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Thistles of Colorado
Thistles of Colorado About This Guide Identification and Management Guide Many individuals, organizations and agencies from throughout the state (acknowledgements on inside back cover) contributed ideas, content, photos, plant descriptions, management information and printing support toward the completion of this guide. Mountain thistle (Cirsium scopulorum) growing above timberline Casey Cisneros, Tim D’Amato and the Larimer County Department of Natural Resources Weed District collected, compiled and edited information, content and photos for this guide. Produced by the We welcome your comments, corrections, suggestions, and high Larimer County quality photos. If you would like to contribute to future editions, please contact the Larimer County Weed District at 970-498- Weed District 5769 or email [email protected] or [email protected]. Front cover photo of Cirsium eatonii var. hesperium by Janis Huggins Partners in Land Stewardship 2nd Edition 1 2 Table of Contents Introduction 4 Introduction Native Thistles (Pages 6-20) Barneyby’s Thistle (Cirsium barnebyi) 6 Cainville Thistle (Cirsium clacareum) 6 Native thistles are dispersed broadly Eaton’s Thistle (Cirsium eatonii) 8 across many Colorado ecosystems. Individual species occupy niches from Elk or Meadow Thistle (Cirsium scariosum) 8 3,500 feet to above timberline. These Flodman’s Thistle (Cirsium flodmanii) 10 plants are valuable to pollinators, seed Fringed or Fish Lake Thistle (Cirsium 10 feeders, browsing wildlife and to the centaureae or C. clavatum var. beauty and diversity of our native plant americanum) communities. Some non-native species Mountain Thistle (Cirsium scopulorum) 12 have become an invasive threat to New Mexico Thistle (Cirsium 12 agriculture and natural areas. For this reason, native and non-native thistles neomexicanum) alike are often pulled, mowed, clipped or Ousterhout’s or Aspen Thistle (Cirsium 14 sprayed indiscriminately. -
PRIORITY GRASSLANDS INITIATIVE Methodology for Identifying Priority Grasslands
PRIORITY GRASSLANDS INITIATIVE Methodology for Identifying Priority Grasslands September 2007 Building a Scientific Framework and Rationale for Sustainable Conservation and Stewardship Grasslands Conservation Council of British Columbia 954A Laval Crescent Kamloops, BC V2C 5P5 Phone: (250) 374-5787 Email: [email protected] Website: www.bcgrasslands.org Cover photo: Prickly-pear cactus by Richard Doucette Grasslands Conservation Council of British Columbia i Table of Contents Executive Summary .....................................................................................................................................i Acknowledgements .....................................................................................................................................ii Introduction.................................................................................................................................................1 Methodology Overview...............................................................................................................................2 Methodology Stages ....................................................................................................................................5 Stage 1: Initial GIS Data Gathering, Preparation and Analysis................................................................ 5 Stage 2: Expert Input .............................................................................................................................. 10 Stage 3: Assessment of Recreational -
Alplains 2013 Seed Catalog P.O
ALPLAINS 2013 SEED CATALOG P.O. BOX 489, KIOWA, CO 80117-0489, U.S.A. Three ways to contact us: FAX: (303) 621-2864 (24 HRS.) email: [email protected] website: www.alplains.com Dear Growing Friends: Welcome to our 23rd annual seed catalog! The summer of 2012 was long, hot and brutal, with drought afflicting most of the U.S. Most of my botanical explorations were restricted to Idaho, Wash- ington, Oregon and northern California but even there moisture was below average. In a year like this, seeps, swales, springs, vestigial snowbanks and localized rainstorms became much more important in my search for seeding plants. On the Snake River Plains of southern Idaho and the scab- lands of eastern Washington, early bloomers such as Viola beckwithii, V. trinervata, Ranunculus glaberrimus, Ranunculus andersonii, Fritillaria pudica and Primula cusickiana put on quite a show in mid-April but many populations could not set seed. In northern Idaho, Erythronium idahoense flowered extensively, whole meadows were covered with thousands of the creamy, pendant blossoms. One of my most satisfying finds in the Hells Canyon area had to be Sedum valens. The tiny glaucous rosettes, surround- ed by a ring of red leaves, are a succulent connoisseur’s dream. Higher up, the brilliant blue spikes of Synthyris missurica punctuated the canyon walls. In southern Oregon, the brilliant red spikes of Pedicularis densiflora lit up the Siskiyou forest floor. Further north in Oregon, large populations of Erythronium elegans, Erythronium oregonum ssp. leucandrum, Erythro- nium revolutum, trilliums and sedums provided wonderful picture-taking opportunities. Eriogonum species did well despite the drought, many of them true xerics. -
Species Relationships and Farina Evolution in the Cheilanthoid Fern
Systematic Botany (2011), 36(3): pp. 554–564 © Copyright 2011 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists DOI 10.1600/036364411X583547 Species Relationships and Farina Evolution in the Cheilanthoid Fern Genus Argyrochosma (Pteridaceae) Erin M. Sigel , 1 , 3 Michael D. Windham , 1 Layne Huiet , 1 George Yatskievych , 2 and Kathleen M. Pryer 1 1 Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 U. S. A. 2 Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166 U. S. A. 3 Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Communicating Editor: Lynn Bohs Abstract— Convergent evolution driven by adaptation to arid habitats has made it difficult to identify monophyletic taxa in the cheilanthoid ferns. Dependence on distinctive, but potentially homoplastic characters, to define major clades has resulted in a taxonomic conundrum: all of the largest cheilanthoid genera have been shown to be polyphyletic. Here we reconstruct the first comprehensive phylogeny of the strictly New World cheilanthoid genus Argyrochosma . We use our reconstruction to examine the evolution of farina (powdery leaf deposits), which has played a prominent role in the circumscription of cheilanthoid genera. Our data indicate that Argyrochosma comprises two major monophyletic groups: one exclusively non-farinose and the other primarily farinose. Within the latter group, there has been at least one evolutionary reversal (loss) of farina and the development of major chemical variants that characterize specific clades. Our phylogenetic hypothesis, in combination with spore data and chromosome counts, also provides a critical context for addressing the prevalence of polyploidy and apomixis within the genus. Evidence from these datasets provides testable hypotheses regarding reticulate evolution and suggests the presence of several previ- ously undetected taxa of Argyrochosma. -
Fall 2001 HARDY FERN FOUNDATION QUARTERLY Marlin Rickard to Lecture
THE HARDY FERN FOUNDATION P.O. Box 166 Medina, WA 98039-0166 (206) 870-5363 Web site: www.hardvfems.org The Hardy Fern Foundation was founded in 1989 to establish a comprehen¬ sive collection of the world’s hardy ferns for display, testing, evaluation, public education and introduction to the gardening and horticultural community. Many rare and unusual species, hybrids and varieties are being propagated from spores and tested in selected environments for their different degrees of hardiness and ornamental garden value. The primary fern display and test garden is located at, and in conjunction with, The Rhododendron Species Botanical Garden at the Weyerhaeuser Corpo¬ rate Headquarters, in Federal Way, Washington. Satellite fem gardens are at the Stephen Austin Arboretum, Nacogdoches, Texas, Birmingham Botanical Gardens, Birmingham, Alabama, California State University at Sacramento, Sacramento, California, Coastal Maine Botanical Garden, Boothbay, Maine, Dallas Arboretum, Dallas, Texas, Denver Botanic Gardens. Denver, Colorado, Georgeson Botanical Garden, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, Harry P. Leu Garden, Orlando, Florida, Inniswood Metro Gardens, Columbus, Ohio, Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden, Richmond, Virginia, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, and Strybing Arboretum, San Francisco, California. The fem display gardens are at Bainbridge Island Library, Bainbridge Island, WA, Lakewold, Tacoma, Washington, Les Jardins de Metis, Quebec, Canada, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, and Whitehall Historic Home and Garden, Louisville, KY. Hardy Fem Foundation members participate in a spore exchange, receive a quarterly newsletter and have first access to ferns as they are ready for distribution. Cover Design by Willanna Bradner HARDY FERN FOUNDATION QUARTERLY THE HARDY FERN FOUNDATION Quarterly Volume 11 • No. -
Molecular Evolutionary Analysis of Plastid Genomes in Nonphotosynthetic Angiosperms and Cancer Cell Lines
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department or Biology MOLECULAR EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSIS OF PLASTID GENOMES IN NONPHOTOSYNTHETIC ANGIOSPERMS AND CANCER CELL LINES A Dissertation in Biology by Yan Zhang 2012 Yan Zhang Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Dec 2012 The Dissertation of Yan Zhang was reviewed and approved* by the following: Schaeffer, Stephen W. Professor of Biology Chair of Committee Ma, Hong Professor of Biology Altman, Naomi Professor of Statistics dePamphilis, Claude W Professor of Biology Dissertation Adviser Douglas Cavener Professor of Biology Head of Department of Biology *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT This thesis explores the application of evolutionary theory and methods in understanding the plastid genome of nonphotosynthetic parasitic plants and role of mutations in tumor proliferations. We explore plastid genome evolution in parasitic angiosperms lineages that have given up the primary function of plastid genome – photosynthesis. Genome structure, gene contents, and evolutionary dynamics were analyzed and compared in both independent and related parasitic plant lineages. Our studies revealed striking similarities in changes of gene content and evolutionary dynamics with the loss of photosynthetic ability in independent nonphotosynthetic plant lineages. Evolutionary analysis suggests accelerated evolution in the plastid genome of the nonphotosynthetic plants. This thesis also explores the application of phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis in cancer biology. Although cancer has often been likened to Darwinian process, very little application of molecular evolutionary analysis has been seen in cancer biology research. In our study, phylogenetic approaches were used to explore the relationship of several hundred established cancer cell lines based on multiple sequence alignments constructed with variant codons and residues across 494 and 523 genes. -
Vascular Plants and a Brief History of the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands
United States Department of Agriculture Vascular Plants and a Brief Forest Service Rocky Mountain History of the Kiowa and Rita Research Station General Technical Report Blanca National Grasslands RMRS-GTR-233 December 2009 Donald L. Hazlett, Michael H. Schiebout, and Paulette L. Ford Hazlett, Donald L.; Schiebout, Michael H.; and Ford, Paulette L. 2009. Vascular plants and a brief history of the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS- GTR-233. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 44 p. Abstract Administered by the USDA Forest Service, the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands occupy 230,000 acres of public land extending from northeastern New Mexico into the panhandles of Oklahoma and Texas. A mosaic of topographic features including canyons, plateaus, rolling grasslands and outcrops supports a diverse flora. Eight hundred twenty six (826) species of vascular plant species representing 81 plant families are known to occur on or near these public lands. This report includes a history of the area; ethnobotanical information; an introductory overview of the area including its climate, geology, vegetation, habitats, fauna, and ecological history; and a plant survey and information about the rare, poisonous, and exotic species from the area. A vascular plant checklist of 816 vascular plant taxa in the appendix includes scientific and common names, habitat types, and general distribution data for each species. This list is based on extensive plant collections and available herbarium collections. Authors Donald L. Hazlett is an ethnobotanist, Director of New World Plants and People consulting, and a research associate at the Denver Botanic Gardens, Denver, CO. -
Pollen and Stamen Mimicry: the Alpine Flora As a Case Study
Arthropod-Plant Interactions DOI 10.1007/s11829-017-9525-5 ORIGINAL PAPER Pollen and stamen mimicry: the alpine flora as a case study 1 1 1 1 Klaus Lunau • Sabine Konzmann • Lena Winter • Vanessa Kamphausen • Zong-Xin Ren2 Received: 1 June 2016 / Accepted: 6 April 2017 Ó The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract Many melittophilous flowers display yellow and Dichogamous and diclinous species display pollen- and UV-absorbing floral guides that resemble the most com- stamen-imitating structures more often than non-dichoga- mon colour of pollen and anthers. The yellow coloured mous and non-diclinous species, respectively. The visual anthers and pollen and the similarly coloured flower guides similarity between the androecium and other floral organs are described as key features of a pollen and stamen is attributed to mimicry, i.e. deception caused by the flower mimicry system. In this study, we investigated the entire visitor’s inability to discriminate between model and angiosperm flora of the Alps with regard to visually dis- mimic, sensory exploitation, and signal standardisation played pollen and floral guides. All species were checked among floral morphs, flowering phases, and co-flowering for the presence of pollen- and stamen-imitating structures species. We critically discuss deviant pollen and stamen using colour photographs. Most flowering plants of the mimicry concepts and evaluate the frequent evolution of Alps display yellow pollen and at least 28% of the species pollen-imitating structures in view of the conflicting use of display pollen- or stamen-imitating structures. The most pollen for pollination in flowering plants and provision of frequent types of pollen and stamen imitations were pollen for offspring in bees. -
Presence of Eriophorum Scheuchzeri Enhances Substrate Availability and Methane Emission in an Arctic Wetland
Presence of Eriophorum scheuchzeri enhances substrate availability and methane emission in an Arctic wetland Ström, Lena; Tagesson, Torbern; Mastepanov, Mikhail; Christensen, Torben Published in: Soil Biology & Biochemistry DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.09.005 2012 Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Ström, L., Tagesson, T., Mastepanov, M., & Christensen, T. (2012). Presence of Eriophorum scheuchzeri enhances substrate availability and methane emission in an Arctic wetland. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 45, 61- 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.09.005 Total number of authors: 4 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Soil Biology & Biochemistry 45 (2012) 61e70 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Soil Biology & Biochemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/soilbio Presence of Eriophorum scheuchzeri enhances substrate availability and methane emission in an Arctic wetland Lena Ström*, Torbern Tagesson, Mikhail Mastepanov, Torben R. -
NWI Notes to the User for North Slope 1:63,360 Scale Maps
NATIONAL WETLANDS INVENTORY NOTES TO THE USER FOR NORTH SLOPE 1:63,360 SCALE MAPS INTRODUCTION The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has major responsibility for the protection and proper management of fish, wildlife and their habitats. The Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act authorizes the Secretary of the Interior "to make surveys and investigations of the wildlife of the public domain including lands and waters or interests therein acquired or controlled by an agency of the United States" (16 U.S.C. 669). This Act expands the concept of wildlife and wildlife resources to include not only animal life but also all types of "aquatic and land vegetation upon which wildlife is dependent." Within the last thirty years, a large amount of wetland modification has occurred. Increased emphasis on wetland preservation and management has been expressed through presidential executive orders and recent legislation. Amendments to the Clean Water Act of 1977 (33 U.S.C. 466) specify a major role for the National Wetlands Inventory (Inventory) in the administration of that Act. The Emergency Wetlands Act of 1986 (16 U.S.C. 3901) directs the Service to continue the inventory of wetlands through 1998. The Service has always recognized the importance of wetlands to waterfowl and other migratory birds. Consequently, the Service has a direct interest in protecting wetlands, especially the waterfowl breeding and overwintering wetlands. Wetlands, however, also provide a wealth of other values for the public including: (1) Fish and shellfish protection. (2) Furbearer and other wildlife production. (3) Habitats for threatened or endangered plants and animals. -
EDELWEISS and ASTER the Edelweiss and Aster Both Come from the Family of the Sunflower Asteraceae
DN FLOWERS AND PETS Compiled by Damayanthi Hewamanna EDELWEISS and ASTER The Edelweiss and Aster both come from the family of the Sunflower asteraceae delweiss is one of species are used as food Leontopodium-alpinum the well known plants by the young insect of E European mountain a number of Lepidoptera flowers, belonging to the species. Asters can grow in sunflower family. The name all hardiness zones. comes from German edel The genus Aster is now which means noble and generally restricted to the weiss meaning white. Old World species, with Aster in bloom The scientific name, Aster amellus as well as of Leontopodium means the family Asteraceae. The “lion’s paw”, being derived New World species have from the Greek words leon now been reclassified in the meaning lion and podion a genera Almutaster, miniature of pous, meaning Canadanthus, Doellingeria, the foot. plant in many countries, Kingdom : Plantae Eucephalus, Eurybia, Ion- Flowering stalks of Edel- including Mongolia, Bul- actis, Oligoneuron, Ore- weiss can grow to a size of garia, Croatia, Switzerland, (unranked): Angiosperms ostemma, Sericocarpus and 3–20 cm and in cultivation, France, Italy, Germany, (unranked): Eudicots Symphyotrichum, though up to 40 cm). The leaves Spain (Ordesa National (unranked): Asterids all are treated within the appear woolly because of Park), Slovakia (Tatra Order: Asterales tribe Astereae. Regardless the covering of white hairs. National Park), Slovenia (in Family: Asteraceae of the taxonomic change, The flowers are felted and Gorizia and Gradisca since all are still widely referred also woolly with white 1896, in Carniola since Tribe: Gnaphalieae[1] to as Asters in the horticul- hairs, with characteristic 1898), Austria (since 1886) Genus: Leontopodium tural trades. -
Astereae, Asteraceae) Using Molecular Phylogeny of ITS
Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2015) 39: 808-824 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/bot-1410-12 Relationships and generic delimitation of Eurasian genera of the subtribe Asterinae (Astereae, Asteraceae) using molecular phylogeny of ITS 1, 2,3 4 Elena KOROLYUK *, Alexey MAKUNIN , Tatiana MATVEEVA 1 Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2 Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 3 Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia 4 Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia Received: 12.10.2014 Accepted/Published Online: 02.04.2015 Printed: 30.09.2015 Abstract: The subtribe Asterinae (Astereae, Asteraceae) includes highly variable, often polyploid species. Recent findings based on molecular methods led to revision of its volume. However, most of these studies lacked species from Eurasia, where a lot of previous taxonomic treatments of the subtribe exist. In this study we used molecular phylogenetics methods with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) as a marker to resolve evolutionary relations between representatives of the subtribe Asterinae from Siberia, Kazakhstan, and the European part of Russia. Our reconstruction revealed that a clade including all Asterinae species is paraphyletic. Inside this clade, there are species with unresolved basal positions, for example Erigeron flaccidus and its relatives. Moreover, several well-supported groups exist: group of the genera Galatella, Crinitaria, Linosyris, and Tripolium; group of species of North American origin; and three related groups of Eurasian species: typical Eurasian asters, Heteropappus group (genera Heteropappus, Kalimeris), and Asterothamnus group (genera Asterothamnus, Rhinactinidia).