DOCSLIB.ORG

Copyright by Farren Elizabeth Yero, 2013 All Rights Reserved

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Copyright by Farren Elizabeth Yero, 2013 All Rights Reserved ©Copyright by Farren Elizabeth Yero, 2013 All Rights Reserved Acknowledgements Over the years, I have been pulled towards this project in so many different ways. Along the way, I have indebted myself to a number of wonderful and inspiring people. This thesis would not have come to be without the generous financial support in the form of a two-year fellowship and a summer research grant from the Stone Center for Latin American Studies at Tulane University. Their support allowed me to visit the city and the archives of Zacatecas in the summer of 2012. I would like to extend my gratitude to the staff and archivists at the AHEZ and specifically to the ever-patient Judith Medina Reynoso at the APZ, who kindly guided me through my first parochial archive experience. At Tulane, my greatest thanks goes to Kris Lane. Despite his recent arrival at Tulane and his numerous appointments, Kris was always generous with his time and his expertise. I was also fortunate enough to work with Kris on the Colonial Latin American Review, an experience that has been thoroughly rewarding. Those who have had the pleasure to work with him know what a gift he truly is. I must also thank Dana Velasco Murillo for her comments and critiques on this work, her insights into archival research in Zacatecas, but also for her helpful advice and tips about the city itself. I never did make it to those hot springs. My thanks also goes to Justin Wolfe, who has consistently challenged me to think about the bigger picture. Your questions will no doubt continue to drive me to grow as a scholar. I am also grateful to my cohort and fellow graduate students at Tulane. Your feedback and support has been requisite to my completing this project. ii This thesis represents an amalgam, if you will, of a variety of interests nurtured at the University of Florida. Susan Gillespie first sparked my interests in Central Mexico and Nahua culture. However, Ida Altman is largely responsible for the passion I now hold for Mexico and colonial history. When I was unable to make her courses fit within my own schedule, Dr. Altman graciously agreed to take on an independent study with me. This opportunity has meant the world to me. At the time, I had naively believed that I wanted to pursue archaeology, a rewarding albeit difficult field. I had originally hoped to study under Kathleen Deagan, who had previously led archaeological field schools in St. Augustine, a place very close to my heart. Although I am sure that it would have been a wonderful experience, I am very grateful that it did not work out. If it had, I would not have had the honor of studying under James Davidson at Kingsley Plantation. Davidson has been an inspiration, and I am grateful for his advice and his friendship. It was at Kingsley that I spent many hours swatting mosquitoes and staving off heat stroke, but also developing an awareness and a curiosity for the experiences of African slaves in the Spanish Empire. This formative experience will continue to influence my work on the Diaspora. However, I would have never reached these points in my life if it were not for my mother. As a child, she challenged me to do more, to be more creative, and to the exasperation of most of my school teachers and administrators, push past the limitations set before me. My drive comes from you. My heart also goes out to Emily Jones, whose stalwart support has sustained me through the years. Your encouragement in all of my endeavors has meant so much. Although, I am glad we both decided that interior design was not for us. But my greatest debt is to my best friend. Phillip, there are no words that can truly encompass your patience, selflessness, and compassion. This work is dedicated to you. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii LIST OF TABLES vi MAPS vii NOTE ON TERMINOLOGY x INTRODUCTION 1 1. SITUATING RACE IN NEW SPAIN 17 The Sistema de Castas and Limpieza de Sangre 18 Racial Restrictions, Daily Realities 22 2. THE SILVER CITY 37 Labor and the Mines 39 Population and Migration 42 Marriage and Residential Patterns 45 Property Ownership 48 3. CREOLES, COMMERCE, AND COMMUNITY 58 Local Economy and Markets 63 Flour and the Alhóndiga 66 El Rastro: Monopolizing Meat, Tallow, and Candles 69 4. BECOMING CHRISTIANS 76 Matrimony: The Grand Remedy 77 The Holy Office of the Inquisition 81 Bigamy 82 Sexuality, Love Magic, and Folk Healing 84 Blasphemy 86 Bestiality: contra natura 91 iv 5. CONFRATERNITIES & THE PARISH CHURCH 99 Afro- Zacatecan Confraternities 99 Confraternities in Colonial Latin America 100 Claiming the Parish Church 103 Baroque Penitence: Submitting to God 105 Patron Saints: Afro-Creole Identities 107 Dues and Alms 108 Women in the Confraternity 109 Hacienda Chapels 117 CONCLUSION 116 REFERENCES 120 v List of Tables 2.1: Population Estimates, Zacatecas, 1572-1770 44 2.2: Comparative Population of Zacatecas by Racial Categories, 1546-1799 45 2.3: Marriage Petitions by Mulatos/Negros Libres, 1670-1730 47 vi Maps Map. 1: The Northern Frontier of Colonial New Spain vii Map 2: Highways to the North Source: Phillip Wayne Powell, Soldiers, Indians, and Silver viii Map 3: The City of Zacatecas, 1732 Source: Don José de Rivera Bernárdez, Descripción de la muy noble y leal ciudad de Zacatecas, 1732. ix NOTE ON TERMINOLOGY Throughout this thesis, I use a number of terms that reflect African heritage. When discussing individuals in specific records, I will rely on the racial label designated in the case file. These terms varied throughout New Spain. However, in Zacatecas, the primary terms used to denote African descent were mulato (African and European heritage), negro (generally used to describe individuals with particularly dark skin and generally associated with slavery), moreno, prieto, and pardo (the last three all relating to brown skin). Generally, I will use “Afro-Mexican” and “Afro-Zacatecan” to describe entire populations of individuals of African descent. These terms are problematic in that they include free and enslaved peoples, but when these circumstances are relevant, I make the effort to emphasize this. Throughout the thesis, I have avoided using “black” to describe individuals of African descent, as this connotes the British/U.S. black/white racial binary. x 1 Introduction The 1608 Relación de Nuestra Señora de Zacatecas describes Mexico’s most productive silver mining hub as being a “city of Spaniards from its initial foundation, although there are some Indians who served to work the mines for the benefit of [the Spaniards].”1 From the first silver strike well until into the period of independence, officials continued to perceive Zacatecas as a “city of Spaniards.” Although native peoples are mentioned in the Relación, it is only as a source of labor for the benefit of the Spanish miners. Accounts such as this have reinforced the assumption that within mining towns, cultural and racial barriers tended to dissolve, leading to an ultimately “Spanish” culture. Zacatecas, as the archetypical mining city of colonial Mexico, has shared such a reputation, whereby it is understood that its residents, despite their diverse racial and cultural backgrounds, inevitably succumbed to the cultural homogenization that is mestizaje. This thesis aims to expand this limited understanding of Zacatecas to shed light on the lives of Zacatecans of African descent. Traces of their lives may be found in documents from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In the seventeenth century, colonial Mexico was home to one of the largest populations of free and enslaved Africans in the New World. Although many scholars have begun to delineate experiences of Africans and their descendants in central New Spain, the northern frontier has been consistently overlooked. In an effort to remedy this omission, this 2 thesis seeks to explore the lived experiences of men and women of African descent in the city of Zacatecas, which for many years was the center of colonial New Spain’s silver mining industry. Through the use of archival records, mostly from the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, this thesis offers an analysis of the different ways Afro-Zacatecans engaged with colonial structures of authority. Specifically, I hope to provide an understanding of how Afro-Zacatecans negotiated their way through various church and state institutions to traverse and sometimes challenge socio-racial exclusionary practices, construct communities, and create opportunities for themselves and their families. In analyzing the records from this time period, I hope to demonstrate how Afro-Zacatecans adapted to the circumstances surrounding mining productivity and the commerce it generated, as well as the changing perceptions of race, gender, and class at the dawn of the eighteenth century. By probing the unique conditions of this peripheral area, my hope is that we will better understand Afro-Mexican experience outside the bounds of central Mexico. Afro-Zacatecas: A Review Most scholarship on colonial Zacatecas has focused on the mining industry and its role in the colonial economy.2 Given the nature of this line of inquiry, most of the resulting publications have been chronologically framed according to the fluctuations in the industry and the economic policies that influenced them. There were several boom and bust cycles. After the city was established in 1548, Zacatecas experienced economic vitality until around 1630. A depression ensued lasting until around 1690. This marked the beginning of a revival that lasted until the 1730s. Throughout the Spanish empire, the eighteenth century marked the beginning of the Bourbon period, a time of administrative restrictions and economic 3 reform. However, in Zacatecas, it appears that these reforms did not make deep impacts until after 1750.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Estudio De Origen - Destino Y Peso Estacion "San Jose El Saladillo" Carretera: San Luis Potosí - Ent
    Subsecretaría de Infraestructura Dirección General de Servicios Técnicos ESTUDIO DE ORIGEN - DESTINO Y PESO ESTACION "SAN JOSE EL SALADILLO" CARRETERA: SAN LUIS POTOSÍ - ENT. ARCINAS TRAMO: LIM. DE EDOS. S.L.P. / ZACATECAS - PÁNFILO NATERA Km: 132 + 300 REFERENCIA GEOGRAFICA: Lat=22°39'12'' N, Long=101°57'20'' W ORIGEN: SAN LUIS POTOSÍ ESTUDIO EFECTUADO DEL 5 AL 8 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 2006 SINTESIS DEL ESTUDIO ORIGEN-DESTINO ESTACION "SAN JOSE EL SALADILLO" CARRETERA: SAN LUIS POTOSI-ENT. ARCINAS LUGAR: KM 132+300 ORIGEN: SAN LUIS POTOSI TRAMO: LIM. DE EDOS. S. L. P./ZACATECAS-PANFILO NATERA FECHA: DEL 05 AL 08 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 2006 1.- VOLUMENES DE TRANSITO (Número de Vehículos) HACIA: ENT. ARCINAS 7477 HACIA: ENT. ARCINAS HACIA: SAN LUIS POTOSI AMBOS SENTIDOS HACIA: SAN LUIS POTOSI 7850 PROMEDIO DIARIO 1869 1963 3832 TOTAL AFORADO 15327 MAXIMO HORARIO 125 145 242 MAXIMO HORARIO MAXIMO HORARIO TRANSITO DIARIO HACIA: ENT. ARCINAS A.M. P.M. HACIA: SAN LUIS POTOSI A.M. P.M. TOTAL LUNES MARTES 1920 110 123 1882 92 123 3802 MIÉRCOLES 1859 106 125 1905 138 129 3764 JUEVES 1962 114 107 2067 109 138 4029 VIERNES 1736 110 112 1996 126 145 3732 SÁBADO DOMINGO TOTAL 7477 7850 15327 2.- CLASIFICACION VEHICULAR (Número de Vehículos) TIPO DE VEHICULO HACIA: ENT. ARCINAS HACIA: SAN LUIS POTOSI TOTAL % A 1491 1767 3258 21% U 1481 1518 2999 20% B 358 340 698 5% C2 710 675 1385 9% C3 705 774 1479 10% T3-S2 1344 1361 2705 18% T3-S3 555 542 1097 7% T3-S2-R4 733 796 1529 10% OTROS 100 77 177 1% TOTAL 7477 7850 15327 100% 3.- PROMEDIO DE PASAJEROS POR VEHICULO Y POR SENTIDO TIPO DE VEHICULO HACIA: ENT.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 LAH 6934: Colonial Spanish America Ida Altman T 8-10
    LAH 6934: Colonial Spanish America Ida Altman T 8-10 (3-6 p.m.), Keene-Flint 13 Office: Grinter Rm. 339 Email: [email protected] Hours: Th 10-12 The objective of the seminar is to become familiar with trends and topics in the history and historiography of early Spanish America. The field has grown rapidly in recent years, and earlier pioneering work has not been superseded. Our approach will take into account the development of the scholarship and changing emphases in topics, sources and methodology. For each session there are readings for discussion, listed under the weekly topic. These are mostly journal articles or book chapters. You will write short (2-3 pages) response papers on assigned readings as well as introducing them and suggesting questions for discussion. For each week’s topic a number of books are listed. You should become familiar with most of this literature if colonial Spanish America is a field for your qualifying exams. Each student will write two book reviews during the semester, to be chosen from among the books on the syllabus (or you may suggest one). The final paper (12-15 pages in length) is due on the last day of class. If you write a historiographical paper it should focus on the most important work on the topic rather than being bibliographic. You are encouraged to read in Spanish as well as English. For a fairly recent example of a historiographical essay, see R. Douglas Cope, “Indigenous Agency in Colonial Spanish America,” Latin American Research Review 45:1 (2010). You also may write a research paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Historic Centre of Zacatecas
    WORLD HERITAGE LIST Zacatecas No 676 Identification Nomination The historical monuments zone of Zacatecas Location State of Zacatecas State Party Mexico 7 October 1992 Justification by State Party With Guanajuato, Zacatecas is among the most important mining towns of New Spain. It was a major centre of silver production, and also of colonization, evangelization, and cultural expansion (criterion ii). The townscape of the ancient centre is moulded to the topography of the steep valley in which it is situated and is of outstanding beauty (criterion iv). The cathedral, which towers over the heart of this townscape, is exceptional by virtue of its overall harmonious design and the Baroque profusion of its facade, in which Christian and native elements combine (criterion i). History and Description His tory zacatecas was founded in 1546, following the discovery of the very rich San Bernabé silver lode. This was to be followed later by working of the Veta Grande, Panuco, and Albarrada lodes in the same massif. The town developed to the south of the mining area, on the road from the capital of New Spain. It centred on the present-day San Agustin quarter, where the first church was built, with houses along the Calle Real, now Arroyo del Plata, the present main street. Unlike other Spanish colonial towns, the street layout of Zacatecas was irregular, because of the need for communication between the mines and the ore-working sites, which determined the siting in a steep valley. The silver mining activities were so extensive that by 1550 there were 34 mines in operation.
    [Show full text]
  • IGNACIO MARTÍNEZ (December 2020)
    IGNACIO MARTÍNEZ (December 2020) The University of Texas at El Paso [email protected] Department of History Office: (915) 747-7054 Liberal Arts, 320 Liberal Arts 316 El Paso, TX 79968 ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS Ph.D. Program Director and Associate Chair, University of Texas at El Paso, 2019 - Associate Professor of Colonial Latin America, University of Texas at El Paso, 2019 - Assistant Professor of Colonial Latin America, University of Texas at El Paso, 2013-2019 Assistant Professor of Latin American History, Arkansas State University, 2012-2013 EDUCATION Ph.D. in History, University of Arizona, 2013 M.A. in Latin American Studies, University of New Mexico, 2006 (Defended with honors) Gonville and Caius, University of Cambridge, 2004 B.A. in Independent Studies, University of New Mexico, 2003 A.A. Eastern New Mexico University, 1998 SCHOLARSHIP BOOKS The Intimate Frontier: Friendship and Civil Society in Northern New Spain (Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 2019). PEER REVIEWED ARTICLES AND BOOK CHAPTERS “The Paradox of Friendship: Loyalty and Betrayal on the Sonoran Frontier,” Journal of the Southwest 56, no. 2 (2014): 319-344. “Settler Colonialism in New Spain and the Early Mexican Republic,” in Ed Cavanagh and Lorenzo Veracini, eds., The Routledge Handbook of the History of Settler Colonialism (Routledge, 2017): 109-124. 1 EDITED WORKS Introduced with Michael Brescia, Tracey Duval, ed., The Marqués de Rubí’s Formidable Inspection Tour of New Spain’s Northern Frontier, 1766-1768, DSWR: Documentary Relations of the Southwest (Under review). Contributing editor with Dale Brenaman, et al., O’odham Pee Posh Documentary History Project, (tentative title) DSWR: Documentary Relations of the Southwest (Forthcoming).
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing 'Race': the Catholic Church and the Evolution of Racial Categories and Gender in Colonial Mexico, 1521-1700
    CONSTRUCTING ‘RACE’: THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THE EVOLUTION OF RACIAL CATEGORIES AND GENDER IN COLONIAL MEXICO, 1521-1700 _______________ A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History University of Houston _______________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________ By Alexandria E. Castillo August, 2017 i CONSTRUCTING ‘RACE’: THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THE EVOLUTION OF RACIAL CATEGORIES AND GENDER IN COLONIAL MEXICO, 1521-1700 _______________ An Abstract of a Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History University of Houston _______________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________ By Alexandria E. Castillo August, 2017 ii ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the role of the Catholic Church in defining racial categories and construction of the social order during and after the Spanish conquest of Mexico, then New Spain. The Catholic Church, at both the institutional and local levels, was vital to Spanish colonization and exercised power equal to the colonial state within the Americas. Therefore, its interests, specifically in connection to internal and external “threats,” effected New Spain society considerably. The growth of Protestantism, the Crown’s attempts to suppress Church influence in the colonies, and the power struggle between the secular and regular orders put the Spanish Catholic Church on the defensive. Its traditional roles and influence in Spanish society not only needed protecting, but reinforcing. As per tradition, the Church acted as cultural center once established in New Spain. However, the complex demographic challenged traditional parameters of social inclusion and exclusion which caused clergymen to revisit and refine conceptions of race and gender.
    [Show full text]
  • ©2018 Travis Jeffres ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
    ©2018 Travis Jeffres ALL RIGHTS RESERVED “WE MEXICAS WENT EVERYWHERE IN THAT LAND”: THE MEXICAN INDIAN DIASPORA IN THE GREATER SOUTHWEST, 1540-1680 By TRAVIS JEFFRES A dissertation submitted to the School of Graduate Studies Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in History Written under the direction of Camilla ToWnsend And approVed by _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey October, 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION “We Mexicas Went Everywhere in That Land:” The Mexican Indian Diaspora in the Greater Southwest, 1540-1680 by TRAVIS JEFFRES Dissertation Director: Camilla ToWnsend Beginning With Hernando Cortés’s capture of Aztec Tenochtitlan in 1521, legions of “Indian conquistadors” from Mexico joined Spanish military campaigns throughout Mesoamerica in the sixteenth century. Scholarship appearing in the last decade has revealed the aWesome scope of this participation—involving hundreds of thousands of Indian allies—and cast critical light on their motiVations and experiences. NeVertheless this Work has remained restricted to central Mexico and areas south, while the region known as the Greater SouthWest, encompassing northern Mexico and the U.S. Southwest, has been largely ignored. This dissertation traces the moVements of Indians from central Mexico, especially Nahuas, into this region during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and charts their experiences as diasporic peoples under colonialism using sources they Wrote in their oWn language (Nahuatl). Their activities as laborers, soldiers, settlers, and agents of acculturation largely enabled colonial expansion in the region. However their exploits are too frequently cast as contributions to an overarching Spanish colonial project.
    [Show full text]
  • Intellectuals, Blackness, and Inter-Americanism in Mexico After 1910
    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: IN BLACK AND BROWN: INTELLECTUALS, BLACKNESS, AND INTER-AMERICANISM IN MEXICO AFTER 1910 Theodore Cohen, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Dissertation directed by: Professor Mary Kay Vaughan Department of History “In Black and Brown” examines how blackness and Africanness became constituent elements of Mexican culture after the Revolution of 1910. In refuting the common claim that black cultures and identities were erased or ignored in the post-revolutionary era, it argues that anthropologists, historians, (ethno)musicologists, and local intellectuals integrated black and, after 1940, African-descended peoples and cultures into a democratic concept of national identity. Although multiple historical actors contributed to this nationalist project, three intellectuals—composer and ethnomusicologist Gerónimo Baqueiro Foster (1898-1967), anthropologist Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán (1908-1996), and city of Veracruz poet Francisco Rivera (1908-1994)—most coherently identified Africanness in Mexican history and culture. As these state and local intellectuals read ethnographic texts about African cultural retentions throughout the Western Hemisphere, they situated these cultural practices in specific Mexican communities and regional spaces. By tracing the inter-American networks that shaped these identities, “In Black and Brown” asserts that the classification of blackness and Africanness as Mexican was in conversation with the refashioning of blackness, Africanness, and indigeneity across the Americas and was part of the
    [Show full text]
  • Mexico: State Law on Legitimation and Distinctions Between Children Born in and out of Wedlock
    Report for the Executive Office for Immigration Review LL Files Nos. 2017-014922 through 2017-014953 Mexico: State Law on Legitimation and Distinctions Between Children Born In and Out of Wedlock (Update) August 2017 The Law Library of Congress, Global Legal Research Center (202) 707-6462 (phone) • (866) 550-0442 (fax) • [email protected] • http://www.law.gov Contents Introduction .....................................................................................................................................1 Aguascalientes .................................................................................................................................2 Baja California .................................................................................................................................4 Baja California Sur ..........................................................................................................................6 Campeche .........................................................................................................................................8 Chiapas ...........................................................................................................................................10 Chihuahua ......................................................................................................................................12 Coahuila .........................................................................................................................................14 Colima ............................................................................................................................................15
    [Show full text]
  • Florida's Hispanic Heritage
    th 500 Commemoration FLORIDA’S HISPANIC HERITAGE October 13 - 20, 2012 ISLAC (Institute for the Study of Latin America and the Caribbean) at the University of South Florida has organized an international conference and weeklong series of community-oriented events to commemorate Florida’s Hispanic Heritage in honor of the 500th Anniversary of Ponce de Leon’s historic encounter. Welcome On behalf of the Institute for the Study of Latin America and the Caribbean, I would like to welcome you to our commemoration of Florida’s unique and profound Hispanic heritage. In honor of Florida’s own Quincentenary, we are especially privileged to bring together the world’s leading scholars of Florida’s Hispanic past and present. With the support of the Florida Humanities Council, the Tampa Bay History Center and the historic Centro Asturiano, we expect that this conference will help set the stage for what promises to be a memorable Quincentennial year. Warm regards, Essay and Poster Contest Student winners of the 2012 Hispanic Heritage Inc’s essay and poster contests will be recognized at the opening and keynote address. Event Hosts The Institute for the Study of Latin America and the Caribbean at USF is a multidisciplinary area studies center located within the College of Arts and Sciences and USF World. In addition to providing public programming for the USF and Tampa Bay communities, ISLAC provides interdisciplinary and hemispheric perspectives for the study of the region and opportunities for scholarly collaboration for faculty and students in the many different units and departments the Institute integrates. The Florida Humanities Council - an independent, nonprofi t affi liate of the National Endowment for the Humanities - develops and funds public humanities programs and resources statewide.
    [Show full text]
  • LAH 5934: the Iberian Atlantic World Ida Altman T 8-10 (3-6 P.M.), Keene-Flint 13 Grinter 339 Office Hours: M 10:30-12; T, W 2-2:45 [email protected]
    LAH 5934: The Iberian Atlantic World Ida Altman T 8-10 (3-6 p.m.), Keene-Flint 13 Grinter 339 Office hours: M 10:30-12; T, W 2-2:45 [email protected] The seminar addresses the early modern Iberian Atlantic world to around 1750, a milieu shaped by European expansion and the complex interactions among peoples and environments that resulted. Main emphasis in the readings is on recent scholarship. Assignments and grades. Students will submit short response papers (2-3 pages, double spaced) on the weekly readings, report on the readings, and suggest questions for discussion. The final paper (around 15-20 pages in length) will consist of either a historiographical essay or a research paper (or some part of one) related to the Iberian Atlantic. Consult me regarding your choice of topic by the end of September. Grades will be based on papers (two-thirds) and class participation, including presentations (one- third). Any unexcused absence will count against the final grade. Reading. The following books are required. Additional readings are available online (journal articles and e-books) and as pdf’s. You may wish to order J.H. Elliott, The Old World and the New (used copies are cheap). For general background reading I recommend James Lockhart and Stuart Schwartz, Early Latin America. Felipe Fernández Armesto, Before Columbus Stuart B. Schwartz, ed., Implicit Understandings Alida C. Metcalf, Go-betweens and the Colonization of Brazil, 1500-1600 Pablo E. Pérez Mallaina, Spain’s Men of the Sea Richard L. Kagan and Philip D. Morgan, eds., Atlantic Diasporas: Jews, Conversos and Crypto-Jews in the Age of Mercantilism, 1500-1800 Stuart B.
    [Show full text]
  • Merging Science and Management in a Rapidly Changing World
    Biodiversity in the Madrean Archipelago of Sonora, Mexico Thomas R. Van Devender, Sergio Avila-Villegas, and Melanie Emerson Sky Island Alliance, Tucson, Arizona Dale Turner The Nature Conservancy, Tucson, Arizona Aaron D. Flesch University of Montana, Missoula, Montana Nicholas S. Deyo Sky Island Alliance, Tucson, Arizona Introduction open to incursions of frigid Arctic air from the north, and the Sierra Madres Oriental and Occidental create a double rain shadow and Flowery rhetoric often gives birth to new terms that convey images the Chihuahuan Desert. Madrean is a general term used to describe and concepts, lead to inspiration and initiative. On the 1892-1894 things related to the Sierra Madres. In a biogeographical analysis of expedition to resurvey the United States-Mexico boundary, Lieutenant the herpetofauna of Saguaro National Monument, University of Arizona David Dubose Gaillard described the Arizona-Sonora borderlands as herpetologist and ecologist Charles H. Lowe was probably the first to “bare, jagged mountains rising out of the plains like islands from the use the term ‘Madrean Archipelago’ to describe the Sky Island ranges sea” (Mearns 1907; Hunt and Anderson 2002). Later Galliard was between the Sierra Madre Occidental in Sonora and Chihuahua and the the lead engineer on the Panama Canal construction project. Mogollon Rim of central Arizona (Lowe, 1992). Warshall (1995) and In 1951, Weldon Heald, a resident of the Chiricahua Mountains, McLaughlin (1995) expanded and defined the area and concept. coined the term ‘Sky Islands’ for the ranges in southeastern Arizona (Heald 1951). Frederick H. Gehlbach’s 1981 book, Mountain Islands and Desert Seas: A Natural History of the US-Mexican Borderlands, Biodiversity provided an overview of the natural history of the Sky Islands in In 2007, Conservation International named the Madrean Pine-oak the southwestern United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Brian Hamm 2811 SW Archer Rd
    Brian Hamm 2811 SW Archer Rd. Apt. Y225 Gainesville, FL 32608 [email protected] Education Ph.D. Candidate University of Florida Advisors: Ida Altman, Nina Caputo Major Field: Latin America Minor Field: Atlantic World M.A. 2012 University of Florida Major Field: Colonial Spanish America Minor Field: Medieval Spain B.A. 2010 Pepperdine University Summa cum Laude Major: History Publications Articles & Book Chapters “Between Acceptance and Exclusion: Spanish Responses to Portuguese Immigrants in the Sixteenth-Century Caribbean.” In Spain’s Maritime Empire: The Caribbean in the Long Sixteenth Century, eds. Ida Altman and David Wheat (under contract with University of Nebraska Press, anticipated publication in 2017). “Constructing and Contesting Portuguese Difference in the Spanish Circum- Caribbean, 1500-1650.” Anais de História de Além-Mar (under peer review, anticipated publication in Autumn 2016). Book Reviews Review of The New Christians of Spanish Naples, 1528-1671: A Fragile Elite, by Peter A. Mazur. Politics, Religion & Ideology 16 (2015): 329-331. Review of Violent Delights, Violent Ends: Sex, Race, & Honor in Colonial Cartagena de Indias, by Nicole von Germeten. Itinerario 38 (2014): 157-158. Review of After Expulsion: 1492 and the Making of Sephardic Jewry, by Jonathan Ray. Alpata 11 (2014): 89-91. Encyclopedia Entries “Cartagena de Indias,” in Encyclopedia of the Atlantic World, 1400-1900: Europe, Africa, and the Americas in An Age of Exploration, Trade, and Empires (forthcoming). Teaching Experience Instructor of Record LAH
    [Show full text]