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Problems in Translating Pessoa's Poetry Into English
Problems in translating Pessoa’s poetry into English John Pedro Schwartz* Keywords Translation, Rhyme, Meter, Personal infinitive, Verb tense. Abstract This paper focuses on five problems all translators of Fernando Pessoa’s poetry into English must grapple with. The first is whether or not to distinguish the poetry of Pessoa (orthonym), Álvaro de Campos, Alberto Caeiro and Ricardo Reis through the use of stylistic and lexical markers. The second is: to what degree should the translator imitate Pessoa’s occasional labyrinthine constructions? Third, every translator must decide at the outset whether or not to use rhyme and meter, where these occur in Pessoa’s poetry. The final two problems concern Portuguese grammar: how to translate the pretérito perfeito do indicativo [simple past tense], which lends itself in English to both simple past and present perfect tenses; and how to translate the personal infinitive, a form unique among all languages for handling a change in subject within a sentence. Palavras-chave Tradução, Rima, Métrica, Infinitivo pessoal, Tempo verbal. Resumo Este artigo foca-se nos cinco problemas com os quais qualquer tradutor da poesia pessoana tem de batalhar quando traduz para inglês. O primeiro é distinguir ou não a poesia de Pessoa (ortónimo), da de Álvaro de Campos, Alberto Caeiro e Ricardo Reis através de indicações estilísticas e lexicais. O segundo é até que ponto o tradutor deve imitar as construções labirínticas ocasionais. Terceiro, o tradutor tem de decidir no início se deve usar rima e métrica ou não, quando e onde estas ocorram na poesia de Pessoa. Os dois problemas finais referem-se à gramática portuguesa: como traduzir o pretérito perfeito do indicativo, que em inglês empresta-se ambos ao simple past tense e ao present perfect tense; e como traduzir o infinitivo pessoal, uma forma única de todos os idiomas para lidar com uma mudança de sujeito dentro de uma frase. -
The Application and E-C Translation Methods of Common Archaisms in Business Contract
ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 7, No. 9, pp. 798-803, September 2017 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0709.12 The Application and E-C Translation Methods of Common Archaisms in Business Contract Jialei Hu Department of A14 Business English, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhejiang Province, China Huixia Lu Institute of Foreign Language, Zhejiang Ocean University, China Abstract—Archaism (Old English) is rare in daily modern English, but often appears in business contracts. Business contract is a legal document, it has its own language style, one of the most typical characteristic is the use of archaism. It is necessary to learn the archaism in detail. This article mainly explores the archaism from three aspects----word-formation law, E-C translation method and the specific use in contracts. Index Terms—archaism, business contract, application, translation I. INTRODUCTION The language of business contract language is a variant of English language and a special English literary form. It belongs to ESP (English for Specific Purposes). In breakdown, the application of archaism is a major feature of contract language. The basic requirement of business contracts is not the beauty of language, but the formal, accurate expressions, to show its rigor. The archaism such as “hereby”, “thereto” used in business contracts makes sentence structures more concise, and texts more solemn. Only to figure out the translation techniques of the archaism can we achieve its function in business contract at a maximum extent. Because archaism can be applied as a mean of linking up in contracts, it is highly vital to draft and translate the contract. -
Archaisms in Legal Contracts- a Corpus-Based Analysis
European Journal of English Language and Literature Studies Vol.6, No.4, pp.5-20, May 2018 ___Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org) ARCHAISMS IN LEGAL CONTRACTS- A CORPUS-BASED ANALYSIS Babatunde Israel Awe and Patrick Sehinde Fanokun Department of English Studies, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria ABSTRACT: Language is particularly significant in law because it is through it that law finds expression. From formulation to interpretation and enforcement, law exclusively depends on language. Legal contract is notorious for formalities and unchanging nature, especially with the use of archaic words and formulaic expressions is an important genre of legal English. Although the formalities afford lawyers opportunity to achieve “precision”, they constitute a serious challenge for the layman. This study examined the frequency, structure, and meaning of archaisms to argue that the elements are operational tools in legal contracts. The data for the study were derived from ten purposively sampled legal contracts (scanned and converted to electronic-version) of about 7116 words of the Akure Judicial Division of Ondo State Nigeria. With corpus linguistics methodologies, using register analysis within the purview of Systemic Functional Grammar, the study adopted the content analysis methodology to identify archaisms in the legal contracts, and to quantitatively and qualitatively analysis the data. The study found 20 archaisms of 4 categories occurring 187 times (2.6%) of the total number of words to justify the claim that archaisms, which are no more found in general English usage, are still very much in use in legal documents, especially contracts. -
Q35 Portada EN.Indd
QUADERNS ISSN (electronic): 2014-2242 / www.cac.cat DEL CAC Hybridisation strategies in reality TV in mass television programmes MIQUEL GARCIA HORCAJO Head of the Televisió de Catalunya New Formats Department [email protected] Abstract Resum The reality of a multi-platform setting, the fragmentation of La realitat d’un context multiplataforma, la fragmentació de the TV on offer and the recession are forcing channels to com- l’oferta televisiva i la situació de crisi econòmica obliguen les pete with low-cost products and to surprise viewers with nov- cadenes a haver de competir amb productes de baix cost i a elties. Hybridisation is a basic premise for evolution and for sorprendre les persones espectadores amb novetats. La hibri- innovation, hence the proliferation in recent years of genres dació és una premissa bàsica per a l’evolució i per a la inno- that combine ingredients from a range of formats and prove- vació. D’aquí la proliferació, en els darrers anys, de gèneres nances. Such neologisms as infotainment, docutainment, que barregen ingredients de diversos formats i procedències. docufiction, docureality, mockumentary, etc. have entered TV Neologismes com ara infotainment, docutainment, docufiction, schedules, increasingly established in an entertainment role. docureality, mockumentary, etc., s’han incorporat de nou a les graelles de les televisions, cada cop més establertes en un rol Key words d’entreteniment. Television, genres, formats, hybridisation, multi-platform, multi-format, multi-genre, factual, docutainment, infotain- Paraules clau ment, docureality, docufiction, coaching, mockumentary Televisió, gèneres, formats, hibridació, multiplataforma, mul- tiformat, multigènere, factual, docutainment, infotainment, docureality, docufiction, coacking, mockumentary Factual, infotainment, docutainment, docureality.. -
The Historian-Filmmaker's Dilemma: Historical Documentaries in Sweden in the Era of Häger and Villius
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Studia Historica Upsaliensia 210 Utgivna av Historiska institutionen vid Uppsala universitet genom Torkel Jansson, Jan Lindegren och Maria Ågren 1 2 David Ludvigsson The Historian-Filmmaker’s Dilemma Historical Documentaries in Sweden in the Era of Häger and Villius 3 Dissertation in History for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy presented at Uppsala University in 2003 ABSTRACT Ludvigsson, David, 2003: The Historian-Filmmaker’s Dilemma. Historical Documentaries in Sweden in the Era of Häger and Villius. Written in English. Acta Universitatis Upsalien- sis. Studia Historica Upsaliensia 210. (411 pages). Uppsala 2003. ISSN 0081-6531. ISBN 91-554-5782-7. This dissertation investigates how history is used in historical documentary films, and ar- gues that the maker of such films constantly negotiates between cognitive, moral, and aes- thetic demands. In support of this contention a number of historical documentaries by Swedish historian-filmmakers Olle Häger and Hans Villius are discussed. Other historical documentaries supply additional examples. The analyses take into account both the produc- tion process and the representations themselves. The history culture and the social field of history production together form the conceptual framework for the study, and one of the aims is to analyse the role of professional historians in public life. The analyses show that different considerations compete and work together in the case of all documentaries, and figure at all stages of pre-production, production, and post-produc- tion. But different considerations have particular inuence at different stages in the produc- tion process and thus they are more or less important depending on where in the process the producer puts his emphasis on them. -
Confronting Historical Stereotypes of African Americans on the Big Screen Melissa Ann Garrett Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2017 Contemporary portrayals of blacks and mixed- blacks in lead roles: Confronting historical stereotypes of African Americans on the big screen Melissa Ann Garrett Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the African American Studies Commons, Film and Media Studies Commons, and the Journalism Studies Commons Recommended Citation Garrett, Melissa Ann, "Contemporary portrayals of blacks and mixed-blacks in lead roles: Confronting historical stereotypes of African Americans on the big screen" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 15307. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15307 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Contemporary portrayals of blacks and mixed-blacks in lead roles: Confronting historical stereotypes of African Americans on the big screen by Melissa Ann Garrett A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Journalism and Mass Communication Program of Study Committee: Tracy Lucht, Major Professor Daniela Dimitrova Linda Shenk The student author and the program of study committee are solely responsible for the content of this thesis. The Graduate College will ensure this thesis is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2017 Copyright © Melissa Ann Garrett, 2017. -
How Bilbo Lost His Innocence: Media Audiences and the Evaluation of the Hobbit As a ‘Children’S Film’
.F-E Volume 13, Issue 2 November 2016 How Bilbo lost his innocence: Media audiences and the evaluation of The Hobbit as a ‘Children’s Film’ Lars Schmeink, Institut für Kultur- und Medienmanagement Hamburg, Germany Abstract: The Hobbit (1937) by J. R. R. Tolkien is one of Britain’s, if not one of the world’s, most beloved children’s books. It thus stands to reason that the film adaptation by Peter Jackson (2012-2014) should be similarly beloved as children’s films. Yet indeed, the largest audience study to date, the World Hobbit Project, suggests otherwise. Of all the possible ‘types of film’ that audiences could choose from they were least comfortable with ‘Children’s Story’ and in their qualitative answers described the films as not ‘suitable’ for children. The essay analyzes the historical relation between the categories of ‘Children’s Story’ and the fantasy genre, by contrasting early reviews of the novel with audience reactions from the survey. At the core of the argument are audience expectations of what makes a story appropriate or intended for children and what the genre fantasy deals with. The analysis shows how these two expectations have diverged and now seem to be at odds with each other, clearly marking a shift in the meaning-making process surrounding the genre. Keywords: The Hobbit, Fantasy, Children, Audiences, Genre When the extended version of The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies was released on DVD and Blu-ray in November 2015, it was not only remarkable for its length, extending the 144-min theatrical cut by an additional 20 minutes and thus boosting the runtime of all three parts of the film to 532 minutes. -
African American Studies (AFAM) 1 African American Studies (AFAM)
African American Studies (AFAM) 1 African American Studies (AFAM) * AFAM 013b / ENGL 005b, Counterarchives: Black Historical Fictions Elleza Kelley While historical records have long been the source from which we draw our picture of the past, it is with literature and art that we attempt to speculatively work out that which falls between the cracks of conventional archival documentation, that which cannot be contained by historical record—emotion, gesture, the sensory, the sonic, the inner life, the aerlife, the neglected and erased. This course examines how contemporary black writers have imagined and attempted to represent black life from the late 17th to the early 20th centuries, asking what fiction can tell us about history. Reading these works as alternative archives, or “counterarchives,” which index the excess and fugitive material of black histories in the Americas, we probe the uses, limits, and revelations of historical fictions, from the experimental and realist novel, to works of poetry and drama. Drawing on the work of various interdisciplinary scholars, we use these historical fictions to explore and enter into urgent and ongoing conversations around black life & death, African-American history & memory, black aesthetics, and the problem of “The Archive.” Enrollment limited to first-year students. Preregistration required; see under First-Year Seminar Program. HU * AFAM 016b / AFST 015b / ENGL 015b, South African Writing aer Apartheid Stephanie Newell An introduction to creative writing published in South Africa from the end of Apartheid in 1994 to the present. Close readings of contemporary fiction with additional material drawn from popular culture, including films, magazines, and music. Enrollment limited to first-year students. -
Film at Lincoln Center New Releases Festivals & Events January 2020
Film at Lincoln Center January 2020 New Releases Cunningham Parasite The Traitor Zombi Child Festivals & Events Varda: A Retrospective The Bong Show: A Bong Joon Ho Retrospective New York Jewish Film Festival Film Comment Selects Member Special Events Members save $5 Tickets: filmlinc.org Elinor Bunin Munroe Film Center 144 West 65th Street, New York, NY Walter Reade Theater 165 West 65th Street, New York, NY NEW RELEASES Playing This Month Members save $5 on all tickets! Organized by Florence Almozini, Dennis Lim, and Tyler Wilson. Showtimes at filmlinc.org. NEON Courtesy of Courtesy of Magnolia Pictures HELD OVER BY POPULAR DEMAND! HELD OVER BY POPULAR DEMAND! “This year’s wildest, buzziest, most unexpected breakout . at once a “A knockout. What Kovgan’s utterly transporting film does is radiate the black comedy, a searing social drama and a crackling thriller.” rapturous power of dance.” —Variety —The Hollywood Reporter Parasite Cunningham – in 2D & 3D Bong Joon Ho, South Korea, 132m Alla Kovgan, Germany/France/USA, 93m Winner—Best Foreign Language Film, New York Film Critics Circle One of the most visionary choreographers of the 20th century, Merce In Bong Joon Ho’s exhilarating new film, a threadbare family of four Cunningham could also be counted among its great modern artists. This struggling to make ends meet gradually hatches a scheme to work for, and as painstakingly constructed new documentary both charts his artistic a result infiltrate, the wealthy household of an entrepreneur, his seemingly evolution over the course of three decades and immerses the viewer in frivolous wife, and their troubled kids. -
Introduction 1 Samurai in Videogames 2 the Cinematic Factor 16 Samurai of Legend 26 Mythification, Immersion and Interactivity 3
INTRODUCTION 1 SAMURAI IN VIDEOGAMES 2 Sword of the Samurai (2003, JP) 2 The W ay of the Samurai (2002, JP) 6 Onimusha W arlords (2001, JP) 8 Throne of Darkness (2001, USA) 11 Shogun: total W ar, the warlord edition (2001, UK) 13 THE CINEMATIC FACTOR 16 The lone swordsman 16 Animé 20 The Seven Samurai 23 The face of the silver screen warrior 24 SAMURAI OF LEGEND 26 Musashi 26 Yagyu Jubei 28 Oda Nobunaga 30 MYTHIFICATION, IMMERSION AND INTERACTIVITY 32 Mythification 32 Immersion, Interactivity and Representation 34 CONCLUSION 39 BIBLIOGRAPHY 41 Introduction The Samurai, everyone has a certain mental image of these warriors, be it the romanticized noble warrior or the ruthless fighter, or even the lone wanderer who is trying to change his fate by the sword. These images of the Samurai are most often based on popular (mediated) productions like the Japanese period film (Jidai Geki) and, most recently, Samurai videogames. It is this last and newest of these mediated productions, the videogame, which will be the main subject of this Thesis. I will start by describing videogames that incorporate these warriors, then I will try to determine if film has had any influence on this representation. From the influence of film I will move on to other contemporary media: the novel, Animé films and Manga comics. It is my goal to determine in what manner all these forms of contemporary media have influenced the representation of the Samurai in videogames. I will use a theory by Desser, which he calls —Mythification of history“. Desser claims in his book, —The Samurai films of Akira Kurosawa“, that the Japanese film has a tendency to elevate certain historical periods, figures, facts and legends into mythic proportions. -
The Arts of Amnesia: the Case for Audio Drama, Part One
RadioDoc Review Volume 3 Issue 1 Article 5 January 2017 The Arts of Amnesia: The Case for Audio Drama, Part One Neil Verma North-Western University, Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/rdr Part of the Audio Arts and Acoustics Commons, Digital Humanities Commons, Radio Commons, and the Theatre and Performance Studies Commons Recommended Citation Verma, Neil, The Arts of Amnesia: The Case for Audio Drama, Part One, RadioDoc Review, 3(1), 2017. doi:10.14453/rdr.v3i1.5 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] The Arts of Amnesia: The Case for Audio Drama, Part One Abstract This article examines what the relationship between audio drama and radio drama might illuminate about both forms. Drawing on some 40 podcasts and other audio forms that take a serial structure, I explore the rise of audio drama podcasts since 2015 and situate them in both a more recent historical context since the late 1990s and in a broader history stretching back to the first Golden Age of adio.r By listening closely to key works on Serendipity, Homecoming and other podcasts, I argue that contemporary audio has profound potential to change both how we listen and how we relate to the sound media of the past. This is Part One of a two-part series. Keywords Radio Drama, Audio Drama, Homecoming, Serendipity, Radio History, Podcasting This article is available in RadioDoc Review: https://ro.uow.edu.au/rdr/vol3/iss1/5 The Arts of Amnesia: The Case for Audio Drama, Part One By Neil Verma, Northwestern University Audio Drama / Radio Drama No genre stirs dust into the shafts of sunlight in the attic of media history quite like radio drama, so it is no surprise that the recent rise of fiction among podcasters has clouded a problem that has been vexing critical and historical thought that surrounds the medium. -
Early Modern English, an Introduction To
116544 english-EUP 10/11/2005 11:17 am Page 1 EDINBURGH TEXTBOOKS ON THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE Early Modern English to An Introduction Series Editor: Heinz Giegerich This new textbook series provides introductions to the main areas of English Language study. Volumes cover aspects of the history and structure of the language such as: syntax, phonology, morphology, regional and social variation, Old English, Middle English and international Englishes. An Introduction to Early Modern English TERTTU NEVALAINEN An introduction to Early Modern English, this book helps students of English and linguistics to place the language of the period 1500–1700 in its historical context as a language with a common core but also as one which varies across time, regionally and socially, and according to register. The volume focuses on the structure of what contemporaries called the General Dialect – its spelling, vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation – and on its dialectal origins. The book also discusses the language situation and linguistic anxieties in England at a time when Latin exerted a strong influence on the rising standard language. The volume includes: • The major changes in English from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century • Emphasis on long-term linguistic developments • Sources for the study of Early Modern English • Illustrations ranging from drama and personal letters to trials and early science TERTTU NEVALAINEN TERTTU • Exercises encouraging further exploration of the changing English language. Terttu Nevalainen is Professor of English Philology