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The Master Plan for Promotion of Irrigated Agriculture the Republic of Zambia Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (Maco)

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The Master Plan for Promotion of Irrigated Agriculture the Republic of Zambia Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (Maco) FOR SMALLHOLDERS IN THE PERI-URBAN AREA IN THE REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA AREA IN THE PERI-URBAN FOR SMALLHOLDERS IN AGRICULTURE OF IRRIGATED THE MASTER PLAN FOR PROMOTION THE REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND COOPERATIVES (MACO) THE MASTER PLAN FOR PROMOTION OF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE FOR SMALLHOLDERS IN THE PERI-URBAN AREA IN THE REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA FINAL REPORT ANNEX ANNEX FINAL REPORT March 2011 March 2011 March JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) NTC INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. RDD SANYU CONSULTANTS INC. JR 11-011 3 英文 アネックス 050330.402802.23.3.21/3.22/3.23 作業；藤川 Annex : Table of Contents Annex A Farm Management Annex B Distribution and Marketing Annex C Irrigation and Water Management Annex D Extensive Work Plan for Irrigation Development Annex E Rural Society and Farmers’ Organizations Annex F Environment and Social Considerations Annex G Implementation Plan Annex H General Aspects of the Model Sites for Action Plan Annex I Manual for GIS Operation Annex J GIS Potential and Resource Maps (output examples) Annex A Farm Management The Master Plan for Promotion of Irrigated Agriculture for Smallholders in the Peri-Urban Areas in the Republic of Zambia Final Report Annex A. Farm Management Table of Contents page Annex A. Farm Management Chapter 1 Small-scale Farmers in Zambia Agriculture 1.1 Dual Nature in Agriculture.......................................................................... A-1 1.2 Small-scale Farmers in Agriculture Policy ................................................. A-1 1.3 Number of Small-scale Farmers in Zambia ................................................ A-1 1.4 Small-scale Farmers in Production ............................................................. A-3 Chapter 2 Agricultural Situation of Selected Irrigation Schemes 2.1 Main Crops ................................................................................................. A-3 2.2 Cash Crops .................................................................................................. A-4 2.3 Cropping Season ....................................................................................... A-4 2.4 Profitability of Crops .................................................................................. A-5 Chapter 3 Proposed Cropping Plan in Action Plan Sites 3.1 Chipapa Irrigation Scheme ......................................................................... A-6 3.2 Bwafwano Irrigation Scheme ..................................................................... A-7 3.3 Natuseko Irrigation Scheme ........................................................................ A-8 3.4 Mulabalaba Irrigation Scheme .................................................................... A-9 Chapter 4 Analysis of Agricultural Income 4.1 Agricultural Income per a Household ....................................................... A-10 4.2 Crop Budgets of Major Vegetables ............................................................. A-11 Chapter 5 Compost 5.1 Effect of Compost ....................................................................................... A-13 5.2 Object of Composting ................................................................................. A-14 5.3 Point of Composting ................................................................................... A-14 5.4 Process of Production ................................................................................. A-15 Chapter 6 Bokashi 6.1 What is Bokashi ? ....................................................................................... A-17 6.2 Points of Production .................................................................................... A-17 6.3 Process of Production ................................................................................. A-17 6.4 Application Method .................................................................................... A-19 6.5 Simplified Method ...................................................................................... A-20 A - i Chapter 1 Small-scale Farmers in Zambia Agriculture 1.1 Dual Nature in Agriculture The target areas and beneficiaries targeted by the Study are small-scale farmers located in peri-urban areas along the railway line. Agriculture in Zambia consists of a distinct dual structure. Specifically, there is large scale commercialized farms along the railway line made up of a small number of major farmers and then there are the many traditional small-scale farmers located around the villages. This is a planned study targeting the latter group among farms that coexist in regions along railways. The purpose of the study is to promote small-scale commercial irrigation farming. The undertaking of this study was extremely challenging. This section will provide a simple explanation of small-scale farmers in the agricultural policy and then statistical materials will be used to examine the positioning of small-scale farms within the nation’s overall agricultural production. 1.2 Small-scale Farmers in Agricultural Policy The Zambian government has promoted market-oriented agriculture since the liberalization of agriculture in 1992. Even the National Agricultural Policy (2004-2015) notes that there has been only limited support for small-scale farmers, which are part of the dual nature of agriculture in Zambia. Specifically, this support has been limited mainly to the Fertilizer Support Program (FSP), to assist the growing of the national staple maize, and the Food Reservation Agency (FRA). In other words, it is expected that small–scale farmers can make a contribution to agricultural growth based on the principles of market competition for crops other than the main staple maize. Moreover, the promotion of large-scale commercialized farms is expected to have a synergy effect for small-scale farmers. However, for agriculture based on the principles of competition, NAP is promoting the organization of famers, including cooperatives, other farmers’ organization, taking into consideration legal procedures and with small-scale farmers at the district level. 1.3 Number of Small-scale Farmers in Zambia There are various types of statistical data on the number of farms in Zambia. In order to grasp the number of farmers by scale, it is essential to first understand the dual nature of agriculture in Zambia. The total number of farmers as of the 1990 Census of Population and Housing came to roughly 570,000 and this number increased 810,000 as of the 2000 census (Table 1.3.1). Statistics typically classify farms based on the area under cultivation. As shown in the table below, area under cultivation of less than 5 ha is “small scale”, between 5 and 20ha is “medium scale” and more than 20ha is large scale (Central Statistical Office). However, since the introduction of economic deregulation there has been an awareness of growth for not the conventional commercial farmer but a new class of “small-scale commercial farmer” that has increased the number as producers of agriculture for markets mainly. This group has been classified as “emergent farmer” in various statistics. It has been reported that some 120,000 such farms existed nationwide as of 2000, but more up-to-date statistics cannot be found. This number has likely continued to grow. A - 1 Table 1.3.1 Characteristics of Zambian Agriculture Statistics Classification Small-scale Emergent Medium-scale Large-scale Total Farmer 1990 Cultivation area Less than - 5.0-20 ha More than 20 (ha) 5ha ha No. of Farms 479,717 38,751 2,052 520,529 2000 Cultivation area 0.5-9.0 ha 10-20 ha 20-60 More than 60 (PRSP) (ha) ha No. of Farms 459,212 119,200 25,230 More than 40 812,940 ha Crop Grown Food Crops Food/Cash Food/Cash Crop Cash Crops Crops Production Subsistence Commercial/sub. Commercial/sub. Commercial Focus Source: Atsushi Suzuki, FoDiS (2009); (MAFF: Agriculture Statistic Bulletin, 1997; PRSP 2002) There is no clear uniformity among the farmers classified as “small-scale”. The range is from destitute farms that are unable to even produce enough to feed their family members to farms with enough capacity leeway to meet not only their own food needs, but have extra produce that can be sold on the market to earn cash income. Mr. Suzuki (2009) summarized another useful classification using a classification method based on groupings from the references of the DFID (2003). Estimates for the number of farmers in each classification were also made (Table 1.3.2). Table 1.3.2 Classification of Zambian Farmers Classification Small-scale, Small-scale, Small-medium Large Corporate Destitute Poor Scale Commercial Management Approx. 200,000 300,000 300,000 2,100 <50 Number Main Crops Crops for own Crops for own Crops for own Crops for sale Crops for sale consumption consumption consumption (domestic / Mainly exports (insufficient) (some extra) and crops for exports) sale Characteristics Households headed Have some Have the Produce crops Total corporate by women or the money and/or capacity to mainly for management. elderly with livestock. Have produce surplus exports and Uses large chronic food the capacity to crops to be sold some domestic automated shortages and produce surplus on regional markets. farming almost no access to crops markets. Located near equipment to cash. Isolated depending on Already big cities or grow and regions remote the conditions participating in along railway process from major roads. for that year. some routes. sugarcane, contractual coffee, cotton, farming. soya bean, wheat, and milk cows. Quoted from Atsushi Suzuki, FoDiS
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