DOCSLIB.ORG

Patent Office Patiented Feb

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Patent Office Patiented Feb 3,078,254 United States Patent Office Patiented Feb. 19, 1963 2 dine, 3,5-diethyl-4-vinylpyridine, etc.; similar mono- and 3,078,254 di-substituted alkenyl pyridines and like quinolines; HGH MOELECULAR POYMERS AND RAE HOS acrylic acid esters, such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate; FOR THER PEREPARATION alkacrylic acid esters, such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl Robert P. Zelinski and Henry L. Hsieh, Bariesville, Ck.a., methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, ethyl ethacrylate, butyl assignors to Plai Eips Petroiesia (Coapay, a corpora 5 methacrylate; methyl vinyl ether, vinyl chloride, vinyli tion of Delaware dene chloride, vinylfuran, vinylcarbazole, vinylacetylene, No Drawing. Filed July 20, 1959, Ser. No. 328,053 etc. 20 Claims. (C. 260-45.5) The above compounds in addition to being polym This invention relates to polymers of increased molec 0. erizable alone are also copolymerizable with each other ular weight prepared by reacting terminally reactive poly and may be copolymerized to form terminally reactive mers with compounds containing active halogens. In one polymers. In addition, copolymers can be prepared using aspect the invention relates to solid polymers prepared by minor amount of copolymerizable monomers containing heat curing polymers obtained by reacting polymers con more than one vinylidene group such as 2,4-divinylpyri taining terminal alkali metal atoms with compounds con 5 dine, divinylbenzene, 2,3-divinylpyridine, 3,5-divinylpyri taining active halogens. In still another aspect of the in dine, 2,4-divinyl-6-methylpyridine, 2,3-divinyl-5-ethylpyri vention curing is carried cut in the presence of a conven dine, and the like. tional curing system. The terminally reactive polymers in addition to in As used herein, the term "terminally reactive poly cluding homopolymers of polymerizable vinylidene com mer' designates polymer which contains a reactive group 20 pounds and copolymers of conjugated dienes with vinyli at one or both ends of the polymer chain. dene compounds also include block copolymers, which It is an object of this invention to provide new and are formed by polymerizing a monomer onto the end of useful polymeric materials of increased molecular weight, a polymer, the monomer being introduced in such a and process for their preparation. maniher that Substantially all of the co-reacting molecules Another object of this invention is to provide self 25 enter the polymer chain at this point. In general, the curing polymers from polymers containing terminal alkali block copolymers can include combinations of homopoly metal atoms, and process for their preparation. mers and copolymers of the materials hereinbefore set Still another object of this invention is to provide cured forth. A detailed description of block copolymers con polymers from polymers obtained by reacting polymers taining terminal reactive groups and their method of prep containing terminal alkali metal atoms with compounds 30 aration is set forth in the copending application of R. P. containing two or more active halogens. Zelinski, Serial No. 796,277, filed March 2, 1959. This These and other objects of the invention will become application describes a process for preparing block co imore readily apparent from the following detailed de polymers from monomers included in the following scription and discussion. groups: (1) 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3- The foregoing objects are realized broadly by react 35 pentadiene and vinyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons; ing a polymer containing terminal alkali metal atoms (2) vinylpyridines; and (3) vinyl halides, vinylidine ha with an organic compound containing at least two active lides, acrylonitrile, esters of acrylic acid and esters of halogens to obtain a polymer of increased molecular homologues of acrylic acid. The process comprises the weight. steps of initially contacting a monomer selected from In one aspect of the invention the polymer product is 40 those included in groups (1) and (2) with an organo subjected to heat whereby molecules of said polymer lithium compound in the presence of a diluent selected react with each other to form a cured polymer. from the group consisting of aromatic, parafiinic and In another aspect of the invention curing of the poly cycloparaffinic hydrocarbons so as to form a polymer mer product is carried out in the presence of a conven block; and, after polymerization of substantially all of tional curing system. 45 the selected monomer, contacting the aforementioned The monomers which can be employed in the prepara catalyst in the presence of the polymer block initially tion of polymers containing terminal alkali metal atoms formed and the hydrocarbon diluent with a monomerse include a wide variety of materials. The preferred mono lected from those included in groups (1), (2) and (3) mers are the conjugated dienes containing from 4 to 12 when the initial monomer is selected from group (1) and carbon atoms and preferably 4 to 8 carbon atoms, such 50 with a monomer selected from those included in group as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, piperylene, methylpentadiene, (3) when the initial monomer is selected from group (2), phenylbutadiene, 3,4-dimethyl-1,3-hexadiene, 4,5-diethyi the monomer selected being different from the monomer 1,3-octadiene, etc. In addition, conjugated dienes con employed in the initial contacting. taining reactive substituents along the chain can also be The terminally reactive polymers are prepared by con employed, such as for example, halogenated dienes, such 55 tacting the monomer or monomers which it is desired to as chloroprene, fluoroprene, etc. Of the coniugated di polymerize with an organo alkali metal compound. The enes the preferred material is butadiene, with isoprene organo alkali metal compounds preferably contain from and piperylene also being especially suitable. In addi 1 to 4 alkali metal atoms, and those containing 2 alkali tion to the conjugated dienes other monomers which can metal atoms are more often employed. As will be ex be employed are aryl-substituted olefins, such as styrene, 60 plained hereinafter, lithium is the preferred alkali metal. various alkyl styrenes, paramethoxystyrene, vinylnaphthal The organo alkali metal compounds can be prepared ene, vinyltoluene, and the like; heterocyclic nitrogen-con in several ways, for example, by replacing halogens in taining monomers, such as pyridine and allinoline deriva an organic halide with alkali metals, by direct addition tives containing at least 1 vinyl or alphamethyl-vinyl of alkali metals to a double bond, or by reacting an group, such as 2-vinylpyridine, 3-vinylpyridine, 4-vinyl 65 organic halide with a suitable alkali metal compound. pyridine, 3-ethyl-5-vinylpyridine, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyri The organo alkali metal compound initiates the po. 3,078,254 3. 4. lymerization reaction, the organo radical being in ample, of the condensed ring aromatic compounds the corporated in the polymer chain and the alkali metal lithium-anthracene adduct is preferred, but the adducts of being attached terminally on at least one end of the lithium with naphthalene and biphenyl can be employed polymer chain. When employing polyalkali metal con with good results. Of the compounds of alkali metals pounds an alkali metal is attached terminally at each with polyaryl-substituted ethylenes, the preferred ma end of the polymer chain. The polymers in general will terial is 1,2-dilithio-1,2-diphenylethane (lithium-stilbene be linear polymers having two ends; however, polymers adduct). Ordinarily the organo dialkali metal com containing more than two ends can be prepared within pounds are more effective than others in promoting the the scope of the invention. The general reaction can be formation of the terminally reactive polymers. The illustrated graphically as follows: O organo dialkali metal compounds which have been set forth as being preferred, are those which when prepared Y-R-Y -- XCH - Y-R(CH-Y contain a minimum of the monoalkali metal compound. Organoalkali Butadiene The amount of initiator which can be used will vary metal compound depending on the polymer prepared, and particularly the 5 molecular weight desired. Usually the terminally reac O tive polymers are liquids, having molecular weights in Y- CAHs) -R- I CH6 x-n-Y the range of 1000 to about 20,000. However, depending on the monomers employed in the preparation of the or combinations thereof. polymers and the amount of initiator used, semi-solid and A specific example is: 20 solid terminally reactive polymers can be prepared having molecular weights up to 150,000 and higher. Usually the initiator is used in amounts between about 0.25 and about 100 millimoles per 100 grams of monomer. Formation of the terminally reactive polymers is gen In the specific example 1,4-addition of butadiene is erally carried out in the range of between -100 and shown; however, it should be understood that 1,2-addi --150° C., preferably between -75 and --75° C. The tion can also occur. particular temperatures employed will depend on both While organo compounds of the various alkali metals the monomers and the initiators used in preparing the can be employed in carrying out the polymerization, by polymers. For example, it has been found that the far the best results are obtained with organolithium 30 organolithium initiators provide more favorable results compounds which give very high conversions to the at elevated temperatures whereas lower temperatures are terminally reactive polymer. With organo compounds required to effectively initiate polymerization to the de of the other alkali metals, the amount of monoterminally sired products with the other alkali metal compounds. reactive polymer, that is, polymer having alkali metal at The amount of catalyst employed can vary but is pref only one end of the chain is substantially higher. The erably in the range of between about 1 and about 30 alkali metals, of course, include sodium, potassium, lith millinoles per 100 grams of monomers. It is prefered ium, rubidium, and cesium.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download Flyer
    NexantThinkingTM Special Reports C5 Chemicals: Unlocking Hidden Opportunities in Steam Crackers? Brochure January 2017 NexantThinkingTM Special Reports C5 Chemicals: Unlocking Hidden Opportunities in Steam Crackers? Brochure January 2017 A50801. Special Reports This Report was prepared by Nexant, Inc. (“Nexant”) and is part of the NexantThinking™ suite. Except where specifically stated otherwise in this Report, the information contained herein is prepared on the basis of information that is publicly available, and contains no confidential third party technical information to the best knowledge of Nexant. Aforesaid information has not been independently verified or otherwise examined to determine its accuracy, completeness or financial feasibility. Neither Nexant, Subscriber nor any person acting on behalf of either assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of or for damages resulting from the use of any information contained in this Report. Nexant does not represent or warrant that any assumed conditions will come to pass. The Report is submitted on the understanding that the Subscriber will maintain the contents confidential except for the Subscriber’s internal use. The Report should not be reproduced, distributed or used without first obtaining prior written consent by Nexant. Each Subscriber agrees to use reasonable effort to protect the confidential nature of the Report. Copyright © by Nexant Inc. 2017. All rights reserved. Contents Section Page 1 Introduction and Report Objectives .......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • SAFETY DATA SHEET Classified in Accordance with Health Canada Hazardous Products Regulations (SOR/2015-17)
    Version: 8.0 Revision Date: 01/02/2020 SAFETY DATA SHEET Classified in accordance with Health Canada Hazardous Products Regulations (SOR/2015-17) 1. Identification Product identifier: Hydrocarbons C5 Rich Other means of identification Common name(s), Crude Isoprene; Isoprene/Piperylene Concentrate; C5 Mixture; Isoprene synonym(s): Product SDS number: NOVA-0007 Recommended use and restriction on use Recommended use: Petrochemical feedstock. Restrictions on use: All uses other than the identified. Manufacturer/Importer/Supplier/Distributor Information Manufacturer Company Name: NOVA Chemicals Address: P.O. Box 2518, Station M Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 5C6 Telephone: Product Information: 1-412-490-4063 SDS Information Email: [email protected] Emergency telephone number: 1-800-561-6682, 1-403-314-8767 (NOVA Chemicals) (24 hours) 2. Hazard(s) identification Hazard Classification According to Hazardous Products Regulations Physical Hazards Flammable liquids Category 1 Static-accumulating flammable liquid Category 1 Health Hazards Acute toxicity (Oral) Category 4 Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 2 Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation Category 2A Germ Cell Mutagenicity Category 2 Carcinogenicity Category 1B Specific Target Organ Toxicity - Category 3 Single Exposure Aspiration Hazard Category 1 Environmental Hazards Acute hazards to the aquatic Category 3 environment Chronic hazards to the aquatic Category 3 environment Label Elements Hazard Symbol: SDS_CA 1/14 Version: 8.0 Revision Date: 01/02/2020 Signal Word: Danger Hazard Statement: Extremely flammable liquid and vapour. Static accumulating flammable liquid can become electrostatically charged even in bonded and grounded equipment. Sparks may ignite liquid and vapour. May cause flash fire or explosion. Harmful if swallowed. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation.
    [Show full text]
  • Material Safety Data Sheet SECTION 1: PRODUCT and COMPANY IDENTIFICATION SECTION 2: INGREDIENTS
    MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET 3M™ Weatherstrip Adhesive - Black, P.N. 08011 08/26/11 Material Safety Data Sheet Copyright, 2011, 3M Company All rights reserved. Copying and/or downloading of this information for the purpose of properly utilizing 3M products is allowed provided that: (1) the information is copied in full with no changes unless prior written agreement is obtained from 3M, and (2) neither the copy nor the original is resold or otherwise distributed with the intention of earning a profit thereon. SECTION 1: PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME: 3M™ Weatherstrip Adhesive - Black, P.N. 08011 MANUFACTURER: 3M DIVISION: Automotive Aftermarket ADDRESS: 3M Center, St. Paul, MN 55144-1000 EMERGENCY PHONE: 1-800-364-3577 or (651) 737-6501 (24 hours) Issue Date: 08/26/11 Supercedes Date: 02/03/09 Document Group: 10-2974-3 Product Use: Intended Use: Automotive Specific Use: Trim Adhesive SECTION 2: INGREDIENTS Ingredient C.A.S. No. % by Wt NAPHTHA (PETROLEUM), SOLVENT-REFINED LIGHT 64741-84-0 40 - 60 HEXANE 110-54-3 10 - 30 HEPTANE 142-82-5 2 - 12 METHYLCYCLOPENTANE 96-37-7 2 - 12 2-METHYLPENTANE 107-83-5 5 - 10 3-METHYLPENTANE 96-14-0 5 - 10 POLYISOPRENE 9003-31-0 3 - 7 NAPHTHA, LIGHT STEAM-CRACKED AROM., PIPERYLENE CONC., 68478-07-9 3 - 7 POLYMD. STYRENE-BUTADIENE POLYMER 9003-55-8 3 - 7 TALC 14807-96-6 3 - 7 TOLUENE 108-88-3 3 - 7 FORMALDEHYDE, POLYMER WITH 4-(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)PHENOL, Trade Secret 1 - 5 MAGNESIUM OXIDE COMPLEX ROSIN, POLYMD., CALCIUM AND ZINC SALTS 68188-23-8 0 - 5 ZINC RESINATE 9010-69-9 0 - 3 CYCLOHEXANE 110-82-7 < 3 2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE 79-29-8 0.5 - 1.5 ETHYL ALCOHOL 64-17-5 0.1 - 1 ZINC OXIDE 1314-13-2 <= 0.23 BENZENE 71-43-2 < 0.06 _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 1 of 10 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET 3M™ Weatherstrip Adhesive - Black, P.N.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent' Office
    ' Patented Feb. 7, i950 - 2,496,868 UNITED STATES PATENT‘ OFFICE 2,496,868 POLYMERS OF 3-VINYLPYRENE Ralph G. Flowers, Pitts?eld, Mass., assignm- to to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York No Drawing. Application May 13, 1948, ' , Serial No. 26,940 12 Claims. (Cl. 260—87.3) 2 This invention relates to polymers and co such as boron tri?uoride, are used. aperiod of polymers of vinyl compounds and to methods of time elapses between the addition of the catalyst , preparing same. More particularly, the inven and the beginning of the polymerization. This tion-ia concerned with new and useful composi tendency is particularly marked when the poly tions of matter comprising the product of poly merization is carried out at elevated tempera merization of a mass comprising 3-vinylpyrene. tures. A very large amount of solvent often in In my copending application, Serial No. 26,939, hibits or retards the polymerization of the mono ?led concurrently herewith and assigned to the mer or comonomers to the extent that polymer same assignee as the present invention, there are ization is not e?ected in a reasonable time. disclosed and claimed 3-vinylpyrene and methods 10 Another method which has been found effective - of preparing the same. I have now discovered in preparing the homopolymers and copolymers that this monomeric material may be polymer of the instant claimed invention includes ‘the ized or copolymerized with other polymerizable preparation of an intimate mixture of the mono compositions to yield valuable and useful com- ' meric materials by preparing a suspension or positions of matter.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent Office Patented Sept
    3,205,214 United States Patent Office Patented Sept. 7, 1965 2 usual catalytic amount of the two catalytic components 3,205,214 can be used within the range of, for example, 0.2 to about PPERYLENE POLYMERZATION Thomas B. Taicott, Wadsworth Township, Ohio, assignor 20 millimoles per 100 grams of monomer. to The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company, Akron, Piperylene can be polymerized by the method of the Ohio, a corporation of Ohio 5 invention either as the sole monomer or in the presence No Drawing. Filed May 15, 1961, Ser. No. 109,814 of one or more additional ethylenically unsaturated com 2 Claims. (C. 260-94.3) pound, with which it may or may not copolymerize, de pending upon the specific monomer and the specific cata This invention relates to the polymerization of piperyl lyst combination. For instance, a mixed hydrocarbon ene, either cis-piperylene or trans-piperylene or a mixture O stream containing both piperylene and isoprene can be of the two, and other monomers may be present. The treated to polymerizing conditions in accordance with the invention relates more particularly to a process of polym-. invention to polymerize the piperylene selectively, leaving erization using a catalyst containing iodine, either in com all or most of the isoprene in the stream unpolymerized. bined or initially uncombined form. A different catalyst ratio or combination within the scope A piperylene polymer produced by the invention con 15 of the invention can be utilized to produce a piperylene tain in the piperylene portion over 98 percent 1,4-addi isoprene copolymer.
    [Show full text]
  • 2002-00238-01-E.Pdf (Pdf)
    report no. 01/54 environmental classification of petroleum substances - summary data and rationale Prepared by CONCAWE Petroleum Products Ecology Group D. King (Chairman) M. Bradfield P. Falkenback T. Parkerton D. Peterson E. Remy R. Toy M. Wright B. Dmytrasz D. Short Reproduction permitted with due acknowledgement CONCAWE Brussels October 2001 I report no. 01/54 ABSTRACT Environmental data on the fate and effects of petroleum substances are summarised. Technical issues relating to the choice of test methodology for the evaluation of environmental impacts of petroleum substances are discussed. Proposals for self-classification according to EU criteria, as defined in the Dangerous Substances Directive, are presented for individual petroleum substance groups, on the basis of available test data and structure activity relationships (based on composition). KEYWORDS Hazard, environment, petroleum substances, classification, aquatic toxicity, biodegradation, bioaccumulation, QSAR, dangerous substances directive. INTERNET This report is available as an Adobe pdf file on the CONCAWE website (www.concawe.be). NOTE Considerable efforts have been made to assure the accuracy and reliability of the information contained in this publication. However, neither CONCAWE nor any company participating in CONCAWE can accept liability for any loss, damage or injury whatsoever resulting from the use of this information. This report does not necessarily represent the views of any company participating in CONCAWE. II report no. 01/54 CONTENTS Page SUMMARY V 1. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 2. DATA SELECTION FOR CLASSIFICATION 2 2.1. WATER "SOLUBILITY" OF PETROLEUM SUBSTANCES AND TEST "CONCENTRATIONS" 2 2.2. ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXICITY AND SOLUBILITY LIMITS 2 2.3. PERSISTENCE AND FATE PROCESSES FOR PETROLEUM SUBSTANCES 3 2.4.
    [Show full text]
  • First Telomerisation of Piperylene with Morpholine Using Palladium￢ﾀﾓ
    Catalysis Communications 77 (2016) 70–74 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Catalysis Communications journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/catcom Short communication First telomerisation of piperylene with morpholine using palladium– carbene catalysts Peter Neubert, Ines Meier, Tom Gaide, René Kuhlmann, Arno Behr ⁎ Technische Universität Dortmund, Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany article info abstract Article history: Telomerisation of common 1,3-dienes like butadiene and isoprene has already been successfully conducted with Received 1 July 2015 a huge number of nucleophiles. However, 1,3-pentadiene (piperylene) telomerisation with amines has not been Received in revised form 19 January 2016 reported yet. Here, we present the first telomerisation of piperylene with morpholine, providing an atom eco- Accepted 20 January 2016 nomic access to unsaturated C -amines in a single reaction step. Investigations of the reaction conditions such Available online 25 January 2016 10 as precursor and ligand screening led to Pd(acac)2/IMes·HCl being the most active catalyst. Keywords: © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Homogeneous catalysis Topic: Telomerisation Dienes Piperylene Amines 1. Introduction with oxygen nucleophiles [22–24]. Nevertheless, piperylene telomerisation has also been achieved with carbon dioxide [25],sul- Having in mind the diminishing resources of fossil feedstocks, one fones [26], and trimethylsilane [27]. To the best of our knowledge, major goal of catalysis is the development of efficient synthesis routes there is no telomerisation of piperylene described with amines. For based on either new feedstocks or on well-known, yet unutilized com- long time, telomerisation reactions have been catalysed by palladium/ pounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Material Safety Data Sheet
    Material Safety Data Sheet Piperylene, tech., 60%, cis and trans isomers ACC# 30000 Section 1 - Chemical Product and Company Identification MSDS Name: Piperylene, tech., 60%, cis and trans isomers Catalog Numbers: AC207650000, AC207650010, AC207650500 Synonyms: 1,3-Pentadiene; 1-Methylbutadiene; Penta-1,3-diene; Pentadiene, 1,3- Company Identification: Acros Organics N.V. One Reagent Lane Fair Lawn, NJ 07410 For information in North America, call: 800-ACROS-01 For emergencies in the US, call CHEMTREC: 800-424-9300 Section 2 - Composition, Information on Ingredients CAS# Chemical Name Percent EINECS/ELINCS 504-60-9 Piperylene 60 207-995-2 Section 3 - Hazards Identification EMERGENCY OVERVIEW Appearance: APHA: 25 max clear liquid. Flash Point: -28 deg C. Danger! Extremely flammable liquid. Causes respiratory tract irritation. Irritant. Lachrymator (substance which increases the flow of tears). Causes eye and skin irritation. May cause digestive tract irritation. May cause central nervous system depression. Target Organs: Central nervous system, respiratory system, eyes, skin. Potential Health Effects Eye: Vapors cause eye irritation. Lachrymator (substance which increases the flow of tears). Causes redness and pain. May cause chemical conjunctivitis and corneal damage. Skin: Causes skin irritation. Causes redness and pain. May cause cyanosis of the extremities. Ingestion: May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Possible aspiration hazard. May cause central nervous system depression. Ingestion of large amounts may cause CNS depression. Inhalation: Causes respiratory tract irritation. May cause effects similar to those described for ingestion. May cause dyspnea (difficult or labored breathing). Aspiration may lead to pulmonary edema. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. May cause burning sensation in the chest.
    [Show full text]
  • From Cracker to Key C5 Derivative Applications for Isoprene, DCPD and Piperylene Special Report Prospectus
    IHS CHEMICAL C5 Value Chain Study: From Cracker to Key C5 Derivative Applications for Isoprene, DCPD and Piperylene Special Report Prospectus IHS Chemical Prospectus IHS CHEMICAL Contents Contents ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3 What are C5 Petrochemicals? .............................................................................................. 3 What Industries do C5 Petrochemicals Supply? .................................................................. 4 Accessing C5 Petrochemicals .............................................................................................. 6 Issues Impacting the C5 Petrochemicals Industry ................................................................ 8 Study Objective .......................................................................................................................... 9 Study Scope ............................................................................................................................... 9 Market Dynamics for C5 Petrochemicals ............................................................................. 9 Pricing Dynamics for C5 Petrochemicals ............................................................................. 9 Downstream Industries Review ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • "Hydrocarbons," In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
    Article No : a13_227 Hydrocarbons KARL GRIESBAUM, Universit€at Karlsruhe (TH), Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany ARNO BEHR, Henkel KGaA, Dusseldorf,€ Federal Republic of Germany DIETER BIEDENKAPP, BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, Federal Republic of Germany HEINZ-WERNER VOGES, Huls€ Aktiengesellschaft, Marl, Federal Republic of Germany DOROTHEA GARBE, Haarmann & Reimer GmbH, Holzminden, Federal Republic of Germany CHRISTIAN PAETZ, Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Federal Republic of Germany GERD COLLIN, Ruttgerswerke€ AG, Duisburg, Federal Republic of Germany DIETER MAYER, Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft, Frankfurt, Federal Republic of Germany HARTMUT Ho€KE, Ruttgerswerke€ AG, Castrop-Rauxel, Federal Republic of Germany 1. Saturated Hydrocarbons ............ 134 3.7. Cumene ......................... 163 1.1. Physical Properties ................ 134 3.8. Diisopropylbenzenes ............... 164 1.2. Chemical Properties ............... 134 3.9. Cymenes; C4- and C5-Alkylaromatic 1.3. Production ....................... 134 Compounds ...................... 165 1.3.1. From Natural Gas and Petroleum . .... 135 3.10. Monoalkylbenzenes with Alkyl Groups 1.3.2. From Coal and Coal-Derived Products . 138 >C10 ........................... 166 1.3.3. By Synthesis and by Conversion of other 3.11. Diphenylmethane .................. 167 Hydrocarbons . .................. 139 4. Biphenyls and Polyphenyls .......... 168 1.4. Uses ............................ 140 4.1. Biphenyl......................... 168 1.5. Individual Saturated Hydrocarbons ... 142 4.2. Terphenyls......................
    [Show full text]
  • Photophysics and Stereomutation of Aromatic Sulfoxides Woojae Lee Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2000 Photophysics and stereomutation of aromatic sulfoxides Woojae Lee Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Organic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Lee, Woojae, "Photophysics and stereomutation of aromatic sulfoxides " (2000). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 12344. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/12344 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality Illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will Indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections witii small overiaps.
    [Show full text]
  • Separation of Piperylene Concentrate Via Metathesis Catalysis
    University of Central Florida STARS Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Fall 1982 Separation of Piperylene Concentrate via Metathesis Catalysis Donald R. Allred University of Central Florida Part of the Chemistry Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/rtd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Allred, Donald R., "Separation of Piperylene Concentrate via Metathesis Catalysis" (1982). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 605. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/rtd/605 SEPARATION OF PIPERYLENE CONCENTRATE VIA METATHESIS CATALYSIS BY DONALD R. ALLRED B. S., University of Central Florida, 1978 RESEARCH REPORT Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science degree in Indus tr i a I Chemistry in the Graduate Studies Program of the College of Arts and Sciences University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Semester 1982 ABSTRACT Diolefin metathesis, using a Re 2 o 7 catalyst, failed to show a reactivity difference due to conjugation of double bonds o However ., the same system allows reaction of pentadiene wh i le not affecting cyclopentene yielding a successful reaction - separation scheme for a piperylene concentrate mixture. ACKNOWLEDGE MEN TS In recognition of those whose support and guidance were instrumental in the completion of this work, I would like to thank my wife Valerie and son Christopher, Dr. Chris Clausen, and the Burroughs Corporation.
    [Show full text]