List of Characters
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Case of Sugawara No Michizane in the ''Nihongiryaku, Fuso Ryakki'' and the ''Gukansho''
Ideology and Historiography : The Case of Sugawara no Michizane in the ''Nihongiryaku, Fuso Ryakki'' and the ''Gukansho'' 著者 PLUTSCHOW Herbert 会議概要(会議名, Historiography and Japanese Consciousness of 開催地, 会期, 主催 Values and Norms, カリフォルニア大学 サンタ・ 者等) バーバラ校, カリフォルニア大学 ロサンゼルス校, 2001年1月 page range 133-145 year 2003-01-31 シリーズ 北米シンポジウム 2000 International Symposium in North America 2014 URL http://doi.org/10.15055/00001515 Ideology and Historiography: The Case of Sugawara no Michizane in the Nihongiryaku, Fusi Ryakki and the Gukanshd Herbert PLUTSCHOW University of California at Los Angeles To make victims into heroes is a Japanese cultural phenomenon intimately relat- ed to religion and society. It is as old as written history and survives into modem times. Victims appear as heroes in Buddhist, Shinto, and Shinto-Buddhist cults and in numer- ous works of Japanese literature, theater and the arts. In a number of articles I have pub- lished on this subject,' I tried to offer a religious interpretation, emphasizing the need to placate political victims in order to safeguard the state from their wrath. Unappeased political victims were believed to seek revenge by harming the living, causing natural calamities, provoking social discord, jeopardizing the national welfare. Beginning in the tenth century, such placation took on a national importance. Elsewhere I have tried to demonstrate that the cult of political victims forced political leaders to worship their for- mer enemies in a cult providing the religious legitimization, that is, the mainstay of their power.' The reason for this was, as I demonstrated, the attempt leaders made to control natural forces through the worship of spirits believed to influence them. -
The Shôkyû Version of the Kitano Tenjin Engi Emaki: a Brief Introduction to Its Content and Function
Eras Edition 11, November 2009 – http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/publications/eras The Shôkyû version of the Kitano Tenjin engi emaki: A brief introduction to its content and function Sara L. Sumpter (University of Pittsburgh) Abstract: This article examines the political and social atmosphere surrounding the production of the thirteenth-century hand scroll Kitano Tenjin engi emaki (Illustrated Legends of the Kitano Shrine), which depicts the life, death and posthumous revenge of the ninth-century courtier Sugawara no Michizane. The article combines an analysis of the content and religious iconography of the scroll, a study of early Japanese beliefs in angry spirits of the dead, and a narration of the actual life of Michizane in an attempt to produce a sketch of the rituals and superstitions of Heian and early Kamakura period Japanese society, and to suggest possible functions of the hand scroll that complement them. The hand scroll sets collectively known as the Kitano Tenjin engi emaki (Illustrated Legends of the Kitano Shrine) each tell the story of the life and death of the ninth- century courtier and poet, Sugawara no Michizane (845–903), and of the posthumous revenge undertaken by his vengeful spirit (onryô). According to the scrolls, Michizane was falsely accused of treason by rivals at the Heian court who were jealous of his astronomical rise to power. He was exiled to Dazaifu on the island of Kyushu in 901 and died there two years later in despair. His spirit persisted in seeking retribution against his enemies and in reclaiming his position and honours. He is said to have stalked his numerous rivals in the form of the thunder god (raijin) before ultimately revealing to a frightened court, through a series of intermediaries, the means of his pacification: deification and worship at the Kitano Shrine in Kyoto.1 Today the Kitano Tenjin engi emaki (hereafter referred to as the Tenjin scrolls) number more than thirty extant examples, ranging in date from the early thirteenth century to the nineteenth century. -
Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun╎s
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations School of Arts and Sciences October 2012 Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 1 Cecilia S. Seigle Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Economics Commons, Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Seigle, Cecilia S. Ph.D., "Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 1" (2012). Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations. 7. https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/7 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/7 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 1 Abstract In this study I shall discuss the marriage politics of Japan's early ruling families (mainly from the 6th to the 12th centuries) and the adaptation of these practices to new circumstances by the leaders of the following centuries. Marriage politics culminated with the founder of the Edo bakufu, the first shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542-1616). To show how practices continued to change, I shall discuss the weddings given by the fifth shogun sunaT yoshi (1646-1709) and the eighth shogun Yoshimune (1684-1751). The marriages of Tsunayoshi's natural and adopted daughters reveal his motivations for the adoptions and for his choice of the daughters’ husbands. The marriages of Yoshimune's adopted daughters show how his atypical philosophy of rulership resulted in a break with the earlier Tokugawa marriage politics. -
A Garden in Uji Embodying the Yearning for the Paradise in The
II SUGIMOTO Hiroshi A Garden in Uji Embodying the Yearning for the Paradise in the West – Byôdô-in Garden – SUGIMOTO Hiroshi Sub-Manager, Historic City Planning Promotion Section, Uji City, JAPAN 1. Creation of Byôdô-in (south-facing temple building) and a pond are located on In the Heian period (794 to 1185), Uji was developed the south-north axis extending from the Nan-mon (south in the southern Heian-kyô (present-day Kyôto) as a gate), and the pond is surrounded by the U shaped temple. residential suburb. The preceding building of Byôdô-in was Byôdô-in is significantly different in these features from the originally built in the early Heian period as a private villa for other two temples. The building style of the Phoenix Hall Minamoto no Tôru, which was later purchased by Fujiwara was taken over by Shôkômyô-in in Toba and Muryôkô-in in no Michinaga. After being bequeathed to his son Fujiwara Hiraizumi, exerting a significant impact on the development no Yorimichi, the villa was converted into a temple in 1052, of Jôdo temples in later years. which coincided with the beginning of the mappô, the age of the degeneration of the Buddha’s law. The main hall of the 2. Byôdô-in Garden villa was then renovated into a Buddhist sanctum and the It is obvious, both from records and the layout, that the Phoenix Hall (Hô-oh-dô) was added in the following year. Phoenix Hall is the main building of the Byôdô-in temple The Fujiwara clan continued expanding the building and, by complex. -
Print This Article
sJapanese Language and Literature JJournalapanese of the American Language Association and of Teachers Literature of Japanese Journal of the American Association of Teachers of Japanese jll.pitt.edu | Vol. 54 | Number 1 | April 2020 | DOI 10.5195/jll.2020.89 jll.pitt.edu | Vol. 54 | Number 1 | April 2020 | DOI 10.5195/jll.2020.89 ISSN 1536-7827 (print) 2326-4586 (online) ISSN 1536-7827 (print) 2326-4586 (online) Poetics of Acculturation: Early Pure Land Buddhism and the Topography of the Periphery in Orikuchi Shinobu’s The Book of the Dead Ikuho Amano Introduction Known as the exponent practitioner of kokubungaku (national literature), modernist ethnologist Orikuchi Shinobu (1887–1953) readily utilized archaic Japanese experiences as viable resources for his literary imagination. As the leading disciple of Yanagita Kunio (1875–1962), who is known as the founding father of modern folkloric ethnology in Japan, Orikuchi is often considered a nativist ethnologist whose works tend to be construed as a probing into the origin of the nation. He considered the essence of national literature as “the origins of art itself,” and such a critical vision arguably linked him to interwar fascism.1 Nevertheless, his nativist effort as a literatus was far from the nationalist ambition of claiming a socio-cultural unity. On the contrary, Orikuchi invested his erudition to disentangle the concatenation of the nation, religion, and people and thus presented ancient Japanese experience as discursive molecules rooted in each locality. In this regard, his novel Shisha no sho (The Book of the Dead, 1939) plays an instrumental role of insinuating the author’s nuanced modernist revisionism. -
Women and Japanese Buddhism
Barbara Ruch, ed.. Engendering Faith: Women and Buddhism in Premodern Japan. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002. Illustrations, charts, maps. lxxviii + 706 pp. $69.00, cloth, ISBN 978-1-929280-15-5. Reviewed by Michiko Yusa Published on H-Buddhism (August, 2009) Commissioned by A. Charles Muller (University of Tokyo) This book marks a clear departure from the this process, and feminist scholarship, too, made male-oriented foci of traditional scholarship on its contribution. That the recent volume of the Ja‐ Japanese Buddhism and ventures to reconstruct panese Journal of Religious Studies ( JJRS, 2003, its history by incorporating women's voices.[1] All edited by Noriko Kawahashi and Masako Kuroki) of the essays address, from diverse angles, wom‐ is dedicated to "Feminism and Religion in Contem‐ en's roles in the history of Japanese Buddhism. porary Japan" speaks for the healthy unfolding of The volume begins with a foreword and preface, feminist studies in Japan, as this issue marks the followed by twenty-three weighty essays, inter‐ twentieth anniversary of the 1983 special issue of spersed with ninety-five illustrations, charts, and JJRS, "Women and Religion in Japan," the guest ed‐ maps, many of which are in full color; a list of itor of which was the late Kyōko Nakamura. characters; a selected bibliography; an index; and Indeed, Japanese society's acknowledgement information about the contributors. One of the of the importance of women's issues helped to distinctive features of this book is that it contains create the academic discipline of women's studies a substantial number of essays by a younger gen‐ as well as to promote the study of women in the eration of Japanese scholars, all translated into history of Japanese religions. -
Creating Heresy: (Mis)Representation, Fabrication, and the Tachikawa-Ryū
Creating Heresy: (Mis)representation, Fabrication, and the Tachikawa-ryū Takuya Hino Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2012 © 2012 Takuya Hino All rights reserved ABSTRACT Creating Heresy: (Mis)representation, Fabrication, and the Tachikawa-ryū Takuya Hino In this dissertation I provide a detailed analysis of the role played by the Tachikawa-ryū in the development of Japanese esoteric Buddhist doctrine during the medieval period (900-1200). In doing so, I seek to challenge currently held, inaccurate views of the role played by this tradition in the history of Japanese esoteric Buddhism and Japanese religion more generally. The Tachikawa-ryū, which has yet to receive sustained attention in English-language scholarship, began in the twelfth century and later came to be denounced as heretical by mainstream Buddhist institutions. The project will be divided into four sections: three of these will each focus on a different chronological stage in the development of the Tachikawa-ryū, while the introduction will address the portrayal of this tradition in twentieth-century scholarship. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Abbreviations……………………………………………………………………………...ii Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………iii Dedication……………………………………………………………………………….………..vi Preface…………………………………………………………………………………………...vii Introduction………………………………………………………………………….…………….1 Chapter 1: Genealogy of a Divination Transmission……………………………………….……40 Chapter -
Buddhist Sculpture and the State: the Great Temples of Nara Samuel Morse, Amherst College November 22, 2013
Arts of Asia Lecture Series Fall 2013 The Culture and Arts of Korea and Early Japan Sponsored by The Society for Asian Art Buddhist Sculpture and the State: The Great Temples of Nara Samuel Morse, Amherst College November 22, 2013 Brief Chronology 694 Founding of the Fujiwara Capital 708 Decision to move the capital again is made 710 Founding of the Heijō (Nara) Capital 714 Kōfukuji is founded 716 Gangōji (Hōkōji) is moved to Heijō 717 Daianji (Daikandaiji) is moved to Heijō 718 Yakushiji is moved to Heijō 741 Shōmu orders the establishment of a national system of monasteries and nunneries 743 Shōmu vows to make a giant gilt-bronze statue of the Cosmic Buddha 747 Casting of the Great Buddha is begun 752 Dedication of the Great Buddha 768 Establishment of Kasuga Shrine 784 Heijō is abandoned; Nagaoka Capital is founded 794 Heian (Kyoto) is founded Yakushiji First established at the Fujiwara Capital in 680 by Emperor Tenmu on the occasion of the illness of his consort, Unonosarara, who later took the throne as Empress Jitō. Moved to Heijō in 718. Important extant eighth century works of art include: Three-storied Pagoda Main Image, a bronze triad of the Healing Buddha, ca. 725 Kōfukuji Tutelary temple of the Fujiwara clan, founded in 714. One of the most influential monastic centers in Japan throughout the temple's history. Original location of the statues of Bonten and Taishaku ten in the collection of the Asian Art Museum. Important extant eighth century works include: Statues of the Ten Great Disciples of the Buddha Statues of the Eight Classes of Divine Protectors of the Buddhist Faith Tōdaiji Temple established by the sovereign, Emperor Shōmu, and his consort, Empress Kōmyō as the central institution of a countrywide system of monasteries and nunneries. -
The Heian Period
A Companion to Japanese History Edited by William M. Tsutsui Copyright © 2007 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd CHAPTER TWO The Heian Period G. Cameron Hurst III Heian is Japan’s classical age, when court power was at its zenith and aristocratic culture flourished. Understandably, it has long been assiduously studied by historians. The Heian period is the longest of the accepted divisions of Japanese history, covering almost exactly 400 years. Its dates seem obvious: ‘‘The Heian period opened in 794 with the building of a new capital, Heian-kyo¯, later known as Kyoto. The Heian period closed in 1185 when the struggle for hegemony among the warrior families resulted in the victory of Minamoto no Yoritomo and most political initiatives devolved into his hands at his headquarters at Kamakura.’’1 Although the establishment of a new capital would seem irrefutable evidence of the start of a new ‘‘period,’’ some argue that the move of the capital from Nara to Nagaoka in 784 better marks the beginning of the era. Indeed, some even consider the accession of Emperor Kammu in 781 a better starting date. Heian gives way to the next period, the Kamakura era, at the end of the twelfth century and the conclusion of the Gempei War. The end dates are even more contested and include (1) 1180 and Taira no Kiyomori’s forced move of the capital to Fukuhara; (2) 1183 and the flight of the Taira from the capital; (3) 1185, the end of the war and Retired Emperor Go-Shirakawa’s confirmation of Minamoto no Yoritomo’s right to appoint shugo and jito¯; or (4) 1192 and Yoritomo’s appointment as sho¯gun. -
Volume 23 (2016), Article 2
Volume 23 (2016), Article 2 http://chinajapan.org/articles/23/2 Persiani, Gian-Piero “China as Self, China as Other: On Ki no Tsurayuki's Use of the wa- kan Dichotomy” Sino-Japanese Studies 23 (2016), article 2. Abstract: The article discusses Ki no Tsurayuki’s strategic othering of “China” (Kara, Morokoshi) in order to theorize an independent “Yamato” cultural identity. It opens with an overview of the debate on the wa-kan issue in Japanese and Anglo-American scholarship and then moves on to explore Tsurayuki’s use of the wa-kan dychotomy in such texts as the Kokinshū prefaces (905) and the Tosa nikki (935). Although Tsurayuki often appears to adopt a regionalist stance in his writings, I stress the strategic nature of these claims (his priority was to exalt his genre of choice, not to lambast Chinese forms), and argue against seeing the making of the Kokinshū as the beginning of a cultural move away from China. Rather, cases like Tsurayuki’s point to the multiplicity of functions that Kara played within Heian culture. With remarkable pliability, Heian Japan’s “China” was both unquestionably part of the Heian self and a convenient inner Other in opposition to which new personal, political, ethnic, and cultural identities could be fashioned. Keywords: wakan, Sino-Japanese interaction, East Asia, Heian period, ethnicity, self- fashioning, Ki no Tsurayuki, Kokinshū Sino-Japanese Studies http://chinajapan.org/articles/23/2 China as Self, China as Other: On Ki no Tsurayuki’s Use of the wa-kan Dichotomy Gian-Piero Persiani For Japan, the pre-Nara, Nara, and Heian periods were times of frantic, large-scale cultural import from the continent. -
The Disaster of the Third Princess : Essays on the Tale of Genji / Royall Tyler
TheDisasTerof TheThirDPrincess EssaysonTheTaleofGenji TheDisasTerof TheThirDPrincess EssaysonTheTaleofGenji royallTyler Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au/third_princess_citation.html National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Tyler, Royall. Title: The disaster of the third princess : essays on the tale of Genji / Royall Tyler. ISBN: 9781921536663 (pbk.) 9781921536670 (pdf) Notes: Bibliography. Subjects: Murasaki Shikibu, b. 978? Genji monogatari.--Criticism and interpretation Japanese literature--To 1600--History and criticism. Japan--Social life and customs--794-1185--History Dewey Number: 895.6314 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design by Teresa Prowse. Printed by University Printing Services, ANU This edition © 2009 ANU E Press Table of Contents Foreword vii Introduction 1 1. Genji and Murasaki: Between Love and Pride 15 2. Genji and Suzaku (1): The Disaster of the Third Princess 63 3. Genji and Suzaku (2): The Possibility of Ukifune 97 4. Genji and the Luck of the Sea 131 5. Pity Poor Kaoru 157 6. Two Post-Genji tales on The Tale of Genji 185 7. Feminine Veils over Visions of the Male 209 Abbreviations 229 Works cited 231 Foreword Four of these seven essays were published under different titles and in earlier forms between 1999 and 2006, and a fifth appeared in Japanese translation in 2008.1 The most recently written (“Genji and the Luck of the Sea”) dates from 2007. -
Embracing Death and the Afterlife: Sculptures of Enma and His Entourage at Rokuharamitsuji
Embracing Death and the Afterlife: Sculptures of Enma and His Entourage at Rokuharamitsuji By Ó 2018 Ye-Gee Kwon Submitted to the graduate degree program in Art History and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ___________________________ Chair: Sherry D. Fowler ___________________________ Amy E. McNair ___________________________ Maya Stiller ___________________________ Maki Kaneko ___________________________ Kyoim Yun Date Defended: 5 October 2018 The dissertation committee for Ye-Gee Kwon certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Embracing Death and the Afterlife: Sculptures of Enma and His Entourage at Rokuharamitsuji ___________________________ Chair: Sherry D. Fowler Date Approved: 5 October 2018 ii Abstract This dissertation investigates a sculptural group of Enma and his entourage that was once enshrined in an Enma hall located within the Kyoto temple Rokuharamitsuji precinct, and hopes to highlight the role that significant yet understudied sculptures played in the development of the cult of Enma and the Ten Kings in premodern Japan. Rokuharamitsuji is of great importance to study the cult of Enma and the Ten Kings not only for its rare early sculptures of Enma and his two assistants created in the thirteenth century when the cult began to flourish in Japan, but also for the later addition of a seventeenth-century Datsueba sculpture, which reveals the evolution of the cult through its incorporation of Japanese popular belief. This study examines how the Rokuharamitsuji sculptural group presented images of hell within a designated space and conveyed messages of salvation to their beholders, responding to the environs of the salvation- oriented temple.