H2558 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE April 14, 2010 fact of the matter is the tax cuts that HONORING MIAMI CHILDREN’S MU- Clara Rona still remembers the smell of were passed by the previous adminis- SEUM ON THE OCCASION OF ITS human flesh being incinerated at Auschwitz, tration are going to expire at the end 25TH ANNIVERSARY seeing smoke wafting through the air and knowing it was somebody’s mother. of this year and the Democrats are (Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN asked and was She won’t allow herself to forget a mo- going to let them expire, which means given permission to address the House ment—not the beatings, the hunger, or the that in effect all those taxes are going for 1 minute and to revise and extend baby who was killed in a toilet in her pres- to go up. That is a tax increase. her remarks.) ence. At age 89, the West Toledo woman still Mr. Volcker, who was in the Carter Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I talks openly about the horrors of which hu- rise to honor the Miami Children’s Mu- manity is capable. administration and raised interest And yet. 1 seum as it celebrates its 25th anniver- rates to 21 ⁄2 percent that put this ‘‘I wish I had dementia,’’ she says, pleading country into a real economic spiral, he sary as an invaluable educational and in her Hungarian accent. ‘‘I don’t want to re- is now saying that we are going to need cultural center in my district in South member.’’ a VAT tax, a value-added tax of about Florida. I would like to recognize the Between 150,000 and 170,000 survivors of the 15 to 20 percent, which they are going museum’s stellar leadership team, in- Holocaust probably remain in this country, to probably try to push through after cluding its chairman, Jeff Berkowitz, according to the United States Holocaust and its executive director, Deborah Memorial Museum, and there are fewer than the election. And a VAT tax of 20 per- a dozen believed to live in the Toledo area. cent would mean if you buy a $10,000 Spiegelman. Since 1983, the Miami Children’s Mu- All face the same dilemma: How to balance car it is going to cost you $12,000 be- seum has fostered an environment for the responsibility of being the last living cause you have a $2,000 additional tax active learning and creative play for threads to the systematic killing of 6 million tacked on. Jews with the pain of memory. children of all ages. Thanks to the vi- Today is Yom HaShoah, or Holocaust Re- This is a tax and spend administra- sionary leadership of Jeff and Deborah, membrance Day. Now and in the days to tion. We have the biggest deficits in as well as the dedication of the muse- come people will gather at events to urge the the history of the United States. And um’s staff and volunteers, the facility world, ‘‘Never again! Never forget!’’ when I hear my colleagues talking is now one of the 10 largest children’s But Rena Mann won’t be among them. about all the good things they are museums in the United States. The The 83-year-old has never opened up to doing for America, I wish they would museum is also a leader in cutting-edge anyone—not her late husband nor her chil- look at the unemployment rate and children’s programming on topics such dren—about what she endured in two con- centration camps during World War II. look at what people are taking out of as environmental conservation, green Maybe it’s because it hurts too much. Or their salaries and what this country is technologies, and financial literacy. maybe it’s because she’s afraid the world going through economically. It ain’t As a grandmother, I know firsthand doesn’t want to know. what they are saying. how important the Miami Children’s ‘‘Do people care?,’’ the Sylvania Township Museum is for parents and educators woman asked. ‘‘On the one hand I don’t want f seeking a safe and fun learning envi- it to be forgotten, and on the other hand I ronment for their children. I wish feel that people are really, in the future, not much success to the Miami Children’s going to care.’’ THE START TREATY AND Museum as it works toward the next 25 PAIN AND SUFFERING NUCLEAR POSTURE REVIEW years of service to our South Florida Born in Berlin, Mrs. Mann was 12 and liv- (Ms. LORETTA SANCHEZ of Cali- community. ing in Poland when the war began. After her fornia asked and was given permission mother died of blood poisoning and her step- f father was trapped in a newly formed ghetto, to address the House for 1 minute and HOLOCAUST REMEMBRANCE DAY she was sent to stay with family in another to revise and extend her remarks.) town. (Ms. KAPTUR asked and was given Ms. LORETTA SANCHEZ of Cali- This was no death camp, but already the permission to address the House for 1 terror had begun. She remembers being fornia. Mr. Speaker, I am here to rec- minute.) ognize the new START treaty that was awakened in the night and sent to the mar- Ms. KAPTUR. Mr. Speaker, our coun- ket to watch Jews being hanged. Their recently signed by President Obama try observed Yom HaShoah, or Holo- crime? Baking bread, which was forbidden. and the Russian President and the re- caust Remembrance Day, this past ‘‘As an example they were hung, and we all cently released 2010 Nuclear Posture Sunday, which recalls the global trag- had to watch it,’’ Mrs. Mann said. Review. edy of state-sponsored systemic annihi- Before she turned 14, Mrs. Maim was sent away to a factory and forced into slave I believe it is important to realize lation and persecution of European labor. It was hard work involving water and that the Cold War is over, and it is Jewry by Nazi Germany and its col- spools of flax that left her fingers and feet time to align our nuclear policy with laborators as well as millions more frostbitten. the new generation of security threats. deaths of people who were of Roma ex- Mostly what she remembers is the hunger. The biggest threat facing our country traction, the disabled, Slavic peoples, There was a bit of bread that was supposed today is having nuclear materials fall homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and to last three days and some potato soup at into the hands of an organization potential dissidents. night that might not have any potato at all. ‘‘We got, like we used to say, too much to called al Qaeda. History has shown I would like to include in the RECORD an article from the Toledo Blade in our die from and too little to exist,’’ Mrs. Mann that building our nuclear stockpile has said. not deterred al Qaeda and other actors district, a front-page story last Sunday Two years later she moved to another from trying to gain nuclear capabili- entitled ‘‘Survivors Urge World to camp, where she slept in an abandoned fac- ties. Never Forget Horror,’’ which recounts tory with broken windows, no water or pri- the story of some of the heroic sur- vacy, and vicious guards who would kick and What we do need to do is to take vivors in our district in Ohio. push. A Polish song written by her smart steps to prevent the spread of In our country, 150,000 to 170,000 sur- girlfriends still resounds in her head. It con- nuclear weapons to those enemies and vivors remain today. The horror of the cludes: secure vulnerable nuclear materials Holocaust has affected countless souls Who knows if I’ll ever see / My mother’s from those who want to get their hands across this globe. Our district is home tender home. / This is a song of despair, / Of Jewish pain and suffering. on that to do us harm. I believe the to persevering survivors like Mrs. new START treaty and the 2010 Nu- ‘‘That song is always with me and I don’t Clara Rona, whose words I will place in want to take it with me to my grave,’’ Mrs. clear Posture Review are important the RECORD today, and so many others Mann said. steps in the right direction. who never should have had to make She never talked about the four years she It is also important to note that this sacrifice, but she remains a woman spent in camps before being liberated in 1945. America still has a very robust nuclear of hope. No one really asked. ‘‘I am actually a coward,’’ she said. ‘‘It’s arsenal, and that as we work towards a [From toledoblade.com, Apr. 11, 2010] true. Because I am pushing it away, or have nuclear-free world we will not take any SURVIVORS URGE WORLD TO NEVER FORGET been pushing it away.’’ action that would put our security at (By Ryan E. Smith) Maybe now, though, after all these years, risk. Our country will be more, not less Living through the Holocaust was one the pain is far enough behind her that she secure from these new initiatives. thing. Remembering it is another. can let it out.

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EYEWITNESSES sacks of cement while surviving on bits of immediately sent to the crematorium—re- Mrs. Mann isn’t alone in her hesitation, ac- bread actually seemed like a reprieve. calls a trinity of terror: the German guard cording to Arthur Berger, senior adviser at ‘‘At least death wasn’t surrounding us,’’ who stood threatening with a rifle butt, the the United States Holocaust Memorial Mu- Dr. Wajskol said. ‘‘We knew they needed us. civilian supervisor with a whip, and the fel- seum in Washington. But as survivors con- We were productive for them.’’ low inmate in charge of the group armed tinue to die at a rapid rate, it becomes more To keep himself going, Dr. Wajskol imag- with a stick. and more crucial to record their stories—in ined that there would be an end to all of this ‘‘Everybody was yelling ‘Arbeit! Arbeit!’ print or on video but also in person, he said. one day, that he could go back to school, Work! Work! Work! If you stop for a while to ‘‘Nothing compares to a real person telling that he would see his mother and sister take a breath, one of those three objects will you about their own lives,’’ Mr. Berger said. again. His sister managed to survive but had come over your head.’’ ‘‘No one can replace the survivors. No one, to watch her mother be sent to the gas It was not sustainable and his father even- can replace the eyewitnesses to history.’’ chamber. tually succumbed while moving to another Rolf Hess, 75, of Holland was one of those This continued for 10 months until he was camp. It was just a week before the group eyewitnesses, but he never spoke of what evacuated to the Buchenwald concentration was liberated. happened during the war until last year camp due to the Soviet advance. After spend- ‘‘My father was weak, could not walk. I when a granddaughter interviewed him for a ing five days locked up in a crowded cattle tried to get him with my shoulders but the school project about his experience as an im- car with no food or water, where he had no German guard said ‘No, you can’t do that be- migrant. choice but to sit on a dead body, he was re- cause after a while then you’ll be weak,’ ’’ ‘‘That sort of opened up a can of worms on leased to something even more frightening: Mr. Negrin said. ‘‘I left him in the side of the street. I my part,’’ he said. ‘‘It has been in the past, SS guards with skulls on their caps, terri- kissed him good-bye, and that’s the last time and it still is, a very difficult thing.’’ fying German shepherds, and the skeletal I saw him.’’ The native of Germany was not even 5 faces of the prisoners. years old when the Nazis invaded Poland in ‘‘It looked like a nightmare,’’ he said. ‘HE NEVER TALKS ABOUT IT’ 1939. Yet he has vivid, emotional memories Here he learned the pain of standing for Norman Gudelman, 78, went about sharing of being separated from his mother after hours in the penetrating cold of winter with- his story in another way. He wrote it down. they were taken to a camp and split up from out socks or underwear. In a subcamp where It took more than six decades and some his father. his first job was to even out rocks for a prodding from his wife, but he finally took ‘‘We were at a train station, just my moth- steam roller, he came to understand the Nazi his suffering and made it tangible. The result er and I,’’ he said, voice cracking. ‘‘That I re- goal of ‘‘annihilation through work.’’ is a sprawling letter to his children on the member. And she gave me a little book that Before long, he was on the move again, this occasion of his 75th birthday. It covers ev- I still have with some pertinent information, time on foot to escape the approaching erything from his youth in modern-day with my birth date.’’ Americans. Moldova to his escape to Palestine after the To this day he doesn’t know what hap- ‘‘This was a real, real death march,’’ Dr. war to his arrival in America. pened to his family. All he remembers is Wajskol said. Mr. Gudelman of Sylvania Township re- rummaging through garbage at a children’s They marched through patches of snow members being carefree as a youth, despite camp looking for food and being scared to from dawn until the evening, always under the anti-Semitism that was prevalent around death, even after escaping to America in 1942 the watchful eye of the SS, who were ready him. His restaurant-owning parents shielded with other children as a refugee. to shoot the slow or weak. Still, Dr. Wajskol him from the world’s hate, at least until the ‘‘I can remember in Cleveland where I was and a friend managed to escape, dashing into Soviets arrived in 1940, arresting and exe- out in the backyard and I heard an airplane the forest and running until they were out of cuting Jews and banishing others to Siberia. and I scurried underneath a bench for protec- breath. When Romanian forces returned in 1941 tion,’’ he said. Dr. Wajskol will never forget how he felt with the Germans, things were no better. Only recently has he started investigating once the war was over. ‘‘Romanian soldiers came to our house, 1 and ordered all the Jews out,’’ Mr. Gudelman his own past to fill in the gaps of his mem- ‘‘Feeling free after 5 ⁄2 years of slavery, ory. playing with death constantly, I can’t de- wrote in his letter. ‘‘Start walking. Leave ‘‘I finally have come to grips with the scribe it with normal language,’’ he said. the home, the business, our possessions and whole situation,’’ he said. But he tries. He has told his story to high go.’’ school students and traveled to his old home He was 10 years old then. Today, Mr. ‘DYING IN SLOW MOTION’ in Poland with his wife and son. Gudelman is happy to talk about his experi- For Dr. Aron Wajskol, 85, of West Toledo, ‘‘In the beginning it was very hard to re- ence during the war, but there’s a sense he’d the question has never been whether to share vive all these things,’’ he said. ‘‘[But] I prefer to defer to his written statement than his horrible story—the way his starving fa- strongly believe that it’s important to talk relive—yet again—what happened in too ther died in a ghetto, how his mother per- about it, make people aware of it, because of much detail. ished at the death camp Auschwitz, how he the enormity of what happened.’’ ‘‘He never talks about it,’’ said his wife, nearly succumbed to the bone-crushing work Fanny. ‘‘I don’t ask questions. I want it [to] of concentration camps. TRINITY OF TERROR come from him.’’ For him, the question was how. How do As director of the Ruth Fajerman When he does speak, Mr. Gudelman can tell you make someone understand what it was Markowicz Holocaust Resource Center of you about how the group marched endlessly like? Greater Toledo, Hindea Markowicz knows from one camp to another, begging for food ‘‘Its like describing being on the moon,’’ about the importance of preserving this his- when there was a chance to slip away. In the the retired anesthesiologist said. ‘‘Hearing tory. As the daughter-in-law of Holocaust camps, they crowded into windowless rooms about the facts and truly understanding the survivors, she feels it too. and slept on cement floors. facts are different things.’’ ‘‘I have worries because history in the ‘‘They wanted to get rid of us,’’ he said. The son of a textile factory worker in cen- schools is being taught so differently,’’ she It worked. He and his sister were orphaned tral Poland, Dr. Wajskol remembers the re- said. ‘‘It’s lucky if they have a paragraph in- within a year or two strictions that went into effect within days cluded in the history books.’’ That may be what saved them. When the of Germany invading his country. His fa- The resource center, housed in the offices Soviets returned and chased the German and ther’s job was taken away. His school was of the United Jewish Council of Greater To- Romanian armies out, orphans were sent to closed. Jews were forbidden from using pub- ledo in Sylvania, on the other hand, features ghettos to stay with Jewish families, Mr. lic transportation and forced to wear Stars hundreds of books and other educational ma- Gudelman said. From there, he eventually of David to distinguish them from non-Jews. terials. There are videos of local survivors made his way to the future state of Israel. ‘‘Many families who could afford [to] fled and a book written by her father-in-law, Thanks to a relative in Toledo, Mr. Europe,’’ Dr. Wajskol said. ‘‘Mine couldn’t.’’ Philip Markowicz, called My Three Lives, Gudelman ultimately came here and became Within months, the city’s Jewish popu- which includes his experiences during the president of State Paper & Metal Co., Inc. lation was forced out of its homes and Holocaust. He decided to write all this down for pos- squeezed into a tiny ghetto. It had no sewer It’s one thing to read about these events in terity, he said, because, ‘‘sooner or later I’m system and little running water. People were books, quite another to hear about them going to forget, or sooner or later I’m going dying in the streets of starvation—Dr. from someone in person. That’s why Mr. to pass away.’’ Wajskol calls it ‘‘dying in slow motion’’—and Markowicz, 86, of Sylvania has told his tale His letter’s massage is simple: ‘‘Maybe in corpses went unburied for days. and why Sylvania Township resident Al your lifetime you will read books about the ‘‘Even in death it was suffering,’’ said Dr. Negrin speaks to students in Florida, where unbelievable cruelty of those times. Believe Wajskol, who was 17 at the time. he spends the winter. them.’’ His father was among those wasting away, ‘‘I talk because I want people to know FINDING HOPE and he eventually died of tuberculosis. what was going on, so they have a chance, if Then there’s Mrs. Rona, who insists on All the while, Jew were rounded up and de- something happens again, to prevent it,’’ picking away at the scabs of the past. ported. At first for work, later for extermi- said the 86-year-old from Greece. ‘‘I want to remind myself,’’ she said. ‘‘They nation. When Dr. Wajskol was taken to a Mr. Negrin—whose mother, brother, and say I’m a masochist—my friends, my psy- labor camp in 1944, hauling around 110-pound sister went with him to Auschwitz but were chologist.’’

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:34 Jul 08, 2010 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORD10\RECFILES\H14AP0.REC H14AP0 mmaher on DSKD5P82C1PROD with CONG-REC-ONLINE H2560 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE April 14, 2010 Her reminiscences rarely come without a Mr. CULBERSON. Mr. Speaker, the ally succeed. Canceling NASA’s human space few tears, but maybe it’s for the best. Democrat Congress and this President operations, after 50 years of unparalleled ‘‘When I’m crying, really it’s good for me,’’ have presided over the biggest spending achievement, makes that objective impos- she said. increases in American history, created sible. The only child of a butcher in Pecs, Hun- One of the greatest fears of any generation gary, Mrs. Rona wanted to be an art teacher, more debt than any Congress in the is not leaving things better for the young but those plans were scuttled when the Ger- history of the United States, and people of the next. In the area of human mans invaded. Her family was relocated from passed unprecedented tax increases, so space flight, we are about to realize that its large house, and at one point they were it’s not credible to claim they’re cut- fear; your NASA budget proposal raises more living in a stable. Later they were among ting taxes. questions about our future in space than it those taken to Auschwitz, 80 people squeezed And there’s near unanimous opposi- answers. into each rail car. tion in this Congress to the President’s Too many men and women have worked Mrs. Rona was 23—tough, young, and proposal to cancel America’s manned too hard and sacrificed too much to achieve America’s preeminence in space, only to see strong—but also naive. All she brought was a space program. What the President’s change of clothes and a bottle of cologne, that effort needlessly thrown away. We urge which she used to wash her mother when she proposing would be like privatizing the you to demonstrate the vision and deter- fainted. Mrs. Rona still regrets that she United States Navy. mination necessary to keep our nation at the never traded the latter for water despite her Imagine if America had to call up a forefront of human space exploration with mother’s pleas. private contractor and ask if we could ambitious goals and the proper resources to ‘‘I feel guilty,’’ she said. ‘‘I cannot forgive rent the aircraft carrier Harry Truman see them through. This is not the time to myself.’’ to go to the Red Sea for a week. That’s abandon the promise of the space frontier for It was night when they arrived and they what the President’s proposing on the a lack of will or an unwillingness to pay the were divided into two lines. Her mother and manned space program. That’s why price. aunt went to the left—‘‘straight to the gas,’’ Sincerely, in hopes of continued American there’s unanimous opposition. leadership in human space exploration. Mrs. Rona said. Her father was transferred to And, Mr. Speaker, 27 astronauts and another concentration camp and later died. Walter Cunningham, Apollo 7; Chris Mrs. Rona divided her time between sev- NASA leaders have joined together in a Kraft, Past Director JSC; Jack Lousma, eral camps and remembers it as a dazed expe- magnificent letter they published in Skylab 3, STS3; Vance Brand, Apollo- rience. the Orlando Sentinel on Sunday, that Soyuz, STS–5, STS–41B, STS–35; Bob ‘‘You think about food, but nothing else. strongly urges the Congress to drop Crippen, STS–1, STS–7, STS–41C, STS– You become like an animal,’’ she said. ‘‘One this misguided proposal that forces 41G, Past Director KSC; Michael D. Grif- spoon of soup means one day’s survival. NASA out of human space operations fin, Past NASA Administrator; Ed Gib- ‘‘There was electric wire. Some people ran son, Skylab 4; Jim Kennedy, Past Direc- for the foreseeable future. They said, tor KSC; Alan Bean, Apollo 12, Skylab 3; into it because they couldn’t take it and Canceling NASA’s human space oper- they got killed,’’ she continued. Alfred M. Worden, Apollo 15; Scott Car- Mrs. Rona, who found out after the war ations, after 50 years of unparalleled penter, Mercury Astronaut; Glynn that she could not bear children, is certain achievement, makes America mediocre Lunney, Gemini-Apollo Flight Director; that it is the result of her treatment during and will eliminate our leadership in Jim McDivitt, Gemini 4, Apollo 9, Apollo the war. None of the women in the camp space. Spacecraft Program Manager; Gene Kranz, Gemini-Apollo Flight Director, menstruated, she said. [From the Orlando Sentinel, Apr. 11, 2010] When one woman gave birth to a child in Past Director NASA Mission Ops.; Joe DEAR PRESIDENT OBAMA: America is faced the camp, Mrs. Rona said she was forced to Kerwin, Skylab 2; Fred Haise, Apollo 13, with the near-simultaneous ending of the be present as it was put in a toilet by fellow Shuttle Landing Tests; Gerald Carr, Shuttle program and your recent budget pro- prisoners. Otherwise, both the mother and Skylab 4; Jim Lovell, Gemini 7, Gemini posal to cancel the Constellation program. baby would have been executed, she said. 12, Apollo 8, Apollo 13; Jake Garn, STS– This is wrong for our country for many rea- When the camp was evacuated in April, 51D, U.S. Senator; Charlie Duke, Apollo sons. We are very concerned about America 1945, as the end of the war approached, Mrs. 16; Bruce McCandless, STS–41B, STS–31; ceding its hard earned global leadership in Rona said she was in no shape for walking. Frank Borman, Gemini 7, Apollo 8; Paul space technology to other nations. We are Desperate, she and another woman hid in the Weitz, Skylab 2, STS–6; George Mueller, stunned that, in a time of economic crisis, rain under some bushes and simply waited Past Associate Administrator For Manned this move will force as many as 30,000 irre- for the group to head off before dawn. Space Flight; Harrison Schmitt, Apollo placeable engineers and managers out of the When she finally made her way to safety in 17, U.S. Senator; Gene Cernan, Gemini 9, space industry. We see our human explo- Prague, Mrs. Rona estimates that she Apollo 10, Apollo 17; Dick Gordon, Gem- ration program, one of the most inspira- weighed about 50 pounds. She went back ini 11, Apollo 12. tional tools to promote science, technology, home hoping to find her father, but he was engineering and math to our young people, f gone forever—along with more than 50 other being reduced to mediocrity. NASA’s human family members. Only three cousins sur- SPECIAL ORDERS space program has inspired awe and wonder vived. in all ages by pursuing the American tradi- The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. ‘‘I was so angry,’’ she said. ‘‘Still the ´ tion of exploring the unknown. LUJAN). Under the Speaker’s an- anger, it’s burned me.’’ We strongly urge you to drop this mis- nounced policy of January 6, 2009, and Even as she left for Palestine and made her guided proposal that forces NASA out of under a previous order of the House, way to Toledo, where she worked with chil- human space operations for the foreseeable dren at the Jewish Community Center of the following Members will be recog- future. nized for 5 minutes each. Greater Toledo, that anger never left. For those of us who have accepted the risk How could it when there were mass and dedicated a portion of our lives to the f killings in the former Yugoslavia? Rwanda? exploration of outer space, this is a terrible The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a Darfur? decision. Our experiences were made possible previous order of the House, the gen- ‘‘I thought after, when we got freed, the by the efforts of thousands who were simi- tleman from Texas (Mr. POE) is recog- world will be so beautiful. They’ll learn,’’ she larly dedicated to the exploration of the last nized for 5 minutes. said. ‘‘They didn’t because it’s repeating the frontier. Success in this great national ad- same things somewhere else in a different (Mr. POE of Texas addressed the venture was predicated on well defined pro- House. His remarks will appear here- way.’’ grams, an unwavering national commitment, And yet. and an ambitious challenge. We understand after in the Extensions of Remarks.) Mrs. Rona still speaks, making public her there are risks involved in human space f private hell. She does this because 65 years flight, but they are calculated risks for wor- after the Holocaust she still has something RECOGNIZING THE JAY I. KISLAK thy goals, whose benefits greatly exceed COLLECTION AND LECTURE SE- that can offset the pain: those risks. Hope. America’s greatness lies in her people: she RIES f will always have men and women willing to The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a ride rockets into the heavens. America’s previous order of the House, the gentle- DO NOT CANCEL AMERICA’S challenge is to match their bravery and ac- woman from Florida (Ms. ROS- MANNED SPACE PROGRAM ceptance of risk with specific plans and goals worthy of their commitment. NASA must LEHTINEN) is recognized for 5 minutes. (Mr. CULBERSON asked and was continue at the frontiers of human space ex- Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I given permission to address the House ploration in order to develop the technology rise tonight to acknowledge the con- for 1 minute and to revise and extend and set the standards of excellence that will tributions of a humanitarian and phi- his remarks.) enable commercial space ventures to eventu- lanthropist from my area of South

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