SID '09 Preview / Honors and Awards Issue

April 2009 Vol. 25, No. 04

Official Monthly Publication of the Society for Information Display • www.informationdisplay.org

• 2009 SID Honors and Awards • SID Symposium Highlights • Laser-Based Techniques for FPDs • Journal of the SID April Contents Your Advantage in Touch with Elo...

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© 2009 Tyco Electronics Corporation. All rights reserved. APRIL 2009 Information VOL. 25, NO. 4 DISPLAY COVER: “For an individual in the field of dis- plays, an award or prize from the Society for Information Display, which represents his or her 2 Editorial peers worldwide, is a most significant experience.” On Truly Distinguishing Greatness The feature article will officially introduce the win- Stephen P. Atwood ners of the 2009 SID Honors and Awards winners and describe their accomplishments. See the article 3 Industry News beginning on page 10. The Future of Plasma, Post-Pioneer Jenny Donelan 4 President’s Corner Priorities in Electronic-Display Development Paul Drzaic 5 Display Week 2009 Product Showcase 10 2009 SID Honors and Awards This year’s winners of SID’s coveted Honors and Awards include Dr. Peter Raynes, who will receive the Jan Rajchman Prize for his work with twisted-nematic LCDs; Dr. Ernst Lueder, who will be awarded the CREDIT: Cover design by Acapella Studios, Inc. Slottow-Owaki Prize for his contributions as an outstanding and inspiring teacher; and Mr. Peter Baron, who has earned the Lewis and Beatrice Winner Award for years of service to the Society. Jenny Donelan Next Month in 14 Display Week 2009 Symposium Preview Information Display Plan your visit to Display Week 2009 with an advance look at the key Display Week 2009 Show Issue trends and issues that will be highlighted in the symposium’s far-ranging • Products on Display at Display Week collection of display-technology sessions. • 2009 Display of the Year Awards Jenny Donelan • Plasmaco Revisted • Digital Information Displays 20 Lasers Enable Diverse Display Production Techniques • Journal of the SID May Contents Laser-based techniques are finding increased use in certain aspects of flat-panel-display manufacturing. Lasers provide the option of a non- contact high-spatial-resolution tool that is appropriate for a variety of processing tasks, including thin glass cutting, laser direct patterning, low-

INFORMATION DISPLAY (ISSN 0362-0972) is published eleven temperature-polysilicon annealing, and laser lift-off. times a year for the Society for Information Display by Palisades Convention Management, 411 Lafayette Street, 2nd Floor, New Rainer Paetzel York, NY 10003; Leonard H. Klein, President and CEO. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICES: Jay Morreale, Editor-in- 26 Journal of the SID April Contents Chief, Palisades Convention Management, 411 Lafayette Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10003; telephone 212/460-9700. Send Papers appearing in the April 2009 issue of the Journal of the SID. manuscripts to the attention of the Editor, ID. Director of Sales: Michele Klein, Palisades Convention Management, 411 Lafayette Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10003; 212/460-9700. SID 28 SID News HEADQUARTERS, for correspondence on subscriptions and membership: Society for Information Display, 1475 S. Bascom Ave., Joel E. Goldmacher, a pioneer in the development of liquid-crystal mate- Ste. 114, Campbell, CA 95008; telephone 408/879-3901, fax -3833. SUBSCRIPTIONS: Information Display is distributed without rials and displays, dies at the age of 71. charge to those qualified and to SID members as a benefit of membership (annual dues $75.00). Subscriptions to others: U.S. & 30 Display Week 2009 Hotel Reservation Information Canada: $55.00 one year, $7.50 single copy; elsewhere: $85.00 one year, $7.50 single copy. PRINTED by Sheridan Printing Company, Alpha, NJ 08865. Third-class postage paid at Easton, PA. 32 Sustaining Members PERMISSIONS: Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limits of the U.S. copyright law for private use of patrons, providing a fee of $2.00 per 32 Index to Advertisers article is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 21 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970 (reference serial code 0362-0972/09/$1.00 + For Industry News, New Products, Current and Forthcoming Articles, $0.00). Instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. This permission does not see www.informationdisplay.org apply to any special reports or lists published in this magazine. For other copying, reprint or republication permission, write to Society for Information Display, 1475 S. Bascom Ave., Ste. 114, Campbell, Information Display 4/09 1 CA 95008. Copyright © 2009 Society for Information Display. All rights reserved. editorial Information DISPLAY

On Truly Distinguishing Greatness Executive Editor: Stephen P. Atwood 617/306-9729, [email protected] by Steve Atwood Editor-in-Chief: Jay Morreale 212/460-9700, [email protected] One of my first writing assignments for Information Managing Editor: Jenny Donelan Display was to cover the SID Honors and Awards dinner 603/924-9628, [email protected] and convey the feeling of that evening to the readers. It Administrative Assistant: Ralph Nadell was a relatively hard job, but not for the reasons one might Contributing Editors: Aris Silzars think. Usually, we tend to think of achievement awards as Sales Manager: Danielle Rocco something of a formality, a rite of passage for those who Sales Director: Michele Klein have paid their dues or served long enough to make the top Editorial Advisory Board of the list. Similarly, awards dinners are typically perceived to be stodgy affairs Stephen P. Atwood, Chair steeped in formality and weak on meaningful drama. So, as I approached my first Crane/Azonix Corp., U.S.A. assignment for ID you can imagine that I felt like I was in for a difficult challenge to Allan Kmetz bring some energy to the story. In fact, what I learned that first time was that my Consultant, U.S.A. expectations were all wrong, and that lesson has stayed with me ever since. As I Aris Silzars listened to the recipients talk about their achievements, I was mesmerized by the fact Northlight Displays, U.S.A. that I was listening to the personal histories of the very individuals who had created Larry Weber the technology I love so well. These were not people who marked their time or just Consultant, U.S.A. hung around. These were people whose life’s work was to contribute some crucial component to the web of science that made display technology possible. And these Guest Editors were humble people who had dedicated their efforts to the honest pursuit of science, Display Metrology and did so without seeking much fame or fortune. (Of course we know how even Tom Fiske, Rockwell Collins, U.S.A. more elusive fortune can be in the display business.) LEDs What I have learned since that night is that true innovation takes serious work, does David DeAgazio, Global Lighting not come easily, and is elusive even to the best and brightest among us. Even if Technologies, U.S.A. endowed with a gifted appreciation of the underlying science and the ability to tena- Ultra-Low-Power Displays ciously pursue their vision, many dedicated people never achieve that true break- Rob Zehner, E Ink, U.S.A. through that changes paradigms and enables the birth of new products and markets. 3-D Technology Therefore, it is truly spectacular when these breakthroughs do happen, and a humbling Brian T. Schowengerdt, University of experience to meet the progenitors of those feats of science, especially those who have Washington, U.S.A. achieved breakthroughs multiple times. What is more amazing is that in many cases, OLED Technology the discovery itself and its impact on the world does not occur in a single moment; nor Julie J. Brown, Universal Display Corp., is it immediately appreciated. More often it evolves slowly through a body of work U.S.A. that may not make its full impact for 10 or 20 or even more years later. I have LCD Technology observed this in many areas of our industry, where we have seen discoveries from the Shin-Tson Wu, University of Central 1960s and 1970s making a fresh impact on technological innovations of the 1990s and Florida, U.S.A. beyond. So, in some cases the full measure of someone’s work may only become Display Manufacturing clear much later in that person’s life. Greg Gibson, NexTECH FAS, U.S.A. The people who serve on the SID Honors and Awards Committee know all this and take a great deal of time and consideration in making their recommendations. They receive many qualified nominations, and the selection process is always hard, as it should be. These are highly meaningful awards that are conveyed only when truly qualified recipients are identified. That first night I was humbled by what I learned, as I have been every year since when I read the citations and learn more about the work of the deserving people The opinions expressed in editorials, chosen for these honors. Of course, this year is no exception, and on behalf of the columns, and feature articles do not neces- entire staff at ID magazine, I heartily congratulate all the award winners. sarily reflect the opinions of the Executive In addition to announcing our SID Honors and Awards winners, this issue also Editor or Publisher of Information Display Magazine, nor do they necessarily reflect previews the SID ’09 Symposium, with highlights from all the technology tracks for the position of the Society for Information you to browse. We hope this feature will help you plan your week in San Antonio Display. (continued on page 27)

2 Information Display 4/09 industry news

The Future of Plasma, Post- Pioneer’s strategy was to sell very-high-quality Pioneer In February of 2009, Pioneer announced that displays at a high price. it had decided to close its plasma-display TV “ production facilities as part of restructuring – Larry Weber, co-founder, Plasmaco Inc. measures to offset current and future losses. Furthermore, the company announced that it ” was withdrawing from the display business of large-screen plasma displays.) First, he viable rival to plasma, are plasma’s days altogether by March 2010. These announce- says, “The key announcement [with regard to numbered? It is too early to count plasma out, ments surprised many in the display industry Pioneer] happened last year, not this year.” according to Weber, and Panasonic spokes- because Pioneer is known for its state-of-the That was when Panasonic began making person Jeff Samuels speaks in similar terms: art plasma products and had only a year plasma panels for Pioneer units, which sig- “Panasonic still strongly believes in plasma,” earlier introduced its new Kuro line of plasma naled an end to Pioneer’s panel manufacturing he says. “And we make LCDs too.” In fact, TVs. Kuro technology features vibrant even as the company was coming out with he adds, “Of the major players, Sony is the imagery and extremely deep blacks (“kuro” new products. only one not in plasma.” means black in Japanese) that favorably And, Weber continues, although Pioneer No one questions that LCDs are getting impressed many early reviewers. made excellent products; in terms of sales, bigger, better, and more cost-effective. But at With a key player such as Pioneer exiting the company was historically the weakest Panasonic, at least, there is still a break-off the plasma arena, the question of whether of the “big” plasma players, including LG, point in terms of screen size: “Our position is other companies might follow naturally arises. Panasonic, and Samsung. “Pioneer’s strategy that if you are buying a display larger than A related issue with regard to plasma’s gen- was to sell very-high-quality displays at a 42 in., you should go for plasma rather than eral longevity is that LCDs have rapidly been high price,” he says. That was a strategy that LCD,” says Samuels. The biggest consumer catching up to the technology in terms of cost worked to a point, but may have been harder plasma TV that Panasonic makes is 65 in., but and performance. to sustain in the economic environment of the the company also produces professional-level But, in fact, Pioneer’s departure from the last couple of years. products as large as 103 in. These are pur- display market means less than it might at first However, even if Pioneer was only a small chased by sports arenas, restaurants, and seem, according to plasma-expert Larry part of the plasma industry, it was a highly hotels – and a few discriminating and finan- Weber. (Weber was co-founder of the former visible part. And with rapid advances in LCD cially well-off individuals, such as profes- Plasmaco. Inc., one of the earliest developers technology that are making it an ever-more sional athletes. (Asked if Panasonic is going to acquire Pioneer’s Kuro technology, and thus bolster the plasma expertise it already possesses, Samuels says, “Everybody asks that. We don’t know.”) Plasma TVs also tend to handle motion better than LCDs, Samuels maintains, and are better at showing dark content (think The Matrix) as well as at showing most content in dark environments. LCDs do have the advan- tage over plasma in bright environments such as a sunny room. However, on a consumer level, plasma has had several factors working against it: plasma displays have generally been heavier than LCDs (so may need extra wall support) and have conventionally been more difficult and expensive to install. They also, under some circumstances, consume more power (although this is changing). Weber notes that one of plasma’s best features – its ability to display imagery in darkened environments – has often been rendered invisible when the displays are shown in a brightly lit store.

Kuro displays turned heads when they debuted slightly over a year ago. Shown is a concept model at a trade show. Image courtesy of Pioneer. (continued on page 29)

Information Display 4/09 3 SID Executive Committee President: P. Drzaic president’s corner President-Elect: M. Anandan Regional VP, Americas: T. Voutsas Regional VP, Asia: S. Naemura Regional VP, Europe: J-N. Perbet Treasurer: B. Berkeley Secretary: A. Ghosh Past President: L. Weber Priorities in Electronic-Display Development Directors Bay Area: S. Pan Beijing: B. P. Wang by Paul Drzaic Belarus: S. Yakovenko Canada: T. C. Schmidt President, Society for Information Display Dayton: D. G. Hopper Delaware Valley: J. W. Parker III Detroit: J. Kanicki While there is plenty to like in the upcoming Display Week France: J-N. Perbet Hong Kong: H. Leung events in San Antonio, I have a special affection for the India: K. R. Sarma Technical Symposium. The Symposium papers span a Israel: G. Golan Japan: Y. Shimodaira wide gamut – some describe new concepts in electronic Korea: K. W. Whang Latin America: A. Mammana displays, while others demonstrate exciting performance Los Angeles: L. Tannas improvements in existing displays. These papers indicate where the people shaping Mid-Atlantic: A. Ghosh Mid-Europe: G. Oversluizen the electronic-display industry are placing their bets for the future. New England: S. Atwood Pacific Northwest: T. Voutsas This year, the SID Technical Program Committee reviewed the 450 papers sched- Russia: I. N. Companets San Diego: T. Striegler uled for presentation and identified over 40 that were particularly noteworthy. I have Singapore: C. C. Chao had a lot of fun browsing through the list, and I am amazed at the breadth of topics Southwest: C. Pearson Taipei: H. P. Shieh that have been highlighted as important. While in this short column I cannot summa- Texas: Z. Yaniv U.K. & Ireland: I. Sage rize each and every paper highlighted, I can pick out a few that illustrate two trends Ukraine: V. Sergan that show where today’s priorities are in electronic-display development. Upper Mid-West: B. Bahadur Committee Chairs LCDs are working to maintain their advantage as the most cost-effective source of Academic: P. Bos high-quality displays, so many papers deal with novel approaches toward reduced-cost Archives/Historian: P. Baron Bylaws: A. Kmetz manufacturing. For example, collaborators at Samsung Electronics and Nakan Corp. Chapter Formation: J. Kimmel Convention: D. Eccles describe how they used a single laser-ablation step to replace a six-step process to Definitions & Standards: P. Boynton pattern ITO in a TFT panel. A group at LG Electronics discusses the use of electro- Honors & Awards: C. King Long-Range Planning: M. Anandan hydrodynamic jet technology as a reliable, high-throughput means for repair of the Membership: S. Pan Nominations: L. Weber black matrix in a TFT panel. A contribution from Asahi Kasei EMD provides a Publications: A. Silzars detailed analysis of a means of inhibiting the contamination of photomasks. These Senior Member Grade: M. Anandan Chapter Chairs papers (and others) show why it is going to be so hard to displace LCDs from Bay Area: S. Pan Beijing: N. Xu dominance – the level of refinement in manufacturing is amazing. Belarus: V. Vyssotski Nevertheless, a major contender for replacing LCDs as the mainstream display Canada: A. Kitai Dayton: F. Meyer technology is organic light-emitting-diode (OLED) displays. Several papers will Delaware Valley: A. Poor Detroit: S. Pala focus on high-efficiency manufacturing of conventional OLED displays, including France: J. P. Parneix contributions from Dupont (multi-nozzle jet printing), Kodak (a Gen 5 flash evapora- Hong Kong: H. S. Kwok India: S. Kaura tion system for organic molecules), and a collaboration between Doosan Mecatech Israel: B. Inditsky Japan: N. Ibaraki and Veeco (a high-efficiency scanning evaporation system that could potentially build Korea: L. S. Park Gen 6 substrates). Emerging OLED displays also make their mark in the upcoming Latin America: V. Mammana Los Angeles: L. Tannas Symposium. Samsung SDI will present a paper on its remarkable achievement of a Mid-Atlantic: I. Wacyk Mid-Europe: P. Vandenberghe 6.5-in. flexible AMOLED using a metal-oxide transistor on a plastic substrate. Sony New England: B. Harkavy Pacific Northwest: A. Silzars will describe its work on an OLED display driven by organic TFTs that is flexible, Russia: S. Pasechnik reliable, and manufactured using a scalable process. A collaboration between Kodak San Diego: T. D. Striegler Singapore/Malaysia: X. Sun and Semprius will discuss work in OLED displays using ICs that are “printed” onto a Southwest: B. Tritle Taipei: Y. Tsai substrate using a unique transfer process. With so much innovation, plus the optical Texas: S. Peana advantage of OLEDs, perhaps LCDs do have some cause for worry after all! U.K. & Ireland: R. Harding Ukraine: V. Sergan If I had more space, I would touch on 3-D technologies, touch technologies, flexible Upper Mid-West: P. Downen electronic paper, advanced driver technologies, components for pico projectors, Executive Director T. Miller wireless panel architectures, high-brightness reflective displays, and “electronic skin” Office Administration technology. Alas, I don’t. You will just have to enjoy discovering these papers (and Office and Data Manager: Jenny Bach others) on your own during Display Week 2009 in San Antonio. Society for Information Display 1475 S. Bascom Ave., Ste. 114 Campbell, CA 95008 408/879-3901, fax -3833 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.sid.org

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2009 SID Honors and Awards

This year’s winners of the Society for Information Display’s coveted Honors and Awards include Dr. Peter Raynes, who will receive the Jan Rajchman Prize for his work with twisted-nematic liquid-crystal displays; Dr. Ernst Lueder, who will be awarded the Slottow- Owaki Prize for his contributions as an outstanding and inspiring teacher; and Mr. Peter Baron, who has earned the Lewis and Beatrice Winner Award for years of service to the Society for Information Display. by Jenny Donelan

EACH YEAR, the Society for Informa- displays, fast-responding and thermodynami- with a Ph.D. in low-temperature physics. In tion Display (SID) honors individual scientists cally stable biphenyl mixtures, and dichroic 1971, he joined the Royal Signals and Radar and researchers for outstanding achievements supertwisted-nematic LCDs.” Establishment (now part of QinetiQ) at in the field of electronic information displays Dr. Raynes’ career spans nearly 40 years Malvern, U.K., to work on liquid-crystal and for outstanding service to the Society. and includes more than 120 published papers materials and devices. Only a small number of the preeminent mem- and over 60 filed patent applications. He Swiss physicist and inventor Dr. Martin bers of the industry are nominated and fewer played a primary role in developing liquid- Schadt recalls those times: “I have known still are finally chosen as recipients. “In our crystal displays and was responsible for many Peter as an excellent scientist and good friend professional lives, there are few greater key device inventions. since the pioneering days of liquid-crystal rewards than recognition by our peers,” says Dr. Raynes began his professional career field-effect displays and LC-material develop- Honors and Awards Chair Christopher King. after graduating from Cambridge University ment in the early 1970s,” says Schadt. Only a “For an individual in the field of displays, an few years after Schadt and colleague Wolfang award or prize from the Society, which repre- Helfrich had patented and published the sents his or her peers worldwide, is a most twisted-nematic (TN) effect in 1970, Dr. significant experience.” The winners will be Raynes started to do research on the new field honored during Display Week 2009 at the effect as a young scientist at the Royal Signals awards banquet to be held on Monday and Radar Establishment. “Being interested evening, June 1, preceeding the Symposium. in academic and application-related scientific problems,” says Schadt, “Peter began research Jan Rajchman Prize on the boundary conditions required for opti- This award is presented for an outstanding mal operation of TN-LCDs. He discovered the scientific or technical achievement in, or con- importance of tilted surface alignment for tribution to, research on flat-panel displays. proper static and dynamic operation of TN- Dr. Peter Raynes, SID Fellow and Chair of LCDs.” Optoelectronics at Oxford University, has Dr. Raynes was ultimately responsible for been awarded the Jan Rajchman Prize “for his the invention, patenting, and development of pioneering work enabling the development of surface-aligning technologies that enabled dislocation-free twisted-nematic liquid-crystal dislocation-free TN-LCDs; this included a means of preventing tilt as well as twist Jenny Donelan is the Managing Editor of dislocations. His early work on the causes of Information Display Magazine. She can be surface-induced dislocations in TN-LCDs reached at [email protected]. Dr. Peter Raynes enabled industry to manufacture optically

10 Information Display 4/09 0362-0972/04/2009-010$1.00 + .00 © SID 2009 uniform twisted-nematic LCDs. All future In 1992, Dr. Raynes moved to the Sharp teacher were instrumental in repeatedly LCD aligning technologies benefited from the Laboratories of Europe, Ltd., at Oxford, U.K., attracting brilliant students to his program. aligning technologies he developed, and his where he was director of research until he During his tenure, he supervised more than aligning concepts were patented and licensed took up the chair of optoelectronics in the 600 undergraduate research projects, each worldwide to the LCD industry. Department of Engineering Science at Oxford representing several months of student labora- Dr. Raynes also developed the first University in 1998. tory work time; more than 630 master thesis commercial cyano-biphenyl mixture, E7. research projects, each representing up to one “Following the invention of the cyano- Slottow-Owaki Prize year of research time; as well as 88 Ph.D. biphenyls by George Gray and co-workers, Awarded for outstanding contributions to the thesis projects. To date, 13 of his Ph.D. Peter was the first to apply Schröder Van Laar education and training of students and profes- students have become full professors, with formalism to determine thermodynamically sionals in the field of information display. several of them now heading up sizeable stable compositions of multi-component Dr. Ernst Lueder is receiving the Slottow- research facilities and teams of their own. liquid-crystal mixtures,” says Schadt. “That Owaki Prize “for his many contributions Dr. Andras I. Lakatos, Editor of the Journal first cyano-biphenyl mixture, E-7, was suc- as an outstanding and inspiring teacher, of the Society for Information Display (JSID), cessfully commercialized by British Drug scientist, and mentor for the active-matrix met Lueder almost 30 years ago when Lakatos Houses (now Merck) and by Roche. E-7 is community.” was manager of TFT-LCD research at the still a standard mixture for academic research.” As a professor at the University of Stuttgart Xerox Corporate Research Center. Ernst Last, notes Schadt, “Apart from his work on in Germany and the founder of the Flat-Panel proudly showed me his very well-equipped TN-LCDs, Peter invented the first super- Display Laboratory at the University, Dr. laboratory at the University of Stuttgart,” says twisted-nematic guest-host LCD in 1982.” Lueder’s skills as a gifted and inspiring Lakatos. “But what impressed me the most

2009 SID Fellow Awards The grade of fellow is conferred annually upon SID members of outstanding qualifications and experience as scientists or engineers whose significant contributions to the field of information display have been widely recognized.

Dr. Amal Ghosh “for his pioneering contribu- Dr. Jun Souk “for his many pioneering contribu- tions to the technology of organic light-emitting- tions to the technology of very-large-area thin- diode microdisplays, including device architecture, film-transistor liquid-crystal displays.” Dr. Souk thin-film encapsulation, and overall fabrication.” is a Technology Advisor at Samsung Electronics, Dr. Ghosh is currently Vice President, R&D and LCD Division. He received his physics degrees Engineering, for eMagin Corp. He holds a Ph.D. from Seoul National University and Drexel Uni- in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of versity. In 2008, he received an honorary Ph.D. Technology. from Kent State University for his pioneering work in the LCD field. Dr. Min Koo Han “for his many contributions to the design of thin-film-transistor arrays for Dr. Sashiro Uemura “for his pioneering con- liquid-crystal displays and compensation circuits tributions to field-emission-display research for organic light-emitting-diode displays employ- through the development of new carbon-nanotube ing both amorphous-silicon and polysilicon thin- growth and activation technologies and for using film transistors.” Dr. Han is a professor with the carbon nanotubes to build experimental full- School of Electrical Engineering, Seoul National color FEDs.” Dr. Uemura is General Manager University, in Seoul, Korea. He has a Ph.D. in electrical engineer- for Noritake and Director for Noritake Itron. He ing from The Johns Hopkins University. received his Ph.D. degree from Nagoya University.

Dr. Sang Soo Kim “for his many contributions Dr. John Z. Zhong “for his many contributions to the field of liquid-crystal displays, including to the application and commercialization of flat- advancements in the imaging performance of panel-display technology, as well as the develop- LCDs and for the groundbreaking development ment of technology including the high-aperture of large-area active-matrix LCDs.” Dr. Kim thin-film-transistor array structure and multi- currently leads product development for Samsung touch displays.” Dr. Zhong is Senior Manager, LCD Business as a Samsung Fellow and Execu- Display and Touch Engineering, for Apple, tive VP. He received his Ph.D. in physics from North Carolina Inc. He earned his Ph.D. in physics from Case Western Reserve State University. University.

Information Display 4/09 11 SID’s best and brightest

was how proud he was of the individual Student Paper Award, notes Lakatos, adding, members of his research team – the students, “This is a much-needed and most generous post-docs, and others who worked in his gift.” group. Later on, I realized that his great Dr. Lueder also conducted a number of SID intellect always worked in concert with fair- Symposium short courses over the years and ness and kindness. This was much appreci- has authored several books, including Liquid ated by just about everyone who came in Crystal Displays: Addressing Schemes and contact with Ernst.” Electro-Optical Effects, the most widely sold Dr. Lakatos also notes that Dr. Lueder has book of the SID/Wiley series on display been Associate Editor of JSID for nearly 10 technology. years. “He works hard to improve the quality He also founded the Institute of Network of the papers for which he is the technical and Systems Theory, as well as two major editor. He always tries to teach the authors research institutions with extensive clean- how to improve their original manuscripts,” room facilities, the aforementioned Flat-Panel says Lakatos. “This is especially important Display Laboratory, and the Institute for when the authors are graduate students.” In Microelectronics in Stuttgart, which operates fact, Dr. Lueder has donated the $2000 a CMOS line. The Flat Panel Display Labora- stipend of the Slottow-Owaki Prize to support tory has a class 10-100 clean room that is the annual prize money that is given to the fully equipped for developing and fabricating winners of the JSID Annual Outstanding Dr. Ernst Lueder AMLCD and AMOLED demonstrators on

2009 SID Special Recognition Awards Presented to members of the technical, scientific, and business community (not necessarily SID members) for distinguished and valued contri- butions to the information display field.

Dr. Byung-Chul Ahn “for his many contribu- Mr. Gary Jones “for his entrepreneurial leader- tions to the display industry through the develop- ship in the advancement of field-emission and ment of advanced technologies for innovative organic light-emission display technologies, high-performance active-matrix liquid-crystal including the development and commercialization display products and applications.” Dr. Ahn is of the world’s first full-color active-matrix OLED Head of the OLED Business Unit at LG Display. displays.” Mr. Jones is the founder of Nano- He received his Ph.D. from the Tokyo Institute of quantum Corp. He received his B.S. degree in Technology. electrical engineering from Purdue University.

Dr. Peter L. Bocko “for his central role in deliv- Dr. Hiro Kikuchi “for his leading contributions ering innovative high-performance glass sub- to the research and development of optically strates for the display industry, including envi- isotropic liquid-crystal materials for the blue- ronmentally friendly display glass and substrates phase mode that exhibits fast electro-optical compatible with polysilicon backplanes for liq- response and requires no surface treatment for uid-crystal and organic light-emitting displays.” device fabrication.” Dr. Kikuchi is a professor Dr. Bocko is Chief Technology Officer for with the Institute for Materials Chemistry and Corning East Asia. He received his master’s and doctorate degrees Engineering, Kyushu University, Japan. He holds a doctorate from in physical chemistry from Cornell University. Kyushu University.

Dr. Hideo Hosono “for his pioneering proposal Dr. Temkar Ruckmongathan “for his pioneering to use amorphous In-Ga-ZnO as the semiconduc- contributions to display education in India and tor to make a transparent thin-film-transistor his research and development of matrix-address- display backplane and for demonstrating a ing technologies with multi-line and wavelet- performance level that makes the material a based techniques.” Dr. Ruckmongathan is a candidate for the next generation of flat-panel scientist and professor with the Raman Research displays.” Dr. Hosono is a professor at the Institute. He holds an M.S. degree and a Ph.D. Tokyo Institute of Technology. He received his Ph.D. in applied from the Indian Institute of Science. chemistry from Tokyo Metropolitan University.

12 Information Display 4/09 80 substrate sizes up to 40 × 40 cm. It has a 17-year track record of developing and demonstrating large-area display demonstra- tors entirely in-house and is the only univer- sity-based laboratory in the U.S. or Europe with this distinction. Dr. Lueder studied electrical engineering at the University of Stuttgart, receiving a Diplom Ingenieur (comparable to a master’s degree) in 1958 and a Ph.D. in 1962. He received his Habilitation (German university teaching credentials) in 1966. In addition to holding assistant and then full professorships at the University, Dr. Lueder was also a mem- 80° Contrast ber of the technical staff at Bell Telephone vs Viewing Angle Laboratories in Holmdel, New Jersey, from 1968 to 1971. He is now retired and has Ultra fast served as President of the Electro Optical High Dynamic Range Consultancy, which focuses on the display industry, since 2000. Mr. Peter Baron Affordable CONOMETER Lewis and Beatrice Winner Award Awarded for exceptional and sustained activities since the early eighties. He has service to SID. served in many capacities, including Program Mr. Peter Baron earned this award “for Chair and General Chair for the SID Los his many years of innovative, tireless, and Angeles chapter offices. He has also been outstanding service to the Society since its Director to the International SID Board for the inception in 1962, including his distinctive L.A. chapter almost continuously since 1989. service to SID in numerous local and interna- Along the way he also served as SID Regional tional positions.” Vice President for the Americas during a A member of SID since its founding in period of aggressive growth and international- 1962, Mr. Baron has been active in Society ization of the Society. As a member of the program committee for the SID annual Inter- national Symposium, he spearheaded an effort to expand the scope of the conferences to The 2009 award winners significantly increase coverage of end-user will be honored at the SID display applications and later helped to organize the 2004-2006 Americas Display Honors & Awards Banquet Engineering and Application Conferences Imaging Photometers (ADEAC). Mr. Baron has been the SID Imaging Spectrophotometers which will take place Monday Archives/Historian Chair since 2003. Accord- BRDF Instruments evening, June 1, 2009, during ing to Information Display Executive Editor Conoscopic Instruments and SID Director Stephen Atwood, who has Luminance Standards Display Week at the San worked with Mr. Baron on several endeavors, Antonio Hyatt. Tickets cost including the ADEAC conferences, “Peter has worked tirelessly for the betterment of SID $50 and must be purchased and shown his endless devotion to both educa- tion and advancement of display technology in advance – tickets will not in everything he has done.” be available on-site. Mr. Baron holds electrical engineering 301-1505 Carling Avenue degrees from Purdue University and is the Ottawa, Ontario Canada Visit www.sid2009.org Founder and President of ABCD Technology. K1Z 7L9 Canada 613-686-1738 for more information. USA 408-404-1589 lumetrix.com

See Us at Display Week 2009 Booth 547 symposium preview

Display Week 2009 Symposium Preview

Plan your visit to Display Week 2009 with an advance look at the key trends and issues that will be highlighted in the symposium’s far-ranging collection of display-technology sessions. by Jenny Donelan

THIRTEEN SUBCOMMITTEES have is very new and promising,” says Kim. “This Applications: Color Comes Closer to chosen the papers to be presented at the technology affects not only thin-film-transis- e-Paper Society for Information Display’s Interna- tor liquid-crystal displays (TFT-LCDs), but Display applications are where the rubber tional Symposium at Display Week 2009 also active-matrix organic light-emitting- meets the road – where the technology goes in San Antonio this June. From exciting diode (AMOLED) displays – future flat-panel into real products and customer problems are new discoveries to cutting-edge research to displays.” One of the papers focusing on that solved. This year, the hot session topics ingenious manufacturing solutions, these topic will be “Development of a Driver- include 3-D displays, LED backlights, and papers will disclose results and ideas from Integrated Panel Using Amorphous In-Ga-Zn- low-power solutions such as e-paper. “The top researchers from the international Oxide TFTs” by Takeshi Osada from the 3-D application session will include unique electronic-display industry. Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co. implementations that relate to the evolving The following is a list of session highlights Osada’s design team created a 4-in. quarter- 3-D stereo field,” says committee member by subcommittee, which includes active- video graphics array (qVGA) liquid-crystal Adi Abileah, Chief Scientist at Planar matrix devices, applications, applied vision, panel integrated with a gate driver and a Systems. Among those papers are “An display electronics, display manufacturing, source driver by using bottom-gate bottom- Autostereoscopic 3-D Display Using Tunable display measurement, display systems, emis- contact (BGBC) TFTs made from an oxide Liquid-Crystal Lens Array that Mimics sive displays, field-emission displays, liquid- semiconductor. They then prototyped the Effects of a GRIN Lenticular-Lens Array” by crystal technology, OLEDs, and projectors. liquid-crystal panel and integrated the gate Paul C.-P. Chao from National Chiao Tung The thirteenth subcommittee, new this year, is driver and source driver on the panel. University, and “VCMaster3D: A New flexible displays. For flexible-display high- Kim notes that although this is not the first Fourier Optics Viewing-Angle Instrument for lights, see the article “Flexible Displays Come time that the above technology has been Characterization of Autostereoscopic 3-D Into Their Own at Display Week 2009” that presented – there have been papers at IMID Displays” by Pierre Boher from ELDIM. The appeared in the March issue of Information (International Meeting on Information first paper discusses tunable liquid-crystal Display magazine. Display) and ITC (International Thin-Film lenticular lenses that are unique in structure, Transistor Conference) – SID ’09 will repre- says Abileah. The second is about a cono- Active-Matrix Devices: Can Oxide sent the largest and most exciting confluence scopic camera specific to autostereo displays. Thin Films Substitute for Silicon? of such papers. “The angular resolution is very high, and it The biggest news by far in the Display Week Other papers of interest include: includes features that allow the characteriza- 2009 active-matrix sessions, according to • “A Novel Driving Method for Cost- tion of viewing freedom range, stereo con- subcommittee chair Hyun Jae Kim, Associate Competitive a-Si TFT-LCDs” by trast, stereo luminance, and more.” Professor with the School of Electrical and Su-Hwan Moon from LG Display In terms of low-power solution topics, the Electronic Engineering at Yonsei University discusses the application of six-times- recent releases of new e-paper products has in Seoul, Korea, will be the use of oxide- rate driving (SRD) to a TFT-LCD. led to a related and growing question: how semiconductor technology as a replacement • “A Novel Low-Power-Consumption All- soon can electrophoretic technology be for silicon-semiconductor technology. “This Digital System-on-Glass Display with adapted to full color? Come to the session Serial Interface” by Kenji Harada from and see for yourself. Jenny Donelan is the Managing Editor of Toshiba explains how designers achieved The paper that attempts to answer that Information Display Magazine. She can be a power consumption of 15 µW in a question is: “Development of e-Paper Color reached at [email protected]. 2.26-in. format. Display Technologies” by Alex Henzen of

14 Information Display 4/09 0362-0972/04/2009-014$1.00 + .00 © SID 2009 iRex Technologies, an invited paper that gration of components in the display module Display Manufacturing this year. This issue is addresses the possibility of going beyond the (to improve form factor and reduce cost and especially relevant to LCDs: smarter manu- gray-scale reproduction to which elec- power) is driving the development of efficient facturing techniques will only bolster this trophorectic layers are now limited. “The electronics systems.” A related trend, he technology’s dominance, according to Drzaic. final goal,” according to the paper’s abstract, notes, is the idea that a display is no longer Other papers of interest include: “must be a color image that challenges the just a panel. “To reach the high image qual- • “Fabrication of a 26-in. PVA LCD Panel performance of a color photograph.” ity, low power, and attractive form factor of by Using a Laser Ablation Process” by today’s displays,” says Klompenhouwer, “it Yonghwan Shin from Samsung Electronics Applied Vision: Optimizing Wide- is just as important to develop innovative Co., Ltd., (in collaboration with Nakan Color Gamut signal processing, interfaces, and driving Corp.) describes how the team replaced a According to Applied Vision Chair Helge technologies.” six-step process with a single laser-abla- Seetzen, Director for HDR Technology at Other papers of interest include: tion step to pattern ITO in a TFT panel. BrightSide Technologies, the Applied Vision • “Low Overhead Clock-Shared Differen- • “FPD Repair System Using Electrostatic subcommittee addresses a unique segment of tial Signaling (CSDS): An Efficient Droplet Technology” by Hyungjin Lee the display industry, both in terms of technol- Interface for Large-Sized TFT-LCDs” by from LG Electronics explores the use of ogy and timing. The committee tends to Nyuntae Kim from Samsung Electronics electrohydrodynamic jet technology as a review papers on physical devices that are Co., Ltd., and “A Reduced Voltage reliable means of repairing the black already in the marketplace – with topics that Differential Signaling (RVDS) Interface matrix in a TFT panel. include common applications as well as new for Chip-on-Glass TFT-LCD Applica- trends. “We also have studies from R&D labs tions” by Jung Pil Lim also from Sam- Display Measurement: A New that are working extremely far forward,” says sung Electronics Co., Ltd. Says Klom- Standard for Metrology Seetzen. It is uncommon, he notes, to receive penhouwer: “These two papers mark the In terms of quantity and quality, this was one a paper representing untried applications. ongoing development of efficient inter- of the best years ever for submissions to The Applied Vision focus this year, he faces (high bandwidth, low power, mini- Display Measurement, according to sub- notes, seems to be white color gamut. Last mal wires) to cope with the high committee chair Stephen Atwood, Principle year’s conference featured numerous papers demands in current display modules, Engineer, Azonix Corp. The biggest news in across multiple sub-committees that were such as high resolution, thin form factor, this area is the creation of the Display Metrol- devoted to building wide-color-gamut dis- and low power.” ogy Standard (DMS) by SID’s International plays. What the APV committee is seeing • “Advanced Local Dimming and Scan- Committee for Display Metrology (ICDM). now, he says, are papers on how to optimize ning LED-Backlight Driving System Members of that committee have spent count- those displays. One such paper in particular is Using a Novel Driver IC” by Kyoung-Uk less hours over the past few years, working on “Evaluation of Gamut-Expansion Algorithms Cho from Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., the altruistic and far-sighted goal of creating a for Wide-Gamut Displays” by Dr. Masato and “Color Optimization Model for common language for display measurements Sakurai of Sony Corp. High-Dynamic-Range LCDs with RGB that can be used by anyone involved with A forward-looking topic that is showing up Color Backlights” by Yi-Ling Chen from displays. “It’s like Linux for metrology,” says this year is interactivity. “It’s not just about National Chiao Tung University are Atwood. For more about the DMS and the making a display that works well,” says examples of the idea that a display is ICDM’s dedicated session at Display Week, Seetzen, “it’s what can we do with it in terms more than a panel, requiring advanced see “ICDM Special Session: A Visionary of interaction with a touch screen or using it signal processing that is also fully inte- Standard “ in the March 2009 issue of Infor- in more varied environments. “ grated with the display. mation Display magazine. Other interesting papers include: • Two invited papers, “Key Requirements Another type of vision is the subject of a • “Human Vision in Complex Environments” for High-Quality Frame-Rate Conver- paper by Toni Järvenpää from Nokia Research by Mary Hayhoe from the University of sion” by Claus Nico Cordes from NXP Center, “Advances in Near-to-Eye Display Texas at Austin, an invited paper in the Semiconductors and “A Consideration on Optical Characterization,” takes an advance session on Image-Quality Evaluation. Motion-Image-Quality Improvement of look at measuring displays that are not widely LCD-TVs” by Taiichiro Kurita from in use yet. Special glasses or head-up Display Electronics: A Display is More NHK Science & Technical Research displays will help users more comfortably Than a Panel Laboratories, provide an overview of the view movies and other content on the tiny A trend with regard to established display current status of motion artifacts in LCD screens of portable media. “It’s hard to watch technologies, according to Display Electronics TVs. a movie on your iPod,” says Atwood, “but Chair Michiel A. Klompenhouwer, Senior you can put on these ‘projector’ glasses and Research Scientist with the Video Processing Display Manufacturing: Cost- plug them into your iPod and now you have a Group at Philips Research Laboratories, “is Effectiveness Is Key bigger, virtual image.” What Järvenpää has that innovations are shifting to electronics As SID President Paul Drzaic explains in this done, Atwood explains, is to find methods to (driving and signal processing) rather than month’s President’s Corner, new approaches characterize these near-to-eye virtual displays device physics, and also that the ongoing inte- to reducing costs are a hot topic for papers in – to apply as much practical metrology as

Information Display 4/09 15 symposium preview

possible to an area in which human factors have been scheduled for release in 3-D representatives from both companies will be and ergonomics will figure greatly. throughout 2009 – is it only a matter of time presenting papers in the display systems Other papers of interest include: before 3-D shows up in home televisions as sessions. Samsung’s Sang Soo Kim will be • “Comparison of Motion-Blur Measure- well? Researchers and designers are betting describing a full-HD 240-Hz TFT-LCD in a ment Methods” by Andrew Watson from on it. In fact, 3-D is one of the most exciting paper titled “World’s First 240-Hz TFT-LCD the NASA Ames Research Center and developments in Display Systems, according for Full-HD LCD TV and Its Application to “Advanced Display Motion-Induced to Subcommittee Chair Brian Schowengerdt 3-D Displays.” That LCD demonstrates twice Color-Distortion Analysis Methods” by of the University of Washington’s College of the speed of a unit the company presented last Jongseo Lee from Samsung Electronics Engineering. Key to the development of 3-D year, Schowengerdt notes. Daiichi Suzuki Co., Ltd., both address the measurement televisions is high-speed LCDs that are opti- from Toshiba will present an earlier-stage of motion blur. Atwood describes the mized for 3-D use. technology based on time-sequential optically removal of motion blur as “one of the “One of the ways to create 3-D images is to compensated bend (OCB) LCDs that are fundamental challenges to the LCD- flash the right and left images of a stereo- “even faster but not as close to commercial- panel industry. Having solid methods to scopic pair back and forth sequentially over ization,” he says. That paper is “Crosstalk- characterize the phenomena and quantify time,” says Schowengerdt. “Historically, it’s Free 3-D Displays with Time-Sequential the improvements will be critical.” been difficult to do this well with flat-screen OCB-LCDs.” displays because the 3-D mode effectively Other papers of interest include: Display Systems: 3-D TVs Get Closer halves the refresh rate.” LCDs have just not • “Eco-Display High-Optical-Throughput to Home been fast enough. But both Samsung and Color-Filterless Field-Sequential LCDs” Now that 3-D has come to movie theaters in a Toshiba have developed new ways to increase by Han-Ping D. Shieh and “Two-Color big way – approximately 30 “A-list” pictures the speed of LCDs, notes Schowengerdt, and Field-Sequential Method for Color-

2009 Display Week Schedule at a Glance — Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center

Sunday MondayTuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday TIMETABLE Course Sem Bus Symp Exh Inv App Symp Exh Symp Exh Symp 7:30 AM - 8:00 AM 8:00 AM - 8:30 AM SID Bus Mtg 8:30 AM - 9:00 AM Seminar 9:00 AM - 9:30 AM Welcome & Oral Oral 1 - 3 Oral Papers 9:30 AM - 10:00 AM Keynote Addresses 21-27 Papers Papers 10:00 AM - 10:30 AM 38-43 58-64

10:30 AM - 11:00 AM Business Oral Oral Seminar Conference Oral Oral Papers 11:00 AM - 11:30 AM Investors App Papers Papers 4 - 6 28-32

S1 & S2 Papers 11:30 AM - 12:00 PM Conf. Tutorials 44-50 65-69 3-8 12:00 PM - 12:30 PM Short Course Bus. A1-A2 SID Auth. Int. 12:30 PM - 1:00 PM Conf. Lunch Luncheon & Exhibits Open Investors 1:00 PM - 1:30 PM Lunch App DYA Lunch 1:30 PM - 2:00 PM Tutorials Awards Oral Seminar 2:00 PM - 2:30 PM Oral A3-A4 Papers 7 - 9

2:30 PM - 3:00 PM Papers Break Exhibits Open 51-57 3:00 PM - 3:30 PM 9-14 App Auth. Int. 3:30 PM - 4:00 PM

Exhibits Open Tutorials Oral A5-A6 4:00 PM - 4:30 PM Seminar Business Oral Papers Conference Papers 15- 10 - 12 33-37 20

Investors Conference Poster 4:30 PM - 5:00 PM S3 & S4 Papers 5:00 PM - 5:30 PM Short Course Auth. Int. Auth. Int. . 5:30 PM - 6:00 PM . Inv. Bus. Recept 6:00 PM - 6:30 PM Recept 6:30 PM - 7:00 PM 7:00 PM - 7:30 PM 7:30 PM - 8:00 PM 8:00 PM - 8:30 PM 8:30 PM - 9:00 PM Awards 9:00 PM - 9:30 PM Banquet 9:30 PM - 10:00 PM

16 Information Display 4/09 Filter-Free MVA-LCDs” by Yi Ru usual explanations are (1) the FED panels resolution, power consumption, cost, LED Cheng, a professor and student, respec- have a reliability problem or (2) the FED backlights, and touch applications. “We have tively, from National Chiao Tung panels have a brightness-uniformity problem.” also noticed the emergence of other passive University in Taiwan, address color- “So far not all of the players have officially display technologies,” says Bahadur. “There filterless LCDs with lower power con- withdrawn from pursuing the FED effort; they are many papers on electrowetting, electro- sumption and diminished color break-up. are hoping and waiting for a breakthrough phoretic, and other passive displays. A rec- • “1-mm-Diameter Full-color Scanning invention to happen,” Chen continues. In ommended paper in this area is ‘Transmissive Fiber Pico Projector” by Brian the meantime, researchers are trying to find Electrowetting-Based Displays for Portable Schowengerdt from the University of new applications for FEDs, including back- Multi-Media Devices’ by Andrea Giraldo Washington discusses a miniature projec- light units for LCD panels and consumer from Liquavista BV.” Another overall trend tor that is 1 mm in diameter and 9 mm in lighting because in these applications the to note, according to Bahadur, is the continu- length and can project full-color images requirements for brightness uniformity and ing “greening” of LCDs. “Newer displays at 500 × 500 pixels. longevity are not so critical as for TVs. consume less power and their manufacturing This situation puts FEDs in a tough spot uses less materials and processes, which indi- Emissive Displays: Creating More- with regard to cutting-edge papers but never- rectly reduce the emission of green-house Efficient Plasma theless there are some good ones this year, gases. LCDs can reduce paper and, hence, Improving plasma-display panel (PDP) effi- notes Chen. One is “Improvements of Color tree consumption significantly and can be ciency – partly by increasing xenon-gas con- CNT-FED Character Displays” by Hiroyuki used again and again. They are also effective tent – is one of the trends that Subcommittee Kurachi from Noritake Co., which presents a in educating people in poor countries or Chair Gerrit Oversluizen from Philips CNT-FED used in a character-display device. remote places.” Research Laboratories says he is noticing in “This paper discusses the improvements of the Other notable papers include: the area of emissive displays. There has also higher pixel density and lower power usage of • “An Over-500-Hz Frame-Rate-Drivable been “much attention given to the protective the new design,” says Chen. “This is one of PSS-LCD: Its Basic Performance” by layer in PDPs,” he says. In general, research the very few successful FED products on the Norio Koshida from Nano Loa, Inc. efforts seem to be directed at lowering the market.” • “Fast-Switching Flexoelectric Display cost of production while increasing perfor- Other papers of interest include: Device with High Contrast” by Flynn mance. Oversluizen notes that there were no • A 7-in. Field-Emission Backlight-Unit Castles, a student at the University of large-size commercial panel-improvement Assembly Using TiO2-Coated Spacer for Cambridge, describes how a flexo- contributions from the industry this year. LCD Panels” by Jian-Min Jeng from electro-optic effect provides a fast- Other papers of interest include: Tatung University describes “a charge switching mechanism suitable for use in • “Address Discharge Characteristics of leakage coating on a CNT backlight field-sequential-color full-motion-video High-Luminous-Efficacy PDP with SrO unit’s spacers to eliminate the discharge displays. Protecting Layer” by Hae Yoon Jung arcing problem in CNT backlight units,” from Seoul National University describes says Chen. OLEDs: Advances in Manufacturing, how researchers, in their words, • “ Enhanced Electron Emission of Improvements in Performance “achieved low voltage driving and Carbon-Nanotube Emitters with Post- If from a research curve standpoint, OLED high luminous efficacy by applying Growth Treatment” by Kyu Chang discoveries are flattening out somewhat – SrO protecting layer in PDPs.” Park from Kyung Hee University “This year we feel that OLED is a maturing • “Control of Temperature Dependency of discusses a new resist-assisted patterning technology,” says Subcommittee Chair Denis Exo-Electron Emission Behavior for (RAP) process to improve a CNT Kondakov from Eastman Kodak Co. – key MgO Film of ACPDPs” by Yong Seog emitter’s emission controllability and advances continue to be made. “We are see- Kim from Hongik University is an uniformity. ing steady improvement in the important per- invited paper recommended by the formance characteristics rather than sporadic chair. Liquid-Crystal Technology: Incremental breakthroughs,” he says. And, in manufactur- Rather than Evolutionary Improvements ing, there is still much to be done before Field-Emission Displays: Advances in “LCDs have achieved maturity in perfor- OLED-based products – especially larger ones Non-TV Areas mance and price and established themselves – hit the market in a big way and fulfill their “Four or five years ago, every major display as the benchmark for all other displays.” says potential as a contender to LCD (see this company had a large R&D program pursuing Chair Birendra Bahadur of Rockwell Collins. month’s “President’s Corner”). Both “Multi- a field-emission-display (FED) color-TV “Most of the current LCD improvements are nozzle Printing: A Cost-Effective Process for project,” says SID Fellow Jim Chen. Several incremental and not evolutionary. Fast OLED-Display Fabrication” by Reid Chester- major manufacturers demonstrated large, switching, cholesteric, flexible and mobile field from Dupont Displays and “Large-Area beautiful displays based on this technology. displays, optical films, and 3-D seem to be the Color-Patterning Technology for AMOLEDs” But the majority of these programs have gone hottest topics in LCDs.” Further improve- by Min Chul Suh from Samsung SDI Co., quiet. Although no one nor any company has ments, he continues, are also happening in Ltd., discuss manufacturing techniques for officially claimed a reason, Chen says, “the viewing angle, response time, color gamut, OLED displays.

Information Display 4/09 17 symposium preview

Other papers of interest include: Projection Displays: Picos Generate become a large category vs. a novelty type • “AMOLED Displays Using Transfer- Plenty of Interest device.” Printed ICs” by John Hamer from “There is a great deal of activity and new Key areas with regard to picos, he contin- Eastman Kodak Co. describes how development in pico projectors,” says Edward ues, include (a) development of an afford- active-matrix OLED (AMOLED) dis- English from REE Optical Systems, Chair of able, mass-produceable green laser, (b) small, plays were fabricated using backplanes the Projection Displays subcommittee. “This fast field-sequential microdisplay devices, with transfer-printed microscale- is a very active area; there have been several and (c) effective thermal and power manage- silicon integrated circuits in place of big announcements and a lot of press about ment. “There is also a great deal of commer- conventional thin-film transistors these devices. It is a nascent product group, cial activity – new product launches – (TFTs). with some uncertainty about whether it will for small, so-called companion or pocket

2009 Display Week Symposium at a Glance — Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center

Times Ballroom C1 Ballroom C2 Ballroom C3 Room 214A/B Room 214C/D Room 217A/B Room 217C/D Times 8:00 – 10:20 SID Business Meeting and Keynote Session (Ballroom C) 8:00 – 10:20 7 8 4 5 10:50 – 3 6 Plasma-Display Efficacy Front-Projection 10:50 – AMOLEDs I Flexible-Display Emerging Display Systems Tuesday, June 2 Thursday, June 4 Friday, June 5 Friday, Field-Emission Displays Thursday, June 4 and Tuesday, June 2 12:10 Components Applications 12:10 Cell Design

10 9 11 12 13 Flexible-Display 14 2:00 – 3:20 AMOLEDs II 3-D Field-Emission Plasma-Display 2:00 – 3:20 Manufacturing Pico Projectors Applications Applications Driving (Joint with Manufacturing) Tuesday, June 2

16 17 18 19 20 15 3:40 – 5:00 Flexible Active-Matrix Understanding Visual Field-Sequential Phosphors Solid-State Projection 3:40 – 5:00 Oxide TFTs I Backplanes Display Artifacts Color Light Sources

5:00 – 6:00 Author Interviews (Exhibit Hall D) 5:00 – 6:00

24 25 26 27 22 23 9:00 – 10:20 Display Measurement Autostereoscopic Plasma-Display Driver-IC 9:00 – 10:20 21 Cholesteric LCDs OLED Devices I Methods and Standards Displays Protective Layers Technology Oxide TFTs II Wednesday, June 3

28 Special Session 31 32 10:40 – 29 30 10:40 – System-on-Glass Focus: Advance TV and Touch-Panel 12:00 Mobile Displays OLED Devices II 12:00 AMLCDs The ICDM 3-D Displays Electronics 2:00 – 3:30 Designated Exhibit Time (Exhibit Hall C) 2:00 – 3:30 36 37 33 34 35 Characterization of Novel Displays Novel Active-Matrix Novel Display

Wednesday, June 3 3:30 – 4:50 3:30 – 4:50 OLED Devices III Display Systems and Devices Technologies Components 5:00 – 6:00 Author Interviews (Exhibit Hall D) 5:00 – 6:00

40 42 38 OLED Manufacturing 41 43 39 Display 9:00 – 10:20 Touch-Screen (Joint with Stereoscopic Projection Backlight Driving: 9:00 – 10:20 Fast Response I Manufacturing: Active-Matrix Displays Manufacturing) (Joint with Projection) Color Processing Processes

50 49 44 46 47 48 Backlight Driving: 10:40 – 45 Display 10:40 – Organic TFTs OLED Image-Quality Slim High-Dynamic-Range Fast Response II Manufacturing: 12:00 Mechanisms Evaluation LCD TVs Processing 12:00 Patterning

57 53 54 56 Video Processing Thursday, June 4 55 51 52 Display Manufacturing: 1:30 – 2:50 AMOLED 3-D LED Backlights and 1:30 – 2:50 E-Paper LC Alignment Interconnects and Displays (Joint with Applications) Motion Fidelity Metalizations 3:00 – 4:00 Author Interviews (Exhibit Hall D) 3:00 – 4:00 4:00 – 7:00 Poster Session (Exhibit Hall D) 4:00 – 7:00

58 63 59 60 61 62 64 Emerging Display 9:00 – 10:20 Active-Matrix Optical Films for White OLEDs Image-Quality RGBW Color Interface 9:00 – 10:20 Manufacturing: Technologies LCDs Modelling (Joint with Electronics) Technologies OLEDs (Joint with Active Matrix)

66 65 68 69 10:40 – Novel LC 67 10:40 – Flexible Novel Backlights Display Manufacturing: 12:00 Materials and Color 12:00 Friday, June 5 AMOLEDs Substrates Effects 12:00 – 1:00 Author Interviews (Exhibit Hall D) 12:00 – 1:00

TECHNOLOGY TRACKS KEY Active Matrix Applications Applied Vision Electronics Emissive FEDs Flexible Displays Liquid Crystal Manufacturing Measurement OLEDs Projection Systems

18 Information Display 4/09 projectors in the 100–200-lm ~50-W range.” Important papers, says English, include “LCOS Devices for Professional Projection Displays” by Andre Van Calster from Ghent University, which reviews the development of LCOS microdisplay devices. In “High Con- From flat panel displays to x-ray sensors trast in Bright Ambients with Angle-Shifting Front-Projection Screen,” Baku Katagiri from Tohoku University will describe “a high- contrast screen that works well in bright, ambient environments using an angle-shifting structure,” according to English. And Jan Drumm of OSRAM will present advances in creating a compact RGB laser module that is suitable for pico-projector applications in “Compact RGB Laser Module for Embedded Laser Projection.” Other papers of interest include: • “White-Point Calibration of Color- few understand Sequential Mobile Projector” by Yongchan Keh from Samsung Electron- photolithography ics Co., Ltd., presents an analysis of how LED binning and optical tolerances affect the white-point calibration for like we do projectors. • “Perceived Brightness of LED Projec- It’s based on a thorough knowledge of because of additional circuitry. Feature tors,” a paper from Tsung-Hsun Yang, applications and how to achieve low cost sizes are down to 1.5 μm, overlay accuracy a student from the National Central of ownership for precision lithography, is <± 0.4 μm. University in Taiwan, presents “a nice whether on rigid glass, flexible, or analytical derivation of why we might roll-to-roll substrates. For FEDs, photolithography generates precise holes in the cathode plate in which perceive an LED-illuminated projector as For amorphous-silicon AMLCDs, thin-film emitters are fabricated. Hole diameters brighter than a UHP-lamp-illuminated transistor backplanes are produced on range from 0.8 to 1 μm, emitter heights projector,” says English. glass substrates, with feature sizes down to from 3 to 5 μm. 3 to 5 μm and overlay accuracy of ± 1 μm. Some Necessary Inspiration For X-ray sensors, as many as 10 mask From new flexible displays to the Display LTPS TFT-LCDs, used for PDAs and mobile layers or more with 2 μm CDs are required Measurements Standard to 3-D TVs, the smartphones, require more mask layers to produce highly uniform large area sensors. An accurate photolithographic Symposium sessions are proof that great process with precision stitching and discoveries and advances in display technol- Amorphous-silicon AMLCD backplane showing transistor and clear aperture locations. Azores’ repeatable exposure dosages is critical ogy have not stopped just because we are in a high-resolution steppers enable compressed to generate high yields. very tough economy. The Symposium is an circuitry for better display resolution excellent place to learn about new manufac- and depth of color. Visit us online today, and see what turing processes and materials that might decades of photolithography give your business the edge it needs. Come development can do for your get inspired at Display Week 2009. ■ demanding application.

For daily display industry news, visit www.azorescorp.com

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Information Display 4/09 19 lasers in FPD production

Lasers Enable Diverse Display Production Techniques

Laser-based techniques are finding increased use in certain aspects of flat-panel-display manufacturing. Lasers provide the option of a non-contact high-spatial-resolution tool that is appropriate for a variety of processing tasks, including thin-glass cutting, laser direct patterning, low-temperature-polysilicon annealing, and laser lift-off. by Rainer Paetzel

DISPLAY MANUFACTURERS contin- the glass surface. Furthermore, mechanical Laser cutting can also reduce the number ually face market pressure to improve display cutting leaves significant stress in the finished of process steps, since it does not require performance and reduce product weight and edge. To prevent further cracking or breaking any subsequent cleaning or grinding stages. thickness without significantly increasing in downstream handling and processing, it Therefore, while the capital cost for a laser- cost. Several innovative manufacturing tech- may therefore be necessary to grind or polish cutting station is higher than for a mechani- nologies have been developed to address the the cut surface after cutting. Also, a post- cal system, the overall investment in laser resultant fabrication challenges, and the laser process cleaning step may be required to remove cutting can be lower than for mechanical has emerged as a critical enabling tool for debris that could otherwise interfere with sub- processing if an additional grinding machine many of them. This article reviews four sequent processes, such as circuit formation. can be eliminated. As a result of the above major laser-based techniques currently being Laser glass cutting is a non-contact process factors, laser processing has been widely employed in display production: thin-glass that eliminates the problems of microcracking adopted in the display industry for the cut- cutting, laser direct patterning, low-tempera- and chipping. Also, laser cutting produces ting of glass substrates having a thickness of ture polysilicon annealing, and laser lift-off essentially no residual stress in the glass, result- 1 mm or less because this is the area where for flexible-display manufacture. ing in higher edge strength. This is critical the technology’s advantages are most pro- because even when force is applied to the nounced. In terms of processing speed, Thin-Glass Cutting center of a glass panel, any break usually some laser glass-cutting techniques are The conventional mechanical technique for initiates at the edge. Consequently, laser-cut faster than their mechanical counterparts; cutting glass has certain drawbacks for very glass can withstand two to three times as some are slower (see Table 1 below for a thin substrates, such as those used in minia- much force as mechanically cut glass. comparison). ture displays. In particular, the mechanical force of the cutting tool produces microcracks in the material, and the subsequent breaking Table 1: Comparison of mechanical and laser glass-cutting methods step yields small chips and debris, plus an Mechanical Scribe Laser Scribe Laser Full-Body Cut edge that is not necessarily perpendicular to Speed* 500 mm/sec <1500 mm/sec <20 mm/sec Rainer Paetzel is Director of Marketing for Accuracy 50 µm 25 µm 200 µm Coherent (Deutschland) GmbH, Dieselstraße µ µ µ 5 b , D-64807, Dieburg, Germany; telephone Thickness range 30 m – 20 mm 200 m – 10 mm 30 m – 1 mm

+49-551-6938155, e-mail: rainer.paetzel@ Cooling — Water, ethanol, CO2 Clean dry air, nitrogen coherent.com. Coherent GmbH is a maker of Post processing Breaking, grinding, cleaning Breaking — lasers, laser-based systems, precision optics, and related accessories. *Based on 0.5-mm-thick sodalime glass, with a 200-W laser and water cooling.

20 Information Display 4/09 0362-0972/04/2009-020$1.00 + .00 © SID 2009 There are two basic laser-based techniques The set-up for laser full-body cutting is the six steps of conventional lithography. for glass cutting: laser scribing, which is similar to that of laser scribing, with transla- Laser direct patterning can increase manufac- primarily used for substrates in the 0.3–0.7- tion of the substrate. The table summarizes turing efficiency by reducing cycle time, mm thickness range and laser full-body cut- the characteristics of mechanical cutting and increasing yields, and reducing manufacturing ting, which is utilized mostly with very thin the two laser techniques. floor space, as well as decreasing the environ- substrates of 0.2 mm or less. Both methods mental impact of production. typically use a continuous-wave (CW) CO2 Laser Direct Patterning Currently, a common application for laser laser or a pulsed CO2 laser with a repetition Lithography is used to pattern circuit elements direct patterning is in selectively removing the rate high enough to appear as a CW at the at various production stages for several differ- clear conductive layer of indium tin oxide feed rates used in this application. ent display technologies. Conventionally, the (ITO) on the front glass of a plasma-display In laser scribing, the laser is focused onto photolithographic process involves at least six panel (PDP) to form the front electrodes. This the surface of the glass, which is translated so separate steps (resist coating, baking, expo- task is usually performed using a multimode as to create a continuous cut. Since all glasses sure, developing, etching, and resist strip- Nd:YAG operating in the near-infrared. strongly absorb the 10.6-µm CO2 laser wave- ping). Each of these steps requires dedicated Most laser-based micromachining is per- length, all the laser energy is deposited at or capital equipment, which takes up manufac- formed using either a direct-write or a mask- near the surface of the glass, causing rapid turing floor space and each requires time based approach (see Fig. 2). In the case of heating. Either liquid or air is then delivered by to complete. Additionally, some of these ITO patterning, a combination of the two nozzles onto the glass to quickly cool it; the processes involve chemicals that are not processes is employed. In particular, a mask resulting thermal shock produces a continuous environmentally friendly. is used to define the pattern and the laser is crack in the glass that is typically about 100 µm In some cases, a single step in which a laser raster-scanned over the large glass substrate, deep (Fig. 1). After the entire scribing is com- directly ablates a material layer can replace rather than illuminating it all at once. This pleted, the glass then passes under a mechani- cal roller or controlled chopper bar that imparts enough force to propagate the crack through the entire substrate and break it. This break is free of debris and perpendicular to the surface. Laser full-body cutting utilizes an alterna- tive, non-mechanical method for breaking the glass. Here, the original scribe crack is cre- ated by a laser beam but with cooling only from an air or nitrogen jet. A second laser beam then causes rapid expansion of the glass and drives the crack all the way through the substrate, eliminating the need for a separate breaking process. No cooling is used with the second laser beam.

Coherent GmbH Fig. 2: Direct-write and mask-based laser processes are shown side by side. In direct writing, Coherent GmbH the focused laser beam is scanned by galvanometer mirrors to trace out the desired pattern Fig. 1: Laser scribing creates a continuous on the workpiece; in mask-based imaging, the laser illuminates a mask containing the desired crack through the glass. pattern, which is then re-imaged on the workpiece.

Information Display 4/09 21 lasers in FPD production

process produces the desired pattern on the work laser-based process for touch-screen scribing Increasing electron mobility delivers sev- surface. The multimode Nd:YAG laser is the uses a high-power diode-pumped solid-state eral benefits. First, it enables the implementa- machine of choice for this application as long laser operating in the ultraviolet (typically tion of smaller TFTs supporting higher aper- as relatively low resolution is required; this is over 20 W at 355 nm). Once again, the short ture ratios and therefore brighter AMLCDs because it is inexpensive, yet still supplies UV wavelength can easily be focused to and/or higher overall electrical efficiency. sufficient optical power to enable the process produce the desired feature size. Furthermore, Smaller TFTs can also enable higher-resolu- to occur at adequate throughput rates. Estimates this wavelength does not penetrate far into the tion displays. It also makes it practical to are that about half of the PDPs currently in substrate, meaning a minimal heat load on implement drivers and other circuitry directly production are laser processed in this manner. what is often a delicate thin glass or plastic on the display, simplifying overall system The laser-generated features on PDPs are substrate. The physical size of the scribe construction and lowering total costs. As a several hundreds of microns in size. How- patterns, together with their simplicity (usu- result, poly-Si annealing is a critical enabler ever, there are other applications in the pro- ally a checkerboard configuration), can be for system-on-panel (SoP/SoG) displays. It duction of other FPD types that require higher easily produced with a direct-write process. also delivers the ideal combination of high resolution. For example, in some LCD archi- performance and reliability to act as an ideal tectures, the transparent-conducting-oxide Low-Temperature-Polysilicon Annealing support matrix for AMOLEDs. However, (TCO) electrodes on the color-filter panel In active FPDs, silicon forms the basic semi- despite the performance benefits of poly-Si, must be precisely formed in order to properly conductive layer for the build-up of the thin- its use is unlikely to spread beyond these shape the electrical field, which controls the film transistors (TFTs) of the active matrix for display types any time soon. vertical alignment of the liquid-crystal various display applications including LCDs. Excimer-laser-based low-temperature- molecules within each red, green, and blue This layer is initially created by standard PE- polysilicon (LTPS) annealing is now the subpixel. The feature sizes of these electrodes or LP-CVD techniques and is amorphous in preferred approach for producing the poly-Si are on the order of 5 µm and below; i.e., too nature. Amorphous silicon (a-Si) is the domi- layer during FPD fabrication because it can small to be patterned by Nd:YAG lasers. nant material used in FPDs today; however, it be performed at low temperatures, possibly These are currently produced lithographically. has limited electron mobility, which in turn as low as 200°C. At present, the two LTPS The only practical laser method to achieve drives compromises in other aspects of dis- techniques most widely used are excimer- the spatial resolution and placement accuracy play designs. Increasing the electron mobility laser annealing (ELA) and sequential lateral necessary for this task is to use an excimer is highly desirable and electron mobility can solidification (SLS). Both of these require laser in a mask-imaging process. This appli- be dramatically increased by converting the excimer lasers that combine high pulse energy cation is currently at an early stage of devel- a-Si into polysilicon (poly-Si) through an (1 J) and repetition rates of several hundred opment and has not been deployed in produc- annealing (re-crystallization) process. hertz at very high-energy stability (Fig. 3). tion by any manufacturer. The deep ultra- violet output of the excimer laser enables production of micron-sized and even sub- micron-sized features (which is why they are used for integrated-circuit microlithography). In addition, the high pulse energy of the excimer laser can remove the entire TCO thin film in a single pulse, thus providing the required process throughput rate. The mask pattern is imaged at a demagnification on the work surface. This makes the power density on the mask much lower than that achieved on the work surface (see Fig. 2). To make this process practical, a mask must be created con- taining the circuit pattern for a large number of pixels to enable the parallel ablation of many pixels with one laser pulse. After each exposure is made, the substrate must then be translated relative to the laser beam for another shot; this is repeated until the entire display is processed. Another emerging laser process is produc- Coherent GmbH ing scribe lines on touch screens. Specifi- Fig. 3: Shown is the ELA polysilicon annealing processes (left) and the SLS process (right). In cally, touch-screen production usually ELA, the excimer beam is shaped into a long line and scanned over the substrate. In SLS, the involves scribing multiple lines of about laser beam is projected as a series of stripes onto the substrate. An exposure is made and then 25–50 µm in width through a TCO layer. The the substrate is translated by half the pitch of the pattern for another exposure.

22 Information Display 4/09 In ELA, the rectangular beam from a Laser Lift-Off Seiko-Epson and is currently used in products 308-nm excimer laser is optically homo- Flexible displays have enormous commercial based on E Ink technology. genized and re-shaped to form a long narrow potential, but their introduction has been Electronics on plastic by laser release is line (typically around 465 mm × 0.4 mm) that slowed by several significant technical chal- another lift-off process, pioneered by Philips has a high degree of energy uniformity lenges. In particular, the thin plastics sub- Research and is currently being used in pro- throughout its profile. This line profile is strates used for flexible displays are too deli- duction. Here, a polyimide film is spun onto directed at the silicon-coated substrate, which cate to be handled with conventional tooling the glass substrate prior to device fabrication. is then scanned relative to the beam. and will typically lose their limited rigidity at The polyimide is baked to a temperature Silicon efficiently absorbs 308-nm radiation, the high temperatures experienced in some higher than any used for subsequent TFT pro- making it possible to achieve near-complete melt production steps. Thus, flexible-display pro- cessing steps. Once again, display circuitry is with each individual pulse. This leads to effi- duction requires either substantial process fabricated using completely conventional cient crystal formation due to crystal growth in modification or will be restricted to a very methods. The plastic can withstand this pro- the vertical direction, starting at the interface small range of materials. cessing because it is physically supported by between the molten and residual unmolten silicon. Two laser techniques – SUFTLA (surface- the glass substrate. Next, a high-power ultra- In SLS, the laser beam is projected through free technology by laser annealing) and violet excimer laser is directed through the a mask, creating a striped pattern on the sub- EPLAR (electronics on plastic by laser glass substrate. This light is absorbed strongly by strate. This particular mask design makes it release) – have already proven capable of the plastic and a thin layer of it is ablated, thus possible to scan the substrate and crystallize avoiding these limitations. Both techniques separating the flexible display from the carrier. each location by just two consecutive laser pulses. employ the same concept to enable mass pro- Both SUFTLA and EPLAR offer similar The first pulse melts through the entire depth duction of flexible displays – fabricating the benefits. Specifically, they employ rigid glass of the Si layer, producing a pattern of lines of display circuitry on a rigid substrate using carriers, thus eliminating the need for special poly-Si with a-Si in between. The typical line conventional methods and then using the laser handling during fabrication, and they allow width is a few microns. The substrate is then to deposit highly localized energy at a layer or the use of standard processes and tools for offset by half the line pitch of the mask for the interface, allowing lift-off of the active display circuitry fabrication. Additionally, the next exposure. This exactly fills in the area devices from the rigid carrier. glass substrates can be cleaned and reused missed in the first exposure, yielding a contin- In SUFTLA, a sacrificial silicon layer is repeatedly. uous layer of laterally crystallized polysilicon. deposited on a standard substrate, and display In conclusion, lasers are finding increasing The primary advantage of SLS is that it can circuitry is fabricated on top of this layer use in FPD manufacture. They offer a non- potentially deliver as much as twice the using completely conventional methods. contact high-spatial-resolution tool that is use- throughput over ELA for the same process Then, a series of steps are performed to bond ful for a variety of processing and measure- requirements. However, at the present time, the circuitry to a temporary substrate, release ment tasks. In many instances, these charac- the industry uses ELA almost exclusively, and the original glass substrate, and then bond to teristics result in increased yields, higher it is the only process qualified for mass pro- a permanent, flexible plastic substrate (see throughput, improved performance, and more duction of AMOLEDs. Fig. 4). This technique was developed by environmentally friendly production.

Coherent GmbH Fig. 4: SUFTLA process overview: (a) Display circuitry is fabricated over a sacrificial layer on a glass substrate. (b) The circuitry is bonded to a temporary substrate. (c) The laser ablates the sacrificial layer. (d) The circuitry separates from the glass substrate. (e) The flexible plastic substrate is permanently bonded to the circuitry. (f) Water dissolves the adhesive holding the temporary substrate. (g) The display is now on a flexible substrate.

Information Display 4/09 23

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The following papers appear in the April 2009 (Vol. 17/4) issue of JSID. For a preview of the papers go to sid.org/jsid.html.

A study of roll-printing technology for TFT-LCD fabrication (pages 301–307) Youn-Gyoung Chang, et al., LG Display, Korea Color plastic bistable nematic display fabricated by imprint and ink-jet technology (pages 309–316) John Rudin, Stephen Kitson, and Adrian Geisow, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, USA Amorphous-silicon thin-film transistor on soda-lime glass (pages 317–321) Ya-Teng Yang, et al., AKT, an Applied Materials Company, USA Laser-induced full body cleavage of flat-panel-display glass (pages 323–329) Kojiro Karube and Norio Karube, LEMI Co., Ltd., Japan A new optical elasticity resin for mobile LCD modules (pages 331–336) Yoshihisa Shinya, et al., Sony Chemical & Information Device Corp., Japan; Nelly Soudakova, Sony Chemical Corp., USA Low-cost manufacturing of patterned films with nano-precision for display applications (pages 337–343) Zhilian Zhou, et al., Liquidia Technologies, USA Multi-viewer autostereoscopic display with dynamically addressable holographic backlight (pages 345–356) Edward Buckley and Alex Corbett, Light Blue Optics, USA; Phil Surman and Ian Sexton, De Montfort University, UK; Klaus Hopf and Frank Newmann, Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Germany Development of high-brightness flat field-emission lamp with a special electrode system for block dimming BLUs for LCDs (pages 357–360) Hong-Xing Wang, et al., Dilight-Japan Co., Ltd., Japan; Masayuki Nakamoto, Shizuoka University, Japan High-luminance 1.8-mm-pixel-pitch CNT-FED for ubiquitous color character displays (pages 361–367) Junko Yotani, et al., Noritake Co., Ltd., Japan; Kazuhiko Fukuda, Fuji Electric Systems Co., Ltd., Japan; Yahachi Saito, Nagoya University, Japan Bistable FLCOS devices for doubled-brightness micro-projectors (pages 369–375) Michael J. O’Callaghan, et al., Displaytech, USA Review of viewing-angle compensation of TN-mode LCDs using WV film (pages 377–381) Shoji Yasuda, et al., FUJIFILM Corp., Japan Novel concept for full-color electronic paper (pages 383–388) Kars-Michiel H. Lenssen, et al., Philips Research, The Netherlands; S. J. Roosendaal, Honeywell Aerospace, Czech Republic; Jack J. van Glabbeck, Johan T. M. Osenga, and Roland M. Schuurbiers, MiPlaza, Philips Research, The Netherlands Fabrication of anti-reflection coatings on plastics using the spraying layer-by-layer self-assembly technique (pages 389–395) Anindarupa Chunder, et al., University of Central Florida, USA SID SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY See yoyyouou in SaSann AnAntonio!toonio! editorial

continued from page 2 Don’t miss Microsemi’s and appreciate all the amazing work that is Latest Solutions in Display taking place in the display industry. While most of this issue is devoted to the Lighting Technology upcoming Display Week events, we also have a very interesting article on current and future applications for lasers in display manufactur- ing. Laser technology is an integral compo- nent of many product processes and continues to enable new ideas and innovations. We appreciate the efforts of author Rainer Paetzel from Coherent GmbH in bringing this enlight- ening contribution to us.

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He is survived by his wife, Judith; children In Memory of Joel E. Goldmacher Neil, Hope, Jonathan, and Tracy; and six grandchildren. by Joe Castellano

Joel E. Gold- 2008 SID Vehicles & Photons macher, 71, a Symposium pioneer in the development of by Robert Donofrio liquid-crystal materials and The Metropolitan Detroit Chapter of the displays, died on Society for Information Display hosted the January 22, 2009, 2008 SID Vehicles & Photons Symposium at in Lakeland, the University of Michigan at Dearborn on Florida. October 16 and 17, 2008. The event proved Ben DiCicco of Chrysler receives a service award from Detroit Chapter Chair Silviu Pala Joel E. Goldmacher Born in Brook- popular; even though the automotive industry lyn, New York, had already been hit with an increasing num- of Denso America. Goldmacher earned his B.S. degree in chem- ber of job layoffs and falling stock prices, istry in1959 from the City College of New 88 people attended. The majority of the atten- motive display in a BMW. Many of the atten- York. He then attended Purdue University in dees were from Michigan, but international dees were able to use this opportunity to see Lafayette, Indiana, where he received his participants from the United Kingdom, in person how the various new technology Ph.D. in organic chemistry in 1963. Germany, Switzerland, Canada, Taiwan, and improvements perform. Goldmacher started his career as a member Japan were on hand as well. Another feature of the conference was the of the technical staff at the David Sarnoff Twenty-four papers, including the keynote panel discussion on “Display Integration Research Laboratories of RCA Corp. in address, tutorials, and invited papers were and Future Display Opportunities” in which Princeton, New Jersey. He was the first presented in this two-day symposium, which participants from GM, Ford, and Chrysler organic chemist to be employed at this corpo- was sponsored by Denso, Yazaki, Continental Automotive, as well as from automotive rate research center. His early work involved Automotive, and Futaba. This year’s keynote supplier companies, discussed where the the synthesis of organic semiconductors and was given by Michael Heimrath of BMW. industry is heading. insulators. Later, he developed materials for He discussed automotive display integration Awards were presented to Ben DiCicco of electro-optical devices and optical recording and cost-reduction issues that addressed Chrysler and to Mark Larry of Ford for their media. Goldmacher was a member of the challenges faced by many in the audience. service as General Chair and Co-Chair of the team that developed the world’s first liquid- Twelve companies had booths at the meet- Symposium, respectively. The Scholarship crystal display (LCD). ing. Two automobile demos showed new Awards Committee was also re-invigorated, In 1966, he and his co-worker developed display implementations for automotive- with its new Chair Dr. Alan Sobel. These the first room-temperature nematic liquid- industry applications. One demo involved a awards will be presented during next year’s crystal material, opening the way for practical Ford Edge using a 3M screen-coating tech- symposium. LCD devices to be made. For this milestone nology and the other was a Continental Auto- Overall, the Symposium was both informa- achievement, he was a co-recipient of RCA’s tive and enjoyable. The spacious facilities highest award, the David Sarnoff Team of the University of Michigan at Dearborn Award in Science, in 1969. permitted many opportunities for attendees to In 1970, Goldmacher left RCA to become one discuss display issues with their peers. of the founding members of Optel Corp. in The strong attendance would seem to Princeton, New Jersey, one of the first compa- demonstrate that the Metropolitan Detroit nies to manufacture LCDs and digital watches. Chapter of the SID continues to serve As Vice President of Research, he led the devel- its members through holding this annual opment of advanced liquid-crystal materials and symposium. electronic devices. Later, he became Optel’s Vice President of Sales and Marketing. When Submit Your News Releases Optel was sold in 1978, Goldmacher formed Please send all press releases and new product Springwood Associates with two other Optel announcements to: executives to develop various electronic products. Jenny Donelan During his career, Goldmacher lectured Information Display Magazine Symposium Co-Chair Mark Larry of Ford 411 Lafayette Street, Suite 201 extensively around the world and was an Motor Corp. (at left) delivers the opening New York, NY 10003 author or co-author of numerous scientific remarks at the 2008 SID Vehicles & Photons Fax: 212.460.5460 publications; he also holds 17 patents. Symposium. e-mail: [email protected]

28 Information Display 4/09 industry news

continued from page 3 People have been saying that plasma is on particular, Epson Imaging’s amorphous-sili- has been developing OLED as the future TV the way out for years, according to Weber. con TFT technology and LCD product designs technology, wanted to expand its presence in But for now, he maintains, it not only still has and production capabilities. OLEDs into mobile devices, the new TFT its place but is continuing to evolve – much as According to analyst Paul Semenza, Senior capabilities from Epson might bolster Sony’s LCD technology is evolving as well. Vice President with DisplaySearch, there is no OLED as well as its LCD development. Or, —Jenny Donelan one obvious underlying motivation for the Sony may just be looking to add to its LCD projected alliance. A variety of factors may technology. Or, for both companies, he says, be at work. First, “Sony is looking for the “Part of it may just be ongoing consolidation.” Seiko Epson and Sony Discuss next Trinitron,” he says. And if Sony, which —Jenny Donelan LCD Businesses Alliance Seiko Epson Corp. and Sony Corp. have begun discussions about an alliance in the field of small- and medium-sized liquid- crystal displays (LCDs), including the transfer of a part of business assets of Epson to Sony. The companies plan to enter into a legally binding definitive agreement by the end of June 2009. To date, Epson Imaging, a subsidiary of Epson, has implemented a series of restructur- ing measures in its small- and medium-sized LCD business. At the same time, it has been working to shift its product portfolio toward developing original high-definition and ultra- wide-viewing-angle technologies based on its amorphous-silicon TFT and low-temperature- polysilicon (LTPS) TFT technologies. An alliance with Sony would enable Epson Imag- ing’s LCD technology and amorphous-silicon TFT production capability to be more fully utilized. According to an analysis piece on Trading- markets.com (http://www.tradingmarkets. com/.site/news/Stock%20News/2221235/), Seiko is pursuing the business in order to shore-up efforts to compete with its South Korean and Taiwanese LCD rivals. A major weakness of Seiko Epson’s LCD business, the article claims, is that Seiko Epson itself does not manufacture products that use LCD panels. In Sony, Seiko Epson would have a reliable customer for these panels because Sony makes a range of devices such as mobile phones that use them. On its part, Sony is focusing on LTPS- TFTs for its small- and medium-sized LCD business. In order to accelerate the develop- ment and commercialization process, it is also consolidating its resources within its sub- sidiary, Sony Mobile Display Corp., which will result in a unified operation containing development, design, and production. Through the contemplated alliance, Sony says it aims to increase the competitiveness of its small- and medium-sized LCD business by incorpo- rating Epson’s wide range of technologies; in

See Us at Display Week 2009 Booth 264 Official Housing Request Form: Society for Information Display (SID-2009) San Antonio, TX May 31 – June 5, 2009 The official housing closing date is May 1st, 2009. If you have not made reservations by this date, contact Globetrotter Travel, and every effort will be made to secure Hotel Single Double accommodations for you. 1) Marriott Rivercenter (Headquarter) $214 $214 Fill out this form completely and mail or fax to: 2) Grand Hyatt $214 $214 Globetrotter Travel 3) Marriott Riverwalk $214 $214 18121 Georgia Avenue Suite 104 Current Tax of 16.75% not included in room rates (tax rate subject to change without notice). Olney, Maryland USA 20832-1437 All hotel requests must be accompanied by a completed SID hotel Toll Free U.S. and Canada agreement. Agreement may be foundAll with hotel the hotel requests rules and must restriction be accompanied by a completed SID Press 1 for discounted air 888-296-2967 reservations. section of thehotel website. agreement. Agreement may be found with the hotel International Press 2 for Hotel rules and restriction section of the website. 301-570-0800 Reservations Fax  301-570-9514 All reservations require a first nights deposit when paying by credit card and full

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Applied Concepts Noritake Itron Corp. 3M...... C4 Lumetrix ...... 13 Applied Photonics Novaled AG 3M Touch Systems...... 5 Merck...... 7 Astra Products, Inc. Novatek Microelectronics Corp., Ltd. Abrisa Industrial Glass Co...... 25 Microsemi Corp...... 27 AU Optronics Corp. Oppenheimer Precision Products Axon’ Cable...... 5 Optronic Laboratories...... 27 autronic–Melchers GmbH Optical Filters, Ltd. Azores Corp...... 19 Radiant Imaging ...... C3 BigByte Corp. Corning Incorporated...... 5 SAES Getters...... 8 Panasonic Plasma Display Laboratory Dontech...... 29 TFD...... 6 California Micro Devices of America ELDIM ...... 8 Touch International ...... 9 CDT, Ltd. Parker Chomerics/Silver Cloud EuroDisplay 2009...... 24 Tyco Electronics...... C2 Chi Mei Optoelectronics Corp. Philips FIMI Laserod ...... 5 Chunghua Picture Tubes, Ltd. Photo Research Corning Japan K.K. Planar Systems Cytec Industries Plaskolite, Inc. Polytronix, Inc. Dontech, Inc. Prime View International DTC/ITRI Business and Editorial Offices Sales Office – U.S.A. DuPont Display Enhancements QualComm Palisades Convention Management Palisades Convention Management Dynic USA Corp. Quantum Data, Inc. 411 Lafayette Street, 2nd Floor 411 Lafayette Street, 2nd Floor Endicott Research Group, Inc. Radiant Imaging New York, NY 10003 New York, NY 10003 Jay Morreale, Managing Editor Michele Klein, Director of Sales ENEA Reflexite Display Optics 212/460-8090 x212 212/460-8090 x216 e-Ray Optoelectronics Technology Samsung SDI fax: 212/460-5460 fax: 212/460-5460 Co. Ltd. Sartomer Company, Inc. [email protected] [email protected] Global Display Solutions Schott North America, Inc. Sales Office – Europe Sales Office – Korea Shanghai SVA-NEC Liquid Crystal HannStar George Isaacs Jung-Won Suh Display Co., Ltd. Himax Technologies, Inc. 12 Park View Court Sinsegi Media, Inc. Sharp Corp. The Paddock, Eaton Ford Choongmoo Bldg., Rm. 1102 Hitachi, Ltd. Sharp Microelectronics of the St. Neots, Cambridgeshire 44-13, Yoido-dong IDT Americas PE19 7SD U.K. Youngdung-gu, Seoul, Korea IGNIS Innovation, Inc. Silver Cloud Manufacturing Co. +44-(0)-1480-218400 +82-2-785-8222 Industrial Electronic Engineers, Inc. SiPix Imaging [email protected] fax: +82-2-785-8225 [email protected] (IEE) Slencil Co. Sales Office – China & Taiwan Industrial Technology Research Sonoco Products Co. Joy Wang Institute Sony Chemicals Corp. ACE Forum, Inc. Instrument Systems GmbH Sony Chemicals Corp. of America 3F-2, No. 5, Sec. 1, Pa-Te Rd. IST (Imaging Systems Technology) Supertex, Inc. Taipei 100, Taiwan iSuppli Corp. +886-2-2392-6960 x204 Tannas Electronics iTi Corp. fax: +886-2-2393-0667 Technology Research Association for [email protected] Japan Patent Office Advanced Display Materials Kent Displays, Inc. (TRADIM) Kuraray Co., Ltd. Teijin DuPont Films Japan, Ltd. TFD, Inc. LG Display Co., Ltd. TLC International Luminit LLC Toshiba America Electronic LXD, Inc. Components, Inc. Micronas GmbH TPO Displays Corp. Micronic Laser Systems AB UNIGRAF Microsemi Corp. Universal Display Corp. Microvision Microvision, Inc. Vero Veria Corp. Mitsubishi Chemical Corp. Wavefront Technology, Inc. Mitsubishi Electric Corp. Westar Display Technologies Nano-Proprietary, Inc. White Electronic Designs, Inc. NEC Corp. WINTEK Corp. NextWindow ZBD Displays, Ltd. Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd. Zygo Corp. Nitto Denko America, Inc.

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