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NKS-140, Proceedings of the Summary Seminar Within the NKS Nordisk kernesikkerhedsforskning Norrænar kjarnöryggisrannsóknir Pohjoismainen ydinturvallisuustutkimus Nordisk kjernesikkerhetsforskning Nordisk kärnsäkerhetsforskning Nordic nuclear safety research NKS-140 ISBN 87-7893-202-5 Proceedings of the Summary Seminar within the NKS-B Programme 2002-2005. 24-25 October 2005, Tartu, Estonia Erkki Ilus (editor) Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, STUK, Finland April 2006 Abstract This report contains the proceedings of the NKS-B Summary Seminar held on 24-25 October 2005 in Tartu, Estonia. The aim of the seminar was to provide a forum for presenting and discussing the results obtained in the NKS-B pro- gramme during the project period 2002 - 2005. The main attention was focused on radioecology and measurement techniques including presentations on the work done in the Projects INDOFERN (New Indicator Organisms for Environ- mental Radioactivity), LABINCO (Intercomparison of Laboratory Analyses of Ra- dionuclides in Environmental Samples) and ECODOSES (Improving Radiological Assessments of Doses to Humans from Terrestrial Ecosystems). The total num- ber of presentations in the seminar was 27. The seminar was also the final seminar of the four-year INDOFERN Project. The objective of the project was to identify new indicator organisms and biomarkers for assessment of environmental radioactivity in normal and emergency situa- tions. The goal was to search new useful organisms accumulating effectively and specifically certain radionuclides in various Nordic ecosystems (forest, fresh wa- ter, marine), and to compare their indicator value to those of the earlier known indicators. The project yielded new data on the occurrence and transport of ra- dionuclides in a wide scale of Nordic ecosystems. A summary of the whole pro- ject, and summaries of the work done in all the participating laboratories were presented in 13 presentations in the seminar. Key words Radioecology, terrestrial radioecology, aquatic radioecology, indicator organisms, laboratory analyses of radionuclides, modelling, sampling, doses to man NKS-140 ISBN 87-7893-202-5 Electronic report, April 2006 The report can be obtained from NKS Secretariat NKS-775 P.O. Box 49 DK - 4000 Roskilde, Denmark Phone +45 4677 4045 Fax +45 4677 4046 www.nks.org e-mail [email protected] Participants at the NKS-B seminar in Tartu, Estonia, 24-25 October 2005 Introduction The structure of the NKS co-operation The NKS has for decades supported Nordic co-operatation in research and development within • radiological and nuclear emergency preparedness • radioecology • nuclear technology and safety The formal co-operation began in 1957 and has had different forms. This is vividly described in the book “Half a Century of Nordic Nuclear Co-operation” by Franz R. Marcus, which is available from the NKS secretariat. More information on NKS can be found at the NKS web site: http://www.nks.org/ Traditionally the NKS work was organised in programme periods, each usually lasting for 4 years. A different structure was adopted in 2002. The concept of fixed programme periods was dropped and the time frame for proposed activities could be short or long, but funding would only be given for one year at a time. Two main programmes were defined: • NKS-B: Emergency Preparedness • NKS-R: Reactor safety The aim with the NKS-B programme (as stated in 2002) is to strengthen radiological emergency preparedness in the Nordic countries. Apart from activities directly targeted on emergency preparedness this also includes activities in related areas such as radioecology and effective communication and information management. Also these activities must, however, be focused on emergency preparedness related questions. Later increased emphasis has been put on maintaining competence in radioecology. i NKS-B activities 2002 - 2005 A variety of different activities have been supported with NKS-B. The following are concluded: • UrbContSem: Urban contamination seminar • EccoMags: Nordic-EU collaboration on design and evaluation of the Resume 2002 exercise • MGS-ModMeth: Co-ordination and modernisation of methods for AGS and CGS measurements of multi-nuclide contamination • MGS-Course: Course in advanced methods for processing AGS and CGS data and similar sets of spectral data • ASS-1: Area specific stripping for CGS and AGS • Nova Course: Additional funding of Ph.D. course in radioecology • NucVess: Impact assessment of accidents with nuclear powered vessels - analysis of release mechanisms and source term composition • Knowledgebase: Nuclear threats in the vicinity of the Nordic countries - A base of knowledge • RadSem: Radioecology and measurement techniques • ASSb: Area Specific Stripping of lower energy windows for AGS and CGS NaI systems. PART 2 • CommTech: Communication technology and emergency preparedness • Cskinetic: Human metabolism of caesium • NorCMass: Nordic collaboration on the use of mass-spectrometers for the analysis of radioisotopes • RadChem: Radiochemical analysis in emergency and routine situations • UrbHand: Decision Support Handbook for remediation of contaminated inhabited areas • INDOFERN: New indicator organisms for environmental radioactivity • SAMPSTRAT: Sampling strategy and sample preparation in emergency situations The following activities are continuing in 2006, along with some new ones in accordance with the decision of the NKS Board in November 2006: • Metnet: Nordic network of meteorological services engaged in nuclear emergency preparedness • EMARAD: Emergency management & radiation monitoring in nuclear and radiological accidents • ECODOSES: Improving radiological assessment of doses to man from terrestrial ecosystems • Labinco: Intercomparison of laboratory analyses of radionuclides in environmental samples • Irades: Internal Radiation Doses in Emergency Situations • Rein: Regional differences in reindeer radiocaesium contamination • NORDRISK: Nuclear risk from atmospheric dispersion in Northern Europe. • FOREST: Guidance for sampling in forests for radionuclide analysis and update of the Nordic forest radioecology network Since the NKS-B has been running since 2002, it was assumed appropriate to hold a seminar giving participants in NKS-B work a chance to present and discuss their work amongst ii colleagues. The activities focusing on emergency preparedness have been regularly presented and discussed at meetings of a contact group with representatives from Nordic authorities dealing with nuclear and radiological emergency preparedness (the NEP group). It was thus decided to let the NKS-B Tartu seminar focus on radioecology and related measurement technologies. Concluding remarks I have been active in NKS work since December 1990, when I first attended a meeting in an NKS project group (this was at STUK in Helsinki). The NKS work soon became very important to me. It provided a stimulating forum, not only for co-operation on projects but also for exchanging views and ideas which could later lead to new co-operation projects. What impressed me right away was the dedication and commitment of those participating in NKS work. They were not there because of the funding, but because this co-operation was of such importance for them. Radioecology and related measurement technologies consist of highly specialised fields, often with a very limited number of experts within each country. The NKS has helped to create and nourish networks in this field, networks which are important for creating a stimulating environment, especially for young scientists entering the field. It has been a special pleasure to be able to host this seminar in Tartu, Sweden’s second oldest university town (founded by Gustaf II Adolf in 1632) as I like to put it. My first contact with Estonian experts in our field was made during the summer of 1991 (with Enn and Küllike Realo), and it has been a pleasure to follow the rapid growth of expertise in this field in Estonia and the other Baltic States. Although the Baltic States are not a part of the NKS co- operation, representatives from them have been able to participate in NKS seminars and intercomparison exercises, including now LABINCO. It was thus an interesting option to hold the seminar in Estonia. Efficient planning by the local organisers and their hospitality has enabled us to hold the seminar on a very low budget and yet provide very interesting and pleasant surroundings. I would especially like to thank Merle Lust, director of the Estonian Radiation Protection Centre for her work in preparing the seminar and making sure that all things ran smoothly. The editing of these proceedings is one example of the dedication people have been willing to show to the NKS. I would like to thank Erkki Ilus for the excellent work he has done. It has been a rewarding privilege to work with him as well as all those who have contributed to the NKS-B Tartu seminar. My thanks to all of you and may the NKS work continue in the same spirit. Sigurður Emil Pálsson, Programme Manager, NKS-B iii NKS-B Summary Seminar, Tartu, Estonia - Programme Monday, 24 October 2005 9:00-11:00 Welcome – practical arrangements during the seminar Sigurður Emil Pálsson, NKS The NKS and the NKS-B programme 2002 – 2005 Elis Holm, Lund University, Sweden Concentration factors and aggregated transfer factors in selected bioindicators from Sweden Vesa-Pekka Vartti, STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Finland Cs-137 in terrestrial environment in the Loviisa, Olkiluoto and Mänttä areas (Finland) Runhild Gjelsvik, Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Norway Evaluation
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