DOCSLIB.ORG

Economic Instruments for Improved Water Resources Management in Egypt

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Economic Instruments for Improved Water Resources Management in Egypt Munich Personal RePEc Archive Economic Instruments For Improved Water Resources Management In Egypt McCauley, David and Anderson, Robert and Bowen, Richard and Elassiouty, Ibrahim and Mahdy, Elsayed and Soliman, Ibrahim United States Agency for International Development/Egypt, nternational Resources Group, Ltd, Winrock International, Harvard Institute for International Development, Center for Naval Analysis Corporation; 30 April 2002 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40581/ MPRA Paper No. 40581, posted 16 Aug 2013 15:53 UTC Contract No. PCE-I-00-96-00002-00 ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS FOR IMPROVED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN EGYPT Prepared by EPIQ Water Policy Reform Activity Agricultural Policy Reform Program Market-Based Incentives Team: Dr. David S. McCauley (Senior Water Resource Economist, Task Manager) Dr. Robert Anderson (Environmental Economics Consultant) Dr. Richard Bowen (Water Economics Consultant)) Dr. Ibrahim Elassiouty (EPIQ Water Management Specialist) Dr. Elsayed Mahdy (EPIQ Senior Water Resources Economist) Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Soliman (Agricultural Economics Consultant) Eng. Hisham Shehab (WPAU Civil Engineer) April 2002 Prepared for United States Agency for International Development/Egypt Environmental Policy and Institutional Strengthening Indefinite Quantity (EPIQ) Contract Partners: International Resources Group, Ltd.; Winrock International; and Harvard Institute for International Development Subcontractors: PADCO; Management Systems International; and Development Alternatives, Inc. Collaborating Institutions: Center for Naval Analysis Corporation; Conservation International; KNB Engineering and Applied Sciences, Inc.; Keller-Bliesner Engineering; Resource Management International, Inc.; Tellus Institute; Urban Institute; and World Resources Institute APRP Water Policy Program i Economic Incentives for Water Management Acknowledgments This report was prepared by a team assembled under the auspices of the EPIQ Water Policy Reform Program (EPIQ/WRRP), a joint activity of the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI) and the United States Agency for International Development Egypt Mission (USAID/Egypt). It is carried out under the umbrella of the Agricultural Policy Reform Program (APRP), a program of cooperation between the Government of Egypt and USAID/Egypt. Implementation of EPIQ/WPRP is the joint responsibility of Winrock International, International Resources Group (IRG), and Nile Consultants through the Environmental Policy and Institutional Strengthening Indefinite Quantity (EPIQ) Contract, for which IRG serves as the lead organization. The work of the Market-Based Incentives (MBI) Team began in late August 2001 and two ∗ previous progress reports have been prepared. The team was comprised of the following individuals: Dr. David McCauley (EPIQ/WPRP Senior Water Resource Economist, Task Manager); Dr. Robert Anderson (EPIQ/WPRP Environmental Economist); Dr. Richard Bowen (EPIQ/WPRP Water Economist); Dr. Ibrahim Elassouty (EPIQ Water Management Specialist), Dr. Elsayed Mahdy (EPIQ/WPRP Senior Water Resources Economist); Eng. Hisham Shehab (WPAU Civil Engineer); and Dr. Ibrahim Soliman (Agricultural Economics Consultant). The EPIQ/WPRP MBI Team is greatly appreciative of all those who contributed to this report. Numerous officials, experts and farmers were interviewed by the team to gain an understanding of the potential applications of MBIs to improving water resources management in the country. Important inputs were received from a large number of MWRI staff, including especially Eng. Gamil Mahmoud, Chairman of the MWRI/WPRP Steering Committee and Head of the MWRI Water Policy Advisory Unit. The Team also gratefully acknowledges the guidance received from the EPIQ/WPRP and environmental program managers at USAID, especially Mr. Alan Davis, Dr. Wadie Fahim Mankarious, Dr. Ross Hagan and Dr. Nadine Y. El-Hakim. Finally, the entire effort has been carried out under the able direction of Mr. Andrew Tczap, EPIQ/WPRP Chief of Party. While desiring to give due credit to all those who have made this study possible, the team also would like to make clear that the views expressed herein are their own and do not represent those of the Government of Egypt or USAID. The MBI Team also takes full responsibility for any remaining weaknesses or inaccuracies in the report, and it looks forward to receiving the reactions of interested readers. ∗ David McCauley, September 2001. Exploring the Potential of Applying Economic Instruments to Water Resources Management in Egypt, EPIQ/WPRP; and David McCauley, November 2001. Economic Instruments for Improved Water Policy in Egypt: Summary Progress Report, EPIQ/WPRP (with supplementary note, December 2001). APRP Water Policy Program Economic Incentives for Water Management i List of Abbreviations and Acronyms AGOSD Alexandria General Organization for Sanitary Drainage APRP Agricultural Policy Reform Program AWGA Alexandria Water General Authority BCM Billion Cubic Meters C&C Command and Control DRI Drainage Research Institute EEAA Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency EEPP Egyptian Environmental Policy Program EHD Environmental Health Department EMOHC Environmental Monitoring and Occupational Health Center EPIQ Environmental Policies & Institutional Strengthening Indefinite Quantity Contract GARPAD General Authority for Rehabilitation Projects and Agricultural Development GDP Gross Domestic Product GOE Government of Egypt GOFI General Organization for Industrialization GOGCWS General Organization for Greater Cairo Water Supply GOSD General Organization for Sanitary Drainage in Cairo HAD High Aswan Dam IAS Irrigation Advisory Service IIP Irrigation Improvement Project IMT Irrigation Management Transfer IRG International Resources Group, Ltd. M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MALR Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation MCM Million Cubic Meters MHNCPU Ministry of Housing, New Communities and Public Utilities MHP Ministry of Health and Population MIMW Ministry of Industry and Mineral Wealth MOSEA Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs MWRI Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation NAWQAM National Water Quality and Availability Management Project NOPWASD National Organization for Potable Water and Sanitary Drainage NRI Nile Research Institute NVDA New Valley Development Authority NWQCU National Water Quality Conservation Unit NWRC National Water Research Center O&M Operation and Maintenance PSU Policy Support Unit (of EEPP) RIGW Research Institute for Ground Water SWREI Soil, Water and Environmental Research Institute USAID United States Agency for International Development WPAU Water Policy Advisory Unit WPRP Water Policy Reform Program WUA Water User Association APRP Water Policy Program Economic Incentives for Water Management ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .........................................................................................................I LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS................................................................. II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................................... 1 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 OVERVIEW......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 BACKGROUND, PURPOSE AND SCOPE.................................................................................. 2 1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT ......................................................................................... 3 2 WATER MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS AND POLICIES .......................................... 4 2.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 4 2.2 KEY GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS CHARGED WITH WATER MANAGEMENT.......................... 4 2.3 LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR WATER MANAGEMENT................................................................ 8 2.3 PRINCIPAL WATER MANAGEMENT POLICIES AND PROGRAMS.............................................. 9 2.3.1 Nile Irrigation Management....................................................................................... 9 2.3.2 Nile Basin Drainage and Groundwater..................................................................... 11 2.3.3 Mega Projects .......................................................................................................... 12 2.3.4 Western Desert Groundwater .................................................................................. 13 3 PRINCIPAL WATER MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES................................................ 16 3.1 MANAGING WATER SUPPLIES........................................................................................... 16 3.1.1 Threat of Water Shortage ......................................................................................... 16 3.1.2 Service Delivery Problems in Municipal Water Supply Systems................................ 18 3.1.3 Irrigation Service Delivery Challenges..................................................................... 21 3.1.4 Insufficient Irrigation System Upkeep....................................................................... 22 3.1.5 High On-farm Water Use.......................................................................................... 22 3.1.6 Inadequate Farmer Contributions to Irrigation System Upkeep ................................ 23
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rapid Cultural Inventories of Wetlands in Arab States Including Ramsar Sites and World Heritage Properties
    Rapid cultural inventories of wetlands in Arab states including Ramsar Sites and World Heritage Properties Building greater understanding of cultural values and practices as a contribution to conservation success Tarek Abulhawa – Lead Author Tricia Cummings – Research and Data Analysis Supported by: May 2017 Acknowledgements The report team expresses their utmost appreciation to Ms. Mariam Ali from the Ramsar Secretariat and Ms. Haifaa Abdulhalim from the Tabe’a Programme (IUCN’s programme in partnership with ARC-WH) for their guidance and support on the preparation of this regional assessment. Special gratitude is extended to all the national focal points from the target countries and sites as well as international experts and colleagues from the Ramsar and IUCN networks for their valuable contributions and reviews of assignment reports drafts. Finally, the team wants to take the opportunity to thank all the peoples of the wetlands in the Arab states for their long established commitment to the protection of their wetlands through their cultural values, traditional knowledge and sustainable practices for the benefit of future generations. Cover: Traditional felucca fishing boat, Tunisia. DGF Tunisa Contents Executive summary . 4 Introduction . 9 Methodology . 13 Assessment Results . 21 Algeria . 23 La Vallée d’Iherir . 24 Oasis de Tamantit et Sid Ahmed Timmi. 27 Réserve Intégrale du Lac Tonga . 32 Egypt . 35 Lake Bardawil . 36 Lake Burullus . 41 Wadi El Rayan Protected Area . 44 Iraq . 49 Central Marshes . 52 Hammar Marshes . 55 Hawizeh Marshes . 58 Mauritania . 63 Lac Gabou et le réseau hydrographique du Plateau du Tagant . 64 Parc National du Banc d’Arguin . 67 Parc National du Diawling .
    [Show full text]
  • Egyptian National Action Program to Combat Desertification
    Arab Republic of Egypt UNCCD Desert Research Center Ministry of Agriculture & Land Reclamation Egyptian National Action Program To Combat Desertification June, 2005 UNCCD Egypt Office: Mail Address: 1 Mathaf El Mataria – P.O.Box: 11753 El Mataria, Cairo, Egypt Tel: (+202) 6332352 Fax: (+202) 6332352 e-mail : [email protected] Prof. Dr. Abdel Moneim Hegazi +202 0123701410 Dr. Ahmed Abdel Ati Ahmed +202 0105146438 ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation Desert Research Center (DRC) Egyptian National Action Program To Combat Desertification Editorial Board Dr. A.M.Hegazi Dr. M.Y.Afifi Dr. M.A.EL Shorbagy Dr. A.A. Elwan Dr. S. El- Demerdashe June, 2005 Contents Subject Page Introduction ………………………………………………………………….. 1 PART I 1- Physiographic Setting …………………………………………………….. 4 1.1. Location ……………………………………………………………. 4 1.2. Climate ……...………………………………………….................... 5 1.2.1. Climatic regions…………………………………….................... 5 1.2.2. Basic climatic elements …………………………….................... 5 1.2.3. Agro-ecological zones………………………………………….. 7 1.3. Water resources ……………………………………………………... 9 1.4. Soil resources ……...……………………………………………….. 11 1.5. Flora , natural vegetation and rangeland resources…………………. 14 1.6 Wildlife ……………………………………………………………... 28 1.7. Aquatic wealth ……………………………………………………... 30 1.8. Renewable energy ………………………………………………….. 30 1.8. Human resources ……………………………………………………. 32 2.2. Agriculture ……………………………………………………………… 34 2.1. Land use pattern …………………………………………………….. 34 2.2. Agriculture production ………...……………………………………. 34 2.3. Livestock, Poultry and Fishing production …………………………. 39 2.3.1. Livestock production …………………………………………… 39 2.3.2. Poultry production ……………………………………………… 40 2.3.3. Fish production………………………………………………….. 41 PART II 3. Causes, Processes and Impact of Desertification…………………………. 43 3.1. Causes of desertification ……………………………………………….. 43 Subject Page 3.2. Desertification processes ………………………………………………… 44 3.2.1. Urbanization ……………………………………………………….. 44 3.2.2. Salinization………………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • Landscape Archaeology. Egypt and the Mediterranean World
    INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON GEOARCHAEOLOGY LANDSCAPE ARCHAEOLOGY. EGYPT AND THE MEDITERRANEAN WORLD CAIRO, 19TH-21ST SEPTEMBER 2010 INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON GEOARCHAEOLOGY LANDSCAPE ARCHAEOLOGY. EGYPT AND THE MEDITERRANEAN WORLD CAIRO, 19TH-21ST SEPTEMBER 2010 Organised by the Institut français d’archéologie orientale (Ifao) and by the Egyptian Geographical Society in association with the Centre Européen de Recherche et d’Enseignement des Géosciences de l’Environnement (CEREGE, UMR 6635, CNRS), and the Centre Franco-Égyptien d’Étude des Temples de Karnak (CFEETK, USR 3172, CNRS) under the patronage of the Working Group on Geoarchaeology of the International Association of Geomorphologists Programme and abstracts volume edited by Yann Tristant and Matthieu Ghilardi SPONSORS Institut français d’archéologie orientale (Ifao) The Egyptian Geographical Society Centre Européen de Recherche et d’Enseignement des Géosciences de l’Environnement (UMR 6635, CNRS) Centre Franco-Egyptien d’Etude des Temples de Karnak (USR 3172, CNRS) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) International Association of Geomorphology (IAG) Centre français de Culture et de Coopération – Ambassade de France, Le Caire, Égypte ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Yann TRISTANT Matthieu GHILARDI Institut français d’Archéologie orientale Centre Européen de Recherche et (Ifao) d’Enseignement des Géosciences de [email protected] l’Environnement (UMR 6635, CNRS) +20 2 2795 9382 [email protected] +33 4 42 97 17 78 SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Pr. Gilles ARNAUD-FASSETTA, University of Paris 12 Val de Marne (France) Pr. John L. BINTLIFF, University of Leiden (The Netherlands) Pr. Helmut BRÜCKNER, Philipps-Universität, Marburg (Germany) Pr. Olaf BUBENZER, University of Heidelberg (Germany) Pr. Morgan DE DAPPER, University of Ghent (Belgium) Pr.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt Oi.Uchicago.Edu
    oi.uchicago.edu Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt oi.uchicago.edu PREHISTORIC ARCHEOLOGY AND ECOLOGY A Series Edited by Karl W. Butzer and Leslie G. Freeman oi.uchicago.edu Karl W.Butzer Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt A Study in Cultural Ecology Internet publication of this work was made possible with the generous support of Misty and Lewis Gruber The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London oi.uchicago.edu Karl Butzer is professor of anthropology and geography at the University of Chicago. He is a member of Chicago's Committee on African Studies and Committee on Evolutionary Biology. He also is editor of the Prehistoric Archeology and Ecology series and the author of numerous publications, including Environment and Archeology, Quaternary Stratigraphy and Climate in the Near East, Desert and River in Nubia, and Geomorphology from the Earth. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London ® 1976 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 1976 Printed in the United States of America 80 79 78 77 76 987654321 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Butzer, Karl W. Early hydraulic civilization in Egypt. (Prehistoric archeology and ecology) Bibliography: p. 1. Egypt--Civilization--To 332 B. C. 2. Human ecology--Egypt. 3. Irrigation=-Egypt--History. I. Title. II. Series. DT61.B97 333.9'13'0932 75-36398 ISBN 0-226-08634-8 ISBN 0-226-08635-6 pbk. iv oi.uchicago.edu For INA oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu CONTENTS List of Illustrations Viii List of Tables ix Foreword xi Preface xiii 1.
    [Show full text]
  • MOST ANCIENT EGYPT Oi.Uchicago.Edu Oi.Uchicago.Edu
    oi.uchicago.edu MOST ANCIENT EGYPT oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu Internet publication of this work was made possible with the generous support of Misty and Lewis Gruber MOST ANCIE NT EGYPT William C. Hayes EDITED BY KEITH C. SEELE THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS CHICAGO & LONDON oi.uchicago.edu Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 65-17294 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, CHICAGO & LONDON The University of Toronto Press, Toronto 5, Canada © 1964, 1965 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 1965. Printed in the United States of America oi.uchicago.edu WILLIAM CHRISTOPHER HAYES 1903-1963 oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu INTRODUCTION WILLIAM CHRISTOPHER HAYES was on the day of his premature death on July 10, 1963 the unrivaled chief of American Egyptologists. Though only sixty years of age, he had published eight books and two book-length articles, four chapters of the new revised edition of the Cambridge Ancient History, thirty-six other articles, and numerous book reviews. He had also served for nine years in Egypt on expeditions of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the institution to which he devoted his entire career, and more than four years in the United States Navy in World War II, during which he was wounded in action-both periods when scientific writing fell into the background of his activity. He was presented by the President of the United States with the bronze star medal and cited "for meritorious achievement as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. VIGILANCE ... in the efficient and expeditious sweeping of several hostile mine fields.., and contributing materially to the successful clearing of approaches to Okinawa for our in- vasion forces." Hayes' original intention was to work in the field of medieval arche- ology.
    [Show full text]
  • Future Perspective for Water Scarcity Challenges in Northern Nile Delta: Desalination Opportunities
    Middle East Journal of Applied Volume : 08 | Issue :04 |Oct.-Dec.| 2018 Sciences Pages: 1094-1111 ISSN 2077-4613 Future Perspective for Water Scarcity Challenges in Northern Nile Delta: Desalination Opportunities Omnya A. El Batrawy1, Rifaat Abdel Wahaab2, Mahmoud S. Ibrahiem1, Soliman Sorour Soliman3 and Ahmed G. Yehia3 1Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Egypt. 2Water pollution Department, National Research center, Giza, Egypt. 3Holding Company for Water and Wastewater (HCWW), Cornish El Nile, Rod El Farag, Cairo, Egypt. Received: 10 Sept. 2018 / Accepted: 15 Oct. 2018 / Publication date: 25 Oct. 2018 ABSTRACT Egypt has reached a state where the quantity of water available is imposing limits on its national economic development. Governments all over the world pay more attention to freshwater resources as they become either increasingly scarce or at threat due to flooding. The study aims to give highlight on the situation and quality of water within the Rosetta branch and the quality of produced drinking water at the same study area with a proposal of the desalination of Northern Delta lakes water as alternative drinking water supply for Edku and Burullus area. Water quality investigation, water demand analysis and remote sensing study of the Edku and Burullus area have shown a great increase in the water demand concurrently with significant changes in land uses. The quality of drinking water pointed to deterioration regard to the WQI scale that attributes to increase in population, urbanization and industrialization. Discharges from domestic wastewater, agriculture drainage and fish cages along the Rosetta branch can lead to an excessive increase of pollutants concentration in the water bodies especially during the low water requirement period in winter.
    [Show full text]
  • Alarming Coastal Vulnerability of the Deltaic and Sandy Beaches of North
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Alarming coastal vulnerability of the deltaic and sandy beaches of North Africa Abderraouf Hzami1, Essam Heggy 2,3*, Oula Amrouni4, Gil Mahé5, Mohamed Maanan6 & Saâdi Abdeljaouad1 The arid coasts of North Africa, extending over 4633 km from the Gulf of Tunis to the Nile Delta, are undergoing pronounced shoreline retreats and coastal foodings that are reported as a consequence of the ongoing sea level rise resulting from global warming. Of particular interest are the abnormal shoreline dynamics for deltaic and sandy beaches, which are severely impacted by abrupt decadal variabilities in both climatic and anthropogenic drivers resulting in their increased vulnerability to disturbances from coastal hazards. Unfortunately, the evolution, distribution and impacts of these drivers remain largely unquantifed, let alone understood, for these extensive arid coasts that harbor the major portion of North Africa’s population as well as unique and fragile marine ecosystems. To address this defciency, we use GIS-based multi-criteria approaches combined with analytic hierarchy process to map the Coastal Vulnerability Index and the Socioeconomic Vulnerability Index along these coasts to investigate the amplitude and extent of shoreline deterioration resulting from sudden fuctuations in sediment transport to the coastline. We use the western bay of the Gulf of Tunis, the coasts of Tripoli and the Nile Delta as three validation sites for our vulnerability assessment. The statistical Integrated Coastal Vulnerability Index map reveals that 47% of arid North African coasts are characterized by high to very high vulnerability. In particular, we observe that the densely populated deltaic coasts in both Tunisia and Egypt are 70% more vulnerable than any others coast in the eastern Mediterranean Basin.
    [Show full text]
  • The Last Revolt of Bashmūr (831 A.D.) in Coptic and Syriac Historiography
    Chapter 9 The Last Revolt of Bashmūr (831 a.d.) in Coptic and Syriac Historiography Myriam Wissa In 831 A.D., parts of the Muslim and Coptic population in Egypt undertook a major uprising against Abbasid domination and against an oppressive caliphal tax regime in the provinces. The rebellion was aggressively put down by the Abbasid governor in most of Egypt with the exception of the region of Bashmūr. Here, in the northern Nile Delta, Copts were to continue to heavily resisting central rule for a long period. The conflict had revolved around temporal and spiritual powers and was the religious-political issue of the time. Earlier studies devoted to the events have invariably dealt with the onerous Abbasid tax regime as a main reason for the rebellion, which in its aftermath resulted in sizeable conversions to Islam in all of Egypt. In the following, I will focus on another aspect, which is the role of arbitration by the Coptic and Syr- iac patriarchs, Yūsāb i and Dionysius, in the handling of the conflict. My object of study is the processes of conciliation and the post-conflict outcome (forced migration, deportations and displacements?) as depicted in the Coptic and Syriac narratives of two central historiographical works, the History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria on the one hand, and the History of Dionysius of Tell Mahre on the other.1 1 Coptic and Syriac Historiography: A Note on the Sources Historical accounts written in Coptic or Syriac contribute important details on the situation of individuals, non-Muslims (dhimmīs) and Muslims alike, under caliphal rule.
    [Show full text]
  • Arab Republic of Egypt
    Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency Nature Conservation Sector Action Plan for Implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Programme of Work on Protected Areas Arab Republic of Egypt Submitted to the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity March, 2012 By Dr. Khaled Allam HARHASH Table of contents: PoWPA Focal Point................................................................................................................................. 7 Lead implementing agency ...................................................................................................................... 7 Multi-stakeholder committee ................................................................................................................... 7 National Targets and Vision for Protected Areas ...................................................................................... 8 Coverage ................................................................................................................................................. 9 Description and background .................................................................................................................... 9 Governance types .................................................................................................................................... 9 Key threats .............................................................................................................................................. 9 Barriers
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Burullus Local Food Security and Biodiversity Under Pressure
    Lake Burullus Local Food Security and Biodiversity under Pressure Henk Zingstra Final Report The Centre for Development Innovation, part of Wageningen UR (Wageningen University & Research centre) works on processes of innovation and change in the areas of secure and healthy food, adaptive agriculture, sustainable markets and ecosystem governance. It is an interdisciplinary and internationally focused unit of Wageningen UR within the Social Sciences Group. Through facilitating innovation, brokering knowledge and supporting capacity development, our group of 60 staff help to link Wageningen UR’s expertise to the global challenges of sustainable and equitable development. The Centre for Development Innovation works to inspire new forms of learning and collaboration between citizens, governments, businesses, NGOs and the scientific community. More information: www.wageningenUR.nl/cdi Innovation & Change Ecosystem Governance Adaptive Agriculture Sustainable Markets Food & Nutrition Security Conflict, Disaster & Reconstruction Project BO-10-011-124, Lake Burullus: Towards an integrated approach of the wise use of wetlands, sustainable water resources management and agricultural development in Egypt This project was financially supported through the Policy Support Programme of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands. Lake Burullus Local Food Security and Biodiversity under Pressure Henk Zingstra Project Report December 2013 Project code BO-10-011-124 Report number CDI-13-037 Centre for Development Innovation, Wageningen UR Lake Burullus Local Food Security and Biodiversity under Pressure Zingstra, H.L. December 2013 Centre for Development Innovation, Wageningen UR (University & Research centre) The overall objective of the project is to support the State Ministry of Environmental Affairs of Egypt in its task to protect and manage the Lake Burullus and to halt the ongoing deterioration of the condition of this important Lake which is designated as a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention.
    [Show full text]
  • Protected Areas of Egypt: Towards the Future
    TA TA TA PROTECTEDAREAS OFEGYPT: TOWARDSTHEFUTURE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency Nature Conservation Sector June 2006 protectedareas ofegypt: towardsthefuture Technical support provided by: NCSCB and IUCN Financial support provided by: Italian Development Cooperation, UNDP, IUCN Protected Areas of Egypt: Towards the Future Prepared and published by: Nature Conservation Sector Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs 30 Misr Helwan El Zarai Road Maadi, Cairo, EGYPT Tel: (202) 5248792 Fax: (202) 5271391 www.eeaa.gov.eg Supervisor: Dr. Moustafa Fouda, Director, Nature Conservation Sector Text preparation: Mary Megalli, with contributions from Mindy and Sherif Baha El Din, John Grainger, and NCS staff Picture credits: Dan Paleczny - DP Gabriel Mikhael - GM Mary Magali - MM Mike James - MJ Mindy Baha El Din - MBD Nature Conservation Sector- NCS Omar Atum - OA Sherif Baha El Din - SBD Tarek Amin - TA Cover photograph courtesy of Mary Megali Design and layout: Joanne Cunningham Technical support provided by: NCSCB and IUCN Financial support provided by: Italian Development Cooperation, UNDP, IUCN NCS 2006 © The text of this publication may be produced in whole or in part and in any form for educational and nonprofit uses, without special permission, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The NCS would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this report as a source. No use of this publication may be made
    [Show full text]
  • From Al-Andalus to Khurasan Islamic History and Civilization
    FROM AL-ANDALUS TO KHURASAN ISLAMIC HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION STUDIES AND TEXTS edited by WADAD KADI AND ROTRAUD WIELANDT VOLUME 66 FROM AL-ANDALUS TO KHURASAN Documents from the Medieval Muslim World EDITED BY PETRA M. SIJPESTEIJN LENNART SUNDELIN SOFÍA TORALLAS TOVAR AMALIA ZOMEÑO LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 On the cover: “Legacy. Document 32975. Caja C-027 (26) reproduced with the permission from the Biblioteca del Hospital Real (Universidad de Granada)” (Plate 2, p. 75). This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data From al-Andalus to Khurasan : documents from the medieval Muslim world / edited by Petra M. Sijpesteijn ... [et al.]. p. cm. — (Islamic history and civilization ; v. 66) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN-13: 978-90-04-15567-1 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 90-04-15567-8 (alk. paper) 1. Civilization, Islamic—Sources. I. Sijpesteijn, Petra. II. Title. III. Series. DS36.855.F76 2006 956’.014—dc22 2006043095 ISSN 0929-2403 ISBN-13: 978-90-04-15567-1 ISBN-10: 90-04-15567-8 © Copyright 2007 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers MA 01923, USA.
    [Show full text]