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Refinery Intermediate Product Literature Review Final Report

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Refinery Intermediate Product Literature Review Final Report Refinery Intermediate Product Literature Review TCEQ PGA No. 582-13-30089-FY14-15 TCEQ Tracking No. 2014-22-PCR# 42253 Final Report Prepared for Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Mr. Mark Muldoon, Project Manager Air Quality Division [email protected] 512.239.4895 Prepared by Kirsten Rosselot, PE [email protected] 818.878.0454 Vincent M. Torres, MSE, PE, MAC [email protected] 512.471.5803 The University of Texas at Austin Center for Energy & Environmental Resources 10100 Burnet Rd., Bldg. 133 Austin, TX 78758 August 2014 - Refinery Intermediate Product Literature Review Project: Final Report - Contents Contents ......................................................................................................................................................... i List of acronyms and abbreviations ............................................................................................................. iii Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Intermediate streams ................................................................................................................................... 3 Useful formulas ......................................................................................................................................... 4 Literature ................................................................................................................................................ 12 1. Gas oils ............................................................................................................................................ 14 2. Heavy and light naphtha ................................................................................................................. 34 3. Atmospheric and vacuum tower bottoms ...................................................................................... 45 4. Asphalt ............................................................................................................................................ 54 5. Coker naphtha ................................................................................................................................. 71 6. Reformate ....................................................................................................................................... 75 7. Pyrolysis gasoline ............................................................................................................................ 78 8. Residuum ........................................................................................................................................ 81 Liquid feedstocks and products of selected refinery processes ................................................................. 90 Refineries in Texas ...................................................................................................................................... 96 Data from US EPA’s information collection request to refineries .......................................................... 96 Data from the US Energy Information Administration ......................................................................... 100 Other data ............................................................................................................................................. 100 Sources of information ......................................................................................................................... 100 Methods for estimating emissions from storage tanks ............................................................................ 102 Tank temperatures................................................................................................................................ 104 Literature .............................................................................................................................................. 105 Cutter stock ............................................................................................................................................... 107 Literature .............................................................................................................................................. 109 Summary ................................................................................................................................................... 111 Appendix A: Crude assays ........................................................................................................................ 114 Assays of crude oils fed to Texas refineries .......................................................................................... 114 Hibernia assay ....................................................................................................................................... 114 Santos assays ........................................................................................................................................ 114 i - Refinery Intermediate Product Literature Review Project: Final Report - Sources .................................................................................................................................................. 121 Appendix B: PAH concentrations in refinery streams .............................................................................. 122 Sources .................................................................................................................................................. 122 Appendix C: Speciated emissions from distillate oil storage tanks .......................................................... 123 Sources .................................................................................................................................................. 123 Appendix D: Tank description discrepancies in TCEQ DIAL study ............................................................ 124 Sources .................................................................................................................................................. 125 ii - Refinery Intermediate Product Literature Review Project: Final Report - List of acronyms and abbreviations AGO Atmospheric gas oil API American Petroleum Institute bbl Barrel BPCD Barrels per calendar day BPD Barrels per day BTX Benzene, toluene, xylene CBI Confidential business information CBO Carbon black oil CHGO Coker heavy gas oil CLGO Coker light gas oil CNF Catalytic naphtha fractionator cP Centipoise CPPI Canadian Petroleum Products Institute cSt Centistoke DAO Deasphalting oil DIAL Differential absorption light detection and ranging FBP Final boiling point FCCU Fluid catalytic cracking unit FIA Fluorescent indicator adsorption GC-MS Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy HCCN Heavy catalytic cracked naphtha HAP Hazardous air pollutant HDS Hydrodesulfurization HOOPS Hoover Offshore Oil Pipeline System HOST Heavy Oil Storage Tank Committee HPG Hydrogenated pyrolysis gasoline HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography HSR Heavy straight run HVGO Heavy vacuum gas oil IBP Initial boiling point LCCO Light cracker cycle oil LCO Light cycle oil LGO Light gas oil LPG Liquefied petroleum gas LT Less than LVGO Light vacuum gas oil MSDS Material safety data sheet MW Molecular weight n/a Not available nD20 Refractive index at the sodium D line at 20°C NMVOC Non-methane volatile organic compound OMB Office of Maintenance and Budget OPF Olefins plant feed Pa Pascal PAD Petroleum Administration for Defense iii - Refinery Intermediate Product Literature Review Project: Final Report - PAH Polyaromatic hydrocarbon PNA Polynuclear aromatic psia Pounds per square inch absolute ROSE Residuum oil supercritical extraction RVP Reid vapor pressure SDA Solvent deasphalting SR Straight run STARS State of Texas Air Reporting System TBP True boiling point TCEQ Texas Commission on Environmental Quality TVP True vapor pressure UN ILO United Nations International Labour Organization US EIA US Energy Information Administration US EPA US Environmental Protection Agency US NTP US National Toxicology Program VBA Visual BASIC for applications VGO Vacuum gas oil VOC Volatile organic compound iv Final Report Introduction This report is the Task 4 deliverable: final report for the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) project “Refinery Intermediate Product Literature Review” (TCEQ PGA No. 582-13-30089-FY14- 15, TCEQ Tracking No. 2014-22-PCR# 42253). The first deliverable was the Grant Activity Description with the quality assurance project plan, the second deliverable was a literature search review, and the third deliverable was a draft report. Methods for calculating estimates of petroleum-related storage emissions focus on crude oil and refinery products; emissions from storage tanks holding intermediate products at refineries are not generally included in illustrations of tank emissions. For example, the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (US EPA’s) TANKS 4.0 software does not have refinery intermediate product streams in its speciation library. This omission may be partly because of the variation in intermediate products. The composition of these products varies depending on the crude charge, refinery configuration and processes, and on operating conditions that are adjusted as markets change. Therefore, there is considerable variation in intermediates from refinery to refinery but also within the
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