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Egyptian History 19 October 2015

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Egyptian History 19 October 2015 Egyptian History 19 October 2015 The Late Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period Things Fall Apart? Kingship and society in a 6me of change Chronology Late Old Kingdom (Memphis) c. 2181-2160 BC Dynasty 7 Dynasty 8 First Intermediate Period (Herakleopolis) c. 2160-2025 BC First Intermediate Period (Thebes) Dynasty 9 c. 2125-2004 Dynasty 10 Dynasty 11 (first half) Relang evidence and qUes6ons in the First Intermediate Period • Royal Decrees • When is the FIP? • Private Tombs • Who holds authority, – AUtobiographies how and where? – Art • Social strUcture and – Coffin Texts religioUs changes? • Later literature • Condi6on of the • Rock Inscrip6ons coUntry? • Archaeological data • WHY DID IT HAPPEN? • Climate data Coptos, Neferkauhor, late 8th Dynasty HorUs Netjerybau A royal decree to the beloved one of the god, the iry pat, overseer of the pyramid town, vizier, overseer of Upper Egypt, overseer of priests, stolist of Min, Shemai. (With regard to) yoUr son, the haty-a and overseer of priests Idi, he is (now) haty-a, seal-bearer of the king of Lower Egypt, overseer of Upper Egypt, and overseer of priests soUth as far as the first nome of Upper Egypt, and north to the seventh, and Under his command do the haty-a, the seal-bearers of the king of Lower Egypt, the sole companions, the overseers of priests, the cheifs and the rUlers of towns, and their associates operate. My majesty has commanded that he serve as an official and that he shoUld carry oUt his dU6es in these nomes in accordance with yoUr commands, and that he serve as yoUr spokesman. No man has any legal claim against this. …. Sealed in the presence of the king himself, second month of peret season, day 20. From the tomb of Idi at Coptos, late 8th Dynasty: “Neferkauhor (the king), year of the first occasion, foUrth month of the Shemu season, day 2: seng off for Ra-henu for the second 6me in order to bring noble stone from… Beginning of the speech of the officials throUghoUt the nomes of Upper Egypt. The god’s father, beloved one of the god, iry pat, foster-child of the king, haty-a, overseer of Upper Egypt, Idi. I established monUments… And I made pleasant with incense this soUl chapel of my father and my ancestors so that these soUl chapels of these noble ones were like…. And I refreshed and set Up the statues of these noble ones, these iry pat, which I foUnd in a state of disrepair… I never gave him (his father) a reason to be disappointed. I never did anything which was distastefUl to him. For my part, I looked for every man who had a problem with him, for he has let me know everyone among them who was in his hoUse. I have got rid of them totally, I have dispossessed them. The Khetys of Heracleopolis Ankh6fi of Moalla: a nomarch of the Herakleopolitan Period From Ankh6fi’s autobiography: Member of the elite, high official, army-overseer Ankh6fi the forcefUl, who says: Now, the army leader of Armant came to say: “Come, yoU man! The western fortresses are open.” I went downstream via the western ones of Armant and foUnd that the Theban and Cop6te nomes both had opened the fortresses of Armant at Semekhsen’s cliff, aboUt which I had been pe66oned to. Then I was brave with my arms against them there, like a harpoon on the nose of a hippopotamUs who has fled, having gone Upstream to topple their fortresses with the forcefUl troop of Moalla. SUch am I, an UneqUaled man. The Theban kings of the First Intermediate Period Dynasty 11 (first part) (Mentuhotep aa (the great)) Intef I (HorUs SeherUtawy) Intef II (HorUs Wahankh) Intef III (HorUs Nakhtnebtepnefer) Nebheptre Montuhotep Relief from Tod, reign of Nebhepetre El-Tarif Deir el-Bahri Map of Thebes Regional tomb styles: saff tombs at Thebes Stelae of Intef II from Thebes: "[...] her northern boUndary as far as the nome of Aphroditopolis. I drove in the mooring stake in the sacred valley, I captured the en6re Thinite nome, I opened all her fortresses, I made her the Door of the North [...] like a flood, great in possessions, like a sea, splendid for the glory of Thebes, great for the [...] of this land, which I myself have beqUeathed to my son, [...] . There is no lie that has come forth from my moUth, there is no word like that which I have spoken. There was no violence for one (dwelling) Upon his sandy land, nor [...] for one in possession of his paternal property, nor [...] them forever and ever. Year 50, when this stela was set Up [...] by [...] HorUs, Wahankh, King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Son of Re, In[tef], the great" From the stela of Tje6, treasUrer of Intef II: "I passed a long period of years Under the majesty of my lord, HorUs, Wahankh, King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Son of Re, Intef, this land being Under his authority Up-river as far as [Thes] and down-river as far as Thinis… He made me great, he advanced my rank…the treasUre was in my hand Under my seal, being the best of every good thing broUght to the majesty of my lord from Upper Egypt, from Lower Egypt (sic) of everything that gladdens the heart, as tribUte from this en6re land, owing to fear of him throUghoUt this land " Intef II colUmn from Karnak .
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