2018 NHBB Middle School National Bee 2017-2018 Round 8 Round 8 Regulation Tossups

(1) This policy was criticized by Robert Taft, who described it as sharing “chewing gum” since “you don’t want it back.” Edward Stettinius administrated this policy that was hidden in the military’s budget. This policy expanded the previous cash-and-carry program and ended American neutrality. For the point, name this World War II policy of loaning weapons to the Allies. ANSWER: Lend-Lease program

(2) This man concluded one campaign by having his troops wash their weapons in the ocean to signal victory. Like Moses, this man was said to have been discovered as a baby in a basket. This man spent his early career serving Ur-Zababa as a cupbearer in the kingdom of Kish, but rose to power usurping Lugalzaggisi of Uruk. For the point, name this founder of the Akkadian Empire. ANSWER: Sargon the Great (or Sargon of Akkad)

(3) This case established that Congress’ implied powers could enforce the Constitution’s express powers. In this case, the “necessary and proper clause” was supported by John Marshall who concluded “That the power to tax involves the power to destroy.” For the point, name this 1819 case that ruled that states could not levy taxes on the Second Bank of the United States. ANSWER: James McCulloch v. Maryland

(4) This text is known in printed form as a chumash, as opposed to a sefer in scroll form. This text originally consisted of 613 mitzvot. The feast day of Shavuot commemorates God’s revelation of this text, which Rashi claims was recorded by Moses. By rabbinical definition, this text includes the first five Old Testament books. For the point, name this religious document whose name is Hebrew for “Law” or “Teaching.” ANSWER: Torah (prompt on Pentateuch; prompt on Tanakh)

(5) This group was given their iconic Armalite rifles by Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi. Bobby Sands led this group in fighting for the “five demands” during a hunger strike. This group planted a bomb in the fishing boat of Lord Mountbatten and detonated another bomb at a hotel in Brighton where Margaret Thatcher was staying. For the point, name this paramilitary group that fought for an independent Ireland. ANSWER: Provisional IRA (accept Provisional Irish Republican Army)

(6) This policy was continued a hundred years later when Special Economic Zones were set up by the Communists. This policy asked European nations to not grant special privileges within their own Asian sphere of influences to merchants. It was designed by John Hay in the late 19th century. For the point, name this policy where the United States proposed that China trade with foreign partners on an equal basis. ANSWER: Open Door policy

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(7) This position’s holder typically lives in the , which was targeted in 1968 by the paramilitary Unit 124. The Sunshine Policy of reconciliation was created by a holder of this position. In 2017, allegations of receiving advice from a shaman prompted Park Geun-hye to resign this position. For the point, name this position currently held by Moon Jae-in as the leader of a country with capital . ANSWER: President of (or President of the Republic of Korea; prompt on partial answers, like “leader of South Korea,” “President of Korea,” etc.)

(8) This man was accused by Ronald Fisher of falsifying “most, if not all” of the data he recorded in his experiments. An error named for this man occurs when an organism has an allele it couldn’t have possibly received from its parents. “Experiments on Plant Hybridization” was written by, for the point, what Austrian friar who discovered the basics of genetic inheritance while working with pea plants? ANSWER: Gregor Mendel

(9) This man was elected after Mark Hanna advocated for a front-porch campaign strategy. This man increased foreign taxes under the Dingley Tariff and officially put an end to bimetallism by signing the the Gold Standard Act. Despite foul play from Sanford Dole to acquire the territory, this man signed a bill that annexed Hawaii. For the point, name this president who led the nation in the Spanish-American War. ANSWER: William McKinley

(10) This region was home to a terror group that assassinated prime minister Luis Blanco during Operation Ogre. Sabino Arana led the independence movement for this region, which began with attempts to protect the Bay of Biscay’s culture and is now carried on by the terrorist group ETA. For the point, name this region of north Spain which is situated by the Pyrenees and has a capital at Bilbao. ANSWER: Basque Country

(11) This agreement was proposed for the Articles of Confederation during a debate that taxes should be paid by the entire populace except “Indians.” James Wilson and Roger Sherman tabled this policy, which was adopted to limit the South’s Congressional representation. For the point, name this compromise for the census that decided that slaves should have a fractional value in calculating state population. ANSWER: Three-Fifths Compromise

(12) This man’s general Corbulo negotiated peace with the Parthian Empire, and Suetonius was able to quell the revolt of Boudicca during this man’s reign. This man’s attempts to construct a Golden House led the populace to blame him for the Great Fire, though this man blamed the Christians. The Year of Four Emperors began after, for the point, the death of what emperor, who was said to have fiddled as Rome burned? ANSWER: Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus

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(13) This group’s standard supply issue consisted of a Bible, a Colt and a rifle, and an airhorn to warn people of arrival. St. Joseph was the origin point of operation for this group. It was put out of business with the advent of the transcontinental telegraph and only operated from 1860 to 1861. For the point, name this group that was able to transport mail from Missouri to California on horseback. ANSWER: Pony Express

(14) This man painted a red truck about to smash into a black car in his Death on the Ridge Road. Three members of the Daughters of the Revolution stand in front of a painting of Washington crossing the Delaware in a painting by this man. This man’s sister, Nan, posed in one of his paintings that shows her next to an old farmer holding a pitchfork. For the point, name this artist of American Gothic. ANSWER: Grant Wood

(15) This man’s secretary Helen Gandy spent weeks destroying his “Personal File” after his death. The Venona decryption project was spearheaded by this man, who also ran the COINTELPRO program to weed out dissidents and attempted to get Martin Luther King to commit suicide. John Dillinger was labeled Public Enemy Number One by this man. For the point, name this long-serving head of the FBI. ANSWER: John Edgar Hoover

(16) This site was discovered when a farmer alerted explorers of a place called “Old Peak,” prompting an expedition to discover Vitcos. The Condor Stone and the Room With Three Windows were discovered as this site, as well as the Watana stone dedicated to the worship of Inti. This site was reached after a boat ride down the Urubamba River. For the point, name this Peruvian site found by Hiram Bingham. ANSWER: Machu Picchu

(17) This battle featured Nathan Bedford Forrest’s cavalry charge at the Fallen Timbers. Benjamin Prentiss’ troops defended the Hornet’s Nest on the first day of this battle. The death of Albert Sidney Johnston and the arrival of reinforcements from Pittsburg Landing allowed Union forces to take victory in this battle. Named for a church, for the point, name this 1862 victory for Ulysses S. Grant in Tennessee. ANSWER: Battle of Shiloh (accept Battle of Pittsburg Landing before mentioned)

(18) This empire gained control of Armenia after sending Rhadamistus to invade. This empire was founded by Arsaces I after he conquered the Seleucids. In its most famous battle, this empire used light cavalry to defeat a Roman testudo formation before pouring molten gold down the throat of the defeated commander, Crassus. For the point, name this Persian-based empire that was victorious at Carrhae. ANSWER: Parthian Empire (accept Arsacid empire before mentioned)

(19) This man initiated the Massacre of Novgorod during the Livonian War, and he blinded the architect of St. Basil’s Cathedral so that nothing as beautiful could ever be produced again. This man used the oprichniki secret police to suppress the boyar class. Feodor succeeded this man after he killed his son in a rage, leading to the Time of Troubles. For the point, name this Russian tsar named for his cruelty. ANSWER: Ivan the Terrible (or Ivan IV Vasilyevich; accept Ivan Grozny)

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(20) This family included a member who stated politics is the “Science of human Happiness” in his Thoughts on Government.A member of this family told her husband to “remember the ladies.” George Washington’s Vice President was from this family. Abigail was a member of, for the point, what political family that included the 2nd and 6th Presidents of the United States? ANSWER: Adams (accept Abigail Adams; accept John Adams; accept John Quincy Adams)

(21) This battle turned when no reserves arrived to help Michel Ney after his capture of La Haye Sainte. Plancenoit was targeted by Friedrich von Bulow as the arrival of Gebhard von Blucher’s Prussians helped secure victory in this battle. This battle’s loser was forced into exile at St. Helena after he was defeated by the Duke of Wellington. For the point, name this final defeat of Napoleon. ANSWER: Battle of Waterloo

(22) This thinker was convinced by Queen Christina to publish a work based on his discussions with Princess Elisabeth titled Passions of the Soul. An argument centered on a piece of wax helped this author of Meditations on First Philosophy discuss the difference between mind and soul that became known as his namesake dualism. For the point, name this French philosopher who said “I think therefore I am.” ANSWER: Rene Descartes

(23) This event was directed by Otto Braun before he was sacked at the Zunyi Conference. During the mythical battle of Luding during this event, troops were forced to cross a bridge under heavy fire. The Encirclement Campaigns forced surviving troops to begin this event and attempt to escape to the Shaanxi Soviet. For the point, name this military retreat led by Mao Zedong. ANSWER: Long March

(24) This country was the site of the Battle of Tora Bora, where a fugitive was nearly captured in the White Mountains. The Northern Alliance aided a NATO invasion of this country during Operation Enduring Freedom. This country was invaded after its government harbored Osama Bin Laden following the 9/11 attacks. For the point, name this country where American troops deposed the Taliban in Kabul. ANSWER: Afghanistan

(25) This country hosted the first Olympics to feature a named mascot after debuting the dog Waldi. In this country, the Black September terrorist group managed to kill 11 members of an Israeli Olympic team. During another Olympics hosted in this country, Jesse Owens was allegedly snubbed out of a handshake. For the point, name this country that hosted the 1936 and 1972 Olympics, the former overseen by Hitler. ANSWER: Germany

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Extra Tossups

(1) This position was held by Charles Wilson, who held the belief that “what’s good for General Motors is good for the U.S.” The first holder of this position, James Forrestal, committed suicide by jumping out of a window. This position was created by consolidating the departments of Navy and War. For the point, name this Cabinet position, currently held by James Mattis, that is responsible for the military. ANSWER: Secretary of Defense

(2) This location was assaulted by troops after the April 26 edition of the People’s Daily advocated for “taking a clear-cut stand against disturbances.” On June 5, a man at this location was famously photographed attempting to block a moving tank during a 1989 protest against Deng Xiaoping. A portrait of Chairman Mao overlooks, for the point, what Beijing square located next to the Forbidden City? ANSWER: Tiananmen Square

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