Scoreboard of the Walloon Environment 2004 Summary

Ministry of the Walloon Region Directorate-General for Natural Resources and the Environment This brochure is a summary of the Scoreboard of the Walloon Environment 2004. It presents the major trends that came out of the analysis of the 58 environmen- tal indicators covered in the complete report.

Publisher with legal liability Collaboration DELBEUCK Claude, The Scoreboard of the Walloon Director-general, MRW – DGRNE Environment is the fruit of a mammoth undertaking that involved more than 200 Publication team people from the Walloon Region’s General coordination : ministries, scientific circles and various HALLET Catherine, Attachée, MRW – DGRNE – DCE other bodies. The team responsible for putting this report together would like to Coordination of university contributions : ZACCAÏ Edwin and BOURDEAU Philippe, express their gratitude to all these Professors, ULB – IGEAT – CEDD contributors. Permanent scientific team : BARBIER Yvan, PhD in Science, Agr. Engineer Photography credits BOULANGER Christophe, Graduat in Computer Science J.-L. Carpentier sauf: BRAHY Vincent, PhD in Agricultural Science, Agr. •Couverture (bulles à verre, champs, Engineer cerf-volant), p 8 (logo), p 18, p 24, p 26, CALLENS Isabelle, PhD in Management, Sales p 27, p 28 (sacs), p 29: Y. Barbier Engineer •p 4 (population) et DOZZI Joël, Licence (BS) in Biochem. and Molec. p 5 (infrastructures): ISSeP Biology, DES in Envir. •p 10 (logo): V. Brahy •p 10 (érosion): V. Hallet GODIN Marie-Céline, Licence (BS) in Biology •p 14: Ph. Goffart GOOR François, PhD in Agricultural Science, •p 21: C. Hallet Agric. Engineer With the secretarial assistance of : DOYEN Brigitte, PATRIS Catherine and van der KELEN Manuela

|2| Avant-propos du Ministre From environmental management to the challenge of sustainable development

he notion of environment goes back to duty to contribute to its conservation, in a tributed as widely as possible. The 2004 the sixties. At that time, an increasing process of active involvement. Scoreboard of the Walloon Environment pro- T number of voices were raised against vides an overview and a summary of the its deterioration. The Rio Declaration in 1992 consecrates that state of our environment. It is published in stage: the citizens' right to participate in an edition of 6000 copies and is put on line Fifteen or so years went by before the first decision making and to be previously on the Region's website. environmental policies were implemented. informed. The environment was then a separate mat- The objective of this summary is to make this , a rather marginal one, a subject that In 1993, in , that principle entered information accessible to the greatest num- needed to be better understood and the Constitution. The Walloon Region ber. explained to the public. included it in most of its environmental leg- islation. It is actually no longer conceivable My wish is that this report provides an In the nineties, a new concept came to light: to improve the environment without inform- opportunity for citizens to evaluate their sustainable development. From then on, the ing all citizens and without their support. efforts and persuades them even further to environment had to form an integral part of Citizens must take part in environmental participate in the adjustment measures other policies; it took on a global dimension management, in respect for the environment required to assure and achieve sustainable and no longer concerned only “everyday” and in its protection by integrating it into development and improve the quality of life, management but aimed at future genera- their acts and behaviours. for us, for our children and for Humanity. tions. Consequently, environmental evaluation is a Benoît LUTGEN Such an outlook means that every citizen of key tool, which belongs to Society. Every Minister of Agriculture, Rurality, the world is entitled to benefit from a year, the Walloon Region publishes a report Environment and Tourism healthy environment and has a correlative on the state of its environment, which is dis- of the Walloon Region |3| The Walloon Region’s Business Card

The Walloon Region in Europe

Belgium Wallonia European Union

Institutional framework Population

❚ The Walloon Region is one of the three regions that ❚ The 3 368 250 inhabitants (counted as of make up the Belgian Federal State. 1/1/2003) make up about one-third of the coun- ❚ Its official languages are French and German try’s population. (German-speaking Community). ❚ The gross domestic product per capita ❚ Following the Belgian State’s reorganisation into (€ 18 617/inhab/yr in 2002) is about 25% below regions, the Walloon Region acquired widespread the EU-15 mean (€ 24 061/inhab/yr). powers in environmental matters, for example.

Land use

Vlaamse Gewest Région de Bruxelles-Capitale Nederland

Lys Dendre e

te Geer Senne Gueule Berwinne DyleWavre Gde Gett Cl. Albert Pte Get Vesdre Tournai Dendre Liège Escaut Ath

Territory Mehaigne

2 Cl. Blaton- Cl. du Centre ❚ The Walloon Region covers 16 844 km , or more Namur Haine Mons than half of Belgium. Charleroi Amblève he Molignée Bocq Ourt ❚ bre Sambre Farmland covers more than 50 % and woodland Sam Philippeville about 30 % of its surface area. The Sambre-Meuse Lesse Marche-en- he Or. Our Famenne Ourt Hermeton cc. Deutschland “furrow” (the Sambre and Meuse/Maas river val- he O Viroin urt Eau Blanche Lhomme O leys), along with its extension towards the Scheldt Bastogne Eau Noire sub-basin to the west, is a densely populated and M Oise euse industrialised area. The population density, density Libramont Sure of towns, number of industries and degree of agri- ZoneWooded boisée area Grand Duché cultural activity north of this line are greater than ZoneFarming agricole area de south of this line, where forests predominate. NoyauxResidential d’habitats areas (1 700 (1700 à 10 000 to hab.)10000 inhab.) SemoisArlon NoyauxResidential d’habitats areas (plus (over de 10 00010000 hab.) inhab.) 02010 km

Sources: INS; MRW-DGRNE; MRW-DGATLP |4| Main industries

Wavre Liège Tournai Engis Verviers Namur

Mons Charleroi

Philippeville Marche-en- Famenne Economic activity Bastogne ❚ Wallonia’s industrial past is marked by coal mines, steel mills, and chemicals. All the region’s Libramont coal mines have been closed. In contrast, some major steelworks continue to operate and the chemical concerns, which continue to abound in the region, are diversifying into biotechnology and pharmaceuticals as well. As in other regions 02010 km of Europe, Wallonia’s tertiary sector is booming. Sources: ONSS; INASTI (according to the ICEDD, 2003)

Main transport infrastructures

Transport infrastructures ❚ The region has a very dense network of transport arteries, located as it is at the crossroads of two major Waterways European economic axes (one north/south, the other Rail network east/west). TGV (high-speed train) line (2003) Waterways MotorwaysRail network Major roadsTGV (high-speed train) line (2003) AirportsMotorways Major roads Airports 02010 km Sources: MET; SNCB; CPDT |5| Air The ambient air is a fundamental resource. Its quality depends on the discharges of pollu- tants into the air. The levels of air pollution in the Walloon Region and their impacts on health and the environment depend not only on local pollution emissions, but also on emissions outside the region’s borders. That is why most of its air quality and pollution control policies are developed on the European and international levels.

In ratifying the Kyoto Protocol and under the terms of a Belgian commitment distribution agreement, the Walloon Region has commit- ted itself to reducing its greenhouse gas

Greenhouse gas emissions in the Walloon Region emissions 7.5% below its 1990 levels by 2010. compared with Kyoto targets and emissions forecasts for 2010 The Walloon Region is on target, for it GHG emissions Linear 7.5 % emissions abatement Scenario with additional between 1990 and 2010 abatement measures reduced its emissions 2.9 % between 1990 (Kyoto targets) planned in the Air Plan 105 and 2001, despite unfavourable develop- ments in the transport sector. The implemen- 100 tation of the measures that are currently 97,11 being considered should result in an overall 95 94,53 abatement of 5.5 % in 2010. This means that the region will probably have to buy emis- 90 sions permits from other countries to meet its 92,50 international commitments. Its acidifying Base 100 (1990 = 100) 85 substances emissions levels have also fallen 90 91 92 93 94 95 7 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 19 19 19 19 19 19 1996 199 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 (about 30 % between 1990 and 2001). Sources: MRW – DGRNE – DPA – Cellule Air ; Rapport national des inventaires belges |6| de gaz à effet de serre (1990-2001) (Avril 2003) Nevertheless, the abatement effort must con- Emissions of acidifying substances in the Walloon Region tinue to reach the targets set for 2010. and projections compared with emissions ceilings set for 2010

SO2 8 000 When it comes to air quality, high ozone NOx NH3 peaks were recorded in the summer of 2003, which was marked by unusually high temper- 6 000 atures and levels of sunshine. This confirms how hard it is to control this type of pollu- 4 000 tion. The same goes for suspended particles (PM ), the concentrations of which still 10 2 000 exceed health protection threshold values in some spots, especially in the country’s most sensitive industrial areas. In contrast, the sit- AE Tonnes 0 10 10 90 91 92 93 94 95 98 99 00 01 20 ions 20 19 19 19 19 19 19 1996 1997 19 19 20 20 ect ngs uation is improving for sulphur, lead, and proj ceili heavy metals, the air concentrations of which Source: MRW – DGRNE – DPA – Cellule Air have been falling steadily.

At the end of 2003 the Walloon Region Exceedances of tropospheric ozone concentration thresholds The higher for human health protection* in the Walloon Region values in rural adopted an “Action Plan for Air Quality for areas are due to the sparser 30 traffic (and thus 2010”. This “Air Quality Plan” proposes some Rural measuring lower concentra- structural changes (changes in legislation points tions of nitrogen monoxide emis- and infrastructure) and changes in individu- 20 sions, which Target values inhibit the for- (2010) als’ behaviour. It also embodies the initiatives mation of tro- pospheric launched by the European institutions to con- Urban ozone) and trol air pollution and combat climate change. 10 measuring greater density points of vegetation The Regional CO2 Quota Allocation Plan was (which naturally Long-term produces thus drawn up in this context to enable the 0 objectives volatile organic compounds that region to participate in the European CO2 Number of days exceedance are precursors of 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 tropospheric emissions trading market as of 1 January 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 ozone) than in 2005. * Directive 2002/3/EC relating to ozone in ambient air. urban areas. Sources: ISSeP (telemetrics network) ; FPMs (Air Quality data base) |7| Water Despite Wallonia’s high population density, improvement in bathing water quality to the the region’s water resources are not over- point where three-fourths of the region’s utilised, at least not on the regional scale. official bathing areas meet European stan- Still, the amounts drawn off each year never- dards. This positive development results theless amount to approximately two-thirds mainly from reductions in the discharges of of the region’s renewable ground water industrial wastewaters and huge collective reserves. and individual sewage treatment efforts. The region’s public wastewater treatment plants’ The Walloon Region must also monitor and capacity effectively almost doubled over a preserve the quality of its water. The state of decade to tip the scales at 2.5 million inhabi- its surface waters has improved over the past tant equivalents in 2003. The situation is few years, especially when it comes to organic more problematic for the region’s ground pollution and eutrophication (nitrogen and water, where nitrogen and pesticide concen- phosphorus levels). This drop in pollution has trations are continuing their steady rises in led to a generalised rise in the biological certain areas. quality of the region’s watercourses and The European Water Framework Directive Proportion of measuring stations where water quality advocates more comprehensive and inte- is good to very good in the Walloon Region grated water management by river basin and

90 % Organic and oxidizable matter Phosphorus compounds Biological index Nitrogen compounds (excluding nitrates) 80 %

70 %

60 %

96 97 98 99 00 01 02 19 19 19 19 20 20 20

Sources: MRW – DGRNE – DE – Direction des Eaux de Surface (AQUAPHYC, SEQ – ESU – Aptitude à la biologie (Suitability for life) data base); MRW – DGRNE – CRNFB – Direction de la Nature, de la Chasse et de la Pêche |8| (IBGN = Standardised Comprehensive Biological Index) sub-basin. The aim is to have all of the bod- Discharges of industrial* wastewater ies of water of the European Community in the Walloon Region by host environment achieve good quality by 2015. Consequently, 800 Discharges into surface water Discharges into sewers not Wallonia has been divided into fifteen river 700 connected to a treatment plant sub-basins that henceforward constitute the Discharges into sewers connected to a treatment plant management units for quality objectives, river 600 contracts, fish management, sewer system 500 planning and wastewater treatment. This new 400 management approach has led the Walloon 300 Region to reorganise the water supply and distribution sector and adapt its surveillance 200 100 The Pollution networks. More integrated action plans have Load Unit (PLU) reflects both the also been developed, notably in the areas of load (PLU/yrPollution x 1000) 0 discharge volumes and flood control and the sustainable manage- 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 their pollutant ment of nitrogen in agriculture. * Thermal discharges are not included in calculating the pollution load concentrations. Source: MRW – DGRNE – DE – Direction de la Taxe et de la Redevance

Number of ground water intakes Nominal capacities of treatment plants in the Walloon Region in the Walloon Region where the water quality has changed or remained in the same quality class 2 800 between 1996-1999 and 2000-2003 2 400 NITRATES PESTICIDES 2 000 34 102 45 82 1000)

1 600

1 200

800

400

TOTAL 699 563 TOTAL 401 274 Number of inhabitant equivalents (x 0

82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 03 Improvement Deterioration No change 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20

Source: MRW – DGRNE – DE – Direction des eaux souterraines (SEQ – ESO – Heritage State) Sources: SPGE ; MRW – DGRNE – DE – Direction des eaux de Surface |9| Soils The soil is a resource that is not easily renew- the past thirty years. This trend is explained able. Its deterioration in Europe results notably by increasingly erosive rainfall and mainly from erosion and local and dissemi- increasingly exposed farmland during the nated pollution. These phenomena play a part period of the year that is most critical for in reducing the soil’s ecological functions and water erosion. fertility and contaminating watercourses, notably through build-ups of sediment and When it comes to local ground pollution, the associated substances (nutrients, pesticides, Walloon Region has compiled an inventory of and so on). some 6 000 potentially contaminated sites. Great progress has been made in the past few According to estimates, the region’s water- years in characterising and securing the most courses carry some 750000 tonnes of eroded soil particles out of Wallonia each year. These quantities allegedly increased 14 to 155 per- cent, depending on the river sub-basin, over

Eroded soil particles exported to waterways in the Walloon Region

1 000

800

600

400 1000)

200

tonnes/yr (x 0

71 75 80 85 90 95 00 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 |10| Source: EPICgrid_PIRENE modelling (UHAGx – FUSAGx, 2003) polluted sites. The areas that have been decontaminated practically quadrupled between 2000 and 2003, thanks notably to the substantial financial means made avail- able for this purpose. Today, the risks of soil’s being contaminated by risky industrial activi- ties are low as a rule. Indeed, the amounts of dust and metallic trace elements that are deposited near these industries are on aver- age below the acceptable limit values for such This strategy advocates the development of a marily to speed up land remediation proce- substances. surveillance network and better integration of dures and makes it possible to designate the soil protection in local and sectoral policies. parties responsible for soil pollution (past Since 2001 the European Union has devel- The Walloon Region’s brand-new “Soils and present) and those that will have to bear oped a thematic strategy for soil protection. Decree” ties in with this strategy. It aims pri- the cost of decontaminating the land.

Mean deposition of sedimentable dust near industrial Surface areas decontaminated infrastructures in the Walloon Region in the Walloon Region 400

6 Landfills Industrial 350 brownfields 5 Acceptable 300 Limit Value

250 4 Quarries, lime kilns, cement plants 200 3 Steel mills, 150 incinerators 2 100 Chemical plants 1 50 Rural area Mean values (background Deposits (mg/m².day) 0 concentration) Hectare 0 from a network of 115 Owen 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 00 01 02 03 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 20 20 20 20 gauges. 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 Source: SPAQuE (2003 Activity Report) Source: ISSeP (Sedimentable Dust Network) |11| Land use With a total surface area of 16 844 km2, the infrastructure and facilities that in turn cre- Walloon Region has a population density of ate environmental pressure. So, the resulting 200 people per km2 (or 2 people per ha), fragmentation of land units and deterioration which makes it one of the most densely pop- of specific sensitive environments are detri- ulated regions in the European Union. Half of mental to biodiversity, whilst the increase in the population lives in urban areas where the transport due to the spatial dispersal of activ- population density exceeds 25 per ha (these ities has contributed to the rise in energy use areas cover about 3 % of the territory). and polluting emissions. Urbanisation has engulfed an additional 48 000 ha (+27 %) since 1980, mainly at the Area plans are the legal basis for assigning expense of agricultural land. land use (areas for urban expansion, agricul- tural zones, wooded zones, etc.). Since these The scattered siting of housing, industry, plans were first implemented more than shops, and public services (in other words, twenty years ago they have undergone vari- built-up areas) has led to the development of ous changes, mainly to benefit urbanisation. So, in 2004 the Walloon Government adopted a thematic revision of the area plans allowing Surface areas of the major land use categories in the Walloon Region the designation of thirty-five new areas of economic activity for a total surface area of agricultural land built-up land woodland other non 1 600 hectares. In the same vein, following built-up land 1000 the 1997 amendment of the Walloon Land-use

800

600

400 1000) 200

Hectare (x 0

2 4 86 8 0 92 1980 198 198 19 198 199 19 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

|12| Source: CPDT (based on land registry data) Evolution des superficies des terres bâties en Région wallonne The apparent regression in the municipality of Chimay comes from the fact that several prop- erties unregistered with the land registry (previously classi- Wavre fied as roadways and transport infrastructure) have become. Tournai Liège Verviers

Mons Charleroi Namur

Marche-en- Philippeville Famenne

Chimay Bastogne Libramont Advance between 1990 and 2002 regression For more from +1 to +10 % increase on this topic from +10,1 to +20 % increase Arlon from +20,1 to +30 % increase 02010 km The Standing Conference on up 30 % or more Territorial Development (CPDT) published its first Source: CPDT (based on land registry data) Territorial Development Planning, Town Planning and Heritage Code Scoreboard (Tableau de bord (CWATUP), the so-called ’’housing extension du développement territorial – areas” have been relabelled “areas for future TBDT) in the spring of 2004. development”. This concerns 18500 hectares This appraisal gives a number – slightly more than 1% of the region’s terri- of indicators that are relevant tory – that the municipalities may assign to to the subject. all types of urbanisation. If additional meas- http://cpdt.wallonie.be ures are not taken, this urbanisation poten- tial is likely to increase the pressure that is exerted on the environment.

|13| Fauna, Flora As in many other parts of the world, biodiver- tats by alien species remains a localised phe- sity is continuing to decline in the Walloon nomenon, but one that can also upset the & Habitats Region. So, 422, or about 28%, of the total of local animal populations or environments 1491 animal and plant species studied are greatly. Nature management that fails to threatened with extinction in the region. Fish, allow sufficiently for the interactions butterflies, and reptiles are in the most pre- amongst the various species that the areas carious position, for 55, 66 and 71 percent of harbour can also lead to critical situations. the fish, butterfly, and reptile species, respec- So, the rises in the forests’ deer and wild boar tively, have disappeared from or are threat- populations jeopardise not only the success ened in the region. Conservation measures for of natural regeneration (depending on the these groups thus fall short of the mark. tree species, approximately 20 to 30 percent of the regenerating stands are damaged by The main causes of this situation are the dis- these ungulates), but also underbrush biodi- appearance of, fragmentation of, and versity. Finally, climate change is a tangible changes in habitats (including nutrient threat that is likely to affect the less mobile influxes). The colonisation of specific habi- species in particular.

Status of amphibia and reptiles in the Walloon Region (evaluation 2004)

14% 14% Regionally extinct species Endangered species

Vulnerable species Species not threatened or of minor concern Species whose status has not been determined

31% 27%

number of species = 22 14%

|14| Source: Société d’études ornithologiques AVES AVES (AVES ornithological study society – Atlas of batracians and reptiles of Wallonia) Concerns the Surface areas subject to strict protection in the Walloon Region forest reserves, Especially rare or fragile sites, such as open state nature habitats and wetlands in particular, require 10 000 reserves, char- tered nature stricter protection, for they are key elements reserves, and 8 000 wetlands of bio- of ecological networks, in which they serve logical interest, plus 57 under- as species population reservoirs. At the end 6 000 ground cavities of scientific of 2003 the Walloon Region had slightly interest. more than 9 500 ha of strictly protected 4 000 land. This is about 0.5 % of the region’s sur- face area. 2 000

Hectare 0

0 5 1957 1960 1965 197 1975 1980 198 1990 1995 2000 2003 Source: MRW – DGRNE – DNF – Direction de la Nature Proportions of natural regions in the Walloon Region proposed for Natura 2000 status RégionRégion sablo-limoneusesablo-limoneuse

Wavre Liège The European Union has set its sights on halt- Tournai e Verviers ing the decline in biodiversity by 2010. To neus limo gion achieve this goal, it has opted to try to strike Mons RégionRé limoneuse Namur a balance between the various uses of a plot Charleroi CondrozCondroz of land and wildlife and habitat protection, Philippeville e nn rather than trying to separate nature from mennee Marche-en- FamFa Famenne humankind’s activities. The Natura 2000 net- Bastogne work, which covers some 13% of the Walloon ArdenneArdenne

Region’s territory, is taking shape in just such Libramont a spirit. Whilst its main aim is to conserve threatened plant and animal species and 3 %-10 % Arlon LorraineLorraine habitats, all human activities are not banned 10,1 %-20 % 02010 km for all that. more than 20 % (maximum = 30,5 %) Sources: MRW – DGRNE – CRNFB – Direction de la Nature, de la Chasse et de la Pêche; |15| MRW – DGRNE – DNF – Direction des Ressources forestières Households According to opinion polls, the great majority machinery, insulation of buildings, charac- of Wallonia’s population is concerned about teristics of products, etc.; the environment’s deterioration and is willing ❚ behavioural factors: perceptions, consumer to make efforts to prevent this. Yet, when it choices, etc. comes to action, environmentally friendly practices continue to remain limited. Between 1991 and 2003 the number of house- holds in Wallonia increased by close to 10% Households’ impacts on the environment compared with a roughly 3 % increase in the depend on many factors, to wit: population. The average size of the region’s ❚ economic factors: the household’s budget; households thus fell from 2.51 to 2.37 peo- cost of food, goods and services; housing ple. This trend has influenced residential and transportation costs, etc.; energy consumption, for example. Since the ❚ demographic factors: age classes, number, number of housing units depends on the size, and type of household; number of households, the latter’s rise has ❚ technological factors: energy efficiency of effectively entailed a general increase in the vehicles and household appliances and number of household appliances and heating

Residential energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the Walloon Region

Number of households Real energy end-use* GHG emissions 115

110

105

100 The particularly cold winter of 95 1996 led to high energy consumption 90 for heating and

Base 100 (1995 = 100) thus an 85 unusual spike in the region’s 90 91 92 93 94 95 98 99 00 01 02 19 19 19 19 19 19 1996 1997 19 19 20 20 20 2003 GHG emis- *Sans correction climatique sions. |16| Sources: INS INS (National registry); ICN (Comptes régionaux); MRW – DGTRE; MRW – DGRNE – DPA – Cellule Air Ecological product consumption in the Walloon Region

40% 1999 2000 2001

30 %

20 %

10 %

Percentages of respondents who state that they always or often buy: 0 % organically grown organically energy-saving rechargeable reusable fruit and vegetables raised meat light bulbs batteries bags

Source: Eco-consumption Network (based on CRIOC’s annual surveys) installations. In contrast, the residential the implementation of measures to encour- greenhouse gas emissions and water con- age environmentally friendly choices such as sumption trends are encouraging, for they labels and rebates. remained stable until 2001. On the other hand, more than three-quarters of the dis- tances travelled to get to work, schools and shops, and for leisure activities, are travelled by car.

The tools used by the government to limit the households’ negative environmental impacts At least one-car households in the Walloon Region include taxation, regulations, the promotion NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS of more eco-efficient technologies, informa- 2001 975 487 in 2001: 1 393189 tion, and awareness raising. A number of in 1991: 1298 828 policies are currently being conducted with a 1991 860 107 view to changing behaviour through aware- ness-raising campaigns and education and 0 200 000 400 000 600 000 800 000 1 000 000

Source: INS |17| Business Economic activity gives rise to various types of environmental pressure. These are linked primarily to the consumption of resources (energy, water and raw materi- als) and generation of waste.

In the Walloon Region, three-quarters of the wealth that is created (GDP) comes from the services sector. This sector’s growth has gone hand in hand with a rise in its energy needs. Industry accounts for close to half of the region’s end-user energy consumption. Gradual reconversion to producing less energy-intensive outputs and the use of cleaner fuels have neverthe-

less helped to lower the discharges of Main environmental pressures linked to industrial activity in the Walloon Region greenhouse gases and acidifying sub-

150 Industrial production index stances from combustion into the air. Total Industrial waste stock consumption of water, most of which is 140 Greenhouse gas emissions Acidifying pollutant emissions used for cooling systems, has followed the 130 Water consumption production index. Industrial wastewater Pollution load of wastewater discharges 120 treatment has also enabled the region’s

110 businesses to reduce their effluents’ pollu- tion loads by roughly 30 % in just a few 100 years. The region’s stock of industrial waste 90 increased until 2000, but more than 80 % 80 of the waste generated by its large and Base 100 (1995 = 100) 70 medium-sized enterprises is recovered and

90 91 92 93 94 95 98 99 00 01 19 19 19 19 19 19 1996 1997 19 19 20 20 reused (mainly physical reclamation).

|18| Sources: MRW – DGRNE – DCE (Rapport sur l'industrie wallonne 2004) ; MRW – DGTRE (Recueil de statistiques énergétiques wallonnes / Walloon Energy Statistics Compendium) ; MRW – DGRNE – DPA – Cellule Air Major accident hazard facilities (Seveso class) and nuclear power plants in the Walloon Region (2003)*

Some industrial activities and the transport and storage of hazardous materials can moreover generate major risks for the envi- ronment and/or human health. Specific surveillance and monitoring schemes have been set up to handle such cases. Very few incidents were reported on the 81 identi- fied sites at risk of a major accident in the Walloon Region in 2003.

GrandMajor Seveso Seveso The gradual inclusion of environmental CentraleNuclear nucléaire power plant PetitMinor Seveso Seveso concerns in the region’s enterprises’ oper- Nombre de sites Number of sites NoyauxResidential d’habitats nuclei (1 700 (1 700-10à 10 000 hab.) 000 inhab.) 9 - 12 ations is also reflected in their manage- 5 - 8 NoyauxResidential d’habitats nuclei (plus (more de 10 000than hab.) 10,000 inhab.) 02010 km 2 - 4 ZoneAgricultural agricole area ment choices. For example, environmental 1 ZoneWooded boisée area investments are increasingly integrated Source: MRW – DGRNE – DPA with their production processes. On the other hand, proactive approaches such as Breakdown of enterprises’ environmental investments in the Walloon Region by investment type voluntary commitments to improve envi- ronmental performance (branch agree- Curative (end-of-pipe) investments Integrated investments Risk prevention Site remediation ments and certification schemes) are on 2002 the rise, even though such certification as yet concerns only a small proportion of the 2001 region’s enterprises. 2000

1999

1998

Based on a survey 1997 of 220 industrial sites in the Walloon Region 0 %20 %40 %60 % 80 % 100 % Source: MRW – DGRNE – DCE (Environmental balance sheet of companies in 2004) |19| Agriculture The agricultural sector, which covers half of In this context, the main environmental prob- the Walloon Region’s surface area, is a major lems stemming from agriculture are the risks player when it comes to developing and man- of diffuse pollution due to nitrates in the aging rural areas. The pressure that it exerts region’s surface and ground water, the need on the environment is linked mainly to the to control the impacts of pesticide use on the intensification of production (mechanisation environment’s various compartments, and and utilisation of inputs), which is relatively reduced biodiversity in agricultural areas. high compared with the European mean, and changes in land use patterns. The latter have Various tools have been adopted to limit resulted in an overall reduction in the agricul- these pressures on the environment. They tural acreage that is under plant cover (mead- include agri-environmental measures (AEMs), ows and winter field crops) during the winter. the Sustainable Nitrogen Management Farming is also concentrated on an ever Programme (including livestock effluents), smaller number of farms. the environment permit, and the Natura 2000 network. The Europe-wide reform of the

Agricultural land in production in the Walloon Region

130 Forage maize Cultures industrielles* et pommes de terre Total utilised agricultural area (UAA) 120 Permanent meadows Winter corn 110 Autres utilisations du sol

Breakdown of UAA (year 2003) 100 9 % 7 %

90 14 %

80 23 %

Base 100 (1990 = 100) 70 47 %

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 TOTAL = 759 231 ha * Sugar beet, chicory, flax and rape for over 99% of areas

|20| Source: INS (Agricultural and horticultural census) Soil binding rates of animal husbandry by municipality in the Walloon Region (estimates for 2000)

Estimated soil-binding rate = Q/q Q = amount of effluent produced in the municipality q = amount of spreadable effluent in the municipality

eas) standard 80/210(vulnerable standard120/210 ar 0 - 80 % 81 - 90 % Union’s enlargement, genetically modified 91 - 100 % organisms, and Natura 2000’s actual imple- 101 - 110 % 02010 km mentation. more than 110 %

Vulnerable area or subject to specific environmental constraints (Pays de )

Source: MRW – DGRNE – DE – Direction de la Taxe et de la Redevance Agri-environmental measures implemented European Common Agricultural Policy, more- in the Walloon Region, by type of measure over, institutes a partial uncoupling of farm 2003 subsidies from production, with a switch to 2002 meeting certain environmental criteria, and 2001 the refinancing of rural development actions. Voluntary approaches and diversification are 2000 also encouraged. These include support for 1999 organic farming, farm tourism, farm certifi- 1998 cation schemes and labels, and non-food 1997 Other surface-related elements (ha) Winter ground cover (ha) crops such as biofuels, for example. Several 1996 Headlands and extensive strip meadows (ha) challenges of great scope are already looming Hedges and rows of trees (km) 1995 Old fruit trees, ponds (number) on the horizon, for example, the European 05 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000 Source: (CEEW computations) |21| Forest Forests cover some 545 000 hectares or one- management third of the Walloon Region. Together with the agricultural areas they are a major com- ponent of the rural area and landscape. Given their perennial nature, forests protect the ground from erosion, regularise the flow of water, serve as buffers in various element cycles – notably that of CO2 – and offer prime habitats for some plants and animals.

In the past, forest management in Wallonia focused mainly on logging. As a result, the region’s forests are currently little diversified. So, 64 % of the forestland is covered by monospecific forests of spruce (31 %), oak

Proportion of trees in the Walloon Region for which the defoliation rate is greater than 25%

35 % Conifers

30 % Broadleaved trees Beech 25 %

20 % (21 %), or beech (11 %). Close to 90 % of 15 % Wallonia’s forestland participates more or

10 % less intensively in timber production. The rest includes biotopes such as moors, fens, and 5 % ponds, which are often of great interest for 0 % the animals and plants that they harbour. The

91 92 3 94 96 00 02 1990 19 19 199 19 1995 19 1997 1998 1999 20 2001 20 2003 |22| Source: MRW – DGRNE – DNF – Direction des Ressources forestières forest must also cope with various problems Standing wood volumes in the Walloon Region such as disease (scolytids and bark beetles (Ips spp.)), decline, and high game densities, Beech Oak Other broadleaved species Spruce Other conifers without forgetting some cases of pressure 2000 linked to tourism. Overall, the trees’ bill of health has improved, even though the situa- tion remains worrisome for some species. 1984

On the regional scale, timber production 0 20 000 40 000 60 000 80 000 100 000 120 000 Volume of wood (x 1 000) remains a major function of the forest. It is indispensable to ensure the continuity of for- Source: MRW – DGRNE – DNF – Direction des Ressources forestières (IPRFW) est management in a context of reduced prof- itability as well as to ensure the continuation Forest coverage rate by natural region of a lumber industry in the Walloon Region. in the Walloon Region (year 2000) Currently, growth is outstripping the cull rates. The net result is thus an increase in the overall volume of standing wood.

Forest management is gradually changing to meet today’s environmental concerns. Wallonia’s forests, for example, have entered a certification process aimed at promoting economically viable, environmentally Percentage of friendly, and socially beneficial forest man- forest area agement. Slightly more than one-third of the Less than 15 % 15 - 30 % region’s forests have been certified so far. In 30 - 50 % addition, the planting of quality species that More than 50 % are adapted to local conditions and suffi- Broadleaved ciently diversified is also encouraged. Conifers 02010 km

Source: MRW – DGRNE – DNF – Direction des Ressources forestières (IPRFW) |23| Transport The demand for passenger and freight trans- port depends on factors such as economic growth, the service sector’s development, and land-use planning, without forgetting our households’ behaviour patterns.

The roads carry the bulk of passengers and goods in the Walloon Region, accounting for more than 90 and 80 percent of the passenger and goods transport demand, respectively. These are amongst the highest road transport use rates in Europe and are due in part to the influence of international transit. Although the trains and waterways are less important than the roads, their shares in the region’s

Transport demand and economic activity indices in the Walloon Region transport volumes are growing. Air traffic, for its part, is continuing to climb at the regional 118 airports at Bierset (Liège) and Gosselies 116 (Charleroi). 114

112 The intensification of transport by all these 110 means has generated pressure on the environ- 108 ment. This takes the form of increased energy Tonne-km * 106 consumption (up 21 % since 1990), higher 104 Gross value added emissions of greenhouse gases (up 23% since 102 Passenger-km* 1990) and other pollutants, fragmentation of Base 100 (1995 = 100) 100 the territory, and deterioration of ecosystems. 95 96 98 99 00 01 03 19 19 1997 19 19 20 20 2002 20 * Including international road transit Some of this pressure (particulate emissions, |24| Sources: ICN (regional accounts) ; SPF Mobilité et Transports (Federal Government Department of Mobility & Transport) ; MET – D112 ; MET – D212 ; CPDT ; SNCB (Belgian National Railways) noise, etc.) is detrimental to human health to 1990 levels). In addition, branch agreements planning, individual behaviour and the organ- various degrees. The increases in car and lorry have been signed with the automotive indus- isation of mass transportation in order to con- traffic also have more specific impacts on try to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of trol the rising transport demand and boost health and the environment, such as traffic new vehicles. However, additional efforts are the use of less environmentally-damaging jams, traffic accidents, and stress. necessary, notably when it comes to land-use means of transport.

Although current technological developments have made it possible to minimise the pres- Modal breakdown in the Walloon Region sure that certain types of transport exert on Roads* Trains Buses & trams Navigable waterways * Cars, motorcycles, lorries and utility vehicles, including international transit the environment, these benefits are jeopar- dised by the general increase in the number of Passengers vehicles on the road and distances travelled. (year 2003)

The combined effects of several European Goods Directives have nevertheless resulting in (year 2000) reducing acidifying substances emissions from 0 %20 %40 %60 %80 % 100 % Sources: SPF Mobilité et Transports Transports (Federal Government Department of Mobility & Transport) ; road transport in Wallonia (down 26 % from MET – D112 ; MET – D212 ; CPDT ; SNCB (Belgian National Railways)

Cumulative passenger and freight air transport in the Walloon Region

2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 Liège The Work Load 1996 Unit (WLU) is 2003 used to aggre- 2002 gate passenger 2001 and freight traffic 2000 data in order to 1999 compare airports 1998 with each other. 1997 Charleroi (1 passenger 1996 equals 1 WLU and 1 tonne of 0 500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 3 000 3 500 4 000 freight equals 10 WLUs). Work Load Unit (x 1000)

Source: MET – Walloon Airport Portal |25| Energy The Walloon Region has one of the highest When it comes to energy sources, we see a ratios of total energy consumption to cre- major drop in the consumption of the most ation of wealth (energy intensity ratio) in polluting fossil fuels (coal and its derivatives) Europe. This is explained notably by the his- and a rise in the use of natural gas. This trend torical importance of heavy industry in was responsible for a great reduction in the Wallonia’s economic landscape. The region’s emissions linked to electricity generation. The overall energy intensity is nevertheless tend- region’s electricity continues to be produced ing to drop, thanks to the emergence of less for the most part by nuclear power plants, energy-intensive industrial and service activi- which discharge practically no pollutants into ties with higher added value and improve- the air. On the other hand, they generate ments in the energy efficiency of existing radioactive waste. The rise in the region’s production processes. In the case of electric- consumption of oil products is linked in par- ity, the rise in consumption is linked mainly ticular to the rise in the demand for trans- to the rise in electrical appliances (services port. Finally, whilst the share of renewable sector and households) and the growth of energy sources is rising, it still covers only specific branches of industry. 2.1% of the region’s total energy needs.

Energy intensity of activity in the Walloon Region Given this context, the region’s main energy policy aims are to cap the demand for energy 115

110

105

100

95 Gross domestic product (GDP) Gross domestic energy consumption (GDEC) Energy intensity = GDEC/GDP Base 100 (1995 = 100) 90

95 96 97 01 19 19 19 1998 1999 2000 20 |26| Sources: ICN (Regional accounts); MRW – DGTRE – DE (Recueil de statistiques énergétiques wallonnes/ Walloon Energy Statistics Compendium); (CEEW computations) Main fuels used to cover the Walloon Region’s gross domestic energy consumption

150

140

130

120

110

100

90

80 Natural gas Nuclear Oil products 70 energy in the various sectors (industry, services, and Total (excluding Solid fuel electricity exports) households) and to boost the use of less pol- Base 100 (1990 = 100) 60

90 91 94 6 99 luting fuels and renewable energy sources. A 19 19 1992 1993 19 1995 199 1997 1998 19 2000 2001 mechanism to support electricity production Source: MRW – DGTRE – DE (Recueil de statistiques énergétiques wallonnes/Walloon Energy Statistics Compendium) from renewable sources (the green certifi- cates market) and the promotion of rational Renewable energy sources in the Walloon Region Breakdown of primary use of energy (RUE) policies for industry energy sources (2001) (environmental pacts and branch agree- 400 2,1 % ments), the services sector, and households Renewable sources (awareness-raising and bonuses) are some of 300 97,9 % Fossil fuels the means adopted to achieve these ends. RENEWABLE 200 ENERGY SOURCES BIOMASS Biogas Incineration of (organic) 100 household refuse Forest waste Firewood

Primary production (x 1000) 0 EXCLUDING BIOMASS Other sources 91 92 93 4 5 96 7 8 9 Hydroelectricity 19 19 19 199 199 19 199 199 199 2000 2001 2002 Sources: MRW – DGTRE – DE (Bilan énergétique wallon, volet Energies renouvelables/Walloon Energy Balance-sheet, Renewable Energy chapter) |27| MRW – DGTRE – DE (Recueil de statistiques énergétiques wallonnes/Walloon Energy Statistics Compendium) Waste To avoid wasting resources as well as generat- ing various nuisances and pollution, the region’s waste management policy gives prior- ity to preventing and more particularly reduc- ing the amount of waste that is generated. In practice, however, the prevention measures that have been implemented so far have not First, the very high proportion of industrial been effective enough to counter the total waste that is recovered and recycled has out- rise in waste that accompanies economic stripped targets. Second, selective refuse col- growth. Indeed, whilst the region’s stock of lection is on the rise, with the amount of domestic waste is almost stable, the volumes household waste recovered and reutilised dou- of hazardous waste and wastewater treatment bling between 1997 and 2002. The institution plant sludges are rising. and development of mechanisms requiring On the other hand, major progress has been specific types of waste (vehicles no longer fit made in the area of waste recovery and reuse. for service, tyres, batteries, packaging, etc.)

Household refuse generated in the Walloon Region Household refuse management in the Walloon Region (2002) 2 000 100 %

1 500 “Coarse” fraction 80 % (inert, bulky and parks & garden waste) 60 % Consignment 1 000 to authorised landfill sites Raw household refuse 40 % 500 Incineration with energy recovery Selective pick-up of household 20 % refuse

Tonne (x 1000) Tonne 0 Material reclamation 97 98 99 00 01 0 % 19 19 19 20 20 |28| Source: MRW – DGRNE – OWD – Direction de la Prévention et de la Gestion des Déchets Source: MRW – DGRNE – OWD – Direction de la Prévention (forms filled out by municipalities; intermunicipal companies’ reports; CEEW computations) et de la Gestion des Déchets Déchets (Estimates from intermunicipal companies’ reports; CEEW computations) Waste generated by manufacturing and power generation in the Walloon Region

8 000

7 000

6 000

5 000

4 000

3 000 Given the drop Management of waste in the response 2 000 rate from the generated by manufacturing companies and power generation 1 000 surveyed, the in the Walloon Region (2002) reliability of extrapolating the Tonne (x 1000) Tonne 0 results for 2001 100 % 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 and 2002 must 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 be confirmed. Other disposal routes Source: MRW – DGRNE – DCE & OWD – Direction de la Prévention et de la Gestion des Déchets (Bilan environnemental des entreprises en Région wallonne, 2004/Environmental balance sheet of companies in the Walloon Region in 2004) 80 %

Consignment to authorised landfill sites to be taken back should improve these per- region’s residential waste and close to half of 60 % formance figures even more. Nevertheless, all its hazardous waste are disposed of in this Incineration with the reclamation, recovery and re-utilisation way. To reduce these percentages, the energy recovery 40 % (0.24%) targets have not been reached. The reclama- regional government has adopted a timetable tion and recovery rate of hazardous waste in for phasing out waste disposal in authorised Energy recovery 20 % the Walloon Region remains below the set landfills. objectives (but these include reclamation and On another front, if the region’s huge backlog Material reclamation recovery abroad), whilst that of the region’s of watercourse dredging and cleansing opera- 0 % sewage treatment plants has declined since tions is to be made up, 732 000 cubic metres Source: MRW – DGRNE – DCE & OWD – Direction de la Prévention et de la Gestion des Déchets (Bilan environnemental des entreprises 1999. of sediment will have to be handled annually en Région wallonne, 2004/Environmental balance sheet of companies in the Walloon Region in 2004) As for waste disposal, close to 4 million for twenty years. tonnes of waste are still dumped in authorised landfills each year. More than 30 % of the |29| Some environmental issues are still insufficiently documented to allow accurate appraisal, even though they are highly sensitive. This is the case for the three topics Noise covered below.

Daily exposure to sound levels above 55 deci- The noisy areas in the Walloon Region are bels (A) (weighted average of day and night located mainly in the large towns such as levels) is detrimental to people’s quality of Liège, Mons, and Namur; along certain seg- life and health. Such exposure can lead to ments of motorways and railway lines; and nervousness, sleep disorders and speech around Liège-Bierset and Brussels South pathologies, for example. In Europe, the pop- Charleroi airports. However, a precise noise ulation’s noise exposure levels are continuing map is not yet available, nor are estimates of to rise, due in particularly to the development the population’s noise exposure levels avail- of means of transport. able. The European Noise Directive’s transpo- sition into regional law will result in this information’s being available by 2007 at the latest. Source of noise linked to road traffic in the Walloon Region (2003)

Environnem

The rises in certain diseases such as allergies and cancers could be the consequences of daily exposure to pollutants in our surround- Road traffic ings. However, it is difficult to establish the Vehicles/day, 0:00-24:00 mean Fewer than 10 000 links between cause and effect. 10 000-24 999 25 000-49 999 More than 50 000 Residential nuclei 1 700-10 000 residents

Noise measuring point (MET priority sites) more than 10 000 residents

|30| Sources: MET D-112; MET D-113 Tourism There are very few measurements of tourism’s incidence on the environment in the Walloon Region. The data that are available concern mainly accommodation, whereas the environ- Observatory underscores rural tourism’s rela- mental pressure that tourism exerts is also tively large share in the region’s tourist accom- linked largely to one-day excursions (problems modation (close to 20% of the total number of of road traffic, local crowds, peak periods of overnight stays in 2003). The areas south-east use, etc.) and leisure activities (pressure on the of the Meuse River garnered the largest number natural environments, noise, and so on). of visitors. According to a recent study, camp- sites allegedly account for about two-thirds of In 2003, a total of 8627000 tourist overnight the local discharges of effluents from tourism stays were recorded in the Walloon Region. accommodation into Wallonia’s surface waters Whereas the tourists stay primarily in hotels, a (the level of these discharges is higher in the survey conducted by the Walloon Tourism Meuse sub-basin).

Overnight stays, arrivals and mean stay length indices in the Walloon Region* ent-Health 110 105

The Walloon Region has set up a dedicated 100 team (the environment & health scientific 95 platform, based within ISSeP) to collect data Arrivals to improve our knowledge in this regard. The 90 team’s findings will be included in the com- Overnight stays ing editions of Wallonia’s environmental 85 Mean stay

scoreboard. Base 100 (1992 = 100) 80 length

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 * excluding rural tourism

Sources: INS; OTW |31| The Walloon Region’s position in the European Union: environment-related structural indicators

The European Commission has devised a set of Greenhouse gas emissions (2001) structural indicators to assess the Member Portugal States’ performances within the framework of Spain Ireland the strategy of economic, social and environ- Greece Austria mental renewal adopted in Lisbon (in 2000) Italy Belgium 106 and Göteborg (in 2002). These indicators Finland The Netherlands cover five major areas, one of which is the France environment. The three environmental indi- Denmark 97,1 WALLOON REGION cators that are considered to be the most Sweden United Kingdom important compose the “short list” (see Luxembourg

page 32), whereas the more comprehensive Base 100 (1990 = 100) 98 EUR-15 list is known as the “long list” (see page 33). 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

Sources: Eurostat ; MRW – DGRNE – DPA – Cellule Air

The economy’s energy intensity (2001) Freight transport volume over GDP (2000)

WALLOON Greece REGION 341 Finland Ireland Greece Spain Portugal Portugal Austria Sweden Germany Belgium 228

^ WALLOON REGION Spain 103,9 France 000

United Kingdom Italy The Netherlands Finland Luxembourg The Netherlands France 97,8 Belgium Italy Luxembourg Germany Denmark Ireland Sweden Austria United Kingdom Denmark Base 100 (1995 = 100)

Tonne équivalent pétrole / 1 Tonne EUR-15 102,5 EUR-15 194

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

|32| Sources: Eurostat ; ICN (Regional accounts) ; MRW – DGTRE Sources: Eurostat ; ICN (Regional accounts) ; SPF Mobilité et Transports (Federal Government Department (Recueil de statistiques énergétiques wallonnes/Walloon Energy Statistics Compendium) of Mobility & Transport); MET – D212 ; CPDT ; SNCB (Belgian National Railways) The Walloon Region’s greenhouse gas (GHG) tricity consumption remains well below the Finally, despite the region’s high population emissions fell 2.9% between 1990 and 2001, European mean, despite recent developments density and relatively cramped dimensions, which is comparable to the abatement seen in setting up wind farms, for example. 13% of its territory has been proposed to for Europe as a whole. the European Commission for inclusion in On the other hand, the Walloon Region’s the Natura 2000 network. This percentage GHG emissions are affected by energy inten- record is good when it comes to municipal results from the combination of areas pro- sity (the Walloon Region has one of the high- waste, for its per capita collection rate is the tected under the “Habitats” and “Birds” est energy intensities in Europe), the level of lowest in Europe. Directives. transport and the share of renewable energy sources in power generation, to name the big three. The region’s high energy intensity value is mainly the result of the historical Environmental performance of the Walloon Region importance of heavy industry in Wallonia’s compared with EU-15 – Structural indicators* industrial landscape, despite the spread of Worse performance -35 % 1. Birds Directive 1. Protected area for biodiversity – less energy-intensive activities in the more than EU-15 Birds Directive (% surface area proposed for the Birds Directive in Better performance -7 % 2. Habitats Directive relation to the total area; year 2003) recent past. Its transport volume, for its part, than EU-15 2. Protected area for biodiversity – has been increasing sharply, especially when Habitats Directive (% surface area proposed for the Habitats Directive 3. Passenger transport/GDP 3 % in relation to the total area; it comes to road haulage of freight. This situ- year 2003) ation is explained by a number of factors, not 4. Road use for freight 10 % 3. Volume of passenger transport in relation to GDP (year 2000; 1995=100) the least of which are the region’s high popu- 5. Car use 10 % 4. Modal breakdown of freight lation density, scattered settlement pattern, transport (% road; year 2000)

-80,15% 5. Modal breakdown of passenger and location at the heart of Europe, making it 6. Renewable energies transport (% car; year 2001) a busy international transit zone. Moreover, 6. Share of renewable energy (year 2001) - contribution of -24 % 7. Municipal waste renewable electricity to total cars account for a relatively high proportion electricity consumption (%) of passenger transport in the region. Finally, -80 %-70 % -60 % -50 % -40 % -30 % -20 % -10 %0 %10 %20 %30 % 7. Collected municipal waste (kg/(per capita, p.a.); year 2001) the contribution of electricity generated from Deviation * Long list renewable sources to the region’s total elec- Sources: Eurostat ; ICN (Regional accounts) ; SPF Mobilité et Transports (Federal Government Department of Mobility & Transport) ; MET – D112 ; MET – D212 ; CPDT ; SNCB (Belgian National Railways); MRW – DGTRE – Division de l’énergie ; MRW – DGRNE – OWD – Direction de la Prévention et de la Gestion des Déchets (Calculs CEEW) ; MRW – DGRNE – CRNFB – Direction de la Nature, de la Chasse et de la Pêche |33| Acronyms and abbreviations

Institutions ______FPMs Faculté Polytechnique de Mons (Mons Abbreviations ______Polytech) CEDD Centre d’Etudes du Développement Durable FUSAGx Faculté Universitaire des Sciences CEEW Cellule Etat de l’Environnement Wallon (State (Centre for Studies on Sustainable Agronomiques de Gembloux (Gembloux of the Walloon Environment Unit) Development) Agricultural College) EUR-15 EU-15 Member States CEEW Cellule Etat de l’Environnement Wallon (State ICN Institut des Comptes Nationaux (National IPRFW Inventaire Permanent des Ressources of the Walloon Environment Unit) Accounts Institute) Forestières de Wallonie (Permanent CPDT Conférence Permanente du Développement IGEAT Institut de Gestion de l’Environnement et Inventory of Wallonia’s Forest Resources) Territorial (Standing Conference on d’Aménagement du Territoire (Institute of UAA Utilised Agricultural Area Territorial Development) Environmental Management and Land-use Planning) SEQ-ESO Système d’Evaluation de la Qualité des Eaux CRIOC Centre de Recherche et d’Information des SOuterraines (French Water Quality Organisations de Consommateurs (Research INS Institut National de Statistique (National Evaluation System for Ground Water) and Information Centre for Consumer Statistics Institute) Organisations) ISSeP Institut Scientifique de Service Public SEQ-ESU Système d’Evaluation de la Qualité des Eaux de SUrface (French Water Quality Evaluation CRNFB Centre de Recherche de la Nature, des Forêts (Scientific Institute for Public Service) System for Surface Water) et du Bois (Research Centre on Nature, MET Ministère wallon de l’Equipement et des Forests, and Wood) Transports (Walloon Ministry of Public Works DCE Direction de la Coordination de and Transport) Technical terms ______l’Environnement (Environmental MRW Ministère de la Région Wallonne (Ministry of Coordination Unit) the Walloon Region) CO2 Carbon dioxide DE Division de l’Eau (de la DGRNE) (Water OTW Observatoire du Tourisme Wallon (Walloon Division of the DGRNE) NH3 Ammonia Tourism Observatory) DE Division de l’Energie (de la DGTRE) (Energy NOx Nitrogen oxides OWD Office Wallon des Déchets (Walloon Office for Division of the DGTRE) Waste) PM10 Particulate matter with a mean aerodynamic DGA Direction Générale de l’Agriculture diameter less than or equal to 10 microns SNCB Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Belges (Directorate-General for Agriculture) (Belgian national railways) SO2 Sulphur dioxide DGRNE Direction Générale des Ressources Naturelles SPAQuE Société Publique d’Aide à la Qualité de et de l’Environnement (Directorate-General l’Environnement (public environmental for Natural Resources and the Environment) ______improvement company) Units and prefixes DGTRE Direction Générale des Technologies, de la SPF Service Public Fédéral (Federal Government € Euro Recherche et de l’Energie (Directorate- Department) General for Technology, Research, and ha hectare Energy) SPGE Société Publique de Gestion des Eaux (public water management company) inhab inhabitant DNF Division de la Nature et des Forêts (Nature and Forestry Division) TEC Sociétés de Transport En Commun (public d day transport corporations in Wallonia) DPA Division de la Prévention et des Autorisations k kilo (Prevention and Authorisations Division) UHAGx Unité d’Hydrologie et Hydraulique Agricole Mio Million (Hydrology and Agricultural Hydraulics Unit) EC European Commission ULB Université Libre de Bruxelles (Brussels Free University – French-speaking) |34| For more information ▲▲ If you wish to ❚ consult the full report; ❚ consult the latest update of the Environmental Scoreboard, along with additional information; ❚ know the data sources and methods for calculating the indicators; ❚ consult the bibliography and legislation; ❚ find Internet sites related to the environment and the scoreboards of other countries;

go to the following site http://environnement.wallonie.be/eew

To obtain a copy of the full report (Tableau de bord de l’environnement wallon – available in French only) or for all other information, contact the State of the Walloon Environment Unit (Cellule Etat de l’Environnement Wallon) at 081/33 51 24 or [email protected]. |35| Ministry of the Walloon Region

Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Affairs, Directorate-General for Natural Resources and the Environment the Environment and Tourism Environment Coordination Directorate Chaussée de Louvain, 2 State of the Walloon Environment Unit 5000 Namur Avenue Prince de Liège, 15 Tel.: 081 71 03 10 5100 Jambes Fax: 081 71 03 80 Walloon Region green line: 0800 11 901 http://gov.wallonie.be Tel. DGRNE: 081 33 50 50 E-Mail: [email protected] http://environnement.wallonie.be

The reproduction and dissemination of all or part of this document are authorised provided that the source is mentioned as follows: Cellule Etat de l’environnement wallon (2004): Scoreboard of the Walloon Environment 2004 – Summary – MRW-DGRNE, Namur, Belgium, 36 pp.

Publisher with legal liability : C. Delbeuck, Director-general • Free publication • D/2004/5322/65 • Design and graphics : Clepsydre /Label • Printed on recycled paper