Progress in Artificial Intelligence
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Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 12981 Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science Series Editors Randy Goebel University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Yuzuru Tanaka Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Wolfgang Wahlster DFKI and Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany Founding Editor Jörg Siekmann DFKI and Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany More information about this subseries at http://www.springer.com/series/1244 Goreti Marreiros • Francisco S. Melo • Nuno Lau • Henrique Lopes Cardoso • Luís Paulo Reis (Eds.) Progress in Artificial Intelligence 20th EPIA Conference on Artificial Intelligence, EPIA 2021 Virtual Event, September 7–9, 2021 Proceedings 123 Editors Goreti Marreiros Francisco S. Melo ISEP/GECAD IST/INESC-ID Polytechnic Institute of Porto University of Lisbon Porto, Portugal Porto Salvo, Portugal Nuno Lau Henrique Lopes Cardoso DETI/IEETA FEUP/LIACC University of Aveiro University of Porto Aveiro, Portugal Porto, Portugal Luís Paulo Reis FEUP/LIACC University of Porto Porto, Portugal ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence ISBN 978-3-030-86229-9 ISBN 978-3-030-86230-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86230-5 LNCS Sublibrary: SL7 – Artificial Intelligence © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface This volume contains the papers presented at the 20th EPIA Conference on Artificial Intelligence (EPIA 2021), held during September 7–9, 2021, in Portugal. The EPIA Conference on Artificial Intelligence is a well-established European conference in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 20th edition of the conference took place online.1 As in previous editions, this international con- ference was hosted with the patronage of the Portuguese Association for Artificial Intelligence (APPIA).2 The purpose of this conference is to promote research in all areas of AI, covering both theoretical/foundational issues and applications, and the scientific exchange among researchers, engineers, and practitioners in related disciplines. As in previous editions, the program was based on a set of thematic tracks proposed by the AI community, dedicated to specific themes of AI. EPIA 2021 encompassed 12 tracks: AIoTA Artificial Intelligence and IoT in Agriculture AIL Artificial Intelligence and Law AIM Artificial Intelligence in Medicine AIPES Artificial Intelligence in Power and Energy Systems AITS Artificial Intelligence in Transportation Systems ALEA Artificial Life and Evolutionary Algorithms AmIA Ambient Intelligence and Affective Environments GAI General Artificial Intelligence IROBOT Intelligent Robotics KDBI Knowledge Discovery and Business Intelligence MASTA Multi-agent Systems: Theory and Applications TeMA Text Mining and Applications The conference program included four invited talks: Virginia Dignum (Umeå University, Sweden), with a talk on “Responsible AI: From principles to action”; Shimon Whiteson (University of Oxford, UK), with a talk on “Factored value functions for cooperative multi-agent rein- forcement learning”; Lucia Specia (Imperial College London, UK), with a talk on “Multimodal simultaneous machine translation”; 1 The conference website can be found at http://www.appia.pt/epia2021/. 2 http://www.appia.pt. vi Preface Fredrik Heintz (Linköping University, Sweden), with a talk on “Trustworthy human-centric AI: The European approach”. For this edition, 108 paper submissions were received from authors in 21 different countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Brazil, Czech Republic, France, Germany, India, Iraq, Italy, Mexico, Morocco, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, Turkey, the UK, and the USA). After a careful review process, 62 papers were selected to be presented at EPIA 2021. The acceptance rate was thus circa 57%. All accepted papers were carefully revised by at least three reviewers from the Program Committee of the corresponding track. We thank the thematic track organizing chairs, together with their respective Pro- gram Committee members, for their hard work. We would also like to express our gratitude to all the members of the EPIA International Steering Committee for their guidance regarding the scientific organization of EPIA 2021. Thank you all. September 2021 Goreti Marreiros Francisco S. Melo Nuno Lau Henrique Lopes Cardoso Luís Paulo Reis Organization Event and Program Chairs Goreti Marreiros GECAD, Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal Francisco S. Melo INESC-ID, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Portugal Nuno Lau IEETA, University of Aveiro, Portugal Henrique Lopes Cardoso LIACC, University of Porto, Portugal Luís Paulo Reis LIACC, University of Porto, Portugal Steering Committee Ana Bazzan Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Ann Nowe Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium Catholijn Jonker Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Ernesto Costa University of Coimbra, Portugal Eugénio Oliveira University of Porto, Portugal Helder Coelho University of Lisbon, Portugal João Pavão Martins University of Lisbon, Portugal José Júlio Alferes NOVA University Lisbon, Portugal Juan Pavón Universidad Complutense Madrid, Spain Luís Paulo Reis University of Porto, Portugal Paulo Novais University of Minho, Portugal Pavel Brazdil University of Porto, Portugal Virginia Dignum Umeå University, Sweden Track Chairs Artificial Intelligence and IoT in Agriculture José Boaventura Cunha University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal Josenalde Barbosa Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Paulo Moura Oliveira University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal Raul Morais University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal Artificial Intelligence and Law Pedro Freitas Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Portugal Paulo Novais University of Minho, Portugal Massimo Durante University of Torino, Italy Ugo Pagallo University of Torino, Italy viii Organization Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Manuel Filipe Santos University of Minho, Portugal Carlos Filipe Portela University of Minho, Portugal Allan Tucker Brunel University London, UK Manuel Fernandez Delgado University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain Artificial Intelligence in Power and Energy Systems Zita Vale Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal Tiago Pinto Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal Pedro Faria Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal Elena Mocanu University of Twente, The Netherlands Decebal Constantin Mocanu University of Twente, The Netherlands Artificial Intelligence in Transportation Systems Rosaldo Rossetti University of Porto, Portugal Alberto Fernandez Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain Artificial Life and Evolutionary Algorithms Ivo Gonçalves University of Coimbra, Portugal Mauro Castelli NOVA IMS, Portugal Luca Manzoni University of Trieste, Italy Leonardo Trujillo Technical Institute of Tijuana, Mexico Carlos Henggeler Antunes University of Coimbra, Portugal Ambient Intelligence and Affective Environments Ana Almeida Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal Sara Rodriguez University of Salamanca, Spain Goreti Marreiros Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal Paulo Novais University of Minho, Portugal Peter Mikulecky University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic General Artificial Intelligence Goreti Marreiros Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal Francisco S. Melo University of Lisbon, Portugal Nuno Lau University of Aveiro, Portugal Henrique Lopes Cardoso University of Porto, Portugal Luís Paulo Reis University of Porto, Portugal Organization ix Intelligent Robotics João Fabro Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Brazil Reinaldo Bianchi Centro Universitário da FEI, Brazil Nuno Lau University of Aveiro, Portugal Luís Paulo Reis University of Porto, Portugal Knowledge Discovery and Business Intelligence Paulo Cortez University of Minho, Portugal Albert Bifet Université Paris-Saclay, France Luís Cavique Universidade Aberta, Portugal João Gama University of Porto, Portugal Nuno Marques NOVA University Lisbon, Portugal Manuel Filipe Santos University of Minho, Portugal Multi-agent Systems: Theory and Applications Ana Paula Rocha University of Porto, Portugal João Balsa University of Lisbon, Portugal Graçaliz Pereira Dimuro Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil