Senses &Society languages, inparticular in AustralianAboriginal those oftheCapeYork group forherdoctoral Ya’u-Kaanju language with aspecialinterest Psycholinguistics and Peninsula region. She on theUmpila-Kuuku University ofLeuven. Clair Hillisalinguist research attheMax is currently working Planck Institutefor [email protected] PP 57–67 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 1 the Pamanfamily. Theinvestigationof an AboriginalAustralianlanguage of this issuewithregard to colorinUmpila, in theirlanguage?Thisarticleconsiders are inexpressible ordifficult toexpress phenomena ordomainsof experiencethat do speakershaveavailabletomanage and “ineffability.” Thatis,whatstrategies how languagesmanagesemanticgaps experiences posequestionsregarding the linguisticencodingofsensorial artifacts. Theparticularchallengesin quite different thanthetaskofnaming experiences inwords issomething suggests theexpression ofsuchsensory the texture ofitspetal.Introspection a flower, orthequalityofitsscent, particular characteristicsofthehue Abstract Clair Hill in Umpila and theEnvironment Spaces: Color, Kin, Named andUnnamed PUBLISHERS DIRECTLY FROMTHE REPRINTS AVAILABLE Imagine describingthe LICENSE ONLY PERMITTED BY PHOTOCOPYING PRINTED INTHEUK © BERG2011
57 Senses & Society DOI: 10.2752/174589311X12893982233759 58 Senses & Society Clair Hill varieties. Much of the following discussion focuses on results from results on focuses discussion following the of Much varieties. daily life. of part a remain practices hunter-forager coastal some and lands traditional their to connections maintain however,they Community; Aboriginal River Lockhart hunter-gatherers. in reside people Umpila most Nowadays semi-nomadic were complex linguistic-social a by this formed spoken that groups Traditionally,still the people. elderly are of handful Kaanju, and Ya’u, Kuuku the of Umpila, three Only dialects, vernacular. the is creole English-lexifier an and moribund is Today,language Umpila. the as to referred collectively varieties more be or will group dialect six the article this Throughout included 1988). (Thompson complex dialect this non-indigenous settlement, to Prior Australia. Peninsula, York Cape of coast Umpila is a Paman language (Hale 1964) spoken on the northeastern The LanguageandPeople Introduction kinship, semanticcategories KEYWORDS: color, visualperception, semanticgaps,analogy, Umpila –kinshipandtheenvironment. linguistically andculturallysalientdomainsfor or supportedbyassociationswithtwoofthemost environment. “Gaps”inthe colorsystemare filled categorization ofthehumansocialworld,and and visualperceptual qualities more generally, rich associationsandmappingsbetweencolor color namingandineffability inUmpilareveals two kinshipgroups. speaker’s beliefs about various visual perceptual qualities organizing linguistic strategies in color and plant reference. This in turn highlights shared of use the as such associations cross-domain demonstrate Umpila the hereexploredineffability in of types Some article. this in reported data interrelated are considerations underexplored two These domain. unitary and named exhaustively an as color of views and naming color on constraints universal of claims core with well much area sit not does exploration such an that given unsurprisingly – considered been not has naming color in “ineffability” or semantic gaps of study the not Likewise, has date. to qualities attention much visual received non-chromatic of encoding relevance linguistic cultural the and of consideration contrast, In 1997). Maffi + The data presented in this article are from all three still-spoken still-spoken three all from are article this in presented data The relativism/universalism (Berlin and Kay 1969; Hardin and Hardin 1969; Kay and (Berlin relativism/universalism linguistic on debate the to central is and work extensive of focus the been has color of structure and nature The expressing intensification and for deriving adjectives from other other from adjectives nominal stock. deriving for and intensification expressing full or in (partial as repetition), Reduplication subclasses. noun other from derive to nouns employed often is and accompaniment’ ‘having, marks pulpichi The protrusions. and swelling, redness, between swell up,’ swell forms the to related be can it speculatively, analyzable: pulpan(a) ‘red.’ are They as forms. produced these alternatively also of realizations employed frequently most Thungkuthungku adjectives. attributive as function typically of and subclass nominal the part are words color Umpila In sequence. evolutionary their posited in earlier occurring systems two-term only with language), 2 (stage scale implicational (1969) Kay and Berlin the of end minimal more the towardsare systems Three-term system. color pulpanchi) Umpila has a three-term black-white-red (thungku(thungku)-pulpichi The ColorSystem the ensuingdiscussion. of focus the be will and domain, of type this of example an is Color uncommon). not was elicitation stimuli-based in (non-responses at all item vocabulary any with spaces these fill to struggle or terms, generic strategies, ad-hoc using on back fall speakers cases such that is here domain’sentire In an space. cover perceptual not ineffability do systems such the – lexicon specialized domain-specific of systems established have which domains perceptual are there contrast, In small). or big is sound or shape the (e.g. big-small and taste) or smell like touch, to bad pairs or good is antonym something (e.g. are good-bad lexicon all-purpose employed commonly but domain, perceptual entire most The lexicon. domain-specific precisiona semantic of the lacks an across applied readily be can taste, vocabulary.This all-purpose employ typically domains olfaction, Most touch). audition, (vision, domains perceptual whole with simple perceptual experiences, each of which is typically associated of encoding semantic lexical of types broad two arethere Umpila In Domains Two Types ofGapsorLowSpecificityinPerceptual and discoursematerial,eliciteddata. – data of types ethnographic based observation other of task by linguistic and This cultural informed practices, narrative heavily 2008. been and has 2007 in investigation author the by trips field on undertaken categorization, color exploring tasks formal of series a is the only one of the three that is potentially is that three the of one only the is Pulpanchi-pulpana ‘white’ and and ‘white’ ‘tail,’ and ‘tail,’ pulpan thungkuthungku ‘black,’ pulpanchi pulpichi pulpichi ‘sore, lump’ ‘sore, pulpan(a) ‘red’ is the comitative suffix, which which suffix, comitative the is ‘red’ thungku ‘black,’ is a common means of of means common a is ‘black,’ ‘white,’ ‘white,’ ‘black,’ ‘black,’ pulpanchi pulpanchi pulpul 1 via associations via -chi ‘red’ are the the are ‘red’ ‘white,’ and and ‘white,’ ending on on ending pulpa- ‘to ‘to Named andUnnamedSpaces
59 Senses & Society 60 Senses & Society Clair Hill R5 incolumn1to RP10incolumn20.Thefigures are incolorthe online versionofthearticle. The rows correspond tofourlevelsofbrightnessandthecolumnstwentyequallyspaced Munsellhues,from Umpila namingtaskmodemap.The figure showsUmpilanaming taskdatamappedontoaMunsellcolorgrid. Figure 1 Maffi 1999;Levinson2000). entire color spectrum are rare and poorly accounted for (see Kay and the partitioning terms have not do that languages systems color of know.” you it, do couldn’t I but show, you [words] and that’s alright, and you know I take a fancy for everything color the of naming the in spectrum. One Kaanju speaker commented: “well we only got three gaps the on reflected even speakers some task the During 1. Figure in area shaded the by represented ‘don’tpithanchi ngampa ‘nothing,’ know.’ “non-responses,” producing time the of much unnamed, space color the of majority to a lesser degree in the the free-sort task – on see below), speakers left the based space color (and naming color In chip. each responseto the cross-speakermajority of mapping the shows 1) (Figure image map mode The spectrum. color the name exhaustively not did adopted, speakers resources ad-hoc other with along system, Umpila, three KuukuYa’u, andthree Kaanju. five – speakers eleven with undertaken was This one-by-one. chips the for vocabulary elicited that 2007) Majid in tasks of suite the of part 2007; Levinson and (Majid task naming simple a was coretask The brightness. of degrees four at hues spaced equally twenty of Munsell color chips in a number of tasks. This set of chips consisted and color naming practices more generally, was explored spectrum, using color eighty the across forms black-white-red the of range The Variation Color NamingTask: UnnamedSpacesandIndividual animals, plants, and places, e.g. e.g. places, and plants, animals, underived phenomena, direct meteorological day, of time included parts, body to responses reference Such results). overall the depicts which 1, Figure in represented (not speakers individual by listed above. There was also “non-responses”a of smattering types of the mostly by one-off filled responses entirely not were vocabulary time,’ The most striking aspect of the results was that the three-term the that was results the of aspect striking most The Spaces in the color spectrum unnamed by conventionalized color mil’achi 4
‘shooting star,’‘shooting such as manthala-kanyu ‘name-without,’ 3 miil’a thalmpuy thalmpuy ‘(like a) flower,’a) ‘(like pinga/ingkawu 2 The “unnamed” space is space “unnamed” The
In existing descriptions descriptions existing In ‘lips,’ ‘lips,’ ngulku ulmpaya ‘night ‘night red’ grandmotherto‘white’ grandchild. group;grandchild unlabeled smaller the to grandmother as ‘like and ‘black’ grandchild; red’as ‘like with grandmother ‘red’groupas the the using spectrum color and sort the of areas consecutive pair to proceeded speaker the the completed grouping Having left. far the to off moved was which group unnamed largest the being exception the table, the across dark to wereorderedpiles These from29). light groups (10, were unlabeled a with group one terms, color (8) red and (10), white chips), (15 black the speaker (Umpila dialect) created six groups. Three were labeled using one memberofthepairwhileinvokingothermember. names expressionovertly this Umpila, in constructions dyad all with Color free-sort. Thefigures are incolortheonlineversionof thearticle. Figure 2 and grandmother’ ‘maternal miimi free-sortthe is in speakers both by used construction The Umpila. in types construction dyad kin of number mother-child pair (Evans 2006; Merlan and Heath 1982). There are a pair, husband-wife siblings, of pairs e.g. terminology, kinship from kin relationship, inparticularagrandmother-grandchild relationship. a into groups sorted the of several place to strategy reference kin color the in specificity low of spectrum. Twoareas speakers independently of each other used in a special fill to construction kin dyadic a of use the – results the of aspect one just on focus will herediscussion The the wished. they way together any in group similarity to on based asked chips were speakers and table a on out werespreadstimuli the task this In chips. eighty same the with task free-sorta completed speakers four naming, color the to addition In Analogy MakingTool Color Free-sort: KinDyadic Constructionsasan ethnonym.’ species/place,’ palm ‘coconut ochre,’ ‘red puuta To take you through one of these free-sort tasks (Figure 2): the the 2): (Figure tasks free-sort these of one through you To take Kin dyad constructions form expressions denoting pairs of a type ‘like red’ similative construction (8), and two and (8), construction similative red’ ‘like pulpanchi miil’a ‘carpet snake species,’ snake ‘carpet yangki kanthanhampu expression:pairing kuunchi miimi ‘relative.’ kuunchi formed fromformed kuunchi miimi ‘palm species/place/ ‘palm kuungangunama 5 As is the case the is As Named andUnnamedSpaces
61 Senses & Society 62 Senses & Society Clair Hill to make dozens of free and set pairs of color-kin associations in in associations various ways color-kin indicated that speakers in using this kin dyad are most of pairs set and free of dozens make to asked were speakers where elicitation for Structured references. is plant it way same the in conventionalized not is domain color the in construction dyad kin the of use the that suggested investigation grandmother to ‘white’). Despite the patterns in this free-sort, further grandmother relationship to lighter grandchild hues (e.g. ‘like red’ as a in hues darker places red’ and/or groups, ‘like unlabeled (e.g. or construction) word color proper a by unnamed either are which groups to grandmother as color named a places speaker the sort: free- the in groups color the grandmother-grandchildonto mapping two namedplants(BandCinTable 1). between or plants unnamed two between as well as Table1), in A across named and unnamed “spaces” in the plant domain (example resemblance. be incorrect, andifsoitismostlikelytobeanotherChamaesyce speciesofclose ** Herbarium);Hillfield notes, 2008. Virtual * C. Bothnamed B. Bothunnamed A. Named-unnamed Name relation Table 1 totemic affiliation, physical resemblance, habitat relationship, relationship, The habitat 1997). Evans resemblance, 1980; Sturmer von and (Chase relationship symbiotic physical affiliation, totemic association, mythological e.g. connections, various of basis the on (companions) “mates” referredas be to can animals and plants that von and (Chase Sturmer plants 1980). It has between been noted in particularly many parts of world, Aboriginal Australia natural the in relationships associative creating for analogy conventionalized a as This environment. the – Umpila the for domains salient culturally and linguistically most the of one plant species. distinct plant minimally between typically construct relationships, to category used within is It Umpila. in relation “mateship” a encoding Chase (1976;planttaxonomyupdated: AustralianPlantNamesIndex, Chamaesyce filipesisnotgenerallyfoundinthisregion. Thisidentificationmay It is easy to infer two patterns potentially motivating the the motivating potentially patterns two infer to easy is It In considering why speakers adopt such a strategy,a such adopt speakers why considering In to turn us let miimi kuunchi miimi Miimi kuunchikindyad. 6 As with the color free-sort, this expression maps maps expression this free-sort, color the with As expression is one of the linguistic strategies for for strategies linguistic the of one is expression grandmother towatul(Xeroteslongifolia (Labill) R.Br.) Fiber plants:yapathara(Dianella (species unknown)) D.C.Hassall** grandmother toChamaesycefilipes(Benth.) Spurges: Chamaesyceatoto(G.Forst.)Croizat archeriana F.M.Bailey var. archeriana) R.Br.) grandmothertounnamedtree (Lagerstroemia Fruit-bearing trees: ngathalngki (Vitex glabrata kin dyad is employed is dyad kin kuunchi miimi Minimally distinctplants* member of the group obliged to marry someone from the other other the from someone moiety. marry to obliged group each the with of marriage, member governing rules social the of part key a was referred to as to referred groups descent moiety patrilineal has Umpila groups. kinship two of organization the in properties perceptual beliefs visual of role the significant about culturally to categorization color in terminology and environment the fromkinship discussion of the use the Here,qualities. visual turn we between associations on draw Umpila the earlier.discussed which in Interestingly,domain only the not is color The use of words for natural phenomena in color naming was briefly Classification Moving One”:ANoteonKuyanandKaapayMoiety “Kaapay ThisMovingWater One,ThemOne in thiscasedecontextualizedcolorchips. the – stimuli unfamiliar very like with interacting when also but environment, domain salient culturally and linguistically highly a in both to help support naming and categorization and to fill semantic gaps, affinity, co-opted readily and be can oppositions attraction Such avoidance. of and taboos relationships encode that established of set oppositions a with space multidimensional a is system kin The speakers. to available tool analogy-making well-established a these However, the that differences. demonstrated nicely sessions gender or generational indicate to mapping light–dark simple a by constrained not instance, for were, systematicity,and cross-speaker have not did pairings these ease, with and readily pairings produced speakers While mappings. kin color-shared cross-speaker conventionalized on drawing not likely and when queried they frequently fall back on the phrase that such that phrase the on back fall frequently they queried when and differenttimes, at differentqualities to appeal differentspeakers but world, the with interaction in naturally emerge distinctions these to appealing comments Spontaneous traits. particulars physical shared the these of articulate to struggle Speakers concept. ineffable an of somewhat still is held, steadfastly while classification, moiety 1980; Hillfieldnotes,LockhartRiver, 2008). bark/leaf of (Chase types source intensity water and features, species, topographical coloration, plant certain of presence the like properties to appeal speakers land, of tracts For 1933). Thomson 2008; River, Lockhart notes, field Hill 1980; (Chase type hair skin, and hair of coloring hand, the of palm the on lines of distinctiveness and shape of features invoking variously appearance, physical by indicated as person’smoiety a of talk speakers descent, patrilineal via determination Despite categorization. this underpin or motivate Umpila 1980). that differences physical (Chase underlying are there land that believe of speakers tracts all and animals, and plants major world: natural the of much incorporates system classification The belief that various qualities or essential features underlie underlie features essential or qualities various that belief The 7 As is usual in the Aboriginal Australian context, this this context, Australian Aboriginal the in usual is As kuyan and . Traditionally,classification kaapay. moiety miimi kuunchi miimi expression is is expression Named andUnnamedSpaces
63 Senses & Society 64 Senses & Society Clair Hill in AboriginalAustraliaandbeyond. associations of iridescence with power, life-giving forces, and danger and significance cultural the of discussion a for press) (in Snow and Sutton see and Anindilyakwa; in assignment noun-class for criterion a as posited is luster of absence and presence the (1989) Leeding (1989) paper on Yolngu aesthetics describes the significant role role significant the of describes aesthetics Yolngu on paper (1989) (2008) Morphy’sWierzbicka entities; “shining” people’s Warlpiriwith preoccupationon Gidjingali; in categorization color in animation and brilliance of importance the on comment (1978) Meehan and reminiscent of observations made for other Australian groups: Jones is illuminance of role The light].” of flecks refracted [indicating now “ one moving one.” The same speaker commented for another image: “kaapay noted: speaker One kaapay. as classified consistently were water off refracting light and water moving featuring images of number a particular, In glare.’ mirage, for speakers. In Umpila abstract color appears to be less relevant relevant less be to appears color abstract Umpila In speakers. for system classification pervasive a about beliefs of part being import and organize moiety classification. Such properties have key cultural motivate illuminance) features(e.g. essential or qualities various that and places. These types animals, of association may plants, have responses their as basis in folk such beliefs ad-hoc phenomena, by natural to filled speakers by were space color “unnamed” the in gaps the of Some system. three-term the by covered not spectrum color the in area unnamed large a demonstrated tasks free-sorting and naming color and inventory,word color (three-term) There small a Umpila. is in domain elaborated lexically highly a not is Color Summary andSomeClosingComments kind. simply people-plants-animal-land classified variously . chanchi were: images classified ashes,’ Kaapay ‘dirty/dusty/like (ashes.REDUP) Images as factor. selected organizing key a was illuminance instead role, no cloud formations. patterns, bark types, leaf earth/sand/stone, of ripples/textures e.g. in their interpretation of interpretation their in invoked spontaneously previously had speakers environment local point with regard to landscape. The photos featured attributes of the this on insights some provided and speakers, four with undertaken photo-sorting and elicitation task with a set of forty-one images was a role in the properties associated with
malngala .
. this one here, like river running, them wan him thing inside inside thing him wan them running, river like here, one this . bir’yun In the sorting and commentary, color appeared to play little or or little play to appeared color commentary, and sorting the In To what degree do color or other visual perceptual qualities play qualities perceptual visual other or color do Todegree what 8 ‘attractive young person,’ person,’ young ‘attractive ‘brilliance, shimmering’ in Yolngu painting and ritual; in in ritual; and painting Yolngu in shimmering’ ‘brilliance, [‘heat haze, mirage, glare’], all this one here, one this all glare’], mirage, haze, [‘heat kuyan were repeatedly characterized as: as: characterized repeatedly were and kuyan striped, land estate classification, estate land kaapay (malngal)malngala this moving water one, them one, water moving this kuyan and ‘daybreak, bright,’ ‘daybreak, pachala ngulmana kaapay? A simple ‘dusk,’ ‘dusk,’ look another another look ‘heat haze, haze, ‘heat pulkapulka kaapay dull . 4. 3. 2. 1. Notes Project andtheMaxPlanck Gesellschaft. Languages Endangered Rausing Hans the from support for grateful of am I 2009. Workshop members Australianists European from the at audience received the feedback for thanks and Verstraete, Jean-Christophe and Roque, San Lila Pritchard, John Majid, Asifa Levinson, Stephen Cilissen, Ludy Chase, Athol Burenhult, Niclas to Psycholinguistics. Special thanks for discussion and other assistance Cognition and Language the (within study Perception of in Language undertaken the was research This language. their me teaching for I am greatly indebted to the Umpila, Kuuku Ya’u, and Kaanju speakers Acknowledgments of semanticorganization. and language the within units and domains multiple with interact and cultureshape may that forces to sensitive be to and approach situated culturally a take to senses the of language on research of importance the the emphasizes and finding This Umpila. domain, in system kinship environmental natural the qualities, perceptual kinship systemsandtheirsalienceinAboriginalAustralia. of nature relational the both reflects system another in gaps bolster lexical help to and construction named a such of between use The mapping spaces. unnamed for analogy apt particularly a for make member pair other the invoking while member kin one name and categorization of colors. Kin dyad constructions that only overtly naming support to used was plants, to applied typically most is that kuunchi The emerged. properties perceptual visual and organization Meehan 1978forsimilarpoints). than and Jones 1955; significant) Conklin (see qualities visual culturally non-chromatic these less and elaborated linguistically (less This article reports a rich set of interrelations between visual visual between interrelations of set rich a reports article This social between connection another task free-sort color a Via In Umpilaorthography anapostrophe represents aglottalstop. In Kay and Maffi (1999) terms, Umpila is a non-partition language. “Bk, W, R,plusconfusion”). as (1999) Maffi and high Kay by (characterized variation featuring interspeaker area “leftover” the with system black-white-red speakers. Additionally, nearby language Kuku Yalanji has proficient a similar than space color the of more name to tend speakers semi- e.g. situation, moribund the of result a simply not are data the in present gaps naming the that suggests work Preliminary categorization in Umpila speakers is currently under investigation. The potential effect of the language loss/change situation on color categories, iscommoninUmpila. Zero derivation, employing an unconverted form in multiple lexical construction, a resource drawn from the kinship system system kinship the from drawn resource a construction, project) at the Max Planck Institute for for Institute Planck Max the at project) Categories across across Categories miimi miimi Named andUnnamedSpaces
65 Senses & Society 66 Senses & Society Clair Hill Berlin, Brent and Kay, Paul. 1969. 1969. Paul. Kay, and Brent Berlin, References 8. 7. 6. 5. Kay, Paul and Maffi, Luisa. 1999. “Color Appearance and Emerg and Appearance “Color 1999. Luisa. Maffi, and Paul Kay, Betty.Meehan, and Rhys Jones, Color.”of Concept “Anbarra 1978. 1997. (eds). Luisa Maffi, and Clyde Hardin, Hale, Kenneth. 1964. “Classification of Northern Paman Languages, (ed.), Brown Keith In Constructions.” “Dyad 2006. Nicholas. Evans, of Problem the and Metonymies “Sign 1997. Nicholas. Evans, Categories.” Color “Hanunoo 1955. Harold. Conklin, and “Anthropology 1980. John. Sturmer, von and Athol Chase, and Continuity Tradition, Now? Way “Which 1980. Athol. Chase, Chase, Athol.1976.ECY-Plants FieldNotes,1975–6. Levinson, Stephen C. 2000. “Yélî Dnye and the Theory of Basic Basic of Theory the and Dnye “Yélî 2000. C. Stephen Levinson, Morphology.”and Phonology “Anindilyakwa 1989. Velma. Leeding, 20–39. Canberra:AIASPress. (ed.), Hiatt Richard Lester In Thought and Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3(2): 248–64. Report.” Research A Australia: York, Cape Oxford: Elsevier. Linguistics and Language of Encyclopedia Geoffrey O’Grady,pp.133–53.Canberra:PacificLinguistics. (eds), Walsh Michael and Tryon Darrel In Linguistics.” Australian in Polysemy Flora–Fauna Journal ofAnthropology11(4):339–44. to AustralianLinguistics.Canberra:PacificLinguistics. Peter Sutton (eds), and Rigsby Bruce In Leaf.” New a Over Turning Botany: Ph.D. thesis, UniversityofQueensland. Community.” Aboriginal Queensland North a in Change ersality and Evolution. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Color Terms.” JournalofLinguisticAnthropology 10(1):3–55. Ph.D. thesis,UniversityofSydney. po Lexicons.” Color Basic of Evolution and ence 1933). (Thomson region the on work anthropological early in sification clas moiety to relation in noted also was phrase Strikingly,this role inmediatingsocialrelations. significant a play to appears longer no it and generations, older to limited is system classification this of knowledge Nowadays, “mateship” associations. of types usual the of one being as (1980) Sutton by noted is This genitive caseorathird-person possessivepronoun. In reading. + kin-term dyadic contexts a some have always not does construction This logist 101(4):743–60. Papers in Australian Linguistics No. 13: Contributions Boundary Rider: Essays in Honour of of Honour in Essays Rider: Boundary kuunchi , pp. Concepts, Aboriginal Australian Basic Color Terms: Their Univ Their Terms: Color Basic can function somewhat like like somewhat function can Color Categories in in Categories Color Linguistics Oceanic , Vol. 4, pp. 24–7. 24–7. pp. 4, Vol. , American Anthro American Southwestern Majid, Asifa (ed.). 2007. 2007. (ed.). Asifa Majid, Wierzbicka, Anna. 2008. “Why there are no ‘Colour Universals’ in in Universals’ ‘Colour no are there “Why 2008. Anna. Wierzbicka, on Totemism Initiation Cult, Hero “The F.1933. Donald Thomson, 1988. David. Thompson, Diana In “Iridescence.” press. In Michael. Snow, and Peter Sutton, Sutton, Peter. 1980. “Linguistic Aspects of Ethnobotanical Research.” of Aesthetics The Brilliant: to Dull “From 1989. Howard. Morphy, Merlan, Francesca and Heath, Jeffrey. 1982. “Dyadic Kinship Terms.” Language “The 2007. C. Stephen Levinson, and (ed.) Asifa Majid, Institute 14(2):407–25. Thought.” and Language Cape York.” of Linguistics. Institute Summer Darwin: Umpila. Ya’uand Kuuku of Outline An Publishing. Forthcoming. (ed.), Young 103–14. Canberra:PacificLinguistics. Linguistics Australian to Contributions 13: No. Linguistics (eds), Sutton Peter and Rigsby Bruce In Spiritual PoweramongtheYolngu.” Man24(1):21–40. Oceania LinguisticMonographs. Languages of Kinship in Aboriginal Australia, pp. 107–24. Sydney: (eds), Rumsey Alan and Merlan Francesca Heath, Jeffrey In 22–5. Nijmegen:MaxPlanckInstituteforPsycholinguistics. Colour.”I: Vision of (ed.), Majid Asifa In Planck InstituteforPsycholinguistics. Royal Anthropological Institute Journal 63: 453–537. Re-materializing Colour Re-materializing Field Manual Volume 10 Volume Manual Field Lockhart River “Sand Beach” Language: Language: Beach” “Sand River Lockhart Journal of the Royal Anthropological Anthropological Royal the of Journal . Oxford: Sean Kingston Kingston Sean Oxford: . , Vol.Manual, Field pp. 10, Papers in Australian Australian in Papers . Nijmegen: Max Max Nijmegen: . , pp. pp. , The Named andUnnamedSpaces
67 Senses & Society