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MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ Doutorado no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária MORPHOLOGICAL, MOLECULAR AND ECOLOGICAL INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY OF ACANTHOCEPHALA (ARCHIACANTHOCEPHALA) PARASITE OF BRAZILIAN WILDLIFE MAMMALS ANA PAULA NASCIMENTO GOMES Rio de Janeiro Maio de 2019 INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária ANA PAULA NASCIMENTO GOMES Morphological, molecular and ecological integrative taxonomy of Acanthocephala (Archiacanthocephala) parasite of Brazilian wildlife mammals Tese apresentada ao Instituto Oswaldo Cruz como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Orientador (es): Prof. Dr. Arnaldo Maldonado Júnior Prof. Dra. Natalie Olifiers RIO DE JANEIRO Maio de 2019 ii INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária AUTOR: ANA PAULA NASCIMENTO GOMES MORPHOLOGICAL, MOLECULAR AND ECOLOGICAL INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY OF ACANTHOCEPHALA (ARCHIACANTHOCEPHALA) PARASITE OF BRAZILIAN WILDLIFE MAMMALS ORIENTADOR (ES): Prof. Dr. Arnaldo Maldonado Júnior Prof. Dra. Natalie Olifiers Aprovada em: _____/_____/_____ EXAMINADORES: Prof. Dra. Cláudia Portes dos Santos – Presidente (Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz/RJ) Prof. Dr. Luiz Claudio Muniz Pereira (Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz/RJ) Prof. Dr. Eduardo José Lopes Torres (Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janiero - UERJ) Prof. Dra. Alena Mayo Iñiguez (Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz/RJ) Prof. Dra. Raquel de Oliveira Simões (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janiero – UFRRJ) Rio de Janeiro, 06 de maio de 2019 1 Anexar a cópia da Ata que será entregue pela SEAC já assinada. 2 Dedico a minha família, aos meus pais Maria Natividade e Sérgio Otávio, a minha irmã Cecília e meu namorado Erick que sempre me apoiaram e acreditam em mim. 3 AGRADECIMENTOS Gostaria de agradecer a minha família, ao meu pai Sérgio Otávio V. Gomes, minha mãe Maria Natividade N. Gomes e minha irmã Cecília N. Gomes pelo carinho, amor e paciência neste período que deselvolvi minha tese. Minha família sempre me mostrou o caminho do otimismo, com palavras que me levantaram no momento que me faltava ânimo para continuar a desenvolver este trabalho. Em especial, agradeço a minha irmã que sempre esteve ao meu lado em todos os momentos, de alegria e de choro neste período, inclusive em congressos, compartilhando seus conhecimentos pedagógicos, seu carinho e orgulho de eu me tornar uma pesquisadora. Agradeço também meu irmão de coração Diego de Souza que desde a graduação torceu e me apoiou até chegar neste momento que sempre sonhei. Agradeço a meu namorado Erick Castillo pelo carinho, paciência e por me compreender nos momentos mais difíceis nesta fase. Uma pessoa que tem me ensinado a ter auto-controle, ser menos ansiosa e também me ensina a cada vez mais a acreditar no meu sonho. Agradeço meu orientador Dr. Arnaldo Maldonado por me dar oportunidade de realizar este trabalho, por me ensinar a ser independente e compartilhar seus conhecimentos acadêmicos e de vida pessoal. A minha orientadora Dra. Natalie Olifiers que sempre acreditou no meu potencial. Agradeço pelo carinho, amizade e confiança durante toda minha formação desde a iniciação cientifica até este momento. Agradeço aos meus amigos do LABPRM, principalmente a Taina Monte, ao Thiago Cardoso, Bernardo Teixeira, Natalia Costa, Beatriz Elise, Raquel Simões, Raquel Gonzales, Joyce Souza, Michele Maria, Sócrates Neto, Juliana São Luis, Karina Varela, Renata Souza, Camila Lucio e Rute pelo carinho, pelas conversas, pelo momentos de risadas, pelo apoio na execução do trabalho, pelo apoio emocional e também em compartilhar conhecimentos. As minhas colaboradoras Dra. Rita Bianchi e Clarice Cesário pelo auxílio e amizade. Aos colegas e funcionários do LABPMR pela ajuda e carinho durante estes quatro anos de trabalho. 4 Agradeço ao Dr. Roberto Vilela por ensinar e compartilhar o conhecimento de filogenia molecular, por me ajudar nas análises e pela paciência em discutir meus resultados. Agardeço a Dra. Daniela Lopes e Dr. Marcelo Knoff que me atenderam com profissionalismo no empréstimo dos materiais na Coleção Helmintológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (CHIOC). Agradeço ao Ricardo Baptista por por ter me ajudado na parte de imagens e montagem das pranchas finais. Agradeço a secretária Sra. Rita Gomes por sempre atender com carinho e paciência, ajudando em todo momento de dúvidas para execução do trabalho. À Dra. Helene Santos Barbosa e Sra. Sandra Maria de Oliveira pela disponibilidade e ajuda no protocolo de preparação das amostras para Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura. À equipe da Plataforma de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura Rudolf Barth, em especial ao Sr. Roger que me atendeu com profissionalismo, auxiliando nas analises do material e produção das imagens. À equipe da Plataforma de Sequenciamento de DNA PDTIS/FIOCRUZ pelo atendimento e execução de qualidade para obtenção das sequencias. 5 “There is a driving force more powerful than steam, electricity and nuclear power: the will” Albert Einstein “Há uma força motriz mais poderosa que o vapor, a eletricidade e a energia atômica: a vontade” Albert Einstein 6 INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ TAXONOMIA INTEGRATIVA, MORFOLÓGICA, MOLECULAR E ECOLÓGICA DE ACANTHOCEPHALA (ARCHIACANTHOCEPHALA) PARASITOS DE MAMÍFEROS SILVETRES BRASILEIROS RESUMO TESE DE DOUTORADO EM BIOLOGIA PARASITÁRIA Ana Paula Nascimento Gomes O filo Acanthocephala é caracterizado por não possuir trato digestório e por apresentar na região anterior uma probóscide munida de ganchos que retrai-se para dentro de um receptáculo. Este grupo é dividido em quatro classes Archiacanthocephala, Palaeacanthocephala, Eoacanthocephala e Polyacanthocephala baseado em características morfológicas, biológicas e ecológicas. Dentre os filos dos helmintos estudados em mamíferos brasileiros, o filo Acanthocephala se destaca por apresentar lacunas no que se refere às informações taxonômicas, filogenéticas e ecológicas. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi realizar a taxonomia integrativa dos acantocéfalos recuperados em mamíferos das famílias Procyonidae, Myrmecophagidae e Cricetidae de diferentes regiões geográficas do Brasil, armazenados e disponibilizados pela coleção do Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios (LABPMR) utilizando características morfologicas, moleculares e ecológicas. Os acantocéfalos recuperados foram identificados através da microscopia de luz (ML) e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Foi também realizada a análise filogenética molecular dos acantocéfalos com os marcadores moleculares do gene ribossomal da subunidade maior (28S rRNA) e do gene mitocondrial citocromo oxidase da subunidade 1 (MT-CO1). Além disto, foi determinada a prevalência e abundância dos ovos de Acanthocephala através da análise coproparasitológica de fezes de quati Nasua nasua e de cachorro-do-mato Cerdocyon thous, avaliando a influencia dos fatores bióticos e abióticos na infecção. Os espécimes de acantocéfalos foram descritos e identificados em duas novas espécies Pachysentis n. sp. (Archiacanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) parasitando Nasua nasua (quati) proveniente do Mato Grosso do Sul do bioma Pantanal e Moniliformis n. sp. (Archiacanthocephala: Moniliformidae) em Necromys lasiurus (ratinho-do-cerrado) da região de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais do bioma Cerrado; e redescrita a espécie Gigantorhynchus echinodiscus (Archiacanthocephala: Gigantorhynchidae) em Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Tamanduá-bandeira) da Estação Ecológica Santa Bárbara, São Paulo, bioma cerrado. As análises filogenéticas moleculares sugeriram que a espécie G. echinosdichus está relacionada com Mediorhynchus sp. formando um grupo monofilético, assim como Moniliformis n. sp. está relacionado com as espécies do gênero Moniliformis também formando grupo monofilético. A análise ecológica foi realizada com 118 amostras fecais de 55 espécimes de cachorro-do-mato e 72 amostras fecais de 61 espécimes de quatis sugerindo a influência da sazonalidade na abundância dos acantocéfalos para ambos os hospedeiros e que os atributos relacionados ao hospedeiro como sexo e idade também constituíram fatores importantes associados à prevalência e às cargas parasitárias. O presente trabalho acrescentou informações morfológicas, moleculares e ecológicas, enfatizando a importância de adotar abordagem da taxonomia integrativa nos estudos com Acanthocephala. 7 INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ MORPHOLOGICAL, MOLECULAR AND ECOLOGICAL INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY OF ACANTHOCEPHALA (ARCHIACANTHOCEPHALA) PARASITE OF BRAZILIAN WILDLIFE MAMMALS ABSTRACT PHD THESIS IN PARASITE BIOLOGY Ana Paula Nascimento Gomes The phylum acanthocephala is characterized by the presence of a proboscis armed with hooks, which retracts into receptacle, and lack of alimentary tract. This group is divided in four classes Archiacanthocephala, Palaeacanthocephala, Eoacanthocephala and Polyacanthocephala based on morphological, biological and ecological characteristics. Among the helminths studied in Brazilian mammals, the phylum Acanthocephala have a lack of taxonomic, phylogenetic and ecological information. 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  • Biosecurity Amendment (Schedules to Act) Regulation 2017 Under the Biosecurity Act 2015

    Biosecurity Amendment (Schedules to Act) Regulation 2017 Under the Biosecurity Act 2015

    New South Wales Biosecurity Amendment (Schedules to Act) Regulation 2017 under the Biosecurity Act 2015 His Excellency the Governor, with the advice of the Executive Council, has made the following Regulation under the Biosecurity Act 2015. NIALL BLAIR, MLC Minister for Primary Industries Explanatory note The objects of this Regulation are: (a) to update the lists of pests and diseases of plants, pests and diseases of animals, diseases of aquatic animals, pest marine and freshwater finfish and pest marine invertebrates (set out in Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Biosecurity Act 2015 (the Act)) that are prohibited matter throughout the State, and (b) to update the description (set out in Part 2 of Schedule 2 to the Act) of the part of the State in which Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Grapevine phylloxera) is a prohibited matter, and (c) to include (in Schedule 3 to the Act) lists of non-indigenous amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles in respect of which dealings are prohibited or permitted, and (d) to provide (in Schedule 4 to the Act) that certain dealings with bees and certain non-indigenous animals require biosecurity registration, and (e) to update savings and transitional provisions with respect to existing licences (in Schedule 7 to the Act). This Regulation is made under the Biosecurity Act 2015, including sections 27 (4), 151 (2), 153 (2) and 404 (the general regulation-making power) and clause 1 (1) and (5) of Schedule 7. Published LW 2 June 2017 (2017 No 230) Biosecurity Amendment (Schedules to Act) Regulation 2017 [NSW] Biosecurity Amendment (Schedules to Act) Regulation 2017 under the Biosecurity Act 2015 1 Name of Regulation This Regulation is the Biosecurity Amendment (Schedules to Act) Regulation 2017.
  • Gastrointestinal Parasites of Maned Wolf

    Gastrointestinal Parasites of Maned Wolf

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.20013 Original Article Gastrointestinal parasites of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus, Illiger 1815) in a suburban area in southeastern Brazil Massara, RL.a*, Paschoal, AMO.a and Chiarello, AG.b aPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo de Vida Silvestre – ECMVS, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil bDepartamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil *e-mail: [email protected] Received: November 7, 2013 – Accepted: January 21, 2014 – Distributed: August 31, 2015 (With 3 figures) Abstract We examined 42 maned wolf scats in an unprotected and disturbed area of Cerrado in southeastern Brazil. We identified six helminth endoparasite taxa, being Phylum Acantocephala and Family Trichuridae the most prevalent. The high prevalence of the Family Ancylostomatidae indicates a possible transmission via domestic dogs, which are abundant in the study area. Nevertheless, our results indicate that the endoparasite species found are not different from those observed in protected or least disturbed areas, suggesting a high resilience of maned wolf and their parasites to human impacts, or a common scenario of disease transmission from domestic dogs to wild canid whether in protected or unprotected areas of southeastern Brazil. Keywords: Chrysocyon brachyurus, impacted area, parasites, scat analysis. Parasitas gastrointestinais de lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus, Illiger 1815) em uma área suburbana no sudeste do Brasil Resumo Foram examinadas 42 fezes de lobo-guará em uma área desprotegida e perturbada do Cerrado no sudeste do Brasil.
  • Coptodon Zillii (Redbelly Tilapia) Ecological Risk Screening Summary

    Coptodon Zillii (Redbelly Tilapia) Ecological Risk Screening Summary

    Redbelly Tilapia (Coptodon zillii) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, May 2019 Revised, September 2019 Web Version, 11/18/2019 Photo: J. Hoover, Waterways Experiment Station, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. Public domain. Available: https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=485. (May 2019). 1 Native Range and Status in the United States Native Range From Froese and Pauly (2019a): “Africa and Eurasia: South Morocco, Sahara, Niger-Benue system, rivers Senegal, Sassandra, Bandama, Boubo, Mé, Comoé, Bia, Ogun and Oshun, Volta system, Chad-Shari system [Teugels and Thys van den Audenaerde 1991], middle Congo River basin in the Ubangi, Uele [Thys van den Audenaerde 1964], Itimbiri, Aruwimi [Thys van den Audenaerde 1964; Decru 2015], Lindi- 1 Tshopo [Decru 2015] and Wagenia Falls [Moelants 2015] in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lakes Albert [Thys van den Audenaerde 1964] and Turkana, Nile system and Jordan system [Teugels and Thys van den Audenaerde 1991].” Froese and Pauly (2019a) list the following countries as part of the native range of Coptodon zillii: Algeria, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Israel, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, and Western Sahara. Status in the United States From NatureServe (2019): “Introduced and established in ponds and other waters in Maricopa County, Arizona; irrigation canals in Coachella, Imperial, and Palo Verde valleys, California; and headwater springs of San Antonio River, Bexar County, Texas; common (Page and Burr 1991). Established also in the Carolinas, Hawaii, and possibly in Florida and Nevada (Robins et al.