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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 3 0 0 North Z eeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 4 8 1 06-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9130509 Allozyme variation and evolution inPolygonella (Polygonaceae) Lewis, Paul Ollin, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1991 Copyright ©1991 by Lewis, Paul Ollin. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Aibor, MI 48106 ALLOZYME VARIATION AND EVOLUTION IN POLYGONELLA (POLYGONACEAE) DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Paul O llin Lewis, B.A., M.Sc. ***** The Ohio State University 1991 Dissertation Committee: Approved by: Dr. Daniel J. Crawford Dr. Allison A. Snow Advisor Dr. Tod F. Stuessy Department of Plant Biology Copyright by Paul Ollin Lewis 1991 To my parents, Joe and Shirley Lewis ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express appreciation to my advisor, Dr. Daniel J. Crawford, and the other members of my committee, Drs. Allison A. Snow and Tod F. Stuessy, for their encouragement and suggestions. Thanks go also to Drs. Gary L. Floyd and Morris Cline for participating as members of my General Examination Committee. I would especially like to thank all those at the Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, Florida, for their kindness and helpfulness in this project. The following persons served me by engaging me in very productive discussions about biogeography, endemism in Florida, and other topics related to this project: Dr. Steven P. Christman, Dr. Mark Deyrup, David Haines, Dr. Walter S. Judd, Dr. Eric S. Menges, Susan Wallace, and Dr. Richard P. Wunderlin. Dr. Guy L. Nesom has been a source of continuous encouragement and first introduced me to the interesting genus Polygonella. I would especially like to thank my wife and best friend LuAnn, for her encouragement, love, and understanding, and my parents for their unconditional and neverending love and support of my endeavors. VITA December 29, 1961 .................................................... Born, Louisville, Kentucky 1982 ............................................................................... B.A., Biology and Mathematics, Georgetown College, Georgetown, Kentucky 1984 ............................................................................... M.Sc., Biology, Memphis State University, Memphis, Tennessee 1988 ............................................................................... Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant, National Science Foundation PUBLICATIONS 1983. Browne, E. T., Jr., K. Broyles and P. Lewis. Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Aizoaceae) in Tennessee. Castanea 48: 238. 1984. Bates, V., and P. Lewis. Rediscovery of Stylisma humistrata (Convolvulaceae) in Tennessee. Rhodora 86: 393-394. 1984. Lewis, P., and G. Nesom. Label writing program in MBasic for microcomputers. Herbarium News (Missouri Bot. Gard.) 4(2): 6-7. 1985. Bates, V., L. M. Wilson and P. Lewis. Notes and new distributional records for several Tennessee orchids. J. Tennessee Acad. Sci. 60: 45-48. 1989. Lewis, P., and R. Whitkus. GENESTAT for microcomputers. ASPT Newsletter 2: 15-16. 1990. Lewis, P. PeaStats: a computer program for use with introductory Plant Biology courses. Plant Science Bulletin 36: 8. 1991. Lewis, P., and E. T. Browne, Jr. The vascular flora of Haywood County, Tennessee. J. Tennessee Acad. Sci. 66: 37-44. 1991. Lewis, P. Allozyme variation in the rare Gulf Coast endemic Polygonella macrophylla Small (Polygonaceae). In press: Plant Species Biology. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Plant Biology Studies in plant systematics and evolution, Dr. Daniel J. Crawford, Advisor. TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION...............................................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... iii VITA ...............................................................................................................................................iv LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. viii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................... x LIST OF PLATES ................................................................................................................. xiii INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER PAGE I. CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF POLYGONELLA AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO POLYGONUM SUBG. DURAVIA ............................... 35 Introduction .................................................................................................... 35 Materials and Methods .................................................................................. 39 R e su lts .............................................................................................................. 45 D iscussion ......................................................................................................... 47 Summary .......................................................................................................... 54 Literature Cited ............................................................................................. 56 II. ALLOZYME VARIATION IN THE RARE GULF COAST ENDEMIC POLYGONELLA MACROPHYLLA SMALL (POLYGONACEAE) ............................................................................................ 80 Introduction .................................................................................................... 80 Materials and Methods .................................................................................. 82 R esu lts ............................................................................................................... 85 D iscussion ......................................................................................................... 87 Summary .......................................................................................................... 93 Literature Cited ............................................................................................. 94 III. ALLOZYME VARIATION IN THE GENUS POLYGONELLA: COMPARISON WITH OTHER SEED PLANTS........................................ 105 Introduction ................................................................................................... 105 Materials and Methods .............................................................................. 106 Results and Discussion ............................................................................... 113 Summary ......................................................................................................... 128 Literature Cited ........................................................................................... 130 IV. CORRELATION OF GENE DIVERSITY WITH LATITUDE IN POLYGONELLA (POLYGONACEAE): TESTING AN HYPOTHESIS INVOLVING HISTORICAL FACTORS ...................................................... 156 Introduction ................................................................................................... 156 Materials and Methods ................................................................................ 160 R esu lts ............................................................................................................. 165 D iscussion .................................................................... 166 Summary ......................................................................................................... 173 Literature Cited ........................................................................................... 175 APPENDICES A. POLYGONELLA LOCALITIES VISITED DURING THE COURSE OF THIS STUDY......................................................................................................... 188 B. NEXUS DATA SET USED IN CHAPTER I ..................................................206 LIST OF REFERENCES.........................................................................................................211
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