DOCSLIB.ORG

Phylogeny of the Polygalaceae and a Revision of Badiera

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

PHYLOGENY OF THE POLYGALACEAE AND A REVISION OF BADIERA By J. RICHARD ABBOTT A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2009 1 © 2009 J. Richard Abbott 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank Ralph Thompson (Berea College) for his assistance, support, training, and mentorship as I first fell in love with botany. I thank Walter Judd for picking up where Ralph left off, guiding me through graduate school. Countless other University of Florida faculty, staff, and other students provided assistance over the years, notably: Norris Williams, Mark Whitten, Kent Perkins, Trudy Lindler, Kaoru Kitajima, Jon Reiskind, Kurt Neubig (to whom Figure 4-33D is dedicated), and Mario Blanco. The Electron Microscopy Core Laboratory at the University of Florida (especially Karen L. Kelley and Kim Backer) was essential for scanning electron microscopy work. I am also grateful for the assistance of Dan Skean (Michigan), Teodoro Clase (Dominican Republic), Brigido Peguero (Dominican Republic), Felix Forest (England), Folkert Aleva (The Netherlands), Bruno Wallnöfer (Austria), Peter Raven (Missouri), Eldis Bécquer (Cuba), Luis Roberto (Cuba), Fredy Archila (Guatemala), German Carnevali (Mexico), Y.C. Chan (Malaysia), Tom Yukawa (Japan), Tom Wendt (Texas), and the curators of all the herbaria that loaned specimens for study. Finally, I cherish Barbara Carlsward for putting up with me all these years. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................................................................................. 3 LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ 6 LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................... 7 LIST OF OBJECTS ....................................................................................................... 10 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTERS 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 13 2 BADIERA SUBRHOMBIFOLIA (POLYGALACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM HISPANIOLA, WITH A DISCUSSION OF GENERIC CIRCUMSCRIPTION........... 17 Description of New Species .......................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Distribution and Habitat........................................................................................... 31 Phenology............................................................................................................... 33 Additional Specimens Examined ............................................................................ 33 Diagnostic Key to Hispaniolan Species of Badiera ................................................. 37 3 PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICAN POLYGALACEAE: NOTES ON THE DISINTEGRATION OF POLYGALA, WITH FOUR NEW GENERA FOR THE FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA.......................... 42 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 42 Materials and Methods............................................................................................ 45 Results.................................................................................................................... 49 General Discussion................................................................................................. 59 Taxonomic Conclusions.......................................................................................... 68 North American Groups and Biogeographic Discussion. ........................................ 76 New Combinations and Changes of Status ............................................................ 87 4 TAXONOMIC REVISION OF BADIERA (POLYGALACEAE): A CARIBBEAN CLADE.................................................................................................................. 110 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 110 Taxonomic History ................................................................................................ 112 Materials and Methods.......................................................................................... 114 Morphology ........................................................................................................... 118 Anatomy................................................................................................................ 129 Pollination Biology and Fruit Dispersal.................................................................. 139 4 Species Concepts................................................................................................. 143 Phylogenetic Relationships within Badiera ........................................................... 144 Habitats and Distribution....................................................................................... 146 Taxonomy ............................................................................................................. 149 5 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................... 244 APPENDICES A VOUCHER TAXA USED IN THIS STUDY............................................................ 246 B DISCUSSION OF SPECIES CONCEPTS AND DELIMITATION ISSUES............ 257 List of Unresolved, Potentially Problematic Species Complexes in North America ............................................................................................................. 261 Discussion of Historical Infrageneric Classification of Polygala, in Part Provided as a Guide for Taxon Selection for Future Phylogenetic Analyses .................... 264 C CLADOGRAMS NOT INCLUDED IN THE PRIMARY CHAPTER, WITH FOCUS ON NORTH AMERICAN TAXA ............................................................................ 282 LIST OF REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 283 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.......................................................................................... 291 5 LIST OF TABLES Table page 3-1 DNA primers used in this study. ......................................................................... 91 3-2 Numerical results of phylogenetic analyses in this study.................................... 92 3-3 Absolute increases and percent increases in the number of characters and length with increasing number of taxa. ............................................................... 93 3-4 Node support values........................................................................................... 94 3-5 Bootstrap support values for named clades across all analyses. ....................... 95 4-1 List of taxa, vouchers, and provenance for specimens included in DNA-based phylogenetic analyses of Badiera. .................................................................... 206 4-2 DNA primers used in this study. ....................................................................... 208 6 LIST OF FIGURES Figure page 2-1 Badiera subrhombifolia, vegetative features....................................................... 39 2-2 Badiera subrhombifolia, line drawing.................................................................. 40 2-3 Badiera subrhombifolia, distribution map............................................................ 41 3-1 Generic clades supported across bootstrap and strict consensus analyses. Combined chloroplast, ITS, and combined nuclear and plastid results. ............. 97 3-2 Generic clades -- chloroplast details. Plastid trnL-F spacer and trnL intron results................................................................................................................. 98 3-3 Generic clades with support values and known base chromosome numbers. Based on the combined 179 taxa analyses. ....................................................... 99 3-4 Synopsis of ITS 56 taxa analyses..................................................................... 100 3-5 Synopsis of ITS 109 taxa analyses................................................................... 101 3-6 Synopsis of ITS 179 taxa analyses................................................................... 102 3-7 Synopsis of chloroplast (trnL-F and trnL intron) 56 taxa analyses.................... 104 3-8 Synopsis of chloroplast (trnL-F and trnL intron) 109 taxa analyses.................. 105 3-9 Synopsis of combined (ITS, trnL-F, and trnL intron) 56 taxa analyses. ............ 106 3-10 Synopsis of combined 109 (ITS, trnL-F, and trnL intron) taxa analyses. .......... 107 3-11 Synopsis of combined 179 (ITS, trnL-F, and trnL intron) taxa analyses. .......... 108 4-1 Synopsis of phylogenetic analysis of combined nuclear and plastid data for multiple populations of Badiera, with bootstrap values and branch lengths...... 209 4-2 Flowers............................................................................................................. 210 4-3 Close-up of flower parts, all alcoholized. .......................................................... 211 4-4 Floral features (scanning electron micrographs), Badiera oblongata................ 212 4-5 Alcoholized gynoecia (except I, which is dried), lateral view, with most sepals removed for visibility of nectar disk,
Recommended publications
  • Plants for a Future Species Database Bibliography

    Plants for a Future Species Database Bibliography

    Plants For A Future Species Database Bibliography Numbers in square brackets are the reference numbers that appear in the database. [K] Ken Fern Notes from observations, tasting etc at Plants For A Future and on field trips. [1] F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press 1951 Comprehensive listing of species and how to grow them. Somewhat outdated, it has been replaces in 1992 by a new dictionary (see [200]). [1b] Food Plants International. http://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/ [1c] Natural Resources Conservation Service http://plants.usda.gov [1d] Invasive Species Compendium www.cabi.org [2] Hedrick. U. P. Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World. Dover Publications 1972 ISBN 0-486-20459-6 Lots of entries, quite a lot of information in most entries and references. [3] Simmons. A. E. Growing Unusual Fruit. David and Charles 1972 ISBN 0-7153-5531-7 A very readable book with information on about 100 species that can be grown in Britain (some in greenhouses) and details on how to grow and use them. [4] Grieve. A Modern Herbal. Penguin 1984 ISBN 0-14-046-440-9 Not so modern (1930's?) but lots of information, mainly temperate plants. [5] Mabey. R. Food for Free. Collins 1974 ISBN 0-00-219060-5 Edible wild plants found in Britain. Fairly comprehensive, very few pictures and rather optimistic on the desirability of some of the plants. [6] Mabey. R. Plants with a Purpose. Fontana 1979 ISBN 0-00-635555-2 Details on some of the useful wild plants of Britain. Poor on pictures but otherwise very good.
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."

    "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."

    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
  • Electoral Observation in the Dominican Republic 1998 Secretary General César Gaviria

    Electoral Observation in the Dominican Republic 1998 Secretary General César Gaviria

    Electoral Observations in the Americas Series, No. 13 Electoral Observation in the Dominican Republic 1998 Secretary General César Gaviria Assistant Secretary General Christopher R. Thomas Executive Coordinator, Unit for the Promotion of Democracy Elizabeth M. Spehar This publication is part of a series of UPD publications of the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States. The ideas, thoughts, and opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the OAS or its member states. The opinions expressed are the responsibility of the authors. OEA/Ser.D/XX SG/UPD/II.13 August 28, 1998 Original: Spanish Electoral Observation in the Dominican Republic 1998 General Secretariat Organization of American States Washington, D.C. 20006 1998 Design and composition of this publication was done by the Information and Dialogue Section of the UPD, headed by Caroline Murfitt-Eller. Betty Robinson helped with the editorial review of this report and Jamel Espinoza and Esther Rodriguez with its production. Copyright @ 1998 by OAS. All rights reserved. This publication may be reproduced provided credit is given to the source. Table of contents Preface...................................................................................................................................vii CHAPTER I Introduction ............................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER II Pre-election situation ..........................................................................................................
  • Topography and Geology Esperanza III, Which

    Topography and Geology Esperanza III, Which

    The Study on the Integrated Rural Development of Former Sugarcane Plantation Area and Final Report the Pilot Project of La Luisa Area, Monte Plata Province 5.4 Model Area of Group C : Esperanza III Area 5.4.1 Natural Conditions (1) Topography and Geology Esperanza III, which belongs to Valverde Province in the northwest of the Dominican Republic, is located at the 12km northeast of Mao where is the seat of the provincial office and at the 33km northwest of Santiago where is the second largest city in the country. The area is at longitude 71°12’ W and latitude 18°27’ N. The farmland of the area is situated between the Yaque del Norte River and Northern Mountains and declines gently from north to south within 80m to 100m in altitude. The area mainly consists of fluvial deposits such as muck, limy sand, clay and gravel in the Quaternary by the Yaque del Norte River and its tributaries. (2) Meteorology Esperanza III is located in Cibao that is a granary of the Dominican Republic, and is 12-km far from Mao where meteorological data are collected. In Mao where is in the middle of Cibao Valley, annual rainfall records about 700-mm but Esperanza III is supposed to have more rainfall, more than 1000 mm, since the area is at the foot of Septentrional Mountains. A vegetation map shows that Esperanza III is a part of subtropical dry forest as the same as Tamayo. The meteorological data in Mao indicate that there are two rainy seasons (from May to June and from September to October) but more than six months have less than 5 rainy days.
  • Temporal and Spatial Origin of Gesneriaceae in the New World Inferred from Plastid DNA Sequences

    Temporal and Spatial Origin of Gesneriaceae in the New World Inferred from Plastid DNA Sequences

    bs_bs_banner Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 171, 61–79. With 3 figures Temporal and spatial origin of Gesneriaceae in the New World inferred from plastid DNA sequences MATHIEU PERRET1*, ALAIN CHAUTEMS1, ANDRÉA ONOFRE DE ARAUJO2 and NICOLAS SALAMIN3,4 1Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Ch. de l’Impératrice 1, CH-1292 Chambésy, Switzerland 2Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, Brazil 3Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 4Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Received 15 December 2011; revised 3 July 2012; accepted for publication 18 August 2012 Gesneriaceae are represented in the New World (NW) by a major clade (c. 1000 species) currently recognized as subfamily Gesnerioideae. Radiation of this group occurred in all biomes of tropical America and was accompanied by extensive phenotypic and ecological diversification. Here we performed phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequences from three plastid loci to reconstruct the evolutionary history of Gesnerioideae and to investigate its relationship with other lineages of Gesneriaceae and Lamiales. Our molecular data confirm the inclusion of the South Pacific Coronanthereae and the Old World (OW) monotypic genus Titanotrichum in Gesnerioideae and the sister-group relationship of this subfamily to the rest of the OW Gesneriaceae. Calceolariaceae and the NW genera Peltanthera and Sanango appeared successively sister to Gesneriaceae, whereas Cubitanthus, which has been previously assigned to Gesneriaceae, is shown to be related to Linderniaceae. Based on molecular dating and biogeographical reconstruction analyses, we suggest that ancestors of Gesneriaceae originated in South America during the Late Cretaceous.
  • Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1

    Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1

    Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1 Authors: Jiang, Wei, He, Hua-Jie, Lu, Lu, Burgess, Kevin S., Wang, Hong, et. al. Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 104(2) : 171-229 Published By: Missouri Botanical Garden Press URL: https://doi.org/10.3417/2019337 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Annals-of-the-Missouri-Botanical-Garden on 01 Apr 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS Volume 104 Annals Number 2 of the R 2019 Missouri Botanical Garden EVOLUTION OF ANGIOSPERM Wei Jiang,2,3,7 Hua-Jie He,4,7 Lu Lu,2,5 POLLEN. 7. NITROGEN-FIXING Kevin S. Burgess,6 Hong Wang,2* and 2,4 CLADE1 De-Zhu Li * ABSTRACT Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in root nodules is known in only 10 families, which are distributed among a clade of four orders and delimited as the nitrogen-fixing clade.
  • The Vascular Flora of the Lake Thoreau Environmental Center

    The Vascular Flora of the Lake Thoreau Environmental Center

    THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE LAKE THOREAU ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER, FORREST AND LAMAR COUNTIES, MISSISSIPPI, WITH COMMENTS ON COMPOSITIONAL CHANGE AFTER A DECADE OF PRESCRIBED FIRE William J. McFarland, Danielle Cotton, Mac H. Alford, Micheal A. Davis 118 College Dr., Box 5018 School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems exhibit high species diversity and are major contributors to the extraordinary levels of regional biodiversity and endemism found in the North American Coastal Plain Province. These forests require frequent fire return inter- vals (every 2–3 years) to maintain this rich diversity. In 2009, a floristic inventory was conducted at the Lake Thoreau Environmental Center owned by the University of Southern Mississippi in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. The Center is located on 106 ha with approximately half cov- ered by a 100+ year old longleaf pine forest. When the 2009 survey was conducted, fire had been excluded for over 20 years resulting in a dense understory dominated by woody species throughout most of the forest. The 2009 survey recorded 282 vascular plant species. Prescribed fire was reintroduced in 2009 and reapplied again in 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018. A new survey was conducted in 2019 to assess the effects of prescribed fire on floristic diversity. The new survey found an additional 268 species bringing the total number of plants species to 550. This study highlights the changes in species diversity that occurs when fire is reintroduced into a previously fire-suppressed system and the need to monitor sensitive areas for changes in species composition.
  • National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 1996

    National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 1996

    National List of Vascular Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary Indicator by Region and Subregion Scientific Name/ North North Central South Inter- National Subregion Northeast Southeast Central Plains Plains Plains Southwest mountain Northwest California Alaska Caribbean Hawaii Indicator Range Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes FACU FACU UPL UPL,FACU Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. FAC FACW FAC,FACW Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. NI NI NI NI NI UPL UPL Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. FACU FACU FACU Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. FACU-* NI FACU-* Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. NI NI FACU+ FACU- FACU FAC UPL UPL,FAC Abies magnifica A. Murr. NI UPL NI FACU UPL,FACU Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral FACW+ FAC+ FAC+,FACW+ Abutilon theophrasti Medik. UPL FACU- FACU- UPL UPL UPL UPL UPL NI NI UPL,FACU- Acacia choriophylla Benth. FAC* FAC* Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. FACU NI NI* NI NI FACU Acacia greggii Gray UPL UPL FACU FACU UPL,FACU Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. NI FAC FAC Acacia minuta ssp. minuta (M.E. Jones) Beauchamp FACU FACU Acaena exigua Gray OBL OBL Acalypha bisetosa Bertol. ex Spreng. FACW FACW Acalypha virginica L. FACU- FACU- FAC- FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider FACU- FAC- FACU FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm. FAC* NI NI FAC* Acanthomintha ilicifolia (Gray) Gray FAC* FAC* Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl OBL OBL Acer circinatum Pursh FAC- FAC NI FAC-,FAC Acer glabrum Torr. FAC FAC FAC FACU FACU* FAC FACU FACU*,FAC Acer grandidentatum Nutt.
  • The Aphrodisiac Herb Carpolobia: a Biopharmacological and Phytochemical Review

    The Aphrodisiac Herb Carpolobia: a Biopharmacological and Phytochemical Review

    PHCOG REV. PLANT REVIEW The aphrodisiac herb Carpolobia: A biopharmacological and phytochemical review Lucky Lebgosi Nwidu, Paul Alozie Nwafor1, Wagner Vilegas2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa, 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria, 2Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil Submitted: 10-09-2014 Revised: 22-09-2014 Published: 04-08-2015 ABSTRACT Any agent with the ability to provoke sexual desire in an individual is referred to as an aphrodisiac. Aphrodisiac plants are used in the management of erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. One such plant popular in West and Central Africa among the Pygmies of Cameroon, Ipassa of Garbon, and the Yoruba, Ibo, Efik and Ijaw peoples of Nigeria isCarpolobia . It is an accepted and commonly utilized herbal booster of libido. It is used to cure male infertility and to boosts libido thereby augmenting male sexual functions or it is used to induce penile erection, and enhance male virility. The chewing stick prepared from the stem and root of either Carpolobia alba (CA) or Carpolobia lutea (CL) is patronized because it boosts male sexual performance. The genus Carpolobia has over 14 species. The leaf essential oil contains a variety of terpenoids, while polyphenols and triterpenoid saponins have been isolated from the root and leaf extracts respectively. Other ethnomedicinal uses include curing of stomach ailments, rheumatism, fever, pains, insanity, dermal infection, venereal diseases; to promote child birth; and as a taeniafuge and vermifuge. In spite of its popularity, no scientific data reviewing the biopharmacological and phytochemical activities of Carpolobia exist to our knowledge.
  • 2Tf/77 CONTENTS

    2Tf/77 CONTENTS

    MEDEDELINGEN LANDBOUWHOGESCHOOL WAGENINGEN • NEDERLAND • 77-18 (1977) REVISION OF ATROXIMA STAPF AND CARPOLOBIA G.DON (POLYGALACEAE) F. J. BRETELER and A. A. S. SMISSAERT-HOUWING Laboratory of Plant Taxonomy and Plant Geography, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (Received 16-VI-1977) H. VEENMAN EN ZONEN B.V.- WAGENINGEN-1977 2tf/77 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 5 2. HISTORY AND TAXONOMIC POSITION OFTH E GENERA 5 3. MORPHOLOGY 6 3.1. The inflorescence 6 3.2. The flower 7 3.3. The seedling 8 4. FLOWER BIOLOGY 8 5. PHYLOGENY 9 6. DISTRIBUTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CARPOLOBIA ALBA . 12 7. KEY TO THE GENERA 14 8. TAXONOMIC TREATMENT OF ATROXIMA 14 8.1. Description of the genus 14 8.2. Key to the species 15 8.3. A. afzeliana 15 8.4. A. liberica 19 8.5. Excluded species 22 9. TAXONOMIC TREATMENT OF CARPOLOBIA 22 9.1. Description of the genus 22 9.2. Key to the species 23 9.3. C.alba 24 9.4. C.goetzei 30 9.5. C.gossweileri 35 9.6. C. lutea 38 9.7. Excluded species 43 10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 43 11. REFERENCES 44 12. INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES 45 1. INTRODUCTION Atroxima STAPF and Carpolobia G. DON represent two small genera of the Polygalaceae, both confined to tropical Africa. They are closely related and welldistinguishe d from the other Polygalaceae in Africa. To the single character used so far to separate Atroxima and Carpolobia, i.e. absence or presence of endosperm, some others could be added, giving Atro­ xima a sounder basis as a distinct taxon.
  • United States National Museum

    United States National Museum

    SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 156 ABORIGINAL INDIAN POTTERY OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC BY HERBERT W. KRIEGER Curator of Ethnology, United States National Museum UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1931 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price, 75 cents ADVERTISEMENT The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletins. The Proceedings^ begun in 1878, are intended primarily as a me- dium for the publication of original papers, based on the collections of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organiza- tions and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes. The Bulletins^ the first of which was issued in 1875, consist of a series of separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological groups and other general sj^stematic treatises (occasion- ally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, cata- logues of type-specimens, special collections, and other material of a similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Gontrihutions from the United States National Hei'haHum^ in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum.
  • Download Vol. 21, No. 1

    Download Vol. 21, No. 1

    BULLETIN of the FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Biological Sciences Volume 21 1976 Number 1 VARIATION AND RELATIONSHIPS OF SOME HISPANIOLAN FROGS (LEPTODACTYLIDAE, ELEUTHERODACTYLUS ) OF THE RICORDI GROUP ALBERT SCHWARTZ .A-' UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA GAINESVILLE Numbers of the BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, are published at irregular intervals. Volumes contain about 300 pages and are not necessarily completed in any one calendar year. CARTER R. GILBERT, Editor RHODA J. RYBAK, Managing Editor Consultant for this issue: ERNEST E. WILLIAMS Communications concerning purchase or exchange of the publications and all manu- scripts should be addressed to the Managing Editor of the Bulletin, Florida State Museum, Museum Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611. This public document was promulgated at an annual cost of $1647.38 or $1.647 per copy. It makes available to libraries, scholars, and all interested persons the results of researchers in the natural sciences, emphasizing the Circum-Caribbean region. Publication date: Aug. 6, 1976 Price: $1.70 VARIATION AND RELATIONSHIPS OF SOME HISPANIOLAN FROGS ( LEPTODACTYLIDAE, ELEUTHERODACTYLUS) OF THE RICORDI GROUP ALBERT SCHWARTZ1 SYNOPSIS: Five species of Hispaniolan Eleutherodactylus of the ricordi group are discussed, and variation in these species is given in detail. The relationships of these five species, both among themselves and with other Antillean members of the ricordi group, are treated, and a hypothetical sequence of inter- and intra-island trends is given,