Selecting Antennas for Low-Power Wireless Applications by Audun Andersen Table 1
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Antenna Tuning for WCDMA RF Front End
Antenna tuning for WCDMA RF front end Reema Sidhwani School of Electrical Engineering Thesis submitted for examination for the degree of Master of Science in Technology. Espoo 20.11.2012 Thesis supervisor: Prof. Olav Tirkkonen Thesis instructor: MSc. Janne Peltonen Aalto University School of Electrical A’’ Engineering aalto university abstract of the school of electrical engineering master's thesis Author: Reema Sidhwani Title: Antenna tuning for WCDMA RF front end Date: 20.11.2012 Language: English Number of pages:6+64 Department of Radio Communications Professorship: Communication Theory Code: S-72 Supervisor: Prof. Olav Tirkkonen Instructor: MSc. Janne Peltonen Modern mobile handsets or so called Smart-phones are not just capable of commu- nicating over a wide range of radio frequencies and of supporting various wireless technologies. They also include a range of peripheral devices like camera, key- board, larger display, flashlight etc. The provision to support such a large feature set in a limited size, constraints the designers of RF front ends to make compro- mises in the design and placement of the antenna which deteriorates its perfor- mance. The surroundings of the antenna especially when it comes in contact with human body, adds to the degradation in its performance. The main reason for the degraded performance is the mismatch of impedance between the antenna and the radio transceiver which causes part of the transmitted power to be reflected back. The loss of power reduces the power amplifier efficiency and leads to shorter battery life. Moreover the reflected power increases the noise floor of the receiver and reduces its sensitivity. -
Multi Application Antenna for Wi-Fi, Wi-Max and Bluetooth for Better Radiation Efficiency
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS) - Volume-1, Issue-4, July 2015 ISSN: 2395-3470 ` www.ijseas.com Multi Application Antenna for Wi-Fi, Wi-max and Bluetooth for better radiation efficiency Hina D.Pal, J.Jenifer, Kavitha Balamurugan, M.E,Suntheravel, PG student, PG student, Associate Prof. Assistant Prof. KCG College of technology, KCG College of technology, KCG College of technology, KCG College of technology, Karapakkam, Karapakkam, Karapakkam, Karapakkam, Chennai-600097 Chennai-600097 Chennai-600097 Chennai-600097 ABSTRACT: Microstrip antenna is a printed type antenna This paper presents the radiation performance of rectangular consisting of a dielectric substrate sandwiched in patch antenna having a two slots. The design is used for between a ground plane and a patch. In this project three different frequencies 2.4, 5 and 7GHz . As a substrate Micro strip patch antenna technology is used for material Cu_clad is used. The simulated results for this different application for different frequencies antenna are obtained by varying the length and width of different materials are used for better efficiency. three dipoles.The results indicate that rectangular patch antenna with two slots offers a good antenna efficiency 41.576 at 2.45 GHz,51.958 at 5 GHz,46.810 at 7 GHz with the input feed 50 Ohm. Desired patch antenna design was simulated by ADS simulator program. ADS supports every step of the design process—schematic capture, layout, frequency-domain and time-domain circuit simulation, and electromagnetic field simulation, allowing the engineer to fully characterize and optimize an RF design without changing tools. -
Radiometry and the Friis Transmission Equation Joseph A
Radiometry and the Friis transmission equation Joseph A. Shaw Citation: Am. J. Phys. 81, 33 (2013); doi: 10.1119/1.4755780 View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4755780 View Table of Contents: http://ajp.aapt.org/resource/1/AJPIAS/v81/i1 Published by the American Association of Physics Teachers Related Articles The reciprocal relation of mutual inductance in a coupled circuit system Am. J. Phys. 80, 840 (2012) Teaching solar cell I-V characteristics using SPICE Am. J. Phys. 79, 1232 (2011) A digital oscilloscope setup for the measurement of a transistor’s characteristic curves Am. J. Phys. 78, 1425 (2010) A low cost, modular, and physiologically inspired electronic neuron Am. J. Phys. 78, 1297 (2010) Spreadsheet lock-in amplifier Am. J. Phys. 78, 1227 (2010) Additional information on Am. J. Phys. Journal Homepage: http://ajp.aapt.org/ Journal Information: http://ajp.aapt.org/about/about_the_journal Top downloads: http://ajp.aapt.org/most_downloaded Information for Authors: http://ajp.dickinson.edu/Contributors/contGenInfo.html Downloaded 07 Jan 2013 to 153.90.120.11. Redistribution subject to AAPT license or copyright; see http://ajp.aapt.org/authors/copyright_permission Radiometry and the Friis transmission equation Joseph A. Shaw Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717 (Received 1 July 2011; accepted 13 September 2012) To more effectively tailor courses involving antennas, wireless communications, optics, and applied electromagnetics to a mixed audience of engineering and physics students, the Friis transmission equation—which quantifies the power received in a free-space communication link—is developed from principles of optical radiometry and scalar diffraction. -
ANTENNAS for LOW POWER APPLICATIONS Basic Full
ANTENNAS FOR LOW POWER APPLICATIONS By Kent Smith Introduction: There seems to be little information on compact antenna design for the low power wireless field. Good antenna design is required to realize good range performance. A good antenna requires it to be the right type for the application. It also must be matched and tuned to the transmitter and receiver. To get the best results, a designer should have an idea about how the antenna works, and what the important design considerations are. This paper should help to achieve effective antenna design. Some Terms: Wavelength; Important for determination of antenna length, this is the distance that the radio wave travels during one complete cycle of the wave. This length is inversely proportional to the frequency and may be calculated by: wavelength (cm)=30000 / frequency (Mhz). Groundplane; A solid conductive area that is an important part of RF design techniques. These are usually used in transmitter and receiver circuits. An example is where most of the traces will be routed on the topside of the board, and the bottom will be a mostly solid copper area. The groundplane helps to reduce stray reactances and radiation. Of course, the antenna line needs to run away from the groundplane. dB, or decibel; A logarithmic scale used to show power gain or loss in an rf circuit. +3 dB is twice the power, while -3 dB is one half. It takes 6 dB to double or halve the radiating distance, due to the inverse square law. The Basic Antenna, and how it works. An antenna can be defined as any wire, or conductor, that carries a pulsing or alternating current. -
Development of Earth Station Receiving Antenna and Digital Filter Design Analysis for C-Band VSAT
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 3, ISSUE 6, JUNE 2014 ISSN 2277-8616 Development of Earth Station Receiving Antenna and Digital Filter Design Analysis for C-Band VSAT Su Mon Aye, Zaw Min Naing, Chaw Myat New, Hla Myo Tun Abstract: This paper describes the performance improvement of C-band VSAT receiving antenna. In this work, the gain and efficiency of C-band VSAT have been evaluated and then the reflector design is developed with the help of ICARA and MATLAB environment. The proposed design meets the good result of antenna gain and efficiency. The typical gain of prime focus parabolic reflector antenna is 30 dB to 40dB. And the efficiency is 60% to 80% with the good antenna design. By comparing with the typical values, the proposed C-band VSAT antenna design is well optimized with gain of 38dB and efficiency of 78%. In this paper, the better design with compromise gain performance of VSAT receiving parabolic antenna using ICARA software tool and the calculation of C-band downlink path loss is also described. The particular prime focus parabolic reflector antenna is applied for this application and gain of antenna, radiation pattern with far field, near field and the optimized antenna efficiency is also developed. The objective of this paper is to design the downlink receiving antenna of VSAT satellite ground segment with excellent gain and overall antenna efficiency. The filter design analysis is base on Kaiser window method and the simulation results are also presented in this paper. Index Terms: prime focus parabolic reflector antenna, satellite, efficiency, gain, path loss, VSAT. -
Design and Implementation of T-Shaped Planar Antenna for MIMO Applications
Computers, Materials & Continua Tech Science Press DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018793 Article Design and Implementation of T-Shaped Planar Antenna for MIMO Applications T. Prabhu1,* and S. Chenthur Pandian2 1Department of ECE, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641035, Tamil Nadu, India 2Department of EEE, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641035, Tamil Nadu, India *Corresponding Author: T. Prabhu. Email: [email protected] Received: 21 March 2021; Accepted: 26 April 2021 Abstract: This paper proposes, demonstrates, and describes a basic T-shaped Multi-Input and Multi-Output (MIMO) antenna with a resonant frequency of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. Compared with the U-shaped antenna, the mutual coupling is minimized by using a T-shaped patch antenna. The T-shaped patch antenna shapes filter properties are tested to achieve separation over the 3.1 to 10.6 GHz frequency range. The parametric analysis, including width, duration, and spacing, is designed in the MIMO applications for good isolation. On the FR4 substratum, the configuration of MIMO is simulated. The appropriate dielec- tric material εr = 4.4 is introduced using this contribution and application array feature of the MIMO systems. In this paper, FR4 is used due to its high dielectric strength and low cost. For 3.1 to 10.6 GHz and 3SRR, T-shaped patch antennas are used in the field to increase bandwidth. The suggested T- shaped MIMO antenna is calculated according to the HFSS 13.0 program simulation performances. The antenna suggested is, therefore, a successful WLAN candidate. Keywords: Multi-input and multi-output; FR4 substratum; t-shaped patch antennas; ISM band; HFSS 13.0; WLAN 1 Introduction Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) devices can send and receive simultaneous signaling at the same power level and maximize high data rate demands in modern communication systems. -
Supplemental Information for an Amateur Radio Facility
COMMONWEALTH O F MASSACHUSETTS C I T Y O F NEWTON SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMA TION FOR AN AMATEUR RADIO FACILITY ACCOMPANYING APPLICA TION FOR A BUILDING PERMI T, U N D E R § 6 . 9 . 4 . B. (“EQUIPMENT OWNED AND OPERATED BY AN AMATEUR RADIO OPERAT OR LICENSED BY THE FCC”) P A R C E L I D # 820070001900 ZON E S R 2 SUBMITTED ON BEHALF OF: A LEX ANDER KOPP, MD 106 H A R TM A N ROAD N EWTON, MA 02459 C ELL TELEPHONE : 617.584.0833 E- MAIL : AKOPP @ DRKOPPMD. COM BY: FRED HOPENGARTEN, ESQ. SIX WILLARCH ROAD LINCOLN, MA 01773 781/259-0088; FAX 419/858-2421 E-MAIL: [email protected] M A R C H 13, 2020 APPLICATION FOR A BUILDING PERMIT SUBMITTED BY ALEXANDER KOPP, MD TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................................. 2 Preamble ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 5 The Telecommunications Act of 1996 (47 USC § 332 et seq.) Does Not Apply ....................................... 5 The Station Antenna Structure Complies with Newton’s Zoning Ordinance .......................................... 6 Amateur Radio is Not a Commercial Use ............................................................................................... 6 Permitted by -
Antenna Selection Guide by Richard Wallace
Application Note AN058 Antenna Selection Guide By Richard Wallace Keywords • Antenna Selection • 433 MHz (387 – 510 MHz) Antenna • Anechoic Chamber • 868 MHz (779 – 960 MHz) Antenna • Antenna Parameters • 915 MHz (779 – 960 MHz) Antenna • 169 MHz (136 – 240 MHz) Antenna • 2.4 GHz Antenna • 315 MHz (273 – 348 MHz) Antenna • CC-Antenna-DK 1 Introduction This application note describes important In addition different antenna types are parameters to consider when deciding presented, with their pros and cons. All of what kind of antenna to use in a short the antenna reference designs available range device application. on www.ti.com/lpw are presented including the Antenna Development Kit Important antenna parameters, different [29]. antenna types, design aspects and techniques for characterizing antennas are The last section in this document contains presented. Radiation pattern, gain, references to additional antenna impedance matching, bandwidth, size and resources such as literature, applicable cost are some of the parameters EM simulation tools and a list of antenna discussed in this document. manufacturer and consultants. Antenna theory and practical Correct choice of antenna will improve measurement are also covered. system performance and reduce the cost. Figure 1. Texas Instruments Antenna Development Kit (CC-Antenna-DK) SWRA161B Page 1 of 44 Application Note AN058 Table of Contents KEYWORDS 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 ABBREVIATIONS 3 3 BRIEF ANTENNA THEORY 4 3.1 DIPOLE (Λ/2) ANTENNAS 4 3.2 MONOPOLE (Λ/4) ANTENNAS 5 3.3 WAVELENGTH CALCULATIONS -
Understanding and Optimizing 802.11N
Understanding and Optimizing 802.11n Buffalo Technology July 2011 Brian Verenkoff Director of Marketing and Business Development Introduction: Wireless networks have always been difficult to implement and understand for both home users and network administrators. Wireless networking marries two equally complicated yet relatively unrelated technologies: networking technologies with radio frequency (RF) technology. Each technology has exclusive industry professionals, but rarely is expertise in both technologies available. This document is designed to assist computer network users in deploying successful wireless network while sharing the education and reasoning behind the technology. Related Parties: Wi-Fi® is a registered trademark made of the Wi-Fi Alliance created to give an easier to understand name for wireless networking/wireless local area network (WLAN) based on the IEEE 802.11 standard. To assist with the understanding of technologies, the following are brief descriptions of relevant companies, committees and alliances that are involved in specifying technology and policies relating to wireless networking products. • IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) – IEEE is a professional association that creates electronics and electrical related technologies with aim to develop industry standards for use by manufacturers across the board. IEEE 802.11 is the standards group created and maintained by the IEEE as it relates to wireless networking. The letter after 802.11 (e.g. 802.11g) shows an amended standard governed under IEEE 802.11. • Wi-Fi Alliance / Wi-Fi CERTIFIED – The Wi-Fi Alliance is a trade association that functions mainly to promote wireless networking and to ensure compatibility via a certification program amongst various wireless networking devices. -
Investigating Energy Harvesting Technology to Wirelessly Charge Batteries of Mobile Devices
Investigating energy harvesting technology to wirelessly charge batteries of mobile devices By Neetu Ramsaroop (19751797) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Master of Information and Communications Technology degree In the Department of Information Technology in the Faculty of Accounting and Informatics Durban University of Technology Durban, South Africa July, 2017 DECLARATION I, Neetu Ramsaroop, declare that this dissertation represents my own work and has not been previously submitted in any form for another degree at any university or institution of higher learning. All information cited from published and unpublished works have been acknowledged. ________________________ ____________________________ Student Date Approved for final submission Supervisor: ___________________________ ____________________________ Prof. O. O. Olugbara Date Co-supervisors: ___________________________ ____________________________ Esther D. Joubert Date i DEDICATION To My family and my supportive friends ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to God for embracing me with the strength and inspiration all through this research journey. My sincere gratitude is accorded to my Supervisor, Professor O.O. Olugbara, for his dedication, academic knowledge, expertise, guidance, patience, direction, feedback, comments and meticulous checking of this study. Not to mention his “reminder” phone calls to keep me in check. I would also like to express my deepest appreciation to my Co-Supervisor, Mrs Esther Joubert, for her dedication, constant encouragement, guidance, motivation, outstanding academic writing, patience with my messages at odd hours, dealing with my panic moments and the pleasant manner in which she provided direction in this study. I am thankful to all my friends, DUT colleagues and work colleagues for their support, motivation and advice during this work. -
Compact Integrated Antennas Designs and Applications for the Mc1321x, Mc1322x, and Mc1323x
Freescale Semiconductor Document Number: AN2731 Application Note Rev. 2, 12/2012 Compact Integrated Antennas Designs and Applications for the MC1321x, MC1322x, and MC1323x 1 Introduction Contents 1 Introduction . 1 With the introduction of many applications into the 2 Antenna Terms . 2 2.4 GHz band for commercial and consumer use, 3 Basic Antenna Theory . 3 Antenna design has become a stumbling point for many 4 Impedance Matching . 5 customers. Moving energy across a substrate by use of an 5 Antennas . 8 RF signal is very different than moving a low frequency 6 Miniaturization Trade-offs . 11 voltage across the same substrate. Therefore, designers 7 Potential Issues . 12 who lack RF expertise can avoid pitfalls by simply 8 Recommended Antenna Designs . 13 following “good” RF practices when doing a board 9 Design Examples . 14 layout for 802.15.4 applications. The design and layout of antennas is an extension of that practice. This application note will provide some of that basic insight on board layout and antenna design to improve our customers’ first pass success. Antenna design is a function of frequency, application, board area, range, and costs. Whether your application requires the absolute minimum costs or minimization of board area or maximum range, it is important to understand the critical parameters so that the proper trade-offs can be chosen. Some of the parameters necessary in selecting the correct antenna are: antenna © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2005, 2006, 2012. All rights reserved. tuning, matching, gain/loss, and required radiation pattern. This note is not an exhaustive inquiry into antenna design. It is instead, focused toward helping our customers understand enough board layout and antenna basics to aid in selecting the correct antenna type for their application as well as avoiding the typical layout mistakes that cause performance issues that lead to delays. -
Antenna Articles Collection of Short Articles Relating to All Manners of Antennas
Antenna Tips page 1 of 31 Source : http://www.funet.fi/pub/dx/text/antennas/antinfo.txt Antenna Articles Collection of short articles relating to all manners of antennas. These articles are the hard work of Wayne Sarosi KB4YLY (995 Alabama Street, Titusville, FL 32796) SUBJECT: Circular Polarized Antenna There has been a request for a series on 'CP' antennas. The term 'CP' eluded me at first as I was not familar with the abriviated designator for circular polarization. At work, we just use the entire words. I'm going to begin this ten part series with the basics. After researching CP designs with a few engineers and fellow hams, I found that they knew very little about the subject. I also found I didn't know quite as much as I thought I did about circular polarization. So starting at the begining will help all out. First, let's discuss the circular polarized wave. There seems to be conflicting standards used by the world of physics and the IEEE. I found this to be true in four reference manuals including the ARRL Antenna Handbook. At least it's stated right up front but biased according to which text you read. We will follow the IEEE/ARRL standard in the following series for obvious reasons. There are two types of circular polarization; right and left. All of us agree up to this point. According to the ARRL Antenna Handbook, the following statement: 'Polarization Sense is a critical factor, especially in EME work or if the satellite uses a circular polarized antenna.