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WL865E4-P PCB Integration Application Note

80613NT11771A Rev 1.3 – 2019-08-06

WL865E4-P PCB Antenna Integration Application Note

SPECIFICATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE

NOTICE

While reasonable efforts have been made to assure the accuracy of this document, Telit assumes no liability resulting from any inaccuracies or omissions in this document, or from use of the information obtained herein. The information in this document has been carefully checked and is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies or omissions. Telit reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein and reserves the right to revise this document and to make changes from time to time in content hereof with no obligation to notify any person of revisions or changes. Telit does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product, software, or circuit described herein; neither does it convey license under its patent rights or the rights of others. It is possible that this publication may contain references to, or information about Telit products (machines and programs), programming, or services that are not announced in your country. Such references or information must not be construed to mean that Telit intends to announce such Telit products, programming, or services in your country. COPYRIGHTS

This instruction manual and the Telit products described in this instruction manual may be, include or describe copyrighted Telit material, such as computer programs stored in semiconductor memories or other media. Laws in the Italy and other countries preserve for Telit and its licensors certain exclusive rights for copyrighted material, including the exclusive right to copy, reproduce in any form, distribute and make derivative works of the copyrighted material. Accordingly, any copyrighted material of Telit and its licensors contained herein or in the Telit products described in this instruction manual may not be copied, reproduced, distributed, merged or modified in any manner without the express written permission of Telit. Furthermore, the purchase of Telit products shall not be deemed to grant either directly or by implication, estoppel, or otherwise, any license under the copyrights, patents or patent applications of Telit, as arises by operation of law in the sale of a product. COMPUTER SOFTWARE COPYRIGHTS

The Telit and 3rd Party supplied Software (SW) products described in this instruction manual may include copyrighted Telit and other 3rd Party supplied computer programs stored in semiconductor memories or other media. Laws in the Italy and other countries preserve for Telit and other 3rd Party supplied SW certain exclusive rights for copyrighted computer programs, including the exclusive right to copy or reproduce in any form the copyrighted computer program. Accordingly, any copyrighted Telit or other 3rd Party supplied SW computer programs contained in the Telit products described in this instruction manual may not be copied (reverse engineered) or reproduced in any manner without the express written permission of Telit or the 3rd Party SW supplier. Furthermore, the purchase of Telit products shall not be deemed to grant either directly or by implication, estoppel, or otherwise, any license under the copyrights, patents or patent applications of Telit or other 3rd Party supplied SW, except for the normal non-exclusive, royalty free license to use that arises by operation of law in the sale of a product.

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USAGE AND DISCLOSURE RESTRICTIONS

I. License Agreements

The software described in this document is the property of Telit and its licensors. It is furnished by express license agreement only and may be used only in accordance with the terms of such an agreement. II. Copyrighted Materials

Software and documentation are copyrighted materials. Making unauthorized copies is prohibited by law. No part of the software or documentation may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of Telit III. High Risk Materials

Components, units, or third-party products used in the product described herein are NOT fault-tolerant and are NOT designed, manufactured, or intended for use as on-line control equipment in the following hazardous environments requiring fail-safe controls: the operation of Nuclear Facilities, Aircraft Navigation or Aircraft Communication Systems, Air Traffic Control, Life Support, or Weapons Systems (High Risk Activities"). Telit and its supplier(s) specifically disclaim any expressed or implied warranty of fitness for such High- Risk Activities. IV. Trademarks

TELIT and the Stylized T Logo are registered in Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. V. Third Party Rights

The software may include Third Party Right software. In this case you agree to comply with all terms and conditions imposed on you in respect of such separate software. In addition to Third Party Terms, the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provisions in this License shall apply to the Third-Party Right software. TELIT HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED FROM ANY THIRD PARTIES REGARDING ANY SEPARATE FILES, ANY THIRD PARTY MATERIALS INCLUDED IN THE SOFTWARE, ANY THIRD PARTY MATERIALS FROM WHICH THE SOFTWARE IS DERIVED (COLLECTIVELY “OTHER CODE”), AND THE USE OF ANY OR ALL THE OTHER CODE IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE, INCLUDING (WITHOUT LIMITATION) ANY WARRANTIES OF SATISFACTORY QUALITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO THIRD PARTY LICENSORS OF OTHER CODE SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOST PROFITS), HOWEVER CAUSED AND WHETHER MADE UNDER CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHER LEGAL THEORY, ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE OTHER CODE OR THE EXERCISE OF ANY RIGHTS GRANTED UNDER EITHER OR BOTH THIS LICENSE AND THE LEGAL TERMS APPLICABLE TO ANY SEPARATE FILES, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

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APPLICABILITY TABLE

PRODUCTS

WL865E4-P

Note: The features described in the present document are provided by the products equipped with the software versions equal or higher than the versions shown in the table. See also the Document History chapter.

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CONTENTS

NOTICE ...... 2

COPYRIGHTS ...... 2

COMPUTER SOFTWARE COPYRIGHTS ...... 2

USAGE AND DISCLOSURE RESTRICTIONS ...... 3

APPLICABILITY TABLE ...... 4

CONTENTS ...... 5

FIGURE ...... 7

TABLES ...... 8

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 9 Overview...... 9 Terminology ...... 9

2. ANTENNA DESIGN ...... 10 Antenna Design Application ...... 10 Mechanical Data and Consideration ...... 10 Electrical (RF) data and considerations ...... 10

3. RF PERFORMANCE ...... 12 Wi-Fi ...... 12 3.1.1. Return Loss ...... 12 3.1.2. Wi-Fi Radiation Efficiency and Peak Gain ...... 13 3.1.3. ...... 14 BT ...... 17 3.2.1. Return Loss ...... 17 3.2.2. BT Radiation Efficiency and peak Gain ...... 18 3.2.3. Radiation Pattern ...... 19

4. ISOLATION BETWEEN WI-FI AND BT ANTENNAS ...... 21

5. ANTENNA DIMENSION ...... 22

6. ANTENNA PLACEMENT AND INTEGRATION RULES ...... 23 Antenna Placing...... 23 Minimal PCB Design ...... 23 6.2.1. Wi-Fi Antenna ...... 24 6.2.2. BT Antenna ...... 24

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7. ...... 26

8. MATCHING CIRCUITS ...... 27

9. ANTENNA DESIGN WORKFLOW ...... 28 Mechanical Dimension ...... 28 Design Workflow ...... 29

10. CERTIFICATIONS ...... 30 EU-RED ...... 30 US-FCC ...... 30 CA-ISED ...... 31

DOCUMENT HISTORY ...... 32

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Figure

Figure 1: Return Loss of the Wi-Fi Antenna ...... 12 Figure 2: Radiated Efficiency and Peak Gain of the Wi-Fi antenna ...... 13 Figure 3: 3D Radiation Pattern of the Wi-Fi antenna, f = 2440MHz ...... 14 Figure 4: 3D Radiation Pattern of the Wi-Fi antenna from different cuts, f = 2440MHz .. 15 Figure 5: 3D Radiation Pattern of the Wi-Fi antenna, f = 5500MHz ...... 15 Figure 6: 3D Radiation Pattern of the Wi-Fi antenna from different cuts, f = 5500MHz .. 16 Figure 7: Return Loss of the BT antenna ...... 17 Figure 8: Radiated Efficiency and Peak Gain of the BT antenna ...... 18 Figure 9: 3D Radiation Pattern of the BT antenna, f = 2440MHz ...... 19 Figure 10: 3D Radiation Pattern of the BT antenna from different cuts, f = 2440MHz.... 20 Figure 11: Isolation between Wi-Fi and BT Antennas ...... 21 Figure 12: Dimensions of Two Antenna Components ...... 22 Figure 13: Antenna Placement ...... 23 Figure 14: Wi-FI PCB ...... 24 Figure 15: BT PCB ...... 24 Figure 16: Correct RF Transmission line Area ...... 26 Figure 17: Pi-network ...... 27 Figure 18: Wi-Fi Antenna ...... 28 Figure 19: BT Antenna ...... 28 Figure 20: Antenna Design Workflow ...... 29

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Tables

Table 1:- Glossary of Terms ...... 9 Table 2: Minimal Electrical Performances ...... 10 Table 3: Electrical Performances of the reference Design ...... 10

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1. INTRODUCTION

This document provides detailed information about WE866E4-P PCB Antenna Integration.

Overview It demonstrates an example of Wi-Fi and BT PCB antennas integrated for WL865E4-P Telit module. The example has two antennas design - one for 2.4GHz – 5GHz dual band Wi-Fi antenna and another for 2.4GHz single band BT antenna. Practical examples are presented to explain the integration rules.

Terminology The following table lists the different terminologies used in this document.

Term Explanation

RF Frequency

BT Bluetooth

EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power

PCB Printed Circuit Board

NM Input or Output

DXF Drawing Interchange Formats

Table 1:- Glossary of Terms

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2. ANTENNA DESIGN The design covers the following frequency bands: Wi-Fi antenna: -2.4 - 2.5GHz and 4.9-5.9GHz bands BT antenna: -2.4 - 2.5GHz Advantages of this design: • PCB independent design, zero thickness design • High efficiency • High input impedance Antenna Design Application It is possible to use this design for every application using the Telit WL865E4-P module. The only restriction is the minimal PCB dimensions to integrate the antennas (see chapter 6Antenna Placement and Integration Rules). Mechanical Data and Consideration The antennas are made with the same material of the PCB: conductor, copper and dielectric support - FR4 with relative dielectric constant of 4.5. The dielectric thickness is 1.6 mm, it is possible to tune the antennas upon different dielectric thickness from 1 to 1.6mm. Electrical (RF) data and considerations The electrical data would slightly change for every design, due to the material used and the environment around the antenna (metallic object, case of the device etc..). With the intrusion from this guide, the efficiency of both antennas will be greater or in line with any dielectric (ceramic or similar) antenna in the market. The efficiency in both bands greater than 50% (-3dB).

Wi-Fi Antenna BT Antenna

f range 2.4 - 2.5GHz 4.9 - 5.9GHz 2.4 - 2.5GHz

EIRP 0 – 4dBi* 0 – 4 dBi* Around 4dBi

Efficiency [dBi], [%] > -3dBi, 50% > -3dBi, 50% > -3dBi, 50%

Return loss on the edges < -10 dB < -10 dB < -10 dB Table 2: Minimal Electrical Performances

* depends on PCB’s dimension

Wi-Fi Antenna BT Antenna

f range 2.4 - 2.5GHz 4.9 - 5.9GHz 2.4 - 2.5GHz

EIRP 3 dBi 2 dBi 3.8 – 4.0 dBi

Efficiency [dBi], [%] -2.5 dBi, 60% -3dBi, 50% > -2dBi, 60%

Return loss on the edges -15.0 -14.0 dB -12.8 -16.8 dB -10.8 -11.5 dB Table 3: Electrical Performances of the reference Design

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Note: Data is measured with a 0.085’’ semirigid cable of 50mm long.

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3. RF PERFORMANCE

Wi-Fi

3.1.1. Return Loss Measurements are in Quasi free space.

Figure 1: Return Loss of the Wi-Fi Antenna

Marker M1-M2 is the low band and marker M3-M4 is the upper band.

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3.1.2. Wi-Fi Radiation Efficiency and Peak Gain

Figure 2: Radiated Efficiency and Peak Gain of the Wi-Fi antenna

Lower range is 2.4-2.5GHz band, upper range is 4.9-5.9GHz.

Yellow trace is the efficiency, blue trace is the EIRP (max in one direction).

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3.1.3. Radiation Pattern 3.1.3.1. 2.45GHz

Figure 3: 3D Radiation Pattern of the Wi-Fi antenna, f = 2440MHz

Phy: 0 – Theta: 0

Phy: 0 – Theta: 90

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Phy: 90 – Theta: 90 Figure 4: 3D Radiation Pattern of the Wi-Fi antenna from different cuts, f = 2440MHz

3.1.3.2. 5.5GHz

Figure 5: 3D Radiation Pattern of the Wi-Fi antenna, f = 5500MHz

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Phy: 0 – Theta: 0

Phy: 0 – Theta: 90

Phy: 90 – Theta: 90 Figure 6: 3D Radiation Pattern of the Wi-Fi antenna from different cuts, f = 5500MHz

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BT

3.2.1. Return Loss

Figure 7: Return Loss of the BT antenna

Marker M1-M2 is for BT band and marker M3-M4 is for upper Wi-Fi band.

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3.2.2. BT Radiation Efficiency and peak Gain

Figure 8: Radiated Efficiency and Peak Gain of the BT antenna

Lower range is for the BT 2.4-2.5GHz and upper range is for Wi-Fi band 4.9-5.9GHz.

Yellow trace is the efficiency and blue trace is the EIRP.

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3.2.3. Radiation Pattern 3.2.3.1. 2.440GHz

Figure 9: 3D Radiation Pattern of the BT antenna, f = 2440MHz

Phy: 0 – Theta: 0

Phy: 0 – Theta: 90

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Phy: 90 – Theta: 90 Figure 10: 3D Radiation Pattern of the BT antenna from different cuts, f = 2440MHz

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4. ISOLATION BETWEEN WI-FI AND BT ANTENNAS A good isolation between Wi-Fi and BT antennas is very necessary. It is strongly recommended to maintain an isolation greater than 12dB between both antennas. Wi-Fi and BT antennas must be well isolated (> 12dB) with respect to any other antenna from a different RF transceiver like Cellular, GNSS, etc.

Figure 11: Isolation between Wi-Fi and BT Antennas

M1-M2 is for BT and Wi-Fi lower band while M3-M4 is for Wi-Fi upper band.

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5. ANTENNA DIMENSION The following figure shows the dimensions of the two antenna components:

Figure 12: Dimensions of Two Antenna Components

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6. ANTENNA PLACEMENT AND INTEGRATION RULES Antenna Placing Good isolation between antennas is -12dB but the value lower than -10dB is acceptable. Following is the graphical representation of the antenna’s placement goodness.

Figure 13: Antenna Placement

The green rectangle represents the PCB, the two orange small rectangles at the border are the antennas. A and B are the best options, to place the antennas in your design. C and D are good placing areas, while E and F are NON suggested options. Minimal PCB Design For small PCB dimension, it is strongly recommended to choose option A and B in Figure 12: Dimensions of Two Antenna Components.

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6.2.1. Wi-Fi Antenna

Figure 14: Wi-Fi PCB

The green part of the drawing is the copper and gray part is the substrate. Any layer under the top layer should be empty. A and B arrows represent the distances from the . If possible, keep those distances as big as possible. The B distance to ground has less influence in the antenna performance than the A distance. A distance should be kept as big as possible. Blue ellipse is the transition from transmission line to antenna feed. Yellow rectangle is the area of the antenna. Following suggestions reduces performance degradation of Wi-Fi antenna: 1. Use the white line as the main ground reference of the antenna. 2. Keep “A” distance as big as possible. If possible, keep clean up to the corner. If not, it could be necessary to retune the antenna. 3. Keep “B” distance to ground at least 7mm. If not, it could be necessary to retune the antenna. 4. Blue ellipse is the transition from antenna feed to transmission line. Keep the same topology. They should be correctly aligned with respect to ground.

6.2.2. BT Antenna

Figure 15: BT PCB

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The green part of the drawing is the copper and gray part is the substrate. Any layer under the top layer should be empty. The B arrow represents the distance from the ground. The ground “A” relates to the antenna. B distance from the ground is fixed. Blue ellipse is the transition from transmission line to the antenna feed. Yellow rectangle is the area of the antenna. Following suggestions reduces performance degradation of BT antenna: 1. Use the orange line as the main ground reference of the antenna. 2. Distance to ground “A” and “B” are fixed and must be kept as show in the above figure. 3. Blue ellipse is the transition from antenna feed to transmission line. Keep the same topology. They should be correctly aligned with respect to ground.

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7. TRANSMISSION LINE The transmission line must be designed with of 50Ohm. We suggest a width of the transmission line around 0.7mm (same width of the RF pads). The length of the transmission line should be kept minimum. Pay attention to maintain characteristic impedance of 50Ohm in every section of the transmission line, avoiding 90° angle. To change direction, use smooth curvature, avoiding impedance steps between module’s RF pads and transmission lines and on matching circuits areas. Once the material of the PCB is chosen, along with PCB thickness and dielectric constant, a grounded coplanar transmission line can be easily designed using any transmission line characteristic impedance calculator.

Figure 16: Correct RF Transmission line Area

Example of correct RF transmission line area where it is possible to observe that the width of the RF pads and the width of the coplanar transmission line are similar, also the change of direction are smooth, avoiding 90° bending. The presence of the many close path helps isolating the transmission line.

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8. MATCHING CIRCUITS This antenna design works without a matching network. If space is not a problem, then we suggest the insertion of a Pi type matching network circuitry for both Wi-Fi and BT antennas. The reference circuits are: Shunt NM – Shunt NM – 0 Ohm series - Shunt NM – Shunt NM. If necessary, this circuitry will be used during final antenna impedance tuning process. Following is the representation of the matching Pi-network:

Figure 17: Pi-network

The transition between the transmission line and matching network must not disturb the characteristic impedance of the transmission line.

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9. ANTENNA DESIGN WORKFLOW Mechanical Dimension The detailed mechanical dimensions of the two antennas can be provided either in DXF or Gerber format. Please contact Telit for the same.

Figure 18: Wi-Fi Antenna

Figure 19: BT Antenna

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Design Workflow

Figure 20: Antenna Design Workflow

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10. CERTIFICATIONS For Antenna Change: EU-RED 1 The module is CE marked as a radio. 2 The manufacturer of the product must fully “assess” the final product to the requirements of the RED. 3 Installer of a CE marked radio module becomes the radio product manufacturer. 4 The radio module assessment remains separate from the assessment of the host. 5 The integrator shall follow module’s installation instruction. 6 RF exposure would be considered at the level of the final product. a. MPE calculations may be trusted from the module. b. SAR testing would be performed on the host. 7 Notified Bodies can be useful for assessing the testing result of the final host product and issuing an EU Type Examination Certificate to the RED. 8 DoC must be applicable to the final host product, antenna may be relevant and therefore are listed on the DoC. 9 The integrator shall follow Module’s Hardware User Guide. a. Changes in the antenna type and gain shall be considered during the host device conformity assessment for CE/RED. b. If the radio can transmit more than 20mW output power and the final radio equipment is used at the same distance from a person or a domesticated animal as the radio module was assessed. For example, >20cms, then the final radio module assessment could conclude that the final radio product is complaint with the RF exposure requirement without additional actions. c. The final application shall be fully assessed to Article 3.1a of the RED, for product safety.

US-FCC 1 It is a modular approval and single (Full)-15.212. 2 Used on any host and the host label: “Contains FCC ID: XXXYYYYY”. 3 Must meet part 15 antenna requirements. 4 NO co-location with other . 5 Must be >20cm from a person (intended use). 6 Mobile or portable and safe distance for RF exposure. 7 Output power is listed on FCC grant (when available). 8 It does not mean that the host system is certified when the module is installed. a. “Reduced certification” at the host level. b. Reduction of testing. 9 Clarification in the new modular KDB 996369. 10 The integrator shall follow Module’s Hardware User Guide. a. Antenna reference trace design is authorized as part of the module. b. A change in is possible through a Class II permissive change by contacting the module grantee. c. In order to be able to use Telit’s FCC certification, the antenna gain on the application board should be equal or less than the one recommended by Telit. d. In case where the modular transmitter is certified based on the ERP/EIRP or radiated strength, it may not be possible to increase the antenna gain without corresponding reduction in the transmitter output conducted power.

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CA-ISED 1 It is a modular approval (MA). 2 Used on any host and the host label: “Contains FCC ID: XXXYYYYY”. 3 Must meet RSP-100 SECTION 5 &annex D. 4 Must be >20cm from a person (intended use). 5 Mobile or portable and safe distance for RF exposure. 6 It does not mean that the host system is certified when the module is installed a. “Reduced certification” at the host level. b. Reduction of testing. 7 The integrator shall follow Module’s Hardware User Guide. a. Antenna reference trace design is authorized as part of the module. b. In order to be able to use Telit’s FCC certification, the antenna gain on the application board should be equal or less than the one recommended by Telit. c. Shall be followed RSS-GEN $6.8 for antenna requirements. d. A change in antenna shall need Class II or Class IV permissive change.

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DOCUMENT HISTORY

Revision Date Changes

0 2019-05-22 First issue

1 2019-05-23 Added drawing with the quotas of the antenna

1.1 2019-05-24 Layout changing

1.2 2019-05-28 Grammar review

1.3 2019-08-06 Updated to document to Telit standards

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