Interim Consolidated Report As of June 30, 2009
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Nigeria Last Updated: May 6, 2016
Country Analysis Brief: Nigeria Last Updated: May 6, 2016 Overview Nigeria is currently the largest oil producer in Africa and was the world's fourth-largest exporter of LNG in 2015. Nigeria’s oil production is hampered by instability and supply disruptions, while its natural gas sector is restricted by the lack of infrastructure to commercialize natural gas that is currently flared (burned off). Nigeria is the largest oil producer in Africa, holds the largest natural gas reserves on the continent, and was the world’s fourth-largest exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in 2015.1 Nigeria became a member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 1971, more than a decade after oil production began in the oil-rich Bayelsa State in the 1950s.2 Although Nigeria is the leading oil producer in Africa, production is affected by sporadic supply disruptions, which have resulted in unplanned outages of up to 500,000 barrels per day (b/d). Figure 1: Map of Nigeria Source: U.S. Department of State 1 Nigeria’s oil and natural gas industry is primarily located in the southern Niger Delta area, where it has been a source of conflict. Local groups seeking a share of the wealth often attack the oil infrastructure, forcing companies to declare force majeure on oil shipments (a legal clause that allows a party to not satisfy contractual agreements because of circumstances beyond their control). At the same time, oil theft leads to pipeline damage that is often severe, causing loss of production, pollution, and forcing companies to shut in production. -
Monetizing Stranded Gas Reserves in Nigeria
ISSN-L: 2223-9553, ISSN: 2223-9944 Academic Research International Vol. 4 No. 5 September 2013 MONETIZING STRANDED GAS RESERVES IN NIGERIA Kerunwa Anothny 1, C. I. C. Anyadiegwu 2 Department of Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri. NIGERIA. 1 [email protected] , 2 [email protected] ABSTRACT Stranded natural gas has a huge economic implications for Nigeria since there are 184 TCF stranded gas reserves in the country. Oil currently accounts for over 90 percent of Nigeria’s foreign exchange earnings, there is therefore, hope for increased revenue from natural gas, if the gas being flared is monetized. Monetizing stranded gas reserves requires access to distribution infrastructure. It becomes necessary and appropriate for Nigeria to put in place these infrastructure as to develop her vast stranded natural gas reserves to serve her economy, strengthen regional cooperation, and meet expanding demand in the world market. This paper presents current technologies for monetizing stranded gas, and assessment of Nigeria’s achievements in monetizing stranded natural gas reserves. The monetization technologies and projects reviewed are liquefied natural gas (LNG), gas-to-liquids (GTL), compressed natural gas (CNG), gas-to-wire (gas-fired power generation), and gas-to-solid. Nigeria’s achievements in monetizing stranded gas include the Nigeria LNG plant, Brass LNG plant, Escravos GTL plant, Bonny Non-Associated Gas plant, West Niger Delta LNG plant, Olokola LNG project, Nigeria Gas Company, and thermal power plants. Some of these projects have not reached operational stage, even those that have reached are partially in operation. Some of those that were fully operational, were shut down due to poor maintenance and gas supply. -
Gas-To-Liquids (GTL): a Review of an Industry Offering Several Routes for Monetizing Natural Gas David A
1 Gas-to-Liquids (GTL): a Review of an Industry Offering Several Routes for Monetizing Natural Gas David A. Wood DWA Energy Limited, Lincoln, United Kingdom Chikezie Nwaoha Independent Researcher, Nigeria Brian F. Towler Professor and CEAS Fellow for Hydrocarbon Energy Resources, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, USA Draft of Article published in Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering Volume 9, November 2012, Pages 196–208 Abstract Gas-to-liquids (GTL) has emerged as a commercially-viable industry over the past thirty years offering market diversification to remote natural gas resource holders. Several technologies are now available through a series of patented processes to provide liquid products that can be more easily transported than natural gas, and directed into high value transportation fuel and other petroleum product and petrochemical markets. Recent low natural gas prices prevailing in North America are stimulating interest in GTL as a means to better monetise isolated shale gas resources. This article reviews the various GTL technologies, the commercial plants in operation, development and planning, and the range of market opportunities for GTL products. The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) technologies dominate both large-scale and small-scale projects targeting middle distillate liquid transportation fuel markets. The large technology providers have followed strategies to scale-up plants over the past decade to provide commercial economies of scale, which to date have proved to be more costly than originally forecast. On the other hand, some small-scale technology providers are now targeting GTL at efforts to eliminate associated gas flaring in remote producing oil fields. -
Coal-To-Liquids, Peak Oil
http://www.diva-portal.org Postprint This is the accepted version of a paper published in Philosophical Transactions. Series A: Mathematical, physical, and engineering science. This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination. Citation for the original published paper (version of record): Höök, M., Fantazzini, D., Angelantoni, A., Snowden, S. (2014) Hydrocarbon liquefaction: viability as a peak oil mitigation strategy. Philosophical Transactions. Series A: Mathematical, physical, and engineering science, 372(2006) http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0319 Access to the published version may require subscription. N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published paper. Permanent link to this version: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-211949 Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: A Volume 372, Issue 2006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0319 Hydrocarbon liquefaction: viability as a peak oil mitigation strategy Mikael Höök1, Dean Fantazzini234, André Angelantoni5, Simon Snowden6 Contact e-mail: [email protected] 1 Global Energy Systems, Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden, Telephone: +46 18-4713777, Fax: +46 184713513, web: http://www.geo.uu.se 2 Moscow School of Economics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, www.mse-msu.ru 3 Faculty of Economics, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia 4 The International College of Economics and Finance, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia 5 Post Peak Living, San Francisco, USA, http://www.PostPeakLiving.com 6 Management School, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom Abstract Current world capacity of hydrocarbon liquefaction is around 400,000 barrels per day (kb/d), providing a marginal share of the global liquid fuel supply. -
Petrochemicals and Refining
World Petroleum Council Guide Petrochemicals and Refining www.world-petroleum.org World ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION, Outstanding solutions for the biggest Oil & gas challenges Petroleum Saipem is a leading global general contractor, with a full range of project management, engineering, procurement, construction and installation services, with distinctive capabilities in the design and execution of large-scale offshore and onshore projects, particularly in oil & gas markets. Council Saipem has a growing focus on activities in remote and difficult areas, as well as on major technological challenges, such as deep waters exploitation, gas monetization and liquefaction, heavy and unconventional oils production and conversion, and many others. Guide ONE WORD, ONE WORLD Skills, Assets, Innovation, People, Environment, Market. Petrochemicals and Refining Published by International Systems and Communications Limited (ISC) in conjunction with the World Petroleum Council (WPC). Copyright © 2013. The entire content of this publication is protected by copyright, full details of which are available from the publisher. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval systems or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without the prior permission of the copyright owner. World Petroleum Council International Systems and Fourth Floor, Suite 1 Communications Limited 1 Duchess Street Park Place London W1W 6AN 12 Lawn Lane England London SW8 1UD England Telephone: + 44 20 7637 4958 Facsimile: + 44 20 7637 4973 Telephone: + 44 20 7091 1188 E-mail: [email protected] Facsimile: + 44 20 7091 1198 Website: www.world-petroleum.org E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.isyscom.com saipem.com spm_adv10_148x210.indd 1 09/04/13 14:45 continues today with the licensing of the more environ- Saipem: 60 Years of Achievements mentally friendly ETBE. -
Annual Report 2009 Mission Pursuing the Satisfaction of Our Clients in the Energy Industry, We Tackle Each Challenge with Safe, Reliable and Innovative Solutions
001-096BilSaipem09Ing 27-04-2010 12:25 Pagina I Annual Report 2009 Mission Pursuing the satisfaction of our clients in the energy industry, we tackle each challenge with safe, reliable and innovative solutions. Our skilled and multi-local teams create sustainable growth for our company and the communities in which we operate Our core values Commitment to safety, integrity, openness, flexibility, integration, innovation, quality, competitiveness, teamwork, humility, internationalisation Countries in which Saipem operates EUROPE Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Principality of Monaco, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom AMERICAS Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Trinidad & Tobago, United States, Venezuela CIS Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine AFRICA Algeria, Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Libya, Morocco, Nigeria, Tunisia MIDDLE EAST Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen FAR EAST AND OCEANIA Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore, South Korea, Tahiti, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam Annual Report 2009 The forward-looking statements contained in this document are based on a number of assumptions and expectations that could ultimately prove inaccurate, as they are subject to risks and variables outside the Company’s control. These include: currency fluctuations, interest rate fluctuations, the level of capital expenditure in the oil and gas industry, as well as other industries, political instability in areas where the Group operates, and actions by competitors. Moreover, contract execution is also subject to variables outside the Company’s control, such as weather conditions. Actual results could therefore differ materially from the forward-looking statements. -
Human Energy 2005 Supplement to the Annual Report Table of Contents
Human energy 2005 Supplement to the Annual report table of Contents 2005 AT A Glance uPstream downstream Chemicals 1 Financial Highlights 11 Highlights 48 Highlights 60 chevron Phillips chemical 1 Accomplishments 14 united States 50 refining Company LLc 1 corporate Strategies 18 Africa 51 Marketing 60 chevron oronite company 23 Asia-Pacific 52 Lubricants 6 1 Manufacturing and research and Financial InformatioN 30 Indonesia 52 Supply & Trading Development Locations 2 Financial Summary 32 other International 53 Transportation - Pipeline 3 consolidated Statement 37 Global Gas and Shipping other businesseS of Income 38 Major development Projects 63 Technology downstream operating data 4 consolidated Statement of 64 Power Generation upstream operating data 54 refining capacities and Comprehensive Income, Income 64 chevron energy Solutions 39 Net Wells completed and Net Crude oil Inputs From continuing operations 64 dynegy Productive Wells 55 refining capacity at by Major operating Area and 65 coal and other Minerals 40 Proved reserves Year-end 2005 Special Items 41 Net oil-equivalent Production 56 refinery utilization 5 consolidated balance Sheet reFereNce 42 Net Liquids Production and Production 6 consolidated Statement of 66 Glossary of energy and 43 Net Natural Gas Production 57 Product Sales and Marketing Cash Flows Financial Terms 44 Gross Production Retail outlets 7 capital and exploratory 67 cautionary Statement 45 realizations, Natural Gas and 58 Inventories and Vessels Expenditures 68 Major organizations Natural Gas Liquids Sales, 8 Properties, Plant and equipment and exploration and 9 Miscellaneous data Development costs 46 Acreage human energy At chevron, we are relentlessly focused on producing safe, reliable energy now and for the future. -
PIPE SUPPORTS ASIA LTD Company Profile
PIPE SUPPORTS ASIA LTD Company Profile CONTENTS Page 2. Address, Location and Function. Page 4. Financial, Legal and Commercial. Page 5. Facilities. Page 7. Design Capability. Page 8. Quality Assurance and Controls. Page 8. Membership of Trade Associations and Technical Committees. Page 8. Sales Representation. 25/02/2013 Page 1 of 8 Address, Location and Function 1.1 Name and Address: Pipe Supports Asia Limited (H/O) Pipe Supports Asia Ltd. (PUF Plant) 26/5 Moo 9, Bangna-Trad Km. 18 92 Moo 21, Soi Tee-Din Thai, Bangchalong, Bangplee Bangplee-Yai, Bangplee, Samutprakarn Samutprakarn Thailand Thailand 10540 10540 1.2 Telephone Number: +66 (0) 2 312 7685 +66 (0) 2 346 5123-6 1.3 Fax Number: +66 (0) 2 312 7710 +66 (0) 2 346 5125 1.4 E-mail address: [email protected] 1.5 Web site address: www.PipeSupports.com 1.6 Factory Address: 26/5 Moo 9, Bangna-Trad Km. 18 92 Moo 21, Soi Tee-Din Thai, Bangchalong, Bangplee Bangplee-Yai, Bangplee, Samutprakarn Samutprakarn Thailand Thailand 10540 10540 1.7 Location: Approximately 18.2 Kilometres from the Bangna-Sukhumvit intersection, 700m from Bangna-Trad road, about 8km. from the Suvannabahumi Airport 1.8 Access to Factory: Access to factory is via concrete driveway suitable for full-sized container truck. 5 m x 4.5 m. main doors into factory 1.9 Principal Function of Company: The manufacture and supply of pipe support equipment for all types of pipe work installations in the industrial, commercial, power generation, petrochemical and cryogenic sectors, and commercial representation of Pipe Supports Limited’s products in Thailand.