joined the Indian National Congress in 1921. In 1938 he was the president of the INC at its Haripura session and in 1939 he was elected president of its Tripuri session.

Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru He was the first Prime Minister of Independent India and is known as the architect of modem India. He was born in Allahabad on Novemeber 14,1889. In 1928 be became the General Secretary of the Indian National Congress and in 1929 its President. At the Lahore session under his Presidentship was pass

Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya A leading nationalist leader, prominent educationist and social reformer. Later on joined the second session of the Indian National Congress held in 1886 and twice became its President in 1909 and 1918. His greatest achievement was the foundation in 1915 in Benaras of the Hindu University.

Pandit Motilal Nehru

A renowned Indian patriot, was born on 6th May, 1861 in Delhi. He began his career as a lawyer at the Allahabad High Court, joined the Indian National Movement and started a journal named The Independent' to support the cause of . Along with C. R. Das he formed the Swarajist Party

Rabindranath Tagore Poet, novelist, patriot, educationist, essayist, painter and philosopher. He founded Shantiniketan (now Viswabharati University) in West Bengal. The first Asian to receive Nobel Prize in Literature (for Gitanjali in 1913), writer of National Anthems of India and Bangladesh.

Ram Manohar Lohla

A social and political revolutionary, he founded the'Samajwadi Party' after difference of opinion with the Congress.

Ramakrishna Paramhansa

He was a very great spiritual teacher of the Hindus in modern times. His two- noteworthy disciples were Keshavchandra Sen and Swami Vivekanand.

Rasbehari Ghosh

He was elected president of the Surat session of the Indian National Congress in 1907 in which the Moderates and Extremists came to a serious clash. Next year he presided over the Madras session of the INC.

Sardar A renowned Indian patriot and politician, was born on the 31st, October, 1875 in Gujarat and began his career as a lawyer. He took a leading part in the Bardoli movement. In 1931 he became the president of the Congress. He joined the "interim Government" set up in 1946 as the Home

Ministe

Sarvapalli Radha Krishan

The second President of the Republic of India. Radha Krishnan was appointed as India's ambassador to the USSR in 1949. In 1962 he became the President of India. His birthday, Sept 5, is celebrated as Teacher's Day.'

Shaukat Ali

A prominent leader and politician amongst the Indian Muhammadans. He along with his brother All, led the in 1919-20. He also joined the Indian National Congress and the non-co-operation movement.

Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan He was a prominent leader of the Indian Muhammadans. Remained loyal to the British during the Sepoy Mutiny (1857-58), founded the Muhammadan Anglo- Oriental College at Aligarh in 1875. In 1920 the college was raised to the status of University and called the Aligarh Muslim University.

Sister Nivedita

A famous disciple of Swami Vivekananda, was an Irish lady named Miss Margaret Nobel.

Swami Vivekananda Disciple of Rama Krishna Paramahansa, and founder of Ramakrishna Mission at Belur. He championed the supremacy of Vedantic philosophy and his talk at the Chicago conference of world religions in 1893 made westerners realise the greatness of for the first time.

V. D. C Savarkar He founded Mitra Mandal aimed at achieving freedom by armed rebellion, founded Abhinav Bharat, started Free Indian Society in England (London). Savarkar was arrested in Nasik conspiracy case and sentenced to transportation for life and freed in 1937. He authored Indian War of Independence.

Wumesh Chandra Banerjee

The first president of the Indian National Congress held at Bombay in 1885. He was made Congress President a second time at its Allahabad session in 1892.

Zakir Hussain

Proposed Wardha Scheme of education, formerly Vice-Chancellor of Jamia Millia. He was elected as President of India in 1967.

Election Comission in India - Chief Election Commisioners of India

An independent Election Commission has been established under the Constitution in order to carry out and regulate the holding of elections in India.

The Election Commission was established in accordance with the Constitution on 25th January 1950. Originally a Chief Election Commissioner ran the commission, but first in 1989 and later again in 1993 two additional Election Commissioners were appointed.The Election Commission is responsible for the conduct of elections to parliament and state legislatures and to the offices of the President and Vice-President.

The Election Commission prepares, maintains and periodically updates the Electoral Roll, which shows who is entitled to vote, supervises the nomination of candidates, registers political parties, monitors the election campaign, including candidates’ funding. It also facilitates the coverage of the election process by the media, organises the polling booths where voting takes place, and looks after the counting of votes and the declaration of results. All this is done to ensure that elections can take place in an orderly and fair manner.

At present, there are two Election Commissioners appointed by the President. Chief Election Commissioner can be removed from office only by parliamentary impeachment. The Commission decides most matters by consensus but in case of any dissension, the majority view prevails.

CHIEF ELECTION COMMISSIONERS OF INDIA 21 March 1950-19 December 1958 K.V.K. 20 December 1958-30 September 1967 Sundaram S.P. Sen Verma 1 October 1967-30 September 1972 Dr 1 October 1972-6 February 1973 Singh T. Swaminathan 7 February 1973-17 June 1977 S.L. Shakdhar 18 June 1977-17 June 1982 R.K. Trivedi 18 June 1982-31 December 1985 R.V.S. Peri 1 January 1986-25 November 1990 Sastri Smt V.S. Rama 26 November 1990-11 December 1990 Devi T.N. Seshan 12 December 1990-11 December 1996 M.S. Gill 12 December 1996-13 June 2001 J.M. Lyngdoh 14 June 2001-7 February 2004 T.S. Krishna 8 February 2004-15 May 2005 Murthy B.B. Tandon 16 May 2005-07 February 2006 N. 8 February 2006 - 30 April 2009 Gopalaswamy 2 May 2009 - 30th July 2010 Dr. S. Y. 30th July 2010 - 10th June 2012 Quraishi VS Sampath 10th June 2012

President of India The president of India is the executive head of State and First Citizen of India. The executive powers vested in the President are to be exercised on the advice of the council of Ministers responsible to the parliament. The 42nd amendment to the Constitution has made it obligatory on the part of the President to accept the advice of the Council of Ministers.

Election Process

The president of India indirectly elected through "Electoral College" consisting of Elected members of both the Houses of Parliament & elected members of the Legisletive Assemblies of the states. According to the 70th Amendment Act, 1992, the expression "States" inckudes the National Capital Territory of Delhi and the Union Territory of . The total voting strength of the parliament is equal to the total voting strength of all state asemblies together. The Supreme Court of India inquires all disputes regarding President's election. After electing the president takes OATH in presence of Chief Justice of India, or in absence of Chief Justice, senior most judge of SC.

In case the office falls vacant due to the death, resignation or removal, the Vice-President acts as President. If he is not available then Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, if not then senior most judge of the Supreme Court shall act as the Persident of India. The election is to be held within 6 month of the vacancy.

In Presidential elections history V. V. Giri is the only person who won the election as an independent candidate in 1969. And Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy was elected unopposed as no one else filed nomination for the post of the President in 1977.

Elegibility to Contest Election for the President

 He/She must be a citizen of India.  Completed 35 yrs of age  Eligible to be a member of Lok Sabha  Must not hold any Govt. Post. except (President, Vice-President, Govornor of any State, Minister of Union or State)

Working Terms

An elected president is elegible to hold his/her office for the 5yrs term. And as per the Article 57 there is no upper limit on the no. of times a person can become President. He/She can give resigation to Vice President before his/her full term.

Impeachment (Article 61)

The President can be impeached only on the ground of violation of Constitution (This impeachment procedure called Quasi-judicial procedure). The impeachment procedure can be initiated in either House of the Parliament. The charge must come in the form of a proposal which must be signed at least one-fourth of the total membership of that house. Before the resolution could be passed, a fourteen days notice must be given to the President. If after the notice, the House passes the resolution by a majority of not less than two-third membership of that House, the matter will be referred to the other House. After the charges are framed by one house, the other House investigates them. At this time President has the right to defend himself either in person or through his lawyer. If after the investigation, the other house passes the resolution by not less than two-third majority of that House, the President stands impeached from his office from the date on which the motion is so passed.

Powers of President Executive Power

 Appoints PM, ministers, Chief Justice and judges of Supreme Court and High Courts, chairman and members of UPSC, Comptroller and Auditor General, Attorney General, Chief Election Comissioner and other members of Election Commission, Governors, Members of Finance Commission, Ambassadors etc.  He/ She directly administers the Union Territories through the Lt. Governor, Commissioner or Administrator.

Judicial Power

 The President's pardoninf power comprises a group of analogous powers like pardon, reprieve, remission, respite and communication.  Appoint the Chief Justice and judges of Supreme Court and High Court

Diplomatic Power

 Represents country in international forums.  Sends ambassadors and receives diplomats.  International treaties and agreements are concluded on his behalf.

Financial Power  All money bills can originate in Parliament only on recommendadation of President.  No demand for a grant can be made except on his recommendation.  He/She can make advances out of the Contingency Fund of India to meet any unforseen expenditure.  Appoints Finance Commission (after every 5yrs) that recommends distribution of taxes between Union and State Govts.

Military Power

 He is the Supreme Commander of the Defense Forces in India.  Appoints Chiefs of Army, Navy and Air Force.  Declares wars and concludes peace subject to the approval of the Parliament.

Emergency Power

 The President can promulgate 3 types of Emergencies: (i)National Emergency (Article 352), (ii)State Emergency (President Rule Article 356), (iii)Financial Emergency

Legislative Powers

 Addresses the first session after general elections and at the commencement of the first session of each year.  Can send messages to both the Houses, whether with respect to a Bill pending in the Parliament or otherwise.  Can summon and prorogue the sessions of the 2 houses & can dissolve Lok Sabha..  Can address both the houses jointly or separately.  He/She can appoint any member of the Lok Sabha to preside over its procedings when both the offices of Speaker and the Deputy Speaker fall vacant simultaneously.  Nominate 12 members of Rajya Sabha.  Nominates 2 members of Anglo-Indian community in Lok Sabha if they haven't recieved adequate representation.  Can enact laws through ordinance when the parliament is in recess (Article 123). These ordinances must be passed by parliament within 6 weeks of reassembly.  His/Her prior recommendation or permission is needed to introduce certain types of Bills boundaries of a State, a Money Bill etc.

Shri Pranab Mukherjee (25 July 2012 - till date) Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil (25 July 2007 - 24th July 2012) DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (25 July 2002 TO 25 July 2007) Shri K. R. Narayanan (25 July 1997 TO 25 July 2002) Dr. (25 July 1992 TO 25 July 1997) Shri R Venkataraman (25 July 1987 TO 25 July 1992) Giani Zail Singh (25 July 1982 TO 25 July 1987) Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (25 July 1977 TO 25 July 1982) Dr. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (24 August 1974 TO 11 February 1977) Shri Varahagiri Venkata Giri (3 May 1969 TO 20 July 1969 and 24 August 1969 TO 24 August 1974) Dr. Zakir Husain (13 May 1967 TO 3 May 1969) Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan (13 May 1962 TO 13 May 1967) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (26 January 1950 TO 13 May 1962)

Powers of Prime Minister

 Appoints the Council of Ministers.  Allocates portfolios. Can ask a minister to resign and can get him dismissed by President.  Assist the President in appointment of all high officials.  Can recommend to the President to declare emergency on grounds of war, external aggression or armed rebellion.  Advises President about President's rule in the State or emergency due to financial instability.  The President convenes and prorogues all sessions of Parliamenr in consultation with him/her.  Can recommend the dissolution of Lok Sabha before expire.  Leader of the House

Dr. Manmohan Singh (May 22, 2004 - till date) - Party (INC) Atal Bihari Vajpayee (May 16, 1996 - June 1, 1996 and March 19, 1998 - May 22, 2004) - Party (BJP) Shri Inder Kumar Gujral (April 21, 1997 - March 19, 1998) - Party (Janta Dal) Shri H. D. Deve Gowda (June 1, 1996 - April 21, 1997) - Party (Janta Dal) P. V. Narasimha Rao (June 21, 1991- May 16, 1996) - Party (Congress[I]) Shri Chandra Shekhar (November 10, 1990 - June 21, 1991) Party (Janta Dal[S]) Shri V. P. Singh (December 2, 1989 - November 10, 1990) - Party(Janta Dal) Mr. Rajiv Gandhi (October 31, 1984 - December 2, 1989) - Party (Congress[I])

Introduction to Indian Constitution

The Constitution of India is the world's lengthiest written constitution with 395 articles and 8 schedules. It contains the good points taken from the constitution's of many countries in the world. It was passed on 26 Nov 1949 by the 'The Constituent Assembly' and is fully applicable since 26 Jan 1950. The Constituent Assembly had been elected for undivided India and held its first sitting on 9th Dec.1946, re-assembled on the 14th August 1947, as The Sovereign Constituent Assembly for the dominion of India. In regard to its composition the members were elected by indirect election by the members of The Provisional Legislative Assemblies (lower house only). At the time of signing 284 out of 299 members of the Assembly were present. The constitution of India draws extensively from Western legal traditions in its outline of the principles of liberal democracy. It follows a British parliamentary pattern with a lower and upper house. It embodies some Fundamental Rights which are similar to the Bill of Rights declared by the United States constitution. It also borrows the concept of a Supreme Court from the US.

India is a federal system in which residual powers of legislation remain with the central government, similar to that in Canada. The constitution provides detailed lists dividing up powers between central and state governments as in Australia, and it elaborates a set of Directive Principles of State Policy as does the Irish constitution.

The constitution has provision for Schedules to be added to the constitution by amendment. The ten schedules in force cover the designations of the states and union territories; the emoluments for high-level officials; forms of oaths; allocation of the number of seats in the Rajya Sabha. A review of the constitution needs at least two-thirds of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha to pass it.

The Indian constitution is one of the most frequently amended constitutions in the world. Infact the first amendment to it was passed after only a year of the adoption of the constitution and instituted numerous minor changes. Many more amendments followed, a rate of almost two amendments per year since 1950. Most of the constitution can be amended after a quorum of more than half of the members of each house in Parliament passes an amendment with a two- thirds majority vote. Articles pertaining to the distribution of legislative authority between the central and state governments must also be approved by 50 percent of the state legislatures.

Preamble of The Constitution

We, The people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:

JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do hereby Adopt, Enact and give ourselves this Constitution.

Minerals and their Significance to a Human Body

Effects of Mineral Elements Sources Significance deficiency. Macro Elements Calcium(Ca) Milk, cereals, Required for formation of Weak theeth and Cheese, Green teeth and Bones, blood bones; retarded Vegetables. clotting, function of nerves body growth. and muscles Phosphorus(P) Weak theeth and bones; retarded body growth and physiology. Sulphur(S) Many protiens of Component of many amino Distributed protein food. acids. metabolism. Pottassium(K) Meat, milk, cereals, Required for acid-base Low blood pressure, fruits and balance, water regulation nad weak muscles; risk vegetables. function of nerevs.. of paralysis.. Chlorine(Cl) Table salt Required for acid base Loss of appetite; balance; component of gastric muscles cramps juice. Magnesium(Mg) Cereals, green Cofactor of many enzymes of Irregularties of vegetables. glycolysis anda number of metabolism another metabolic reactions principally affecting dependent upon ATP nervous functions. Iron(Fe) Meat, eggs, cereals, Component of haemoglobin Anaemia, weakness green vegetables. and cytochromes. and weak immunity. Iodine(I) Milk, cheese, sea important component of Goitre, Cretinism food, iodized salt thyroxine hormone Micro Elements Fluorine(F) Drinking water, tea, Maintence of bones and teeth. Weak theeth, larger sea food amount causes motting of teeth. Zinc(Zn) Cereals, Milk, eggs, Cofactor of digestive and Retarded growth, meat, sea food many other enzymes anaemia, rough skin, weak immunity and fertility Copper(Cu) Meat, dry fruits, Cofactor of cytochrome Anaemia, weak pods, green oxidase enzyme. Necessary blood vessels and vegetables, sea food for iron metabolism and connective tissues development of blood vessels and connective tissues Manganese(MN) Dry fruits, cereals, Cofactor of some enzymes of Irregular growth of tea fruits and green urea synthesis and transfer of bones, cartilages vegetables phosphate group and connective tissues Cobalt(Co) MIlk, cheese, meat Important component of Anaemia vitamin B12 Selenium(SE) Meat, cereals, sea Cofactor of many enzymes; Muscular pain; food assists vitamin E weakness of cardiac muscles Chromium(CR) Yeast, sea food, Important for catabolic Irregularities of meat, some metabolism catabolic vegetables meatbolism and ATP production Molybdenum(MO) Cereals, pods, some Cofactor of some enzymes Irregular excreation vegetables of nitrogenous waste products Vitamin Chemical Name Properties Deficiency disease A Retinol General health giving Night blindness vitamin, can be stored liver B1 Thiamine For Growth, carbohydrate Beri-Beri metabolism, functioning of heart B2 Riboflavin For Keeping skin and mouth Cheilosis healthy B5 Niacin For healthy skin, sound Pellagra mental health B6 Pyridoxine Processing of proteins and for Convulsions in child nervous system B12 Cynacobalamin Required for formation and Pernicious anaemia maturation of RBCs C Ascorbic Acid For keeping teeth, gums and Scurvy joints healthy. Gets destroyed on heating D Calciferol For normal bones and teeth, Rickets can be stored in liver E Tocopherol For normal reproduction, Sterility removes scars and wrincles K Phylloquinone For normal clotting of blood Haemophilia

HISTORICAL EVENTS B.C

2500- Indus valley civilization. 1800 599 Birth of Mahavir; Nirvana in 523. B.C. 563 Birth of Gautam Buddha; Nirvana in 483 B.C. 327- Alexander's invasion of India and the opening of land route between India and Europe. 26 269- Ashoka's reign. 232 261 Battle of Kalinga. 57 Beginning of Vikrama era. 30 Satvahana dynasty in Deooan. Pandyan empire in for south. 326 Alexander defeated Poras in the Battle of Hydaspas 261 Ashoka defeated Kalinga in the Kalinga War

A.D

78 Beginning of Saka era. 320 Beginning of Gupta era. 360 Samudragupta conquers the whole of N. India and much of the Deccan. 380- Rule of Chandragupta Vikramaditya, age of Kalidasa, renewal of induism. 413 606- Rule of Harshavardhana. 647 629- Hieun Tsang's visit in India. 645 622 Beginning of Hijra era. 712 Arab invasion of Sind by Mohd. bin Qasim. 1001- Repeated attacks of Mehmud Ghazni. 27 1025 Sacking of Somnath temple by Mehmud. 1191 First battle of Tarain in which Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Mohd. Ghori. 1192 Second battle of Tarain in which Mohd. Ghori defeated Prithviraj Chauhan. 1206 Qutubuddin Aibak founded the Ilbari/Slave dynasty. 1290 Jalaluddin Firuz Khilji established Khilji dynasty. 1290 Marco Polo visited India. 1320 Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq founded the Tughlaq dynasty. 1333 Ibn Batuta arrived in India. 1336 Harihara and Bukka founded the Vijaynagar empire. 1347 Bahmani kingdom founded. 1398 Timur invades India. 1451 Lodi dynasty comes in power in Delhi Sultanate. 1469 Birth of Guru Nanak Dev. 1498 Vasco da Gama lands at Calicut. 1510 Portuguese capture Goa-Albuquerque Governor. 1526 First Battle of Panipat in which Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodhi and established the Mughal dynasty. 1556 Second battle of Panipat in which Akbar defeated Hemu. 1565 Battle of Talikota in which Vijaynagar empire is defeated. 1571 Foundation of Fatehpur Sikri by Akbar. 1576 Battle of Haldighati in which Akbar defeated Maharana Pratap. 1582 Akbar started Din-i-llahi. 1600 English established. 1604 Compilation of Adi Granth. 1605 Death of Akbar. 1611 The English built a factory at Masulipatnam. 1627 Birth of Shivaji 1631 Death of Shah Jahan's wife Mumtaz Mahal. The building of Taj Mahal. 1658 Aurangzeb became Emperor of Delhi. 1666 Birth of Guru Gobind Singh. 1699 Guru Gobind Singh creates 'Khalsa'. 1707 Death of Aurangzeb, fall of Mughal empire begins. 1739 Nadir Shah invaded India; the peacock throne and the Kohinoor Diamond taken away from India. 1757 in which the English defeated Siraj-ud- daula, Nawab of Bengal. 1760 Battle of Wandiwash, end of French power in India, 1761 Third Battle of Panipat in which Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas. 1764 in which the English defeated the triple alliance of Nawab of Bengal, Nawab Shuja-ud-daula of Awadh and Mughal emperor Shah Alam. 1793 Permanent settlement in Bengal. 1799 Fourth Anglo Mysore War, death of Tipu Sultan, Ranjit Singh occupied Lahore and made it his capital. 1817- Marathas finally crushed. 19 1828 Lord William Bentick becomes Governor General; Era of social reforms; Prohibition of Sati (1829), Suppression of thugs (1830). 1835 Introduction of English as medium of instruction. HISTORICAL EVENTS A.D

1853 First Indian railway from Bombay to Thane. 1857- First war of Indian Independence. 58 1858 British crown takes over the Indian Government; End of East India Company's rule. 1861 Birth of Rabindra Nath Tagore. 1869 Birth of M.K. Gandhi. 1885 Formation of Indian National Congress. 1905 Partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon. 1906 Formation of All India Muslim League. 1909 Minto-Morley Reforms. 1911 Delhi durbar held, partition of Bengal cancelled, capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi. 1914 World War I started. 1918 End of World War I. 1919 , Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Montague- Chelmsford reforms. 1920 Non-cooperation Movement launched, 1921 Moplah rebellian in Malabar; visit of Prince of Wales. 1922 Chauri-Chaura incidence. 1923 formed. 1927 Simon Commission appointed. 1928 Visit of Simon Commission to India, death of Lala Lajpat Rai. 1929 Congress demanded'Poorna Swaraj'in Lahore session. 1930 January 26 celebrated as Independence Day throughout India, Dandi Salt Satyagraha, First Round Table conference. 1931 Gandhi-lrvin Pact, Second Round Table Conference. 1932 Suppression of Congress Movement, Third Round Table Conference, Communal Award, Poona Pact. 1935 Government of India Act. 1937 Inauguration of Provincial Autonomy. Congress ministries formed in 8 out of 11 provinces. 1939 Resignation of Congress ministries, beginning of World War II. 1942 Plan, Quit India Movement, Formation of Indian National Army by S.C. Bose. 1945 held and the failure of Wavell Plan, INA trials at Red Fort, Delhi. 1946 Cabinet Mission Plan, Formation of Interim Government, Direct Action Resolution by Muslim League. 1947 Mountbatten Plan of June 3 in which resolution is proposed, India divided, Pakistan created, both achieve independence, Jawarhar Lai Nehru becomes the I Prime Minister of India. 1948 Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi (Jan. 30). 1950 India became republic (Jan. 26). 1951 First Five Year Plan implemented. 1952 First General Elections held. 1953 and Sir conquer Mt. Everest (May 29). 1954 Panchsheel agreement between India and China. 1956 Life insurance nationalized, State Reorganising Act comes into force. 1957 Second General Elections. 1958 Metric system of weights and measures introduced. 1959 Dalai Lama exiled; enters India. 1961 Liberation of Goa. 1962 Chinese attack on India. (Oct 20). 1964 Jawaharlal Nehru dies; Lai Bahadur Shastri becomes PM. 1965 Indo-Pak war. 1966 Tashkent Agreement reached, Death of Lai Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi became PM. 1967 Dr. elected President. 1968 Hargovind Khurana shares the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology. 1969 Death of. President Zakir Hussain (May 3). V. V. Giri elected President, Nationalization of 14 leading banks, Split in Indian National Congress. 1970 Former Indian ruler's privy purses abolished. Dr. C. V. Raman died (Nov. 2). 1971 Indo-Pak War over Bangladesh. 1972 Shimla Agreement signed. 1973 Manekshaw named India's first Field Marshal 1974 Nuclear explosion at Pokhran (May 18). 1975 Indian satellite 'Aryabhatta' launched, National emergency declared. 1976 The four Indian News agencies merged into a single News Agency known as 'Samachar', life of Lok Sabha extended by an year. 1977 Defeat of Mrs. Indira Gandhi in the election, takes over as PM, emergency withdrawn. 1978 India launches world's biggest adult literacy plan (Oct. 2). 1979 Charan Singh became PM., won the Nobel Peace Prize. 1980 Indira Gandhi returns to power at centre, India launches first satellite using its own satellite launching vehicle (July. 18). HISTORICAL EVENTS A.D

1853 First Indian railway from Bombay to Thane. 1857- First war of Indian Independence. 58 1858 British crown takes over the Indian Government; End of East India Company's rule. 1861 Birth of Rabindra Nath Tagore. 1869 Birth of M.K. Gandhi. 1885 Formation of Indian National Congress. 1905 Partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon. 1906 Formation of All India Muslim League. 1909 Minto-Morley Reforms. 1911 Delhi durbar held, partition of Bengal cancelled, capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi. 1914 World War I started. 1918 End of World War I. 1919 Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Montague- Chelmsford reforms. 1920 Non-cooperation Movement launched, 1921 Moplah rebellian in Malabar; visit of Prince of Wales. 1922 Chauri-Chaura incidence. 1923 Swaraj party formed. 1927 Simon Commission appointed. 1928 Visit of Simon Commission to India, death of Lala Lajpat Rai. 1929 Congress demanded'Poorna Swaraj'in Lahore session. 1930 January 26 celebrated as Independence Day throughout India, Dandi Salt Satyagraha, First Round Table conference. 1931 Gandhi-lrvin Pact, Second Round Table Conference. 1932 Suppression of Congress Movement, Third Round Table Conference, Communal Award, Poona Pact. 1935 Government of India Act. 1937 Inauguration of Provincial Autonomy. Congress ministries formed in 8 out of 11 provinces. 1939 Resignation of Congress ministries, beginning of World War II. 1942 Cripps Mission Plan, Quit India Movement, Formation of Indian National Army by S.C. Bose. 1945 Simla conference held and the failure of Wavell Plan, INA trials at Red Fort, Delhi. 1946 Cabinet Mission Plan, Formation of Interim Government, Direct Action Resolution by Muslim League. 1947 Mountbatten Plan of June 3 in which partition of India resolution is proposed, India divided, Pakistan created, both achieve independence, Jawarhar Lai Nehru becomes the I Prime Minister of India. 1948 Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi (Jan. 30). 1950 India became republic (Jan. 26). 1951 First Five Year Plan implemented. 1952 First General Elections held. 1953 Tenzing Norgay and Sir Edmund Hillary conquer Mt. Everest (May 29). 1954 Panchsheel agreement between India and China. 1956 Life insurance nationalized, State Reorganising Act comes into force. 1957 Second General Elections. 1958 Metric system of weights and measures introduced. 1959 Dalai Lama exiled; enters India. 1961 Liberation of Goa. 1962 Chinese attack on India. (Oct 20). 1964 Jawaharlal Nehru dies; Lai Bahadur Shastri becomes PM. 1965 Indo-Pak war. 1966 Tashkent Agreement reached, Death of Lai Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi became PM. 1967 Dr. Zakir Hussain elected President. 1968 Hargovind Khurana shares the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology. 1969 Death of. President Zakir Hussain (May 3). V. V. Giri elected President, Nationalization of 14 leading banks, Split in Indian National Congress. 1970 Former Indian ruler's privy purses abolished. Dr. C. V. Raman died (Nov. 2). 1971 Indo-Pak War over Bangladesh. 1972 Shimla Agreement signed. 1973 Manekshaw named India's first Field Marshal 1974 Nuclear explosion at Pokhran (May 18). 1975 Indian satellite 'Aryabhatta' launched, National emergency declared. 1976 The four Indian News agencies merged into a single News Agency known as 'Samachar', life of Lok Sabha extended by an year. 1977 Defeat of Mrs. Indira Gandhi in the election, Morarji Desai takes over as PM, emergency withdrawn. 1978 India launches world's biggest adult literacy plan (Oct. 2). 1979 Charan Singh became PM., Mother Teresa won the Nobel Peace Prize. 1980 Indira Gandhi returns to power at centre, India launches first satellite using its own satellite launching vehicle (July. 18).

Nobel Prize Winner - 2012

Winner's Name Field Country Work Serge Haroche Physics France, For ground-breaking experimental methods that and David J. USA enable measuring and manipulation of individual Wineland quantum systems. Mo Yan Literature China Mo Yan "who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary". Robert J. Chemistry Both are For studies of G-protein-coupled receptors Lefkowitz and from USA Brian K. Kobilka Sir John B. Medicine UK, Japan For the discovery that mature cells can be Gurdon and reprogrammed to become pluripotent. Shinya Yamanaka Nobel Peace Peace Europe The Nobel Peace Prize 2012 was awarded to Prize 2012 European Union EU) "for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe". Alvin E. Roth Economics Both are For the theory of stable allocations and the practice of and Lloyd S. from USA market design. Shapley

Nobel Prize Winner - 2011

Winner's Field Country Work Name Saul Perlmutter Physics USA For the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Brian P. Australia Universe through observations of distant supernovae. Schmidt USA Adam G. Riess Dan Shechtman Chemistry Israel For the discovery of quasicrystals. Bruce A. Medicine USA For their discoveries concerning the activation of Beutler Luxembourg innate immunity" and the other half to Ralph M. Jules A. Canada Steinman "for his discovery of the dendritic cell and Hoffmann its role in adaptive immunity. Ralph M. Steinman Tomas Literature Sweden Because, through his condensed, translucent images, Tranströmer he gives us fresh access to reality. Thomas J. Economics USA For their empirical research on cause and effect in the Sargent USA macroeconomy. Christopher A. Sims Ellen Johnson Peace Liberia For their non-violent struggle for the safety of women Sirleaf Liberia and for women’s rights to full participation in peace- Leymah Yemen building work. Gbowee Tawakkul Karman

Nobel Prize Winner - 2010

Winner's Name Field Country Work Konstantin Physics Russia For groundbreaking experiments regarding the two- Novoselov dimensional material graphene. Andre Geim Liu Xiaobo Peace China The Nobel Peace Prize 2010 was awarded to Liu Xiaobo "for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China". Mario Vargas Literature Peru For his cartography of structures of power and his Llosa trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat. Robert G. Medicine UK For the development of in vitro fertilization. Edwards Richard F. Heck Chemistry USA For palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic Ei-ichi Negishi USA synthesis. Akira Suzuki Japan Peter A. Economics USA For their analysis of markets with search frictions. Diamond USA Dale T. UK Mortensen Christopher A. Pissarides

Nobel Prize Winner - 2009

Winner's Name Field Country Work Elizabeth Medicine USA For the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by Blackburn telomeres and the enzyme telomerase. Carol Greider Jack Szostak Charles K. Kao Physics USA For groundbreaking achievements concerning the Willard S. Boyle transmission of light in fibers for optical George E. Smith communication. And the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor. V. Ramakrishnan Chemistry UK For studies of the structure and function of the ribosome Thomas A. Steitz USA Ada E. Yonath Israel Barack Obama Peace USA For his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples. Herta Müller Literature Germany For the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed. Elinor Ostrom Economics USA For her analysis of economic governance, especially the Oliver E. commons. Williamson For his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm.

Classical Dances in India, Folk Dances in India, Tribal Dances in India

Classical Dances of India Dance State Bharat Tamil Nadu Natyam Bihu Assam Punjab Chhau Bihar, Orissa, W. Bengal and Jharkhand Garhwali Uttaranchal Gujarat Hattari Karnataka Kerala Kutchipudi Andhra Pradesh Khantumm Mizoram Karma Madhya Pradesh Laho Meghalaya Mohiniattam Kerala Mando Goa Manipuri Manipur Himachal Pradesh Nat-Natin Bihar Orissa Rauf Jammu & Kashmir Yakshagan Karnataka Folk Dances in India and Tribal Dances in India States Dances Kathakeertan, Lezin, Dandaniya, Tamasha, Gafa, Dahikala, Lovani, Mauni, Maharashtra Dasavtar. Karnataka Huttari, Suggi Kunitha, Yakashagana Kerala Kaikottikali, Kaliyattam, Tappatikkali Tamil Nadu Kolattam, Pinnal Kolattam, , Kavadi, Karagam Andhra Ghanta Mardala, Veedhi Natakam, Burrakatha Pradesh Orissa Ghumara Sanchar, Chadya Dandanata, Chhau West Bengal Kathi, Chhau, Baul, Kirtan, Jatra, Lama Assam Bihu, Khel Gopal, Rash Lila, Tabal Chongli, Canoe Punjab (women), Bhangra (men) J & K Rauf, Hikat Himachal Jhora, Jhali, Dangli, Mahasu, Jadda, Jhainta, Chharhi Pradesh Haryana Jhumar, Ras Leela, Phag dance, Daph, Dhamal, Loor, Gugga, Khoria, Gagor Gujarat Garba, Dandiya Rass, , Gomph Rajasthan Ginad, Chakri, Gangore, Terahtaal, Khayal, Jhulan Leela, Jhuma, Suisini Jata Jatin, Jadur, Chhau, Kathaputli, Bakho, Jhijhiya, Samochakwa, Karma, Bihar Jatra, Natna Uttar Pradesh Nautanki, Thora, Chappeli, , Kajri. Famous Dancer Bharatnatyam Bala Saraswati, C. V. Chandrasekhar, , , Padma Subramanyam, Rukmini Devi, Sanyukta Panigrahi, , Yamini Krishnamurti Kathak Bharti Gupta, Birju Maharaj, , Durga Das, , , Sambhu Maharaj, Josyula Seetharamaiah, Vempathi Chinna Sthyam Manipuri Guru Bipin Sinha, Jhaveri Sisters, Nayana Jhaveri, Nirmala Mehta, Savita Mehta Debaprasad Das, Dhirendra Nath Pattnaik, , Kelucharan Mahapatra, Priyambaba Mohanty, Sonal Mansingh Instrumentalists Sarod , Allaudin Khan, , Buddhadev Dasgupta, Bahadur Khan, Sharan Rani, Zarin S. Sharma Khan, , , Zakir Hussain Violin Baluswamy Dikshitar, Gajanan Rao Joshi, Lalgudi G. Jayaraman, M. S. Gopala krishnan, Mysore T. Chowdiah, T. N. Krishnan Shehnal Sitar , , , Hara Shankar Bhattacharya Flute Hari Prasad Chaurasia, Pannalal Ghose, T. R. Mahalingam Veena K. R. Kumaraswamy lyer, Doraiswami lyengar Vocalists Hindustani , Bheemsen Joshi, , Mukul Shivputra, Pandit , , Naina Devi, , Ustad Ghulam Mustafa Khan, , Krishna Hangal, V. Rajput, , Faiyyaz Khan, , , Ustad . Carnatic M. S. Subbalakshmi, Balamuralikrishna, Bombay Jaishree, H. K. Raghavendra, H. K. Venkataram, Sitarajam, Mani Krishnaswamy, Akhil Krishnan, M. L. Vasanthakumari, M. D. Ramanathan, G. N. Balasubramaniam Ustad , Ustad Mazhar Ali Khan, Ustad Zawad Ali Khan, Rita Ganguli, Poornima Chaudhary, Shanti Heerananda, Naina Devi Quwwali Ghulam Hasan Niyazi, Sultan Niyazi, Ghulam Farid Nizami, Chand Nizami, Iqbal Hussain Khan Bandanawaji, Aslam Sabari Ustad Rahim Fahimuddin Dagar, Zahiruddin Dagar, Waslfuddin Dagar, Bundecha Bandhu, Uday Bhawalkar, Pt. Abhay Narayan Mallick, Pt. Ritwik Sanyal