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Spatiotemporal Pattern of Phenology Across Geographic Gradients in Insects
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2017 Spatiotemporal pattern of phenology across geographic gradients in insects Khelifa, Rassim Abstract: Phenology – the timing of recurrent biological events – influences nearly all aspects of ecology and evolution. Phenological shifts have been recorded in a wide range of animals and plants worldwide during the past few decades. Although the phenological responses differ between taxa, they may also vary geographically, especially along gradients such as latitude or elevation. Since changes in phenology have been shown to affect ecology, evolution, human health and the economy, understanding pheno- logical shifts has become a priority. Although phenological shifts have been associated with changes in temperature, there is still little comprehension of the phenology-temperature relationship, particularly the mechanisms influencing its strength and the extent to which it varies geographically. Such ques- tions would ideally be addressed by combining controlled laboratory experiments on thermal response with long-term observational datasets and historical temperature records. Here, I used odonates (drag- onflies and damselflies) and Sepsid scavenger flies to unravel how temperature affects development and phenology at different latitudes and elevations. The main purpose of this thesis is to provide essential knowledge on the factors driving the spatiotemporal phenological dynamics by (1) investigating how phenology changed in time and space across latitude and elevation in northcentral Europe during the past three decades, (2) assessing potential temporal changes in thermal sensitivity of phenology and (3) describing the geographic pattern and usefulness of thermal performance curves in predicting natural responses. -
The Complexity of Male Reproductive Success: Effects of Nutrition, Morphology, and Experience Downloaded From
Behavioral The official journal of the ISBE Ecology International Society for Behavioral Ecology Behavioral Ecology (2015), 26(2), 617–624. doi:10.1093/beheco/aru240 Original Article The complexity of male reproductive success: effects of nutrition, morphology, and experience Downloaded from Claudia Fricke, Margo I. Adler, Robert C. Brooks, and Russell Bonduriansky Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Biological Science Building (D26), University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/ Received 1 July 2014; revised 12 December 2014; accepted 18 December 2014; Advance Access publication 3 February 2015. Many studies have attempted to account for variation in male reproductive success by quantifying a single trait such as an ornament or a behavior, but male reproductive performance may be determined by a number of interacting traits. Although developmental nutri- tion is often a major determinant of adult body size and secondary sexual trait expression, other factors—such as residual shape variation and prior experience—may also exert independent effects on male reproductive success. Here, we studied how male sexual- trait expression, as manipulated by larval diet quality, and experience in direct male–male competition, affected male reproductive success in the sexually dimorphic neriid flyTelostylinus angusticollis. Among competing males matched by body size, individuals with at University of New South Wales on March 29, 2015 relatively longer antennae (used as weapons) were more likely to win and also achieved matings faster. Unexpectedly, males reared on a poor larval diet and those that had previously lost in male–male combat appeared to invest more in some aspects of reproduc- tion as indicated by a longer mating duration and a higher subsequent egg-hatching rate. -
New and Interesting Records of Diptera on Glacial Sand Deposits in Silesia (NE Czech Republic)
ISSN 2336-3193 Acta Mus. Siles. Sci. Natur., 69: 1-19, 2020 DOI: 10.2478/cszma-2020-0001 Published: online 31 March 2020, print March 2020 New and interesting records of Diptera on glacial sand deposits in Silesia (NE Czech Republic). Part 1 - Acalyptratae Jindřich Roháček, Miloš Černý, Martin J. Ebejer & Štěpán Kubík New and interesting records of Diptera on glacial sand deposits in Silesia (NE Czech Republic). Part 1 - Acalyptratae. – Acta Mus. Siles. Sci. Natur. 69: 1-19, 2020. Abstract: Records of 18 species of the families Micropezidae (1 species), Lonchaeidae (1 species), Lauxaniidae (1 species), Chamaemyiidae (6 species), Agromyzidae (6 species) and Chloropidae (3 species) from glacial sand deposits in the Czech Silesia (NE Czech Republic) are presented and their association with sandy habitats is discussed. All of them are recorded from the Czech Silesia for the first time, 4 are new additions to the fauna of Moravia and 9 for the whole Czech Republic. None of the recorded species is psammobiont but five of them are classified as psammophilous, viz. Micro- peza lateralis Meigen, 1826 (Micropezidae), Calliopum geniculatum (Fabricius, 1805) (Lauxaniidae), Cerodontha (Xenophytomyza) leptophallus L. Papp, 2016, Ophiomyia disordens Pakalniškis, 1998 (both Agromyzidae), Aphanotrigonum parahastatum Dely-Draskovits, 1981 (Chloropidae), and Leucopis celsa Tanasijtshuk, 1979 as probably psammophilous. A new easternmost record of M. late- ralis (from S. Poland: Godów) is presented and the association of this species and C. geniculatum with growths of Cytisus scoparius is confirmed. Leucopis monticola Tanasijtshuk, 1961, L. celsa and A. parahastatum are recorded from northernmost known localities. These species, and also C. -
Family Hybotidae Key to Genus Adapted from Collin (1960)
Family Hybotidae key to genus adapted from Collin (1960) 1 All veins running straight to wing margin without apparent forking (except radio-cubital fork) and anal cell absent, or if present much shorter than the second basal cell. ...................................................2 Vein m always obviously forked (occasionally only soon after its base); vein r4+5 often forked. In rare cases when apparently neither of these veins is forked, the anal cell is present and longer than the second basal cell. .................................10 2 Humeri not differentiated and anal cell always absent. Head closely attached to front of thorax without a distinct 'neck'. .............................................................................3 Humeri distinctly differentiated or (in doubtful cases) anal cell present. Head attached to thorax by a distinct 'neck'. ........7 3 First basal cell decidedly shorter than second. ......................................................4 First and second basal cells equal, or almost equal, in length................................................................... .......... Genus Chersodromia 4 Veins r1 and r2+3 moderately long, the latter ending in the costa well beyond middle of the wing. ............................................................................................................5 Veins r1 and r2+3 very short, the latter ending in the costa at about middle of the wing. ....................... .......... Genus Stilpon 5 Jowls distinct below the eyes; a single pair of ocellar bristles -
UFRJ a Paleoentomofauna Brasileira
Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ www.anuario.igeo.ufrj.br A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual The Brazilian Fossil Insects: Current Scenario Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Scheler & Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências: Patrimônio Geopaleontológico, Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista s/nº, São Cristóvão, 20940-040. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Recebido em: 24/01/2018 Aprovado em: 08/03/2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2018_1_142_166 Resumo O presente trabalho fornece um panorama geral sobre o conhecimento da paleoentomologia brasileira até o presente, abordando insetos do Paleozoico, Mesozoico e Cenozoico, incluindo a atualização das espécies publicadas até o momento após a última grande revisão bibliográica, mencionando ainda as unidades geológicas em que ocorrem e os trabalhos relacionados. Palavras-chave: Paleoentomologia; insetos fósseis; Brasil Abstract This paper provides an overview of the Brazilian palaeoentomology, about insects Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, including the review of the published species at the present. It was analiyzed the geological units of occurrence and the related literature. Keywords: Palaeoentomology; fossil insects; Brazil Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ 142 ISSN 0101-9759 e-ISSN 1982-3908 - Vol. 41 - 1 / 2018 p. 142-166 A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Schefler & Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes 1 Introdução Devoniano Superior (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004). Os insetos são um dos primeiros organismos Algumas ordens como Blattodea, Hemiptera, Odonata, Ephemeroptera e Psocopera surgiram a colonizar os ambientes terrestres e aquáticos no Carbonífero com ocorrências até o recente, continentais (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004). -
First Report of Rickettsia Raoultii and R. Slovaca in Melophagus Ovinus, The
Liu et al. Parasites & Vectors (2016) 9:600 DOI 10.1186/s13071-016-1885-7 SHORT REPORT Open Access First report of Rickettsia raoultii and R. slovaca in Melophagus ovinus, the sheep ked Dan Liu1†, Yuan-Zhi Wang2†, Huan Zhang1†, Zhi-Qiang Liu3†, Ha-zi Wureli1, Shi-Wei Wang4, Chang-Chun Tu5 and Chuang-Fu Chen1* Abstract Background: Melophagus ovinus (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), a hematophagous ectoparasite, is mainly found in Europe, Northwestern Africa, and Asia. This wingless fly infests sheep, rabbits, and red foxes, and causes inflammation, wool loss and skin damage. Furthermore, this parasite has been shown to transmit diseases, and plays a role as a vector. Herein, we investigated the presence of various Rickettsia species in M. ovinus. Methods: In this study, a total of 95 sheep keds were collected in Kuqa County and Alaer City southern region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwestern China. First, collected sheep keds were identified on the species level using morphological keys and molecular methods based on a fragment of the 18S ribosomal DNA gene (18S rDNA). Thereafter, to assess the presence of rickettsial DNA in sheep keds, the DNA of individual samples was screened by PCR based on six Rickettsia-specific gene fragments originating from six genes: the 17-kilodalton antigen gene (17-kDa), 16S rRNA gene (rrs),surfacecellantigen4gene(sca4),citratesynthasegene(gltA), and outer membrane protein A and B genes (ompA and ompB). The amplified products were confirmed by sequencing and BLAST analysis (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?PROGRAM=blastn&PAGE_TYPE=BlastSearch&LINK_ LOC=blasthome). Results: According to its morphology and results of molecular analysis, the species was identified as Melophagus ovinus,with100%identitytoM. -
Britain's Robberflies – Diptera Asilidae
Britain’s Robberflies – Diptera Asilidae Malcolm Smart Asilidae – the BIG CATS of the Diptera World Adults exclusively carnivorous predators of other insects – mostly other Diptera Larvae where known are also believed to be predatory What distinguishes a Robber Fly (an Asilid) from other Diptera ??? Example based on drawings and photos of Philonicus albiceps notch Two primary characters: * Eyes separated in both sexes by a deep notch at the top of mystax the head. * There is a central clump of down-curved bristles on the face above the upper mouth edge (called the mystax). Typically large and robust Diptera with elongated bodies . The proboscis is rigid and adapted for piercing insect cuticle. Asilidae species count with examples World Britain VCs surrounding Bedford Bedfordshire VC 7000+ 29 18 13 World distribution of Asilidae Genera and Species (after F. Geller-Grim) An introduction to the British Asilidae fauna compiled using data primarily from the following sources Data held by the Soldierflies and Allies Recording Scheme run by & Distribution maps derived from it at October 2016 (15900 Asilidae records) Photographs of Asilidae submitted to Facebook for identification or comment by: Lester Wareham, Mo Richards, Graham Dash, Martin Parr, Graham Brownlow, Mark Welch Albums of Asilidae photographs submitted for public scrutiny by wildlife/ dipterist specialists: Steven Falk, Janet Graham, Ian Andrews, Gail Hampshire Pictures offered by or requested from: Nigel Jones, Martin Harvey, Alan Outen, Mike Taylor, Tim Ransom, Tim Hodge, Fritz -
ROBBER-FLIES and EMPIDS ROBBER-FLIES Asilidae. Very
ROBBER-FLIES and EMPIDS Asilus ROBBER-FLIES Asilidae. Very bristly predatory flies that head from front generally chase and catch other insects in mid-air. Most species sit in wait and dart out when likely prey appears. The prey is then sucked dry with the stout proboscis, which projects horizontally or obliquely forward. There is a deep groove between the eyes in both sexes, the eyes never touching even in males. A 'beard' on the face protects eyes from struggling prey. Legs are sturdy and have 2 pads at most. Wings folded flat over body at rest. Larvae eat some dead vegetable matter, but most are at least partly predatory and some feed mainly on beetle and fly grubs in the soil. Asilus with prey As Asi/us crabroniformis. An unmistakable fly - one of the largest in B - inhabiting open country 7-10. A very strong flier. Breeds in cow pats and other dung. Dasypogon diadema. First 2 long veins both reach wing margin: wing membrane ribbed. Front tibia has curved spine at tip. Male more uniformly black, with dark wings. 6-8 in scrubby places, especially coastal dunes. S. ;., Leptogaster cylindrica. Feet without pads. Hind femur yellow. 3rd antennal segment ends in bristle. One of the slimmest robber-flies, it resembles a crane-fly in flight. It hunts in grassy places, flying slowly and plucking aphids from the grasses. 5-8. A L. guttiventris is similar but has reddish hind femur. 85 Dioctria atricapi/la. First 2 long veins reach margin. Beard rather sparse and, as in all Oioctria species, the antennae spring from a prominence high on the head. -
Diptera) Diversity in a Patch of Costa Rican Cloud Forest: Why Inventory Is a Vital Science
Zootaxa 4402 (1): 053–090 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C2FAF702-664B-4E21-B4AE-404F85210A12 Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science ART BORKENT1, BRIAN V. BROWN2, PETER H. ADLER3, DALTON DE SOUZA AMORIM4, KEVIN BARBER5, DANIEL BICKEL6, STEPHANIE BOUCHER7, SCOTT E. BROOKS8, JOHN BURGER9, Z.L. BURINGTON10, RENATO S. CAPELLARI11, DANIEL N.R. COSTA12, JEFFREY M. CUMMING8, GREG CURLER13, CARL W. DICK14, J.H. EPLER15, ERIC FISHER16, STEPHEN D. GAIMARI17, JON GELHAUS18, DAVID A. GRIMALDI19, JOHN HASH20, MARTIN HAUSER17, HEIKKI HIPPA21, SERGIO IBÁÑEZ- BERNAL22, MATHIAS JASCHHOF23, ELENA P. KAMENEVA24, PETER H. KERR17, VALERY KORNEYEV24, CHESLAVO A. KORYTKOWSKI†, GIAR-ANN KUNG2, GUNNAR MIKALSEN KVIFTE25, OWEN LONSDALE26, STEPHEN A. MARSHALL27, WAYNE N. MATHIS28, VERNER MICHELSEN29, STEFAN NAGLIS30, ALLEN L. NORRBOM31, STEVEN PAIERO27, THOMAS PAPE32, ALESSANDRE PEREIRA- COLAVITE33, MARC POLLET34, SABRINA ROCHEFORT7, ALESSANDRA RUNG17, JUSTIN B. RUNYON35, JADE SAVAGE36, VERA C. SILVA37, BRADLEY J. SINCLAIR38, JEFFREY H. SKEVINGTON8, JOHN O. STIREMAN III10, JOHN SWANN39, PEKKA VILKAMAA40, TERRY WHEELER††, TERRY WHITWORTH41, MARIA WONG2, D. MONTY WOOD8, NORMAN WOODLEY42, TIFFANY YAU27, THOMAS J. ZAVORTINK43 & MANUEL A. ZUMBADO44 †—deceased. Formerly with the Universidad de Panama ††—deceased. Formerly at McGill University, Canada 1. Research Associate, Royal British Columbia Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, 691-8th Ave. SE, Salmon Arm, BC, V1E 2C2, Canada. Email: [email protected] 2. -
Zootaxa, Empidoidea (Diptera)
ZOOTAXA 1180 The morphology, higher-level phylogeny and classification of the Empidoidea (Diptera) BRADLEY J. SINCLAIR & JEFFREY M. CUMMING Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand BRADLEY J. SINCLAIR & JEFFREY M. CUMMING The morphology, higher-level phylogeny and classification of the Empidoidea (Diptera) (Zootaxa 1180) 172 pp.; 30 cm. 21 Apr. 2006 ISBN 1-877407-79-8 (paperback) ISBN 1-877407-80-1 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2006 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41383 Auckland 1030 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2006 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) Zootaxa 1180: 1–172 (2006) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1180 Copyright © 2006 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) The morphology, higher-level phylogeny and classification of the Empidoidea (Diptera) BRADLEY J. SINCLAIR1 & JEFFREY M. CUMMING2 1 Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Invertebrate Biodiversity, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, C.E.F., Ottawa, ON, Canada -
Insecta Diptera) in Freshwater (Excluding Simulidae, Culicidae, Chironomidae, Tipulidae and Tabanidae) Rüdiger Wagner University of Kassel
Entomology Publications Entomology 2008 Global diversity of dipteran families (Insecta Diptera) in freshwater (excluding Simulidae, Culicidae, Chironomidae, Tipulidae and Tabanidae) Rüdiger Wagner University of Kassel Miroslav Barták Czech University of Agriculture Art Borkent Salmon Arm Gregory W. Courtney Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ent_pubs BoudewPart ofijn the GoBddeeiodivrisersity Commons, Biology Commons, Entomology Commons, and the TRoyerarle Bestrlgiialan a Indnstit Aquaute of Nticat uErcaol Scienlogyce Cs ommons TheSee nex tompc page forle addte bitioniblaiol agruthorapshic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ ent_pubs/41. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Entomology Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Global diversity of dipteran families (Insecta Diptera) in freshwater (excluding Simulidae, Culicidae, Chironomidae, Tipulidae and Tabanidae) Abstract Today’s knowledge of worldwide species diversity of 19 families of aquatic Diptera in Continental Waters is presented. Nevertheless, we have to face for certain in most groups a restricted knowledge about distribution, ecology and systematic, -
Patterns and Potential Mechanisms of Thermal Preference in E. Muscae-Infected Drosophila Melanogaster
Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Honors Program Senior Projects WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship Spring 2020 Patterns and potential mechanisms of thermal preference in E. muscae-infected Drosophila melanogaster Aundrea Koger Western Washington University Carolyn Elya Ph.D. Harvard University Jamilla Akhund-Zade Ph.D. Harvard University Benjamin de Bivort Ph.D. Harvard University Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwu_honors Recommended Citation Koger, Aundrea; Elya, Carolyn Ph.D.; Akhund-Zade, Jamilla Ph.D.; and de Bivort, Benjamin Ph.D., "Patterns and potential mechanisms of thermal preference in E. muscae-infected Drosophila melanogaster" (2020). WWU Honors Program Senior Projects. 406. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwu_honors/406 This Project is brought to you for free and open access by the WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in WWU Honors Program Senior Projects by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Patterns and potential mechanisms of thermal preference in Entomophthora muscae-infected Drosophila melanogaster 1 2 2 Aundrea Koger , Carolyn Elya, Ph.D. , Jamilla Akhund-Zade, Ph.D. , and Benjamin de Bivort, Ph.D.2 1 2 Honors Program, Western Washington University, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Abstract Animals use various strategies to defend against pathogens. Behavioral fever, or fighting infection by moving to warm locations, is seen in many ectotherms. The behavior-manipulating fungal pathogen Entomophthora muscae infects numerous dipterans, including fruit flies and house flies, Musca domestica. House flies have been shown to exhibit robust behavioral fever early after exposure to E.