Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

~..~~:()~-A . p... P. L.. E APPLE PUGETSOUND PROGRAM LIBRARY EXCHANGE 1\ w.. hinllton St.tr Non-Profit Corpor.tion Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine

Issue Year 1983

Issue Month June

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0001 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

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Volume VI, Number 6 June 1983 52.50 (53.00- Canada, £1. 75 IIUK.,

THE lie AND THE PLUS: Comparing Apples and Apples Page 9 A Call -A.P.P.L.E. SOFTWARE REVIEW: Spreadsheet

Programs Page 17 MACHINE POWER: Creating an

Amper-Library Page23 Special Education Section PREPARING FOR LIFE: The Arcadian

Approach Page 31 \.0 Apple PugetSound Program Library Exchange

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0002 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

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II II Volume VI, Number 6 June 1983 52.50 (53.00 Canada, £1. 75 UK.,

ITHE lie AND THE PLUS: Comparing Apples and Apples Page 9 A Call -A.P.P.L.E. SOFTWARE REVIEW: Spreadsheet

Programs Page 17 MACHINE POWER: Creating an

Amper-Library Page23 Special Education Section PREPARING FOR LIFE: The Arcadian

Approach Page 31 \.0 Apple PugetSound Program Library Exchange

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0003 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 •

MORE THAI JUST AlOTHER PREm FACE. Says who? Says ANSI. make life miserable for everyone in the disk-making Specifically, subcommittee X3B8 of the American business. National Standards Institute (ANSI) says so. The fact How? By gathering together periodically (often, is all Elephant ™floppies meet or exceed the specs one suspects, under the full moon) to concoct more required to meet or exceed all their standards. and more rules to increase the quality of flexible But just who is "subcommittee X3B8" to issue such disks. Their most recent rule book runs over 20 single­ pronouncements? spaced pages-listing, and insisting upon-hundreds They're a group of people representing a large, upon hundreds of standards a disk must meet in well-balanced cross section of disciplines-from order to be blessed by ANSI. (And thereby be taken academia, government agencies, and the computer seriously by people who take disks seriously.) industry. People from places like IBM, Hewlett-Packard, In fact, if you'd like a copy of this formidable docu­ 3M, Lawrence Livermore Labs, The U.S. Department ment, for free, just let us know and we'll send you of Defense, Honeywell and The Association of Com­ one. Because once you know what it takes to make puter Programmers and Analysts. In short, it's a bunch an Elephant for ANSI ... of high-caliber nitpickers whose mission, it seems, in We think you'll want us to make some Elephants order to make better disks for consumers, is also to for you. B.EPHAlT~M HEAVY DUTY DISKS. For a free poster-size portrait of our powerful pachyderm, please write us. Distributed Exclusively by Leading Edge Products, Inc., 225 Turnpike Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021 Call: toll-free 1-800-343-6833; or in Massachusetts call collect (617) 828-8150. Telex 951-624. Circle 43 on Reader SeNice Card Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0004 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

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APPLE PUGETSOUND PROGRAM LIBRARY EXCHANGE: CLUB INFORMATION

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2 Call -A'p,P.LE. June 1983 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0006 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 Call-A.P.P.L.E~ Volume VI, Number 6 June 1983/Menu Val J. Golding, Editor Kathryn Hallgrimson Suther, Associate Editor ENmEES 9 THE lie AND THE PLUS: 31 Special Education Section Comparing Apples PREPARING FOR LIFE: and Apples The Arcad ian Approach Cecil Fretwell Michael Shadick/Call -A.P.P.LE. staff writer 35 Education Is An Adventure Game 17 A Call -A.P.P.LE. SOFTWARE REVIEW: Dr. Mark Cross Spreadsheet Programs 37 A Call -A.P.P.LE. BOOK REVIEW: Steve Ross/reviewer Kids and the Apple 23 MACHINE POWER: Kathryn Hallgrimson Suther/reviewer 39 A Call -A.P.P.LE. SORWARE REVIEW: Creating an Master Type Amper-Library Candy Woods/reviewer Bill Parker/Call -A'p.P.L.E. staff writer 41 A DISSENTING OPINION: Where Have All The Typists Gone Gary Breidenstein ALA CARTE 43 A Call -A.P.P.LE. SORWARE REVIEW: 57 Northern Spy The General Manager Rick Sutcliffe/Call -A.P.P.L.E. staff writer Doug Pearson/reviewer 61 A Call -A.P.P.LE. SORWARE REVIEW: 45 A Call -A'p.P.LE. TECHNIOUE: "I Sing the Apple Electric" Fast 6502 Multiplication William C. Dwyer/reviewer Damon Slye 63 What in the Blaise is Going On? 49 CP/MAGIC: Bruce Van Norman/Pascal editor Nibbling Away at CP1M 65 Pascal Magic - A Better Keypress Murray Arnow/Call -A.P.P.L.E. staff writer Joel Buckley and Ron DeGroat 53 FROM THE HEART OF THE MONITOR: Memory Moves Made Simple Ken Kashmarek HORS d'OEUVRES 5 The Editor Bytes Back 72 So What Did You Expect? the editor Ken Kashmarek 7 Bytes From Apple 73 Write -A.P.P.LE. Val j. Golding the readers 7 Boot 76 A.P.P.LE. Meeting Minutes Craig Macintosh David A. Lingwood/secretary 59, 66 Writing the Wrongs 79 Call -A.P.P.LE. Consultants the wrongdoers 79 A.P.P.LE. Order Form 80 Call -A.P.P.L.E. Unclassifieds

Apple user groups may reprint without prior permission any portion of the contents herein, provided author, title, and publication credits are given and a written notice of such use furnished to the editorial office. For commerical applications of programs herein, the author should be contacted c/o General Office. Call -A.P.P.L.E. IS published monthly by Apple Puget Sound Program Library Exchange, 2 J 246 - 68th Ave. S., Kent. WA 98032. SubSCriptions are not available but copies are mailed free as a benefit of A.P.P.L.E. membership. ~o E""A'Ppfe'PugetSound Program Library Exchange Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 3 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange TPage 0007 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0008 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 THE EDITOR BYTES BACK

the editor

T looks like the Apple / /e IS gonna several of the currently available Arcadian Approach. This whole section come out a w. Inner. From all reports spreadsheet type programs. If Steve is the brainchild of associate editor we have received, It IS seiling like seems a tad biased, we can't blame Kathryn Hallgrimson Suther, who also Ithe proverbial hotcakes, and we him too much, since he wrote the docu­ reviews Kids and the Apple. Intend to give It full coverage as mentation for our THE Spreadsheet We have two additional columns to material becomes available. In the way 2.0. AI~in all, though, we think it's a introduce in this issue, Rick Sutcliffe's of a sneak preview, look for a way to purty honest evaluation. Northern Spy, a conglomerate of north­ use the Extended Text Card in double­ A couple issues back, staffer Dave of-the-border news, programming wide Low-Res graphics, something Sparks did a comparitive review on hints, reviews and miscellany, and for Apple doesn't tell you about In their several ampersand utilities. Now comes CP/M buffs, Murray Arnow's CP/Magic manual. We hope to make the July Ish another stoffer, Bill Parker, with a will fill a much needed gap as he With thiS' n. handy-dandy utility, Creating an discloses some of the Apple-CP/M in­ Meantime, back at the editor's Amper-library, which tells you how to formation he has unearthed. desk, we're leading off thiS Issue with build your own "front end" for those For those of you who dare invade Comparing Apples and Apples, a dozens of neat ampersand routines that Apple's internals, Damon Slye offers a users look at the respective monitors of all require use of the $3F5 (1013) amper­ peek (pun Intended) at Fast 6502 the Apple I I Plus and the Apple / / e, sand jump vector Multiplication. If speed is what you presented For your edification by Cecil An Apple for the Teacher is the need, Damon's got just the thing. Fretwell. overall title for our new educational col­ Holding down second spot on the umn which commences thiS month. To cover IS a comparltlve review by our start It off with a bang, we have put Continued on page 32 own Steve Ross, head of Software together a whole glunch of education Product Development for AP.P.L.E, of features, including Mike Shadick's The Where's the Applause? You're creative, original, competent. You've written programs that entertain, educate, organize, analyze. So where's the applause? ,Let us find your audience That is our business. When we accept a program for publication, we do more than list it in a catalog. We put it in the most effective packaging. We expand its potential with translations for other computers. We devise a competitive marketing strategy. And then our sales staff runs it through a national distribution network. That's why our programs such as EARLY GAMES are bestsellers. That's how yours could become one. We will more than find your audience, we will create it. And you'll love the applause. Submit your programs for review. We will respond within ten days. counterpoint software inc.

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Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0010 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 BYTES FROM A.P.P.L.E.

Val J. Golding

HE Spreadsheet, Version 1.0 is now a Kit for over a year now at a special member price of collector's item. It was withdrawn from the $22.50. Now through August 31st, you can order this at market in December, 1982 as we were unable to only $17.50. The new product code is HAKK. Hear ye, T renew our agreement to produce it. For those of hear ye, let this be known as the Summer Cooling you who got one of the 1200 odd copies, we suspect, Special. considering the stature of the authors' names, it may Having now taken care of hardware, we have two re­ turn out to eventually have considerable value. At the lated specials, one for publications and one for software_ Anaheim Applefest, A.P.P.L.E. president Dick Hubert At the recent Anaheim Applefest we introduced issue 3 suggested to one member that he hunt down the Woz of Call -A.PP.L.E. In Depth: All About DOS, which was (Steve Wr)zniak) and ask him to autograph his original extremely well received (in fact we had to airfreight THE Spreadsheet. Woz, who was in attendance, graci­ more copies from Seattle). For those of you who are not ously complied. All of this is sort of a "shaggy dog" lead familiar with Call -A.PP.L.E. In Depth, this is our sec­ in to let you know we now have available, at only $5, ond magazine, a unique blend of technical articles, refer­ THE Spreadsheet Converter. This program will ence manual and introduction to the subject. Approxi­ convert version 1.0 files to version 2.0 format. mately 25% of the content is reprinted or expanded from We have just taken delivery of an IBM (what was the monthly Call -A.PPL.E., while the balance is new that word?) System 38 computer. This is going to be a material, much of it specially commissioned. real boost to us in getting your orders to you sooner. Here are details of how you can save up to $18 on We'll be writing more about if after we get it on line. In these two specials. In Depth Magazine Special: reg­ the meantime we have introduced product codes that ular member price for All About Applesojt, All About the 38 will understand; their use right now will also help Pascal and All About DOS is $31.50, price for the special us expedite processing and delivery, so please look at is $25. In Depth Diskette Special: six diskettes con­ our order form and have the new codes ready when you taining the programs published in the three In Depth phone or mail an order. issues, regular member price is $51.50, price for the June brings us summertime; summertime brings us special is just $40. Their respective product codes are those nice warm days we yearned for in February; sum­ PSI0 and SSIN. mer's warmth also brings heating problems to our Non-members note: you can save an additional $3.50 Apples. These problems can be particularly significant if by joining now, and save even more by taking advantage your Apple is loaded with cards and/or you are using an of our low member prices on our hardware items and ex­ 80-column card, probably the biggest single power clusive software. Just fill in the order form on the next to draw on the Apple. Fortunately, we also have the cure last page. Prices on all the special items described here for the overheat blues - a kit consisting of fan, line cord are good through August 31, 1983, an extended period and mounting tape. We have been selling the Ap.Cool- for our summertime specials.

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Craig MacIntosh

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Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 7 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0011 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

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Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0012 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

THE I Ie AND THE PLUS: Comparing Apples and Apples

Cecil Fretwell

VEN though I have been Let's start our discussion by tak­ true. In fact, the IIe has the true N in the computer business ing the system out of the box or, in key rollover feature, e.g., if you are for some 23 years and some cases, view it for the first time fast enough and have enough fingers, E have had my own home­ at the dealer. Since I work a lot with you can press and hold down the A brew systems for years, I am a late­ CRT's like the DEC VT100, Tele­ key, then press and hold down the B comer into the Wonderful World of video 950, etc., I was immediately key, etc. No matter how many keys Apple. This turned out to be not all impressed with the new keyboard. It you hold down, you always get the bad, because my dealer let me trade is very professional in that the keys last key you hold down. my 1[+ for the new lIe, a decision I are located "where they should be." The next comment regarding the don't think I will regret. For one It would take several paragraphs to keyboard is not really a complaint. thing, it allows me to compare the substantiate this statement, there­ Apple placed a little raised dot on the new to the old. fore, in the interest of brevity I will D, K, and right arrow key. The idea My ) I + had 48K of RAM, 16K mention only a few features. is good to help one locate the "home" language card, the Videx 80 column row. I may take a knife and "grind" board and the Super Serial card to I was immediately impressed them off if I can not learn to ignore the drive my TI 820 printer. I had no with the new keyboard. distraction they now produce for me. complaints about this system, includ­ The last comment regarding the ing the 80 column board. The old ESC key position is now keyboard involves the new open and The Ill' I traded for naturally the TAB key, a key which produces closed Apple keys and the RESET came with the full 64K of RAM. I [Ctrl-I]. The ESC key has been moved key. First of all, the RESET key is also have the new Apple 80 column to the numeric row where it belongs. really depressed and absolutely re­ board without the extended memory Things like : and ; are where they quires the use of the CONTROL key option. The Super Serial card belong in the "home" row for touch (the old CTRL key). An old danger migrated to the new system with no typists. In general, I find the key­ using the RESET key has been all changes required. The only thing I board to not only look like most CRT but removed. had to "eat" was the VIDEX 80 col­ keyboards, but also, like the key­ umn board and Applewriter II with board on a standard typewriter. Even the VIDEX pre-boot disk. I am hop­ A great improvement was though I am used to a standard CRT the addition of the open ing I can sell the excellent VIDEX keyboard, it took me a few days to board and Applewriter II with the "forget" where the old ][ + keys and closed Apple keys. VIDEX disk for at least the amount I were. had to pay to trade for the lIe. I really like the feel of the lIe A real great improvement was the features added by the open and closed keyboard. It takes far less pressure to Apple keys. If one holds down CON­ The of Apple lie press a key as compared to the 1[ + "e" TROL, open Apple, and RESET keyboard. Being a fast touch typist, I means enhanced . .. simultaneously, the system performs always had problems with such things a re-boot. Even though I run my as not pressing the space bar hard Since the two systems I have just system through a power strip to pre­ enough on the old keyboard. The new described are supposed to be equiva­ serve the power switch on the Apple, keyboard also has the typamatic lent, I can make some good observa­ this avoids the occasional problem of feature, i.e., holding down a key for tions as you will see. The e on the end having to power down and power up more than a second causes the key to of the Ill' means enhanced, according the Apple if the system totally dies. be repeated on the screen. In other to Apple Computer, a fact that appears This is not due to a hardware failure words the old REPT key (a carryover to be true. Only time will prove my but due to a "short circuit" between from the old Teletype days) is gone. opinion that very few programs writ­ the ears. I also discovered that the elec­ ten for 40 column mode will migrate -e- tronics of the keyboard has been from the II + to the lIe without any cleaned up. On the old system I used major problems. I can't say the same my standard habit of rolling my for 80 column mode as will be seen later in this article. fingers across ASDF to produce a test string. Being fast in this process, I always got ASDF2, that is no longer

Call -AP.P.L.E. June 1983 9 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0013 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

COMPARING APPLES AND APPLES If one holds down CONTROL, Installing the Super Serial card The next test was to try some pro­ closed Apple, and RESET simultane­ was a breeze as was the 80 column grams my wife and I have written ously, the system performs a self test board. The most impressive thing and will soon offer for sale in the on its electronics. Having a brother about the 80 column board without genealogy area. These programs use who is an electrical engineer and the 64K memory expansion is that it a combination of Applesoft Basic and designed my pre-Apple systems with has only five chips and you can hold it assembly language programs. Again me doing the software, when a prob­ in the palm of your hand. no problems. In fact, the new 40 col­ lem arose, he claimed it was software The installation process requires umn cursor, being a block of discrete and I claimed it was hardware. This using the manuals, a fact not unique dots compared to the old solid block, new Apple feature might settle such to Apple. I have not completely read is much more pleasing to the eye for an issue. The feature definitely through the manuals, however, I was our application. becomes more useful as the IIe ages. immediately impressed with their Having passed these two crucial It might avoid a trip to the dealer if format, etc. The old manuals were tests, one of which showed me the one suspects the Apple has gone flaky. good but look like kindergarden stuff operation of the' 'language card" has Enough on the keyboard. In prep­ when compared with the very profes­ not changed, I then tested a game we aration for installing the disk con­ sional looking new manuals. Their copied from a friend and one which troller board and the Super Serial contents are still geared to cover all involves graphics. It also worked card, both from myoid 1[ +, the next levels of experience. with no problem. logical step was to pop the cover off All the time, the overpowering the system. Incidentally, the physical urge was to fire up the system and ... the major ROM entry shape of the "box" for the keyboard, see what it does. Even though I spent points have not changed. etc. has not changed. some four hours on the dealer's IIe before I decided to trade, the biggest At this point, I stopped my tests ... the motherboard looks question I wanted answered was how and turned my attention to technical like the Sahara desert much of myoid 1[+ software worked aspects for the purpose of determin­ compared to the + . without changes on the IIe. ing what are the potential impacts of J[ Although I did not try it on the switching from a 1[+ to a lIe. Before I The first thing one notices with dealer's IIe, the first thing I did was traded my 1[+, I had used Big Mac's the cover off is that the motherboard boot up the disk supplied by Apple SOURCEROR to obtain a source of called Apple Presents ... Apple. It looks like the Sahara desert com­ the 1[+ Autostart ROM. I assembled pared to the 1[+ motherboard. 48K of takes about 20 minutes for an experi­ it on the lIe, loaded the object into RAM used to be in a space about 4" enced user to go through the tutorial $800, and used the ROM monitor to by 10." Now 64K is on eight chips in presented by the disk. Even if an ex­ run a compare out to my printer. an area about I" by 6." A special perienced user purchases the lIe, I What follows is a cursory look at memory management chip has also strongly suggest that they fire this what I found. replaced a lot of the 1[+ chips. The disk up first. It told me a lot about the The region $F800 to $FFFF end result is that the lIe should run a IIe and saved me a lot of time com­ showed 145 bytes changed. Although pared to taking the manual route. It is lot cooler. Before I traded myoId 1[+ it would take more time, one can with its language card and the excellently done and even provides verify what I say here by wading VIDEX board, I was about ready to some humor such as "A computer through the Monitor ROM Listings buy a fan because there were occa­ genius is one who knows 19.3 times Manual I had to purchase. In these sions when I felt that heat was caus­ more about computers than their col­ listings, which include the 80 Column ing a problem. leagues." Having had a hard day at card code, the old Autostart ROM The next thing one notices is the the office, this disk put me in a good code falls out in an obvious manner vast improvement in the "holes" to frame of mind for the rest of the because Apple used a conditional evening. run cables out to the disk drives, etc. psuedo op which shows both the IIe Apple has dreamed up holes that I ran several tests and need to run code and the H+ code. should cover any kind of connector more to convince myself that as long available, with the end result of a as one works in 40 column mode, the clean looking backside. 1[+ programs migrate to the IIe with Installing the disk cables through no changes required. I still need to in­ the holes was not easy for me. I have vestigate the 80 column mode in more always had troubles with little screws detail, because I suspect the migra­ and working in tight places. Being a tion may not be so simple. smart aleck, I did not follow Apple's I have A.P.P.L.E.'s Big Mac.LC suggestion and have the holes facing which I have used to write a lot of me when I installed the disk cables. assembly language stuff. Nothing Even though Apple provides a small changed to include the use of the wrench to tighten the screws, I sug­ printer and the special driver I wrote gest that one invest in a nut driver for my printer. set; it made my job easier.

10 call -A.P.P.l.E. June 1983 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0014 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

The differences appear to be as code that has the RETURN FROM follows. Please understand that I ... a nice article . .. could GOTOCX HERE comment. have not gone through these differ­ be developed around the This code probably explains why I ences in depth, so if I make a mis­ Apple 80 column board. thought I had a problem with the take, I apologize. An overall glance at ESC key. On the IIe one can still use the differences show all of the major To digress for a minute, a nice ar­ the ESC I, ], K, M idea to move the ROM entry points to things like ticle by someone, maybe me if I do it cursor around as before. Apple made HOME, RESET, clear to end of line first, could be developed around the this a little neater by using ESC and (CALL -868), CALL -151 to get to Apple 80 column board. It has a lot of the four arrow keys, left, right, up, the ROM monitor, etc. Have not power that I still have not dug into. It down to perform the same function changed. I never cease to find it amaz­ is going to take some understanding as I, ], K, M. For example, ESC then ing that migrating from the old to use its full power. repeated use of the up arrow key and Monitor ROM to the old Autostart Locations $FC42-$FC61 have is the same as repeated use of the I ROM to the new Autostart ROM and changed. $FC42 is still the entry key. The only major change in this migrating through the various levels point to CLREOP which is the clear concept is that on the 1[ +, one could of DOS rarely creates problems for to end of screen logic and $FC58 is exit the ESC mode by using the right the ordinary user. It has to be one of still the entry point to HOME. By arrow key, a common habit I devel­ the keys to the success of Apple. means of a function code, the GOTO­ oped. Not true on the IIe because the Locations $FA75-$FA7A have CX subroutine is used to perform the right arrow is still active in ESC changed. This is in the RESET code desired function. They had so much mode. I knew there had to be a rea­ starting at $FA62. The new code space left in this patching process son why the old manuals suggested uses some code which resides in the that they could place the ASCII string always using the space bar to exit $C100 region of the 80 column card. "(C) 1981-82, Apple" in locations ESC mode. The start of this code involves a new $FC46-$FC57. One of the authors of Location $FD2F still remains the subroutine called GOTOCX starting the changes was Rick Auricchio, so entry point to the ESC logic. The ]SR at Location $FBB4. GOTOCX is a he undoubtedly placed the string RDKEY was changed to ]SR RDESC subroutine which is entered with a "RICK A" in locations $FC5C­ which was discussed above. This is function code in Register Y. In glanc­ $FC61". the change that no doubt brings the ing through the well commented code Locations $FC70-$FC9B have arrow keys into play in ESC mode. at $C100, it looks like the system is changed. $FC70 is still the entry The STA INVFLG at location set up to allow for the absence or point to the SCROLL logic. All it $FD42 has been changed to NOPs. presence of the Apple 80 column card does is set a function code in Y and This is the NOTCR logic starting at and takes into account the status of transfer control to the GOTOCX sub­ $FD3D. The old comment was CON­ Slot 3 on the motherboard. routine. This means that the old logic VERT TYPED CHARACTER TO Locations $FBOA-$FBOD have in the range $FC75-$FC9B is gone NORMAL. I suspect this change is changed. Since the Apple 80 column and one who references the old labels related to the new format of the cur­ card supports lower case in 40 col­ SCRLl, SCRL2, and SCRL3, has sor in 40 character mode. umn mode, when the system per­ problems. This range now has a new The AND #$DF at location $FD82 forms a boot, the old APPLE 1[ dis­ subroutine which is called IRQ SNIF­ has been changed to AND #$FF. The play has been changed to Apple 1L FER FOR VIDEO CODE. old Autostart ROM used to change Locations $FB51-$FB54 have Locations $FC9C-$FCA7 have lower case input to upper case input changed. This is in the SETWND changed. $FC9C is still the entry in the GETLN logic. This change code. It causes similar gyrations to be point to the CLREOL logic and negates this feature. Until a new performed as was the case with the $FC9E is still the entry point to the DOS comes out that hopefully allows RESET code. It basically replaces CLREOLZ logic. One who references both upper case and lower case com­ the old code with a ]SR GOTOCX the old label CLEOL2 has problems mands, this means that the CAPS and a NOP. because this location is now the LOCK key must be down when under Location $FBA2 has been changed operand of the STY $lF instruction. DOS control, or one drives them­ from a ]SR RDKEY to a ]SR Locations $FD1B-$FD20 have selves silly using the SHIFT key. RDESC. The label RDESC happens changed. $FD1B is still the entry The last difference was found in to be at the old KEYIN2 location. point to KEYIN. The new logic locations $FEC5-$FEC9. The other This ]SR is in the ESCNOW logic. establishes a function code in author of the changes was Bryan More will be said about this later. Register Y then transfers control to Stearns, so he placed the string Locations $FBB3-$FBCO used to GOTOCX. In this process, the up­ "Bryan" in these locations which contain all NOPs. Some of these dating of the random number in $4E formerly held NOPs. NOPs have been replaced with the and $4F has been retained. KEYIN GOTOCX code. $FBB3 contains a does not fall through to the next value $06 and is labeled VERSION. subroutine like it did in the old code. The comment associated with VER­ Locations $FD21-$FD2E have SION says FOR IDCHECK, so one changed. The old KEYIN2 code in would assume it has some future this area has changed. $FD21 is now purpose. a new subroutine called RDESC. It establishes a function code in Regi­ ster Y then transfers control to GOTOCX. $FD29-$FD2E contains

Call -A'p.P.L.E. June 1983 II Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0015 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

COMPARING APPLES AND APPLES

This exercise took some time, but Big Mac problem, not so simple on Another good feature makes heavy it did give me more confidence in the GPLE which Val tells me will take use of the arrow keys in a more logi­ fact that the IIe Autostart ROM some time. cal manner. The left, right, up, and should present no major problems The last topic I want to discuss is down keys move the cursor around when using programs that referred to Applewriter II. Part of the package on the screen. They replaced the old the old Autostart ROM. To round out . when I purchased my 1[+ was Apple­ ESC I, J, K, M feature. ESC now some of my concerns about the IIe writer. I think I would have purchased causes a toggle of the top line of the versus the 1[+ software, I then loaded it anyway, because the preparation of screen. Instead of using the left ar­ FPBASIC from the SYSTEM MAS­ this article is just one example of the row to delete characters, the TER into $800. Before I traded my many ways I use it. I will go into only DELETE key now performs this 1[ + I wish I had made a copy of a brief overview here. function. The right arrow key no $DOOO-$FFFF on a disk. Anyway, I At the dealer, I tried the old Apple­ longer performs a copy function. used the ROM monitor to compare writer II on the IIe. In 40 column Some of the "removed" functions the Applesoft Basic in the IIe ROMs mode, there is no problem, however, involving the arrow keys in the old to the FPBASIC on disk. I found only one cannot use the lower case feature version have been retained by using one difference at $F7FF. The lIe of the new 40 column mode on the the open and closed Apple keys. ROM contains $78 and the FPBASIC Apple 80 column card. I was not sur­ These keys also provide other useful contains $D7 in this same location. I prised when 80 column mode wouldn't functions. Even though entering this have no idea what this difference work, nor was I surprised when the article represented my first major use means. It represents the last of three VIDEX pre-boot board generated a of the new version, I had to make few unused bytes at the end of Applesoft good laugh. So I forked over $200 and references to the new manual. In so I don't think there are any prob­ bought the new Applewriter II for the other words, one does not have to lems with Applesoft. IIe. It is one of the reasons why I learn Applewriter all over again. I can't live without 80 column mode. highly recommend Applewriter for ... one can expect problems The Applewriter II for the IIe con­ both the 1[+ and the IIe. tains some vast improvements. Paul This concludes my initial observa­ in 80 column mode. Lutus has provided a more profes­ tions of the IIe versus the 1[ +. I had sional package with some loss in absolutely no major complaints about At this point, I have not performed memory available for text. My big­ myoid 1[ +. I just knew that when I many tests using the Apple 80 column gest complaint about the old version finished my playing around at the logic. It works fine when one is listing was that when one moved the cursor dealer I would be a complete fool not Applesoft programs and running what into the text, it took up a space be­ to trade for the IIe. Now I am waiting few programs I have written that use for the new high density drives that I 80 columns. Because of the variety of tween letters. This presented some problems, for example, in trying to have heard Apple plans to introduce. 80 column boards like the VIDEX for align some columnized text, or know­ the ][ +, one can expect problems in ing whether the cursor was setting on 80 column mode. I already know that ~ a space at the end of a line with word Big Mac.LC bombs in edit mode when wraparound in effect. In the new ver­ the E command is used. GPLE blows sion, the cursor "sits" on top of a its mind also. A.P.P.L.E. was already character in text. aware of it when I talked to Val on the hot line. A disk and $5 will fix the ODE TO APPLE lIe

From the Apple 1[ and 1[+ somewhere in Dayton Ohio

Oh! Apple lie, Yes e, you are so cool, I can at places PEEK. I hate you for dating me, Reset is no problem as a rule, That you can only SEEK, I had my forty lines, And your Graphics are so clear, And places I can POKE, Now you have eighty lines, Sweet little e dear, Will cause you to CHOKE.

You no longer require the GET, With goodies you are replete, The Apple J [ and J [ + With your full ASCII Set, Me, I'm obsolete, And with your IOU and MMU, Certainly! I mind, You sneer at the J L You even have a prettier behind,

Integrated EC's is what you got. You are nice I admit, Now I am much too hot, But let me say before I quit, You e are unfettered, There are things that I can do, I have seen your little lettered, That are unavailable to you,

12 Call -A.PPLE. June 1983 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0016 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

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Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0017 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 Satisfying Over With Innovation

Grapp!!!.t For Apples and PrInters The Original Apple@graphics printer interface. The economical way to add printer buffering. The Since its introduction three years ago, the Bufferboard easily adds memory to your current Grappler has been imitated by many, but never Apple interface system, freeing your computer for matched. Now with Dual Hi-Res Graphics for side additional input. Easily upgradable from 16K, the by side reproductions and Mixed Bufferboard can store up to 20 pages of text. It Mode screen dump­ + ___ _ ~1\l11\ ;li ' \1 fits neatly inside your Apple, "Docking" onto your Gr"",*' - "- ing, the Grappler + existing printer interface.* No clumsy boxes or remains the most cables, no external power supplies ...just conve­ intelligent interface \ . \\r ~ nience and available. Over two ! \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\11\\\\\\ economy. With '\li~ l ~~\ dozen commands the Bufferboard, .' . give Apple users full control over any graphics or you might never ' \ . <:- • text on the Apple Screen, including a new 80 wait for your \ Butr.;',.t:i Oald ! \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ column text dump. Performance, reliability and printer again. support have made the Grappler + the #1 selling • Versions for standard Grappler + , Epson APL and Apple intelligent Apple interface. Parallel Interfaces.

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0018 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 75,000 Apple® Owners And Excellence.

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Grefe 24 on Reader Service Card Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0019 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

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17141 Z61·0Zoo ~TfA( I, ,1 ",,,',e,",',,,,, "J"",,,,, '1 1f '\{ ( Circle 33 on Reader SeNice Card Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0020 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

A Call -A.P.P.L.E. SOFTWARE REVIEW: Spreadsheet Programs

Steve Ross/reviewer

Spreadsheet 2. 0 $60.00 I have chosen to limit the scope of Speed A.PPL.E. my discussion to spreadsheet calcula­ The most important feature of 2124668th Ave. S tor programs that run on the Apple 1[, electronic spreadsheets is the true Kent, WA 98032 either in native mode (6502 machine interactive capability they provide; Not copy protected code) or in CPIM (on a 2-80 card). you see your changes immediately re­ Available to A.PP.L.E. members The reason for this limitation is that flected on the screen. As a direct only. if the Apple III, and other mid-range result, speed is a primary considera­ computers are included, certain com­ tion. If you have to wait an inordi­ G'alcStar $145.00 parisons are not meaningful because nately long period of time to get a re­ MicroPro the hardware architecture (specifically calculation, your productivity goes 1299 4th Street the CPU speed and maximum avail­ down, and that's precisely what you San Rafael. CA 94901 able memory) is different from were setting out to enhance. Not copy protected machine to machine. This limitation, Obtaining a good benchmark on while it provides for a more uniform the speed of a spreadsheet program is SuperCalc $295.00 base of comparison, precludes the a very difficult proposition because Sorcim evaluation of such packages of Visi­ po. Box 32505 some are strong in one type of arith­ Calc - Advanced Version, which is metic, where another might be strong San Jose. CA 95152 not available yet on the Apple I L in another area. Some do not update Not copy protected Before I begin, I should mention the screen quickly, and others require that I adapted the document for THE portions of the program to be brought Multiplan $275.00 Spreadsheet (Ver. 1.0), and wrote the in from disk every time they are used. Microsoft Corp. document for THE Spreadsheet (Ver. Here is a table (empirically derived) of 10700 Northup Way 2.0). THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 2.0) is a Bellevue. WA 98004 the speed considerations of several totally new program from THE spreadsheet programs: In this and Copy protected· master allows Spreadsheet (Ver. 1.0); different au­ each of the following tables, the pro­ three back ups. thors, and new, comprehensive, user­ grams are ranked in order, with 1 VisiCalc $250.00 oriented documentation. representing the highest. VisiCorp Electronic Spreadsheet 2895 Zanker Road Calculator Programs Raw Recalculation Speed San Jose. CA 95134 Electronic spreadsheet modeling 1) THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 2.0) Copy protected· Back up $20.00 became popular as the result of the 2) THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 1.0)1 efforts of two programmers and their 3) VisiCalc Apple I L The result of their work: 4) SuperCalc 2 Introduction VisiCalc™. Since the widespread 5) Multiplan P.P.L.E. has offered acceptance of the spreadsheet model­ 6) Calc Star two spreadsheet cal· ing idea, there have been many "Visi­ culator programs in Clones," or "Calc-Alikes" offered in The first three are all extremely • the last eight months, the Apple I [ market. Each of these quick, and may be able to beat A another in the group under the cor­ and we are often asked questions programs has some different features, about how our program compares but most of the basic features are rect circumstances. CP/M-based with other programs available on the identical (even down to the command Super Calc is noticeably slower when commercial market. Since the release structures!). running on the Microsoft 2-80 Soft­ of THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 2.0), we A question one has to ask is "why card. Multiplan takes a significant find ourselves answering these ques· are there so many spreadsheets?" amount of time to accomplish a recal­ tions, and we are also asked how the The primary answer is simple: they culation on a model of any size, which new version of THE Spreadsheet sell well. The other issues, however, can be very annoying, especially compares with the old one. This arti· are less obvious. This article will when entering data. Calc Star (again, cle will attempt to provide some of discuss some of the more important in the CPIM environment) seems to the answers. features of the spreadsheet calcula­ take the longest of the group.

tor, and how various implementa­ -:~- tions compare with each other.

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 17 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0021 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 SPREADSHEET PROGRAMS

Screen Update Speed VisiCalc: None. Usable Matrix Size - 40 Column SuperCalc: Online Help As people progressed from 32K 1) VisiCalc Menus. Apples to 48K, and on to 64K config­ 2) THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 1.0) Multiplan: Program over­ urations, they have realized jumps in 3) THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 2.0) laying is some­ what I call "usable matrix size." 4) Multiplan times an annoy­ Most spreadsheet programs have a (SuperCalc and CalcStar do not run ing delay. fixed size matrix. For example, Visi­ well in 40 columns) CalcStar: Online Help Calc, and both Spreadsheets are 63 Menus. columns by 254 rows. Unfortunately, VisiCalc is extremely quick at up­ the memory of the Apple fills up long dating the 40 column screen. Both Speed of Loading a Model before the matrix does. Why, then, Spreadsheets are fast, and there This is one of the most frustrat­ have a matrix so large? Long, narrow should be virtually no perceptible dif­ ing speed concerns, because when models, and short, wide ones are far ference between the response of the you call in a model from disk, pre­ more common than perfectly square top three. Multiplan, probably because sumably you have some work you models. of the extensive formatting capabili­ want to do with it immediately. If it Still, even with a 64K configura­ ties, services the screen more slowly. takes a great deal of time to load the tion (standard on the Apple IJe), Multiplan's effectiveness is severely model, you may lose the thread of there is not enough room for some compromised by running in 40 col­ thought that originally inspired you large models. This has been such a umn mode because of the windowing, to work with the model. common complaint from avid Visi­ formatting, and prompt capabilities. 1) THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 1.0) Calc users that pre-boot disks have 2) THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 2.0) been designed to allow VisiCalc to Screen Update Speed 3) SuperCalc take advantage of extra RAM on an - 80 Columns 4) Multiplan expanded RAM card. The first thing 1) THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 2.0) 5) VisiCalc to notice is that CP/M based systems 2) SuperCalc 6) Calc Star like SuperCalc and Calc Star will not 3) Multiplan be able to switch in that extra RAM, 4) Calc Star Again, as with almost all of these so they are limited to on-board RAM 5) VisiCalc (with pre-boot diskP tables, there is a certain amount of (approximately 60K program and (no 80 column mode available for variance in the performance of these data space maximum). Most other THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 1.0) packages from model to model, but spreadsheet programs either make THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 1.0) comes no provision for expanding their In 80 columns on the Apple 1[, we out a clear winner in terms of speed usable memory, or need a pre-boot are presented with a new problem: of model load. THE Spreadsheet disk of some sort. how the program supports periph­ (Ver. 2.0) is very close behind, and as Again, all the data I have on the erals. THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 2.0) is will be discussed later, has the facility various spreadsheet programs is em­ by far the most flexible, and will to support hard disk storage which pirically derived, so it is bound to be allow you to write your own video can change the outcome of the tests open to questions - especially since drivers if necessary. SuperCalc uses drastically. SuperCalc is acceptable, all of them use different memory the CP/M BIOS to handle screen up­ but it seems to do a great deal of look­ management algorithms and are dating, and is reasonably good. Multi­ ing around on the disk, and it issues more efficient at handling one sort of plan, again due to its extensive for­ many prompts to load a file. After model configuration than another. matting capabilities, is noticeably you become experienced in using a slower at "painting" the screen. Calc­ program, the prompts become an an­ 48K or 64K Apple J [ Star, in the Apple 1[ implementation, noyance. Multiplan has to do a great (Standard Configurations) seemed a bit slower than Multiplan. deal of legwork to load a file because 1) VisiCalc VisiCalc came in last, and I think the of the linked worksheet capability. In 2) THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 1.0) reason is that it simply was never in­ the case of a simple model, you pay 3) THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 2.0) tended to run in 80 columns. for this at load time. VisiCalc comes 4) SuperCalc There is a problem with compar­ out the slowest of all the spreadsheet 5) Multiplan ing 80 column screen update speed; programs. It just seems to take for­ 6) CalcStar various cards are faster than others. I ever, and the feedback to the user is used a Videx Videoterm for all tests. minimal (a blinking asterisk). The first three all display the re­ maining memory in terms of "K­ Disk Accessing bytes" left. While VisiCalc shows THE Spreadsheet None. less memory with an empty work­ (Ver. 1.0): sheet, in reality it is able to store THE Spreadsheet Only to load more information in that space than (Ver.2.0): drivers for THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 1.0). THE printers or Spreadsheet (Ver. 2.0) gives away a video boards few K-bytes of data space in return (one time only). for ease of use, and expandability.

18 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0022 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

Multiplan has a totally different con­ Interchangeability of Data Advanced Features cept of large modeling applications. It is often extremely important to In the years since the first Visi­ Most large models can be broken into be able to take the data developed in Calc implementation appeared on the a series of smaller ones. Multiplan a spreadsheet model and, for example, market, many additional features enables the user to link these smaller make a bar chart of the data. In the have been added both to VisiCalc and "detail" worksheets together auto­ micro-computer world, there is no to its competitors. VisiCalc, in its cur­ matically into a summary worksheet. "standard" file format, so very often rent implementation, is considered to Granted, you cannot have all of the these different programs are written have the "base" set of features. data in memory at once, but you can with absolutely no regard to external Other features (as implemented in call in a great deal of summarized data sources. Fortunately, there are other packages) are commonly re­ data. some de-facto standards that have ferred to as "advanced" features. evolved, at least in spreadsheet The advanced modeling features Expanded RAM Card Support modeling. The most popular, and that have appeared have been driven, THE Spreadsheet None. widely used format is DIFTM (Data to a great extent, by user demand. (Ver. 1.0): Interchange Format), which was These features include such things as: THE Spreadsheet Up to 512K developed as a standard definition of (Ver. 2.0): extra memory. data. The other option available is the • Independent column width VisiCa1c: Up to 128K standard text file, suitable for word • Protected cells extra memory processor input. • Hidden cells with pre-boot 1) VisiCa1c DIF, Text • Formatting features: disk1• Files - Centered in column Multiplan: None. 2) THE Spreadsheet DIF, Text - Leading dollar sign SuperCa1c: None. (Ver.2.0) Files - Comma edited numeric display Ca1cStar: None. 3) Multiplan Linked - User definable decimal display worksheets, • Tabbing to entry fields The only two programs that allow Text Files • Sorting on a given column extra RAM are THE Spreadsheet 4) SuperCalc Text Files • Naming rows or columns (Ver. 2.0), and VisiCa1c. VisiCa1c was 5) THE Spreadsheet Text Files and many more. never designed to access those extra (Ver. 1.0) banks of memory, consequently it 6) Calc Star Text Files The key point is that software suffers a considerable degradation in (WordStar) developers have listened to the voice speed when modified to do so. THE of the market and tried to make their Spreadsheet (Ver. 2.0) will recognize The above table is somewhat of product better than the last' 'most ad­ most RAM cards in any combination an over-simplification because THE vanced" spreadsheet calculator. up to one half megabyte. It was spe­ Spreadsheet (Ver. 1.0) also writes For every new command or feature cifically designed to take advantage files that were originally intended for included in a program, a certain of the big RAM cards, so there is no inter-program communication. The amount of data space is sacrificed to accompanying memory management problem is that virtually no programs the program. At a certain point, some problem. Before you go out and on the commercial market read those of the lesser used features must be create the model to end all models, files. kept on disk, and read in only when bear in mind that the bigger the As far as communication with required. There is a great element of model is, the longer it takes to recal­ graphics, time-series analysis, and personal preference involved in select­ culate. Often the Multiplan approach other business packages VisiCa1c and ing just how advanced a spreadsheet makes more sense, even with Visi­ THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 2.0) come out program you need. As a general rule, Calc and THE Spreadsheet. clear winners. Apparently Multiplan the more advanced the program, the Fortunately, both VisiCalc and has no such facilities, however it does bulkier it becomes. Somewhere in THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 2.0) have have the automatic linking feature, this process, what began as a concept capabilities that allow linking of dif­ which offsets some of the problems elegant in its simplicity becomes a ferent worksheets. The linking mech­ solved by DIF files. tangled mess of complicated com­ anism is far less automated than that All the packages have the facility mands that must be either memorized of Multiplan, but the capability is to write text files to the disk, but or looked up each time. there in the form of DIFTM files. That some do it more elegantly than others. The optimal spreadsheet program brings us to the topic of data inter­ THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 2.0) provides is one that balances advanced fea­ changeability both between different pagination, even in the disk files. tures against speed and usable matrix worksheets, and between the spread­ This is particularly handy because size. To comment on how well each sheet program and other, different the file appears in a (user definable) product has done in its effort to programs (like graphics programs). format acceptable to your word proc­ achieve this balance is to presume essor. Some of the other packages knowledge of the tastes of the indi­ simply write rows that are as long as vidual users. I personally favor the it takes to display all the data. This blend found in THE Spreadsheet can cause a great deal of pain when (Ver. 2.0), and find it the most usable editing the model into a written report. of the group.

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 19 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0023 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 SPREADSHEET PROGRAMS

On the other hand, Multiplan has Expanded RAM cards (16K up to 80 column boards are supported. more advanced features than any of 128K) are supported in virtually the other programs. To accomplish any combinatiQll up to 512K extra Upper and lower case are sup­ this feat, several compromises are RAM. This is done automatically ported, if available. made: Multiplan is generally slower by the program. than average, and the usable matrix All programs may be run from size is somewhat smaller than aver­ THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 1.0) hard disk. age. In addition, some of the com­ No support for 80 column boards. mands that are kept on disk take up to No support for expanded RAM 20 or 30 seconds to execute. This is cards. particularly disturbing when you are No support for lower case. just trying to insert a new blank row. No support for hard disk. User Interface The other programs vary in degree Most spreadsheet programs make between VisiCalc (no "advanced" No support for extra RAM. little, if any attempt at a "friendly" features) to Multiplan (most "ad­ user interface. The problem this vanced" features). They also vary in Multiplan poses is that commands must either success of implementation. be memorized or looked up. The two Most popular 80 column cards are exceptions to this are Multiplan and Compatibility with supported through a "setup" pro­ THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 2.0). For Apple J[ Peripherals gram. The Videx support, in par­ practical reasons, there is virtually no The one complaint I have heard ticular, is impressive. There is no user interface in any spreadsheet pro­ most often from heavy users of provision for supporting non-stan­ gram when entering data, but when spreadsheet modeling tools is that dard 80 column cards. performing certain functions, menu they cannot find a package that will selections are often a nice addition. support their particular hardware Upper and lower case are fully THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 2.0) has a configuration. The Apple 1[ can be supported in 80 column mode. "system" menu and sub-menus that: configured with so many peripheral govern all file handling operations devices that support seems almost No support for hard disk. (load worksheet, save worksheet, etc.), impossible. Let's examine how this govern all print operations (including has been approached by the various No support for extra RAM. DIF files, and printing to disk), manufacturers: allow you to define your own page VisiCalc format, and one to allow you to con­ THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 2.0) figure the program to your hardware. Several 80 column cards are sup­ Multiplan has a menu at the bot­ 80 colwnn boards are supported ported by means of a pre-boot tom of the screen at all times. Items quite nicely by THE Spreadsheet disk, a requirement of many pro­ are selectable from the menu either (Ver. 2.0). Essentially, the board is tected programs. Since VisiCalc by moving the cursor, or by typing a driven through the disk operating was never intended to run in 80 command character. system "hooks." If necessary, a columns, the display management The advantages of a little friendli­ custom driver can be written to is less than optimal. ness are obvious to most users, but support an 80 column board that the disadvantages are not. The cannot be driven this way. Three Upper and lower case supported friendlier a program gets, the more drivers are supplied on disk. only in 80 column mode. questions it tends to ask, and the more keystrokes the user must enter. There is a special set of video No support for hard disk. A computer-oriented user might be drivers that generates a "soft" inclined to enter the gibberish com­ seventy column display on the Several expanded RAM boards mand strings, rather than selecting screen with no hardware modifi­ are supported by means of a pre­ menu options. Both THE Spread­ cation. boot disk. Again, since VisiCalc sheet (Ver. 2.0) and Multiplan allow was never intended to run in an ex­ you to circumvent the friendly fea­ Upper and lower case are fully panded configuration, memory tures if you want to, bysimply typing supported. management is compromised. the proper numbers and/or letters.

Hard disks, and high density floppy SuperCalc/CalcStar Documentation disks are supported by THE One of the most important parts Spreadsheet (Ver. 2.0). The user is Both of these programs run in of a piece of software is the documen­ allowed to specify slot, drive, and CP/M, and use the BIOS to handle tation. If the docwnent is good, you volume of the particular model the simple definitions for device will be able to learn the program desired. Model load time is drasti­ handling. They also have installa­ quickly and be able to find reference cally decreased on hard disk. tion programs to allow more sophi­ material easily. sticated definition of console devices.

20 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0024 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

Some of the documents are extra­ Price If your spreadsheet application re­ ordinarily good, while others are mar­ Unfortunately, we still find that quires everything, perhaps it is time to ginal, or poorly organized. no matter what the relative merits of check and see whether a spreadsheet Since I either wrote or edited the a program, they will be weighed program really solves your problem. documents for two of the packages heavily by a potential user against the under discussion here, it is somewhat price. Often, budgets of people who inappropriate for me to review them, use personal computers are low. 1. THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 1.0) is no but I will offer a few comments. For this reason, it is important to longer available commercially, but it 1) Multiplan examine how much you really buy for serves as a useful comparison. The Multiplan document is a that hard-earned dollar, and how much 2. Multiplan is available for CPIM, but I typical Microsoft document: it it really enhances your productivity. have not had the opportunity to try it. 3. The pre-boot disk I used to obtain 80 is well organized (in general), 1) THE Spreadsheet Not on column display and expanded RAM attractive in appearance, easy (Ver. 1.0) the market capabilities with VisiCalc was the one to read, and an all around pro­ 2) THE Spreadsheet $60.00 sold by Prometheus Products, Inc. fessional job. (Ver. 2.0) sold to 2) THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 1.0) A.P.P.L.E. This is one of my documents members only (with respect to editing), and is, 3) Calc Star $145.00 at best, marginal in content. It 4) VisiCalc $250.00 is poorly organized, with an in­ 5) Multiplan $275.00 sufficient tutorial, and simply (DOS 3.3 version) does not look professional. 6) Super Calc $295.00 3) THE Spreadsheet (Ver. 2.0) This is another one of my docu­ In Conclusion ments, and I believe it com­ From the observations I have pares favorably to any docu­ presented, some spreadsheet calcula­ ment of its type, but then I am tors display consistently lower capa­ biased. bilities than the others against 4) VisiCalc which they are being compared. There The VisiCalc document is at­ is a temptation to eliminate them on tractive, well laid-out, and gen­ this basis, but one must exercise cau­ ~~ T~S Extra Special! erally professional looking. The tion in so doing. First, it is important Magic Window II tutorial section IS good, with to define the computing environment &' plenty of screen photos. The in which the program is to be run. $149.95 - 103.96 reference guide is easy to use, If you use CP/M for word process­ ~/EC~~ and the quick reference card is ing and database management, the s 1.00 credit lor all phone orders over S 1 00.00 especially good. There were a chances are that a CP/M based spread­ List Ours few places where this manual sheet calculator will be of greater use Bag ofTrlcks ...... 39.95· 29.56 Bug Byter ...... 47.50· 35.16 might have been improved, but to you than one that runs in the DOS First Class Mall (FCM) ...... 99.00· 73.26 Graforth ...... 75.00· 55.49 all the information is there. environment. If you do not feel that Graphics Magician ...... 59.95· 44.36 5) SuperCalc there are likely to be any links be­ Home Accountant ...... 74.95· 55.46 Logo (Krell) ...... 89.95· 76.46 This manual has a very brief tween your spreadsheet planning and Nibbles Away II ...... 69.95· 51.76 tutorial section which is very any other computing activities, then 16 K Card (Microsoft) ...... 99.95· 77.96 Multiplan (CP/M or dos) ...... 275.99 . 203.49 difficult to separate from the the decision must be made indepen­ Super Fan II (w/zener ray) ..... 109.00· 80.66 reference section. Often, I felt dently of computing environment. Suspended ...... 49.95· 36.96 Tasc Complier ...... 175.00 . 129.49 that some of the information I In the CP/M environment, Calc­ Word Handler ...... 199.00 . 147.26 Wizardry ...... 49.95· 36.96 needed was either not in the Star is clearly less powerful than any Zaxxon ...... 39.95· 29.56 manual, or so hard to find that I of the other spreadsheet calculators. Zoom Graphics ...... 49.95· 36.96 would rather work around what­ In the DOS environment, however, SPECIALS Dark Crystal ...... 39.95· 28.56 ever problem I was facing. the speed and power of the programs Rocky's Boots...... 49.95· 34.96 6) Calc Star is far closerl. It is extremely impor­ SAM ...... 124.95· 90.46 Bank Street Writer ...... 69.95· 49.96 The CalcStar manual is the tant to examine the balance found in Wildcard ...... 139.95 . 111.19 Screenwriter II ...... 129.95· 94.16 least professional of the group. the various programs between speed, Replay II ...... 150.00 . 122.96 It is extremely brief, and the usable matrix size, and number of ad­ COO • Money Orders. Certified Checks· Persona! copy I got was not even printed vanced features. Checks Allow 2 Weeks· N YS Res. Add Sales Ta;x US-Orders Under $150, Add $200 P&H well. The content is sparse, and For most spreadsheet modeling All Canadian. US Funds$300 P&H the reading dense. This manual applications, THE Spreadsheet (Ver. Foreign, Charges Only, Min P&H $600 does not encourage the user at 2.0) has the best balance of features; • SEND FOR FREE PRICE LIST #900 • all. coming in first, second, or third in Source TCP637 every category (and only marginally BYTES & PIECES (516) 751-2535 behind the leader in each case). Box 525 Dept. C • E. Setauket. N.Y. 11733

Circle 7 on Reader SeNice Card

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 21 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0025 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

~LIIBLE· TAKE PRONTO· DOS ONLY 2-WAY-SCROLL / MULTIPLE unUTY HIGH-SPEED DISK UTlUTY 2t.5O BY MARK SIMONSEN BY TOM WEISHAAR -- LISTINGS 3. CATALOGS SCROLL Up AND Down, Put HIGH-SPEED DOS in your Apple's normal memory, making file names and progrem lines much easier to Language Card or Apple lie hig~memory­ acceas. Arrow-keys control scroll direction..... ~ Function NonMI lists each program statement on new Pronto 10ft LIlt I'onnM BLOAD HI-RES IMAGE ...... 10 sec. line for FAST program tracing and de-bugging. 3 sec. LOAD ~ECTOR PROGRAM ...... 16 sec. 4 sec. Verlllble-DIIpItIy shows all of a program's strings and SAVE 6O-SECTOR PROGRAM ...... 24 variables with current values. CroIe-R__ shows sec. 9 sec. BLOAD LANGUAGE CARD ...... 13 sec. 4 sec. line nos. on which each variable 3. string appears ...... (TEXT FILES: No Change) Renumber/""*'«I lets you merge programs (not just Boot the Pronto disk or your updated disks, created connect end-to-end). Applesoft Auto-Une-Numblr as with the normal INIT command. Compatible with III you type. Instant Hex/Dec Converter, Program Slats, DOS comlMndl, G.P.L.E. e and most of your programs. Cursor Eliminate/Redefine, Free Space-On-Disk... Pronto-DOS will move DOS to your Language card WIth 2 ChII'IE PMIcaIPokea 8I'Id TIpe • TrIc:ka or Apple lie's standard hig~memory, giving you 10,000 " )'\" extr.ByIII of programmable memory! ProntoOOS also frees-up 15-e-....c:tora per initial­ ~ 1'1- ized disk, almost one full treck of disk space! PLUS: Auto Fre&-Disk-Space, New "TYPE" C0m­ DOS BOSS mand displays Text File contents, and much more... DISK COMMAND EDITOR (includel PMIca • Poll. CMrt) BY BERT KERSEY. JACK CASSIDY RENAME COMMANDS AND ERROR MESSAGES: ALPHA PLOT ONLY "Catalog" can be "Cat"; "Syntax Error" can be "Oops" or HI-RES GRAPHICSITEXT UnLITY 31.50 anything you want. Protect ycu'~. An unautho­ BY BERT KERSEY. JACK CASSIDY -- rized save-attempt can produce a "Not Copyable" mes­ sage, or any message you want. Also LIST-prevention DRAW IN HI-RES, on both pages, USing keyboard OR and one-key program-execution from catalog. paddles/joystick. View lines before plotting. Use mixed­ colors and Reverse (background opposite) plotting. CIIItomIa DOS. Change the Disk Volume heading to Fast hi-res circles, boxes and ellipses; filled or outlined. your message or title. Omit or alter catalog file codes. APPLE MECHANIC Fascinating documentation, tips and experiments. Cornprwee HI-R. In,... 10 1/3 0IIk-8peca Super­ SHAPE-WRITER / BYTE-zAP UnLITY Hours of juicy Apple reading material. impose hi-res pages 1 and 2 or r&-Iocate any rectangular image area anywhere on either hi-res page. BY BERT KERSEY Anyone IIIIng your dIIka (booted or not) will be for- Proportlollllly-&p.ced HI-Ree Type with adjustable SHAPE EDITOR: Keyboard-drew shapes for anima- matting DOS the way you designed it. character size and color. Upper and lower case with no tion in your progrems. Create PI'OPortlOIl8lIY~ 1.~(lncIudII;.;.;.~~PMIca.;.;._.;.;.Pok,;.;;;.;.;..CMrt;.;.;.;;;.;.;8I'Id;..;.;_Tl~P~B..;.ook,;.;;;.;;.;II2;;:)_ htablvtab limits. Sideways typing for graphs too. with special characters. Six fonts incuded. !ypeI-LIstable Applesoft demos show you how to animate All ---I.___. 8- _ disks (inciudil PMIca • Pok. CMrt 8I'Id np Book M) graphics and create professional Charts & Graphs. • ... Unlocked, Copv.ble, BYTE-ZAP: Rewrite any byte on a disk for repair or , GOTO your local alteration. LoH entire eec:tora on the ~ for inspec- .nd • with Apple Software tion. Hex/Dec!Ascii displays and input. Educational A eomr.: I * 1 I lbl instructions include experiments for making trick file PP • , 1 + .nd II.. Store for Beagle names, restoring deleted files, changing DOS, etc. Do 't -'-"'1 tor I Bros products. MORE: Useful music, text and hi-res tricks for your 1 ",~!"""!!~_n_~__ ~•• ",!.__ ",,,!,,~-,_~_...... programs. Clear educational documentation. I' If they don't (IncIudII PMIca • Pok. CMrt 8I'Id Tip Book 115) ·"APPLE" is a registered trade mark of You-Know-Who. have what you want, tell them A ..... _CHANIC t\e~ FLEX TEXT c:k: to get on the ONLY 2OI4015e171).COLUMNS WITHOUT HARDWARE stick by call­ TYPEFACES 20.00 BY MARK SIMONSEN BY BERT KERSEY ing Beagle Bros PRINT VARIABLE-WIDTH TEXT on both hi-res (619-296-6400) 28 NEW FONTS for use with Apple Mechanic pro­ screens with norm8I AppIeeoft COI'IIIMIIdi (including grems. Many sizes of fully-editable characters. Hteb 1-70). Nonnal, expanded & compressed text with or ANY Apple BEAGLE MENU: Display only the file names you want no hardware. 7Q-columns requires a monitor (not tv). Software Distributor. from your disks (e.g. only Applesoft or only Lockedfiles) Add gl'llphlca to ..xt or text to graphics. Run your for fast one-key cursor selection. existing Applesoft programs under Flex Text control. (1nc:Iudea Pwka • Poll. Ctw1 end Be. Menu) Easy to use and compatible with GPLE.e TIP DISK #1 ONLY DOS Tool K1t8 font compatibility, or use the supplied 100 TIP BOOK nps ON DISK 20.00 Flex Text typefaces. Select up to 9 fonts with control-key BY BERT KERSEY commands. Print, List and Catalog in any type style! 100 LISTABLE PROGRAMS from Beagle Bros Tip Custom text character editor included. Books 1-4. Make your Apple do things it's never donel (Includee PMIca • ~ CIwt) All 100 programs are changeable for experimentation. Includes our Apple ComIlW1d CIwt featuring all Apple­ soft, Integer Basic and DOS Commands! BEAGLE BAG (IncIudII PMIcaIPokea 8I'Id ComIlW1d CMrta) 12-GAMES.f'LUS ON ONE DISK BY BERT KERSEY BEAGLE BAG with anyone-game RUSH the following dleb by Firat CI_ M8II- locked-up disk on the market today. All 12 games are a o Alpha Plot ... $39.50 0 Pronto-DOS . $29.50 blast, the price is right, the instructions are crystal clear, ------­o Ap.Mechanic . 29.50 0 Tip Disk 111 ... 20.00 AND the dIIk II CopyIIbIe. You can even change the o Beagle Bag ... 29.50 0 Typefaces .... 20.00 programs or list them to learn by seeing how they wOrk. o DOS Boss .... 24.00 0 Utility City .... 29.50 TweIw GIi~ from the Applesoft Ace, Bert Kersey­ o Double-Take .. 34.95 Flex Text ..... 29.50 0 Add me to mailing list. 10 A$="RUaWLU RBOC YNTOOB C@OBDC": TextTrain, Slippery Digits, Wowzo, Buzzword, Mallic o Frame-Up .... 29.50 0 Already on mailing list. SPEED=180: VTAB 10: PRINT A$ Pack ... A great variety that taps ~pPle's flexibility. o Excellent In 13 (page 148). 20 FOR X=O TO LEN(A$)-1: S=SCRN(X,19): revt.w J--v AT YOUR APPLE DEALER NOW! COLOR=S+(S=12)-(S=13)-(SCRN(X,18l> 10): BEAGLE MENU too: See ''Typefaces'' disk. PLOT X,19: NEXT X: GOTO 10 (IncIudII Pwka • Pok. CMrt end Bugle Menu) UTILITY CITY FRAME·UP 21 UnLITIES ON ONE DISK HIGH-SPEED DISPLAY UTILITY BY BERT KERSEY BY TOM WEISHAAR ~wiiVisa/MasterCard/COD, call TOLL-FREE LIST FORMATTER prints each program statement MAKE PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATIONS of exist­ on a new line. Loops indented with printer pege InIka. ing hi-res, Io-res 3. text frames. FAST hi-res loads in Nationwide: 1-800-854-2003 ext. 827 A great Applesoft program de-bugger! Also... 2'h-secondsl Paddle or Keyboard-advance frames. California; 1-800-522-1500 ext. 827 Multi-Column CIIIIIogI for printouts, auto-post Run­ U...... -:t &howl _ opIIonII with each picture Alaska/Hawaii:~2122 ext. 827 number 3. Date in programs, put invisible commands in arranged and pre-programmed to display from 1 to 99 OR mail U.S. Check, Money-Qrder or Visa/MCII programs, create InvIIIbIe file ...... alphabetize/store seconds. Text Sc:Nen EcIIor lets you create black-and­ info on disk, convert dec to hex or Intager to FP, protect white text "slides" and add type "live" from the keyboard to BEAGLE BROS, 18th-Floor and append progrems, dump text to printer... during shows. M .. copIee of ..-li8ii0;. on disk to 4315 SIERRA VISTA, SAN DIEGO, CA 92103 MORE TOO: 21 Programs Total, a best-sellerl friends and associates (and home to Mom!). Acid $1.50 First Class Shipping. Any-Size Order. (Includel PMIca • Pok. CMrt 8I'Id np Book /13) (1ncIudII PMIca • ~ CMrt) Overseas add $4.00. COD add $3.00. C.lllfomi.l add ~. ALL ORDERS SHIPPED IMMEDIATELY. Circle 6 on Reader Service Card Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0026 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

MACHINE POWER: Creating an Amper­ Library ------Bill Parker/Call -A.P.P.L.E. staff writer --

N January 1983 we saw how To begin with, I suggest that you This is where you put a machine code machine code can greatly take the logical step of setting aside a instruction to transfer control to an benefit your BASIC program­ disk or two just for amper-utilities. amper-utility in memory. The prob­ I ming. We also saw some good You can then pick and choose from lem is: which one? places to both obtain and to place among them and put together a nice One method of handling this prob­ machine code routines. little package suitable for the Apple­ lem is to have the beginning of each One of the most popular methods soft program you are developing. You utility check each letter of the & com­ of using machine code to squeeze will need to choose from among them mand and if there is a mismatch, con­ more out of Applesoft involves using simply because there are far more trol is passed to the next utility down the ampersand technique. amper-utilities out there than you the line for checking. The problem As most of you know by now, the have room for in memory. with this method is the complexity lowly "&" symbol allows you to Now, to be able to use amper­ reached when several utilities are be­ create an incredible variety of new utilities you cannot just load a bunch ing used; when files become large or commands and add power, speed and of them into memory and hope that when utilities are removed or added. flexibility to Applesoft. Better yet, the ampersand will find the right one. Clearly, a better method is needed. every month you can almost be Rather, there are two issues that you A better solution is to create one assured that some Apple-related must deal with first: command parsing parsing routine, separate from the publication will offer a new "amper­ and relocatability. utilities, that receives control from utility" for you to drool over. The Command parsing refers to analyz­ the amper-vector at $3F5 and then problem lies in trying to figure out ing the command following the "&" transfers control to the proper amper­ what to do with them all! (Note: good character in the program and finding utility. Such a scheme involves using articles on the ampersand technique the utility program in memory that a command table of valid amper­ itself can be found in the May 1980 corresponds to it. If the Applesoft in­ command names to check the & name (p. 26) and Jan. 1981 (p. 27) issues of terpreter, as it scans and executes in the program against an address Call -A.P'P.L.E. as well as on pg. your program, finds an "&" char­ table to find the address of the appro­ 123 of Call A.P.P.L.E. In Depth - acter, it turns control over to the in­ priate amper-utility when the correct No. 1). struction at location $3F5 (1013). name is located. :ASM ******************************** 2 * * 3 * AMPER-LIBRARY FRONT END * 4 * * 5 * by Bill Parker * 6 * 7 * Call -A.f.P.L.E. : June 1983 * 8 ********************************* * 10 11 * Noh: Step 1 begins at the 12 * end of this front end. 13 * Work your way back up. 14 15 -======* 16 * FRONT END -- Step 5 * 17 • Decide program's beginning * 18 *------* 19 20 * The following information is for usino the insert-the­ 21 * aachine-code-proqram-between-DOS-and-its-buffers method: 22 23 * A. ASM)ble this program to determine its length. 24 * The PAUSE statement at the end of this program 25 * will allow you to hit the space bar and see the length. Write 26 * this number down and hit [RETURN] to continue the assembly. 27 * B. Q)uit, C)ataloo, BRUN EXAM/MOVE 28 * DOS BUFFERS, enter [CR], and reenter the E)ditor.

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 23 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0027 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

CREATING AN AMPER-LIBRARY

Just such a technique is used in With such a routine, you can com­ Because the routine is in front of all the excellent article, "Print Using bine any combination of am per­ of the amper-utilities, it is also and Friends" (PUF), on p. 85 of the utilities and use them in any order known as a "front end processor" Call -A.P.P.L.E. In Depth - No. 1 from within a program. This is done and is referred to by that name in this issue. Despite its cryptic name, it by first loading the routine into article. really is something that can help you memory, appending all the amper­ The solution to the first problem in a variety of Applesoft program­ utilities you want beneath it, storing of command parsing, unfortunately, ming situations. What is presented the names and starting addresses of brings us to the second problem of here is an expanded version of it. each utility in command and address relocatability. tables, and setting the ampersand vector to point toward the routine. 29 * C. Use the USER command to find the beginning 30 * of the DOS buffers. Put them where you want them. 31 * D. Move the buffers down the length of this 32 * program, e.g., S9CF8-1S& (where len=lS&) 33 * .9CSC [CRl 34 * Your program will assemble and load just above this. 35 * E. Update the two statements below with the 3& * buffer address + 1: 37 ORC $8000 ; e. g. , S9C50 would go here 38 OBJ saooo ; II .. II II II 39 40 * F. ASM)ble again, Q)uit and Sla,e both the source 41 * and the O)bject file under a new, convenient name. 42 * G. Q)uit to BASIC and POKE 72,0 to clear an error caused by 43 * Big Mac's O)bject save command. This program can then be BRUN 44 * and will automatically set the DOS buffers and the 45 * ampersand vector to the proper locations. 4& 47 FRONTSEC EOU * 4B 8000 38 49 PUSHBUFS SEC BOOI A9 00 SO LOA I(FRONTBEC 8003 E9 U 51 SBe 138 8005 8D 00 9D 52 S11 BUFPTR 8008 19 80 53 LOA I)FRONTBEC 800A E9 00 54 sse 10 800C 80 01 90 55 STA BUFPTR+ 1 BOOF 20 04 A7 S& JSR MOVEBUFS 8012 A9 10 57 SETAMPHK LOA I(PROGBEG 8014 8D H 03 5B STA AMPERHK+l 8017 19 80 59 LOA I)PROGBEG BO 19 80 F7 03 &0 STA AMPERHK+2 801 C 60 61 RTS &2 63 PROCBEC EOU &4 * 65 *======-======* 6& * FRONT END -- Step 4 * 67 * Table of Equates * 68 * Hove EOUates from amper- * 69 * module to this centralised * 70 * area. * 71 72 *------** Page 0 Locations * 73 74 TXTPTR*------* EQU SB8 75 76 77 **------* Keyboard Buffer * 78 79 KEYBOBUF*------* EOU S200 80 81 *------* 82 • Page 3 Locations * 83 84 AHPERHK*------* EOU S3F5 85 86 87 **------* DOS Locations * 88 89 *------*BUFPTR EQU 59000 90 MOVEBUFS EQU $A7D4

24 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 • Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0028 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

Relocatability refers to the capa­ The problem becomes more serious utilities you want into an area of bility of a machine language program when you realize that most amper­ memory protected by DOS and its to run anywhere in memory. This is utilities, as presented in magazines, buffers. As discussed in the January an important feature if you must are non-relocatable! While it is pos­ issue, this area provides protection move a program around in memory sible to translate a non-relocatable against everything except being over­ or cannot guarantee that a program program into a relocatable one, the written by other programs that blindly will have the same starting address. method is complicated, has restric­ load into the area beneath DOS with­ The problem with writing code so tions, and is beyond the scope of this out regard to where the buffers begin. that it is relocatable is that it is diffi­ article. (Sadly, such an example is GPLE). cult, unwieldy, and uses excessive The solution to this is to use an Here's what the area looks like memory. It is also impossible if you assembler as something called a (see Figure 1). Note that the bottom need storage for tables, ASCII char­ "relocating linking loader," which of DOS proper is not where you acters, etc. Once you have set up a can relocate any number of machine might think it is and that the pointer storage area that is attached to the code programs anywhere in memory. to the "beginning" of the DOS buf­ program, the program instantly We will also need a good place in fers is actually 37 bytes below the becomes non-relocatable. Since once memory to deposit the program. actual beginning! you specify in the program where the The remainder of this article A snappy little utility is enclosed table begins, when the program is shows you how to use the Big Mac here called, "EXAM/MOVE DOS moved, the table is moved. The pro­ assembler to load a front end amper­ BUFFERS." It takes all the bother gram can only look at the old address command processor and all the amper- out of trying to find out where your of the table, which just isn't there buffers actually begin and can also anymore. move the buffers up or down any distance you like. While intended for APPLE II use within Big Mac's "USER" com­ System Map mand to aid in the construction of your Amper-Library, it can also function by itself through the "&" symbol just as well. The major thrust of this article, however, is dedicated to the follow­ DOS DOS ing listing of a front end processor that is loaded with remarks to hold your hand and walk you through the steps necessary to create your own amper-library. Once you get the hang of it, you can easily add or remove amper-utilities from the (40192) library and save the library under a ['9000- 7 Bytes 7 Bytes different name that is ready to be Free Space Free Space (40189) $9CF8~ BLOADed and used from a running (40147) $9CD3- DOS Machine __ Machine code loads Applesoft program. Buffers Code just above the buffers (38400) $9600- Programs and grows up in memory

LOW·COST PRECISION DOS .-Buffers grow down Buffers in memory AID FOR APPLE W!> • 4 DIFFERENTIAL ANALOG INPUTS • 4 ISOLATED CONTROL OUTPUTS • RANGE ± 4.864 VOLTS • RESOLUTION OF 1 MILLIVOLT • 8 CONVERSIONS PER SECOND • EXPANDABLE TO 64 CHANNELS Applesoft Applesoft SPECIAL LOW PRICE $195 Program Program Space Space ACCESSORIES 2-CHANNEL THERMOCOUPLE THERMOMETER 1· CENTIGRADE ACCURACY $135 6-CHANNEL THERMOMETER $155 16-CHANNEL MULTIPLEXER $160 1-4 CHANNEL OUTPUT CONTROLLER CALL AVAILABLE SOON: LOW'COST, HIGH SPEED, 12-BIT IVD CONVERTER LAWSON LABS, INC. 5700 RAIBE ROAD Before After COLUMBIA FALLS, MONTANA 59912 Relocation Relocation 406-387-5355 - figure 1 - Circle 13 on Reader Service Card

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 25 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0029 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

CREATING AN AMPER-LIBRARY

91 92 ------* 93 * System 1/0 Locations * 94 95 STROBE*------* EQU SCOOO 96 STRBCLR EOU SCOlD 97 98 99 **------* Applesoft Locations * 100 101 ADDON*------* EQU SD998 102 PRSYNERR EOU tDEC9 103 104 *------* 105 * Monitor Locations * 106 107 *------*BELL EQU SFBDD 108 CLREOL EQU SFC9C 109 CLREOP EOU SFC42 110 *======* 111 * FRONT END - & Command Parser * 112 * Compare &command with table * 113 * and find its number. * 114 801D: A2 00 115 CMDPARSR*------* LDX 10 80H: 8E 56 80 116 STX CMDNO ;Start at beginning 8022: AD 00 117 FNDI LDY 10 8024: ED 57 80 118 FND2 LDA CMDTBL, X iGet table character 8027: FO 18 119 BEQ CMDFND ;O=end of command in table 8029: C9 FF 120 CMP UFF ;All cmds checked in table? 8028: FO 08 121 BEQ ERRMSC i-Yes; no match, so error 8020: 01 88 122 CMP (TXTPTR) ,Y i-No i check prog char 802F: DO 07 123 BNE GETNXCMD iNo match; try next table cmd 8031: C8 124 INY ; P t r to cmd in pro 9 8032: E8 125 INX ;Ptr to cmd in table 8033: DO EF 126 BNE FND2 ;Branch always 8035: 4C C9 DE 127 ERRMSC JMP PRSYNERR ;Prints SYNTAX ERROR IN line no. 8038: E8 128 GETNXCMD INX 8039: BD 57 80 129 LDA CMDTBL,X ;Get nest table cmd char 803C: DO FA 130 BNE CETNXCMD ;O=end of cmd; try next cmd 803E: E8 131 INX 80H: EE 56 80 132 INC CMDNO 8042: DO DE 133 BNE FNDI ;Branch always 8044: 2098 D9 134 CMDFND JSR ADDON ;Add Y displcmnt to TXTPTR 8047: DE 56 80 135 ASL CMDND ;Mult CHDND by 2 (2 byte addr) 8041: AE 56 80 136 LDX CMDNO 804D: BD U 80 13? LDA ADDRTBL+l,X Tricky way to 8050: 48 138 PHA ;JMP to amper-module 80S 1: BD 69 80 139 LDA ADDRTBL, X 8054: 48 140 PHA 8055: 60 141 RTS ;This does the JMP! 142 CMDNO DS 143 144 -======* 145 * FRONT END -- Step 3 * 146 * Command Table * 147 * Add tOkenised/low ASCII * 148 * version of new & command * 149 * at end of command table here * 150 * End with a "0" and a name. * 151 * (Token chart is on pg. 121 * 152 * and ASCII chart is on pg 139 * 153 * of the Applesoft manual). * 154 8057 42 45 4C *------* 805A 4C 00 155 CMDTBL DFB 66,69,76,76,0 ;BELL 805e BD Cl 45 805F 4F 4C 00 156 DFB 189,193,69,79,76,0 ;CLEAR TO EOL 8062 BD C 1 45 8065 4F 50 00 IS? DFB 189,193,69,79,80,0 ;CLEAR TO EOP 8068 FF 158 HEX FF ;End of command table

26 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0030 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

159 *==_==z======_======* 160 " FRONT END -- Step 2 " 161 " Address Table " weAre Not 162 " Add name of new & command " 163 " at end of address table here" 164 " (must be same as label at " 165 " beginning of new & module). " PIRATES 166 "------,, But We Can Show You HOW 8069 DC FB 167 ADDRTBL DA BELL-1 To 8068 9B FC 168 DA CLREOL-l 806D 41 FC 169 DA CLREOP-l UNLOCK LOCKED-UP 170 SOFTWARE 171 -======* 172 " FRONT END -- Step 1 " \'lIth our cOll'lplete program listings 173 " Amper-Modules " Jnd c,tepbystep Instructions 174 " Append ampersand utilities " 175 " here. " YOU CAN, TOO! 176 " New utilities must have any" 177 " ORGs/OBJs stripped off and " 1 78 " they must beg in wi th a label " 179 " (used in the Command and " c~re 180 " Address Tables above). " 181 " Be su re to ke ep the PAUSE " IN-DEPTH COVERAGE 182 " statement at the end of the " of 183 " utilities. " Special Interest Subjects 184 "------,, • GRAPHICS • DATA BASES • UTILITIES • GAMES --End assembly-- For HobbYists and Advanced Computlsts 111 bytes Published Quarterly Errors: 0 :ASM hardcDre 2 * HARD FACTS 3 " EXAMIMOVE DOS BUFFERS * 4 " * on 5 by Bill Parlter • APPLE SOFTWARE 6 " 7 " Call -A.P.P.L.E. : June 1983 *" An Unprecedented and Contra 8 " " verslal disclosure of closely-held """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 10 COMPUTER SECRETS 11 " This program tell you the " 12 " actual beginning address of 13 " your DOS buffers. How to: Back-Up Disks 1 4 " It then waits for you to " Customize 15 " type in either how many " Commercial programs 16 " bytes (in decimall you want " Undo copy-protection & MOre! 17 " to move the buffers down (-) " Published 8 times yearly 18 " or up (+), or if you want to " 19 " Rlestore the buffers to " 20 " their normal location at " 11 " HCF8. A [C/Rl then ubui Ids. 22 " the buffers at that location" 13 " This program can be used " Z4 " to move the DOS buffers " %5 " below a machine code program" 26 " To use as is, BRUN it and " Z7 " use the & command to Z8 " initialise it. • Z9 " To use from Big Mac, do " 30 " the following: BRUN BIG MAC, * 31 " enter E)dit, enter MON)itor, " 32 " BRUN EXAMIMOVE DOS BUFFERS, * 33 " enter [Ctrl-Yl [C/R], enter * 34 " E)dit mode, then enter USER " 35 " " 37 """"""*"""""""***""*"**"*"*"**** 38 39 ORG $300 40 OBJ $3 00 41 42 *==z======* Circle 26 on Reader SeNice Card 43 " Table of Equates * 44 " (Alphabetical Order) " 4S *c======_=az====_==*

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 27

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0031 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

CREATING AN AMPER-LIBRARY

46 AMPERHK IOU $3F5 47 BUFPTR Eau $ 9000 48 COUT EOU HOEO 49 CR tau SSD 50 CROUT EOU H08E 51 FRMEVL Eau SD07B 52 GETAOR EOU $E 752 53 INLIN Eau $052C 54 KEYBOBUF EOU noo 55 L INNUM Eau S 50 56 MOVEBUFS EOU SA704 57 PRNTAX EOU H941 58 RDKEY EOU HOOC 59 TXTPTR tau $ B8 60 61 *======* 62 " Reset Ampersand Vector 63 *======*" 0300 A2 DB 64 RESETHKS LOX I(EXAMBUFS iEnable Big Mac's 0302 AD 03 65 LOY I>EXAMBUFS i "USER" command to 0304 8E F6 03 66 STX AMPERHK+1 ipoint toward th i s r 0 uti ne 0307 BC F7 03 67 STY AMPERHK+ 2 030A 60 68 RTS 69 *======* 70 * Main Program * 71 *======* 030B A9 A4 72 EXAMBUFS LOA 1"$" iShow hex notation 0300 20 EO FO 73 JSR COUT 0310 AD DO 90 74 LOA BUFPTR 0313 18 75 CLC 0314 69 25 76 AOC 137 iAdd displacement to 0316 AA 77 TAX 0317 AO 01 90 78 LOA BUFPTR+1 ;actual top of buffers 03lA 69 00 79 AOC 10 031C 20 41 F9 80 JSR PRNTAX i and print actual address 03lF 20 OC FO 81 GETANS JSR ROKEY 0322 20 ED FD 82 JSR COUT 03Z5 C9 80 83 EVALRESP CMP ICR 0327 FO 4C 84 BEG END 03Z9 C9 AO 85 CMP III _" 032B FO OA 86 BEG MOVEDOVN 032D C9 AB 87 CMP III +11 03lF FO 10 88 BEG MOVEUP 0331 C9 02 89 CMP I"R" 0333 FO 30 90 BEG RESTORE 0335 DO D4 91 BNE EXAMBUFS 0337 20 78 03 92 MOVEOOIJN JSR SETUPMOV ;Convert dec displ. to hex 033A 38 93 SEC iMakes SBC work properly 033B AD 00 90 94 LOA BUFPTR ;Subtract displacement 033£ E5 50 95 SBC LINNUM ifrom where DOS buffer 0340 80 00 90 96 STA BUFPTR ipointer is pointing 0343 AO 01 90 97 LOA BUFPTR+ 1 0346 E5 S 1 98 SBC LINNUM+1 0348 SO 01 90 99 STA BUFPTR+l 034B BB 100 CLV 034C 50 SO 101 BVC EXAMBUFS iBranch a I wa y s 034E 20 7B 03 102 MOVEUP JSR SETUPMOV ;Convert dec displ. to hell 0351 18 103 CLC 0352 AD 00 90 104 LOA BUFPTR iAdd 0355 displacement 65 50 105 ADC LINNUM ito OOS buffer pointer 0357 8D 00 9D 106 STA BUFPTR 03 SA AO 01 90 107 LOA BUFPTR+l 0350 65 51 108 ADC LINNUM+l 03 SF aD 01 90 109 STA BUFPTR+ 1 0362 BB 110 CLV 0363 50 A6 111 BVC EXAMBUFS iBranch alway s 0365 A2 03 112 RESTORE LOX ISD3 ;Normal pOinter 0367 AD 9C 113 LDY IS 9C ;settings 0369 8E 00 90 114 STX BUFPTR 036C ac 01 90 115 STY BUFPTR+ 1 036F 20 8E FD 116 JSR CROUT 0372 S8 117 CLV 0373 50 96 118 BVC EXAMBUFS 0375 4C 04 A1 119 END JMP MOVEBUFS ;Rebuild bufs at new setting

28 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 • Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0032 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

120 *======* 121 * Subroutine Section - 122 *======- 0378: AZ 00 123 SETUPMOV LOX I(KEYBOBUF Gf1ElEPHONE soJWARE CONNE~': iLets FRMEVL work properly U ,I) 110 LOY i>KEYBDBUF - u 0 037A : AD 02 124 ..... --0 .. 03 7C: 86 88 125 STX TXTPTR - > .. 037E : 84 89 126 STY TXTPTR+l -;-:! 0380 : 10 lC 05 127 JSR INL IN :01&1 ;Cet dec. displace 0~1:! .. CIILL. ment -I .. 10 .. 0383: 20 78 DD 1 Z8 JSR FRMEVL >:;; ; iPut in FAe .. 0386 : 20 52 E7 129 JSR GETAOR "-0.. i FAe to LINNUM ~~~ (2 byte form) :~~ 0389: 60 130 RTS =,. '",= ....~ ::E u 0 --End assembly-- 138 bytes Software deliyered via your MDDBM. Errors: 0 Cal I us now for some FREE samples: nm.- __ ----a a a II 1-213-516-9432 POST OFFICE BOX 6548 - TORRANCE. CALIFORNIA 90504

~ 1983 Telephone Software Connection, Inc.

Circle 37 on Reader Service Card

THE ULTIMATE APPLE@ DISK UTILITIES THE INSPECTORlMAND WATSON™

" The Inspector is one of the most valuable additions tor. The utilities of Watson are available in most I have made to my Apple. I use it almost daily in cases through software, but from a variety of dif­ repairing blown disks, editing files, and many other ferent sources. Watson combines them all together uses. There are other disk access utilities on the in a convenient and powerful package that is always market, but almost all require a separate program available. Since Watson must be used in conjunc­ to be run. The Inspector is always available and tion with the Inspector, the package as a whole easily accessed when in ROM. likewise, if the disk must also be evaluated. Consequently, since the version is used, it is always available if you boot the routines provided by both the Inspector and Watson modified DOS. The documentation is excellent, and are so useful and the documentation clear and well the product is superb. Rating AA. (Disk $59.95) done, the overall package must be considered as Watson greatly expands the potential of the Inspec- outstanding. Rating AA. (Disk $49.95) " ~n MONTY LEE. VOLUME 4, NUMBER 2, 1983

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Circle 23 on Reader Service Card Call -APPLE June 1983 29 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0033 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 Hitch your Apple to a Stu:

Apple, CP/M ~ IBM PC al'(" registrred tradellllll'b ofApple Computer Inc., Digital Research Inc. {$IBM Corp. rrspectiVf'1y.

Now when you buy our best selling WordS tar word processing software or InfoStar data base manager for your Apple II, II+ or lIe computer, we'll throw in a free CP/M board. (The one that gives you full implementation of WordS tar in one board instead of three. ) With it, you'll be able to take full advantage ofthe advanced features that already made WordStar Nu 1 on the IBM PC. And you can use InfoStar data base manager to enter, sort, and report information without programming in code. To take us up on our offer, hurry down to your local computer store before August 31 and pick up WordStar or InfoStar: Either one will make your Apple shine. III Technical Data: Board Includes 6 MHz Z-80B Processor, 64,K RAM, CP/M 2.2, 70 Column High MlcraPra~ Resolution Capability, Shift ~ Modification I~("t', And Expansion Interface Connft'tOr. Software that means business 1M

Circle 18 on Reader Service Card

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0034 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 Special Education Section PREPARING FOR LIFE: The Arcadian Approach Michael Shadick

au know it. one of the primary ingredients in the you're an old pro at the particular Kids and others who've phenomenal success of video gaming, game you happen to be playing, or a been exposed (subjected?) both at the arcades and at home, is: beginner. Y to it at school, know it. These games offer the element of The reader will note that the Know what? That most educational endless challenge. The video game above characteristic of video games software stinks. (There's another "s" player is constantly challenged by the - the endless challenge which they word which describes it even better.) game itself - challenged to ever im­ present, and continue to present, to Pardon the rough language, but it's prove his or her score, i.e., his or her every player - is the very same the Gospel truth that most of the peo­ performance at the game, whether characteristic that is conspicuous by ple who write educational software the game be PacMan, Space In­ its utter absence from most educa­ know lots about programming, but vaders, or you-name-it. tional software. Indeed, most of the precious little about teaching or Indeed, for most of the arcade and software programs in current use in learning. home games currently in vogue, schools today are largely concerned And it shows. there is theoretically no upward limit with (shudder!) eliminating as much Most of the educational software to performance whatsoever! In other of the challenge that they inherently of today (we won't even mention words, the challenge of the games is (if accidentally) possess, as possible! yesterday's!) seems to subscribe to omnipresent, if you will, whether Such, indeed, is their very object! the three B's: Boring, Banal, and just -c,.)- plain Bad. There's a relatively new educa­ tional "movement" afoot, however, AN APPLE FOR THE TEACHER that shows a great potential for Kathryn Hallgrimson Suther changing all of the above. A move­ ment which portends to radically alter the very concept of educational soft­ EVERAL members and skill programs you purchased to help ware. (Though it could be argued that readers have communicated your children at home? How are they there is no such concept to alterl). a desire for an educational working out? What opinions do your Of what, then, will the new soft­ Scolumn. As a club, we strive children have on these programs? ware consist? Of a marriage between to meet the needs of our members Remember the world of education two hitherto unrelated (and, indeed, and hope this series will be helpful to stretches into many facets of life. You allegedly opposed) philosophies: the educators and parents alike. need not limit yourself to the previ­ philosophy of learning (and teaching), We would like to encourage teach­ ous suggestions. Feel free to contact and the philosophy of the video arcade ers and writers, affiliated with the us at the editorial office if you have game. educational process, to contribute any questions. Before any educators or others material for possible publication. If In this issue we inaugurate the among you laugh, consider the power­ you are teaching a computer course, column with a general discussion on ful (and yes, potentially positive) influ­ perhaps you have success or "sob" educational software between Michael ence which video games exert over stories to relay. Jotting down your Shadick and Mark Cross. We include tens of millions of youthful Ameri­ experiences and developing them into a book review on KIDS AND THE cans. Even more significantly, con­ an article could very well be of general APPLE along with a software review sider why. That is: Why have video interest. Don't hesitate to be artisti­ of Master Type, two fine products games so completely captured the cally creative. We'd love photographs which deserve your attention. hearts (if not the hands) of young and/or art work, which enhance the Looking ahead, we have scheduled America? article and our magazine. a review on Arcademic Skill Builders There are, of course, many pos­ Teachers are also interested in the by Developmental Learning Systems. sible answers to that question, de­ educational software available on the In the months to come, we shall focus pending on which "expert" you talk market. Perhaps you're very pleased on both reviews and other types of in­ to, and also on which side of the with a program used in your class­ formative features. Keep your eyes parental/educator fence they happen room. Other educators may like to on this column, and if you can, give to be sitting! Yet all will agree that hear about it. What about those basic us a helping hand.

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 31

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0035 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

THE ARCADIAN APPROACH Thus, a student who is "learning" even has the audacity (though some tional, and performance-improvement via educational software, is able to might term it the farsightedness) to characteristics of video gaming, may sooner or later (usually sooner) fully term the resulting software as their be just what the doctor - or in this master whatever learning activities or "Arc-Ed" curriculum! case, the instructor - ordered! tasks are presented in the software, To report in-depth, however, on Seemingly for years now, educa­ thus rendering said software com­ the success of these pioneering pro­ tors have downplayed, pooh-poohed, pletely useless in terms of its ability jects (though some parents and edu­ and even degraded and decried the to supply any further motivation cators might describe them in less influence which video games are hav­ whatsoever to improve the learner's glowing terms!) would be - at this ing on America's youth. Perhaps it is performance. junction - premature, at best. Suf­ time now for educators to take a sec­ In starkly dramatic contrast, fice to say, then, that at this point, ond, more constructive look at the video games never cease to challenge Arc-Ed software is receiving mixed games, with an eye out for more the "learner"! And the player is in reviews, and is being greeted with its closely scrutinizing and analyzing fact learning every second. He or she share of acceptance, rejection, and exactly what are the motivational and is learning how to improve his or her notoriety. (Perhaps needless to say, challenging aspects of the games performance! That propensity - or none of the rejection is coming from which work so well in improving the eternal potential, as it were - which students!) performance of their players! every popular video game possesses Thus, it remains to be seen as to For what end? For the purpose of in such unlimited measure, is the whether the motivational character­ applying the unprecedented motiva­ very factor which makes these games istics which have made and are mak­ tionallevels of the games, to the most enduringly and unendingly popular ing video gaming such an overwhelm­ important "game" of all: namely, with so many growing millions of ingly popular phenomenon, can be educating today's students jfn' t(nJlOrrow. players. successfully applied to educational Imagine, if you will, if learning software. One thing seems sure, how­ tasks as relatively mundane as spell­ ever: "traditional" educational soft­ ~ ing and arithmetic were made as ware sorely needs a shot in the arm - challenging as today's video games! nay, massive transfusions! - if it is to Impossible? Not at all! Several educa­ ever achieve its touted potential. And tional software firms are, even as I the unparalleled challenge, motiva- write these words and you read them, taking the first small steps (giant steps for humankind?) towards suc­ cessfully applying the phenomenally high motivational aspects of video THE ARCADE GAME CALLED LEARNING? games, directly to educational soft­ Michael Shadick ware development. One such firm

The comments made by Dr. Cross The students of today embrace Are all too truel And yet. The video game age. EDITOR BYTES BACK Were arcade "tricks" injected into If things were only diffrent? Well, Courseware, one can bet From Page 5 They aren'tl The courseware sage The programs would get used much morel Who still persists in programming There's lots more to tell about, but Or should we say, get PLAYED? For only "careful thought" we'd rather take a couple of lines to Let's face it: Kids respond when more Might win much praise. And yet. will mention that the Anaheim Applefest Excitement is displayed I Students USE it? likely notl appeared to have been a roaring suc­ cess, and Judging bl( attendance, there It's true that zapping aliens Unlike so many, I believe Will be another one next l(ear. The Does not teach much deep thought. The younger generation And yet. that arcade FLAVOR is AP,P.L.E cooth stafFed bl( nine of our Is rapidly acquiring skills Why games are selling hotl best, had people stacked Four deep They'll need, to lead our natlonl So, why not just incorporate Technology has far surpassed most of the time, and lacked not for Some "arcademic" action The "boob tube" era. Now, populorltl(. In programs which are meant to teach. The kids are INTERACTING with Bl( now, (Mal(, as we write this) the They'd have much more attraction! Their micro screens - and HOWl Boston Applefest IS hlstorl( to l(ou, an adventure to us. We hope In Jull( to The "smartest" courseware in the world Dare courseware writers "miss the boat" pass on at least a comment or two on Is useless, if not USED. By programming Just knowledge? what should be one of the two biggest It might teach reams of careful thought. Indeed, they well might benefit Apple shows in the countn,.J. And with So what. if it's refused? By gOing back to "coliege"l Adventure games - today, that's where that, we have run ourselves out of I'm speaking of the education The action surely isl space, so our parting comment must be Taking place each day If teachers aren't adventurous, In student video arcadesl a brief "catchl(a later" ~ They're in the wrong, wrong bizl (You know a BETTER way?)

32 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0036 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 We've moved ahead a byte in time since the Tower of Babel. And at least three things have improved. Here they are: Thing Number One: Our Communication's Improved. With AMPER-MAGICTM there's no need to know machine lan­ guage to benefit from its power. To your ApplesoftTM programs you can attach slick, finished machine language routines (referenced by name, not by address, no less) in seconds. No separate BLOADing. And then, with AMPER-MAGIC commands, you can pass variables back and forth directly, just as you would with built-in Applesoft commands. So, name your routine, perform the append procedure (only once please), and AMPER-MAGIC takes over - generating machine language speed where it counts: in your programs. Even your commercial programs. And, if for some reason you want to remove the routine, AMPER-MAGIC can do this too. Thing Number Two: Our Communication's Improved. AMPER-MAGIC also gives you access to hundreds of relocatable machine language routines, including those from magazines and other libraries, and - most notably - those from AMPER­ MAGIC itself, which has over fifty routines of its own in two volumes. Some of AMPER-MAGIC's routines are: Find substring Swap variables GOSUB, COTO a variable Speed up Applesoft Input anything Search string array And, of course, there are others too, for business, educational, recreational and word-process uses. With AMPER-MAGIC you attach and access. It's really that simple. You can attach an unlimited number of commands to any program and you can move any set of commands as a unit to any other program. A marvelous simplicity, wouldn't you say? Thing Number Three: Our Communication's Improved. Compatible with AMPER-MAGIC you can get the AM PER­ MAGIC COMMAND LIBRARY. Already available is Volume 2, which contains twenty-seven machine language routines devoted to information displays and output capabilities. With Volume 2 you get: a WAIT command, which specifies time in ordinary tenths of seconds either as a variable or as an expression which can be controlled by the program; the most powerful PRINT USING command yet devised; and, of course, twenty-five other commands. Future volumes include INPUT USING, fancy memory management and various sorting routines. Imagine! Only $75.00 for the original AMPER-MAGIC by Bob Nacon Only $35.00 for AMPER-MAGIC COMMAND LIBRARY, Volume 2 Plus shipping. Me and Visa accepted.

For those of you who would like AMPER-Magic's routines in your own programs, just ask for Anthro-Digital's no cost licensing See your dealer or contact us. policy. Anthro-DigitaI. 103 Bartlett Avenue, Pittsfield, MA 01201 AMPER-MAGIC and AMPER-MAGIC COMMAND LIBRARY are Telephone (413) 448-8278, Telex 467622 trademarks of Anthro-Digital, Inc. "The Company That Interfaces People and Computers" Applesoft is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Also available from Anthro-Digital: Versacalc (several versions), Visicalc Formatting Aids, The Executive Secretary, The Personal Secretary, and Executive Speller, Hebrew II and Hebrew II Plus, S-C Macro Assembler, QuickTrace, Amper-Magic, The Rental Manager, F.A.R.M. accounting packages, The Performance Manager, Omniscan VideoDisc interface, and Flipper. Circle 3 on Reader SeNice Card DEALERS INVITED

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0037 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

SCHOOL'S OUT. • • BUT THAT DOESN'T MEAN YOU CAN'T TAKE ADVANTAGE OF OUR STUDENT SOFTWARE DISCOUNT!!

At last, school's out and you've finally got all that time to really get into your Apple. The problem is, where to get the big bucks you need to get the really good software you need to put your time to the most efficient use? Well, you should have guessed that Southwestern Data Systems could solve that programming problem, just like it solves all the others! For the summer only, June 1 to August 31,1983, we're offering a terrific Student Discount on our best software. Just check out these prices:

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The MERLIN 6502 Macro Assembler $ 64.95 $39.95 $25.00 Munch-A-Bug 6502 de-bugger $ 49.95 $29.95 $20.00 Assembly Lines: The Book $ 19.95 $14.95 $ 5.00

Apple-Doc $ 39.95 $24.95 $15.00 List Master $ 39.95 $24.95 $15.00

Routine Machine $ 64.95 $39.95 $25.00 Amper-Array $ 49.95 $29.95 $20.00 Amper-Chart $ 49.95 $29.95 $20.00 Amper-Screen $ 49.95 $29.95 $20.00 Amper-Sampler I $ 49.95 $29.95 $20.00 Printographer $ 49.95 $29.95 $20.00

Communications Software

P-Term: The Professional $134.95 $89.95 $45.00 Ascii Express: The Professional $134.95 $89.95 $45.00 Ascii Express II (The original) $ 59.95 $34.95 $15.00

Online $ 89.95 $54.95 $35.00

THE CATCH: You've got to be a student to get the Student Discount! (Sort of follows, doesn't it?). This special offer is extended to students aged 18 or under. To qualify, send us your name, age, school attended and its address along with your order.

As usual, our unconditional 30 day guarantee applies to any of these products, so there's no risk in even trying the software out. If you haven't heard your friends talking about some of these great programs, you're hanging out with the wrong crowd, but don't panic, just call and we'll send you a complete description of our software - but hurry, summer's going fast!

*Plus $2.50 for shipping. To order, send check or money order to: California residents add 6% sales tax. .~. ".: ' .' . SUMMER STUDENT DISCOUNT SOUTHWESTERN DATA SYSTEMS P.o. BOX 582-C • SANTEE, CA 92071 (619) 562-3221

Circle 31 on Reader Service Card

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0038 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

EDUCATION IS AN ADVENTURE GAME Dr. Mark Cross

HY do we waste so And that's about it. I tried to write Educators above the sixth grade much energy blast­ a fast action game that taught physics are crying for ways to teach careful, ing electronic space­ and failed miserably. Science prob­ deep thought. We can't afford the men? It's not just the lems can't be solved by shooting from labor cost of teaching everything wfun of meeting a challenge. Look at the hip. You have to study them for a with a person-to-person Socratic how chess has died down as com­ few hours. dialog. Adventure games prove that puter games grew up. Arcade games After the sixth grade you're sup­ computers can entice people into offer bushels of small challenges and posed to know rote learning. educa­ analytical thought. Teachers have to give frequent bright, loud rewards. tion trains the mind for careful, tune in to the games and create new Who wouldn't go for the activity that critical thinking. And here's where educational scenarios. Programmers gave the biggest reward for the the title comes in. The arcades have someday might tire of outer space smallest effort? to take quarters as fast as they can, and talk to the teachers again. It's suggested that arcade game but home computers don't mind quiet methods could improve educational thinking time. People enjoy these programs. Maybe. The games teach harder challenges too. The adventure quick but shallow thinking. All you games are best sellers. Look at the learn is how to run and shoot, but you popular detective stories Snooper learn it so well that it becomes an Troops and Deadline. Computers intuitive response. love complex problems with several When do schools want to teach branches to take after the user's quick, automatic responses? Some choice. would say "Never. That's training, So why are all the adventure not education." But, here are some games written about mythical places? examples of rote learning: Adventure games can teach real­ 1) ARITHMETIC - Look at the world knowledge. The skill of study­ series of games by A rcademics. ing a circuit diagram is similar to EPSON PRINTER POWER You have to blast math problems studying a dungeon map. A party of FROM APPLEWRITER ] [ disguised as aliens. The purpose explorers discovering America meet is to increase your speed at one­ some of the same problems as a Wiz­ Unlike many, more expensive word pro­ digit arithmetic. ardry party. An adventure can be cessors, Applewriter J I is able to take ad­ 2) TYPING - The Typing Tutor solved by finding and combining the vantage of all that Epson power and with and Master Type games force you right chemicals for reactions that just GLOSSARYONE© it's simple! Using sin­ gle, easy to remember keystrokes, you to look at the screen while you happen to be used in real labs. How can type. This is a legitimate area for about re-creating DeSoto's adven­ training automatic responses, not ture? Creative Computing and MECC

thought processes. did a good job with Oregon Trail and BAC~:SPACE TO I.g. MAKE 7- OR 8 3) SPELLING - An educated per­ Fur Trader. CIJIIIMSS MIDTH son should spell well enough to Programs created by uneducated DOUBLE STRIKE EMPHASIZE be nervous when he spots an un­ people can't teach. The average DOUBLE STRIKE AND EMPHASIZE usual word. We used to teach this teenage wonder writes "Blast the ITIiLlCIZE by mountains of reading. After Baddies" and does a good job, but he PRINT UNIDIRECTIONALLY eUPERaCRX~T AND eunMCRXFT exposure to thousands of correct drops out of school to do it. Those SOL ID UNDERLI NE words, the wrong words look who stay in school don't get so deep BRm(EN UNDERLINE funny. No one has yet done a into machine language. They can't ODUBLE--W X DTH "shoot the misspelled words" write computer games as well. COMPRESS DOUBLE WIDTH OR COMBINE nCr -~ 91Mn + -fa + 17. game. It could have the same What we need is a teacher who ~ INSERT SPECIAL CHARACTERS flow as the game where you loves adventure games. He/she could shoot the bad tanks and trucks, create an educational plot. Then the .\, IE! ~ -{ } [ ] but don't hit the ambulances. programmer, a different person, Do all this and more! So order now and 4) MEMORIZATION - Geograph­ could write the game to order. Finally stop memorizing control codes! For disk ical places, historical dates, the program should have good docu­ and simple instructions send 17.95 (FX 19.95) plus 1.50 postage & handling to: chemical symbols, etc. Some mentation such as in the MECC facts have to be stored in the series. Maybe even a paper and pencil Mike Iversen mind for instant recall at arcade TEST at the end. (I'm a teacher.) #1 Jo-lin Ct., EI Sobrante, CA 94803 game speed. Think of the old Compatible w/J( +, FX, MX·80/100.• Specify computer, "College Bowl" television game. printer. interface, fewer features w/o Graftrax. Circle 20 on Reader St'Nice Card

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 35

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0039 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

REPLAY II Apple Program Copy And Development System

• Disk Formatting Irralavant • Doas not intarfere with othar cards • Card is transparent until copy is desired • Copies all 64K with * no * compression • Menu driven • Copy and restart in unda. 15 seconds • Copias memory residen~ograms • Analyze programs • Development tool • Transparent step & trace • Backwards & forward di"assembly scroll

Why ours is better! REPLAY II is an interface card that is slot independent. Users can stop a pnogram, examine and change memory, or copy the program, and 1. Accurate copy of memory restart. Control of the APPLE is obtained by pressing the remote switch 2. Language card not needed to which comes on an 18 inch cord outside the APPLE. REPLAY II does not copy the original disk, rather it copies the program executing in memory. If copy or run - when using a copy is desired a blank disk is inserted in drive 1 and the options on the Replay Card menu are contained in the eprom on the REPLAY II card, no other disk needs to be booted for copying, unlike other copy cards. The very act of 3. Fast copy &I restart booting another disk alters memory which is detectable by some - 15 seconds - protected software. 4. Analysis programs and 60 REPLAY II does not change ANY memory. Extra memory is buffered to allow copying and analysis without altering the original memory contents. pages of documentation Other copy cards always change specific points in the original memory. 5. Copy system in eprom A:PLAY II faithfully reproduces the lower 48K of memory in a fast load format. The upper 16K can also be copied for a 64K copy. Standard DDS - No need to boot other disks 3.3 files are created automatically for storage on floppy or hard disks. A at copy time - RAM card is needed for this.

To order or request info: REPLAY II is fully documented in a 60 page manual. Utility programs sup­ Write or call plied with the REPLAY II card include Program Analysis, Comparisons, Packing and Compression. A language card is not needed to run packed Micro-Analyst, Inc. program copies. P.o. Box 15003 Austin, TX 78761 Because most programs are written in Assembly language, the user [51 2) 926-4527 should be familiar with Assembly in order to fully utilize the advanced Analysis and Packing programs. Users can now freeze a binary program Dealer Inquiries Welcome and perform a transparent step or trace while continuous disassembly is Cost: shown. View text or hires during trace. $130.00 [includes postage) REPLAY II can automatically move protected APPLESOFT programs to a Clrt;side U.S./Canada add $10 shipping standard DDS 3.3 disk for listing or modification. Texas residents add $7.50 sales tax VISA/MASTER CARD accepted! ! Now game players can save a game at any level and QUICKL Y restart with REPLAY " is intended to be used as an the REPLAY II card. Users can freeze games, change variables to obtain unlimited ships or power, etc., then restart the program. Saving high analysis tool, for program development, and scores is easy! for making archival backup copies. *Apple is a registered trademark for Apple Computers Inc. Minimum requirements are an APPLE II and a single disk drive.

Circle 17 on Reader SeNice Card

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0040 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

A Call -A.P.P.l.E. BOOK REVIEW: KIDS AND THE APPLE 6 DIPLOMA

Kathryn Ha/lgrimson Suther/reviewer

Kids And The Apple $19.95 The author has carefully chosen lLIST A.PPL.E. member price $16.00 his use of words and examples to ex­ 10 REM >>>---ARROW----> Datamost plain concepts. His explanations, 20 HOME 8943 Fullbright besides being easy to read, are accom­ 30 S$ ==" ". REM Chatsworth, CA 91311 panied by cartoons and often incorpor­ SS IS A SPACE ate metaphors, all of which help to 40 AS = ")>}------>" relate the topic to everyday experi­ 42 VTAB 10 ITH the advent of 44 FOR I = 1 TO 29 the micro computer, ences. To illustrate a bit of the 46 HTAB I the business and author's creativity, I have selected a 48 PRINT S$ + AS;: educational world is few of my favorite programs from Kids REM GLUING W 1'\010 STRINGS witnessing dramatic changes. As an And The Apple. Whether you are an 50 NEXT I educator of young children, perhaps educator, novice programmer, adult you are being pressured to widen your or child, I feel you will enjoy them. Have you ever wondered how background, become computer literate. The first program is a short alphabetizing programs worked? After completing necessary courses, guessing game. It utilizes the com­ This last program, along with the you feel ready to bring your newly mands you have learned: INPUT author's thorough explanations, gained knowledge into the classroom. statements, IF ... THEN statements, teaches you about ASCII numbers The question arises "What will we use and loops using GOTO statements. and their use in this function. for a text book?" If you have Apples in your classroom, Kids And The Apple lLIST lLIST by Edward H. Carlson could very 10 REM --- GUESSING 10 REM ALPHABETIZE well meet your requirements. GAME --- 20 PRINT The author wrote this book to 15 HOME 30 INPUT "GIVE ME A teach Applesoft Basic to young peo­ 20 PRINT "T\oIO PLAYER LETTER: ";A$ ple aged 10 to 14, however it can be GAME" 35 PRINT 25 PRINT 40 INPUT "GIVE ME ANOTHER: valuable to "kids" of all ages. It is 30 PRINT "FIRST PLAYER ";B$ superbly written and organized into ENTER A NUMBER 45 A = ASC (A$):B == 33 lessons, each containing notes on FROM 1 TO 100" ASC (B$) the topic(s) to be covered. Examples 35 PRINT "WHILE SECOND 47 REM PUT IN ALPHABETICAL are given to explain concepts; ques­ PLAYER ISN'T LOOKING" ORDER BY 37 PRINT 48 REM SEEING WHICH tions and assignments are included 40 INPUT N HAS THE LO\olER with answers supplied at the back of 45 HOME ASCII NUMBER. the book. Educators can breathe a 50 PRINT TAB( 12);"MAKE 50 IF A > B THEN X sigh of relief with their lesson plan re­ A GUESS ... = A:A == B:B == 55 INPUT G X: REM SWAP THEM sponsibilities, as the author has done a 60 IF G ( N THEN PRINT 55 PRINT thorough and creative job for you. "TOO SMALL" 60 PRINT "HERE THEY The table of contents is divided 65 IF G } N THEN PRINT ARE IN ALPHABETICAL into three sections: 1) Introduction, 2) "TOO BIG" ORDER" Graphics, 'Games, And All That, and 70 IF G = N THEN GOTO 65 PRINT: PRINT CHR$ 90 (A); TAB( 5); 3) Advanced Programming. This can 80 GOTO 50 CHR$ (B) be useful in your overall course out­ 90 REM THE GAME IS line. All major BASIC concepts are OVER As I mentIOned earlier, the book covered, enabling the student to 9Z PRINT is full of interesting and functional 93 FLASH programs. It's up to you now to see begin writing simple programs imme­ 95 PRINT "THAT'S IT!" diately and more complex programs 99 NORMAL for yourself the real value of this as they progress through the book. publication. The next program illustrates how to move pictures using strings and is Permission to publish the programs in a clever example of the concatenation this review granted through courtesy of of strings. Dave Cordon, president-Datamost.

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 37 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0041 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 Can you tell the IBM from the Transtar 1307 A B Letter quality Letter qua 1i ty standard of standard of the industry the industry

5x magnIfication 5)( magmflcatlon One of these two print samples was generated by an IBM nd print quality is just the beginning! The Selectric II: the letter quality standard of the industry. A new Transtar 130 daisy wheel pri nter is The other was generated by the new Transtar 130 letter· quality printer. also plug-and-go compatible with the best-selling word processing packages! It features bidirection­ al printing, superscript, subscript, underlining and a true boldface. Retail price? Only $895. Quietly producing copy at 18 cps Shannon text speed, the Transtar 130 also features a unique autoload button to make printing on letterheads a breeze! Three new daisy wheels have just been made available for the 130 from your dealer: letter gothic (shown), script, and a 15-pitch "gothic mini"-perfect for printing spreadsheets to fit on one page!

Offering an end-user warranty period of a full six months, the Transtar 130 is an extraordinar­ ily reliable machine. Its minimal failure rate runs less than 1%, but if your 130 should ever need repair, a nationwide network of authorized Transtar service centers stands ready. Have you decided yet whose type is whose? If you picked A ... You picked Transtar. The new standard for letter quality printing.

Transtar P.O. Box C·96975, Bellevue, WA 98009

IBM is it registered trademark of Internal,onal Business Machines, Inc

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0042 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

A Call -A.P.P.L.E. SOFTWARE REVIEW: MASTER TYPE 6 DIPLDMA ---~ ~;;:.,-~ Candy Woods/reviewer

Master Type $39.95 After these instructions, the next After returning to a new lesson Lightning Software screen presents a menu of choices. number, some changes may need to Po. Box 11725 To play the game with no further be made in the format of the game. Palo Alto, CA 94306 changes, the user is instructed to Instead of pressing the return key to Copy protected press return and will then be in com­ start the game, the C key may be Replacement $5.00 bat with the enemy words. Four pressed and eight options will be words appear, one in each corner of presented. Number one allows the HE widespread use of the screen. The wizard resides in his game to be played in the beginner's microcomputers has, home base in the center of the screen. mode. Numbers two and three allow among other things, en­ If the game is in the cadet mode, the the speed goal to be increased or T couraged many "hunt and word being typed by the player ap­ decreased. The minimum speed is peck" typists to learn proper key­ pears in the center of the screen. one word per minute and the maxi­ boarding techniques. Lightning Soft­ Commander mode does not allow the mum is 268-536 words per minute. ware has produced a computer game, user to see what he/she is typing. The Number four allows the player to MasterType, designed to teach touch words are continuously firing mis­ change lessons or end the game. typing. The game is of the invaders siles at home base. If the word is cor­ Number five switches from cadet to genre with a central wizard, Master­ rectly typed, the missile is destroyed commander mode or vice versa. Type, who has the power to destroy by the wizard. After typing a word, Number six enables the game to be enemy words before the words destroy the space bar must be pressed to in­ played with or without sound. the home base with their missiles. dicate the end of the word. Mistakes Number seven switches from upper/ The program is written in a com­ may be corrected by either pressing lowercase display to all uppercase bination of assembly language and the space bar or by using the left display and vice versa. Number eight compiled BASIC for maximum speed. arrow key. Either way, points are lost permits an unattended demonstration The colorful graphics scenario re­ for making errors. of the game. mains in the same format throughout Any word can be typed at any Should the user want to create the game. Arcade-like sounds are time, but to achieve the most bonus his/her own word list, he/she could emitted as the missiles of the enemy points and to get a new word, the select the "Make Your Own Lesson" words are destroyed in fiery explo­ user must try to destroy the missile program from the main menu. Helshe sions. when it is still close to the word. The will need to have an initialized The disk is easily booted on any action is fun and exciting as the 16-sector disk for storing the lesson. 48K Apple ][ (or Apple III in emula­ player types his/her way through four Lessons may be stored on the original tion mode), on 13- or 16-sector waves of words. MasterType disk, but Lightning Soft­ systems. After booting, the user is Upon completion, the user is in­ ware strongly recommends that a given three choices. The first choice formed as to how many words per separate disk be used. Actually, once is to press the RETURN key which minute he/she typed. This is followed the lesson is on the disk, it cannot be loads the game program. The second by a more complete run down of the deleted. choice is to press the L key which point score, the final speed, number When making a new lesson, the takes the player to the portion of the of words typed, number of words user enters a lesson name (it must program where their own word list destroyed, mistakes, and the previ­ begin with a letter) and up to ten lines can be created. The third choice will ous high score. A very pleasant rein­ of description. Next, 40 words with a catalog the disk. forcer is given to the player which maximum length of nine characters, To begin to play, after booting states, in a positive nature, whether or may be entered. A chance to edit the and pressing the return key, one not the lesson should be repeated. At list is provided before the words are needs only to input a lesson number this point, it is very easy to begin the stored on the disk. or the name of a word list that you same lesson again, move to a new The program is very easy to use have created on the disk. There are lesson, or quit the game entirely. because of the menu driven format. 17 lessons contained on the disk The program designer has thought­ ranging from single letter drills on up fully anticipated the usual run of user to eight and nine letter words, plus errors and guarded against them. number and symbol combinations. -c,- Clear directions for each lesson are presented prior to game play. These instructions inform the user of how to position their fingers on the keyboard and also what type of words to expect.

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 39

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0043 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

RS232 MASTER TYPE SERIAL If AT LAST an APPLE® serial the disk is found to be defective MasterType is a well-designed card that does it all! Com­ when it is bought, Lightning Soft­ and exciting program; one lesson can ware will replace it free of charge if municate with a Modem, be played in under five minutes. A the original and proof of purchase are Remote terminal or Teletype word list can be entered in about the returned within thirty days of pur­ Just flip a switch and have same amount of time. It can be used chase. If the disk is damaged after letter quality serial printer in conjunction with a regular typing that, a replacement will be issued for protocol. BEST of all, only course or alone as a means to teach $5.00 upon receipt of the original $44.95/kit, $59.95/assm. keyboarding techniques. Having the disk. Any inquiries are to be addressed (Add $2.00 for shipping) option to turn off the sound greatly to Lightning Software, P.O. Box enhances classroom use as well. For Included is a RS-232 type 11725, Palo Alto, CA 94306. connector & a comprehen­ users who just want to brush up on The documentation is presented sive instruction manual. We their typing speed, MasterType is an in a concise, tidy booklet. It can be also include an extended 6 excellent and fun way to accomplish read from cover to cover within about month warranty and a termi­ this goal. 15 minutes and the user will then t!i nal emulation program. Most have a pretty accurate feel for the orders shipped 48 hours after receipt*. program. The only discrepancy in the manual is the description of how to B & 0 ELECTRONICS: get from cadet mode to commander Keeping the cost of your Apple® Byte size. mode. This is done after a lesson has Send Check, Money Order* been selected and the second menu is or COO* to: presented. At this point, Change Sound, Lesson, Speed, etc. may be B & D ELECTRONICS selected. P.O. Box 3651 Lawrence, Ks.66044 (913)-841-4182 Circle 5 on Reader Service Card

0D.R.S: CanDo It! Nothing else even comes close to D.R.S.­ our Disk Recovery System-not Bag of TricksT,M not DarkT,Mnot Disk FixerT,!! nothing!

elf Put your damaged disk in elf No other program types, one drive, a blank disk in the other. grades and fixes all possible files, D.R.S. will do what all those other but D.R.S. does. guys will do ... and far more! 0'No other program makes czr No other program actually recovered files accessible for reads information from damaged conventional editing, but sectors, but D.R.S. does. D.R.S. does.

czr No other program can read elf And all of this is totally disks that were recorded off­ automatic. D.R.S., a step ahead of center, but D.R.S. does. the state-of-the-art in Apple disk recovery systems. elf No other program can read disks with errors caused by hub damage, but D.R.S. does. I $100 I C :It )A"ilable at yO"' deale, SOFl SVs, INC~ (6Thf~~~:p~b4 VISA/MasterCard 4306 Upton Ave. So .• Mpls., MN 55410 Circle 30 on Reader Service Card Ire e on ea er rvlCe ar 40 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0044 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

A DISSENTING OPINION: WHERE HAVE ALL THE TYPISTS GONE Gary Breidenstein

worry a lot. I divide my concern One afternoon somebody came fluid, and everything I write leaves fairly evenly between the large into my office and sat down quietly in my desk exactly the way I want it to problems, such as nuclear war­ the chair behind me. I finished the look. (Okay, I don't use an electronic I fare and the state of our public paragraph I was working on and dictionary so sometimes the spelling schools, and smaller ones, like next turned to see what my visitor wanted. is a little creative, but you know what month's rent and the dull ache in my It was a demure, round-faced blond­ I mean.) Here is a thoroughly effi­ left ear that's getting harder and ish young woman. "Could I help cient typist that is willing to work any harder to ignore. One night recently I you?" I asked. hours I care to choose and is extraor­ spent the period between going to "No, I'm all right," she said. Well, dinarily inexpensive. This perfect bed and falling asleep worrying about if there was nothing she needed from typist is not an extension of a typists. Typists as a concept, and in me I might as well go back to what I machine - it is a machine. How particular. had been doing. Finally after watch­ could any human ever hope to com­ I've known several. A couple of ing silently for several minutes she pete? The high-powered executive's them stand out in my memory for be­ got up and left. I couldn't imagine high-powered executive secretary ing notably bright and efficient. They why anyone would want to watch me will be with us for a long time yet, I were merely in the typing phase, I edit copy, but if the entertainment think, but isn't the lowly typist about think you could say, of their meta­ value was that high, then maybe I to go the way of the dinosaur and the morphosis toward being something should sell tickets. I went out to talk Edsel and all the other experiments else. At the other end of the spec­ to my friend Kathy, whose desk was of creation that lost or perhaps never trum, one wretch will be vividly just outside my door. Kathy knew truly found their proper ecological remembered by those of us who everything about everybody in the niche? And if so, have we any reason worked with her for her monumental department. to lament their passing? Of course stupidity. In retrospect it is almost "What was all that?" I asked her. not. And yet. possible to feel sorry for her, but at "Don't you know who that was?" Actually there was another time the time we saved most of our sym­ "I've never seen her before in my in my life when my copy looked as pathy for ourselves. life." good as it does today. Once we had a Between those two extremes lies "That was your typist," she said. typist - Pam - who was young, at­ the silent, or not so silent, majority. "Look, you've got to remember this tractive, lively and funny, and I was As the years go by their names and is a small town. I've seen all those enormously fond of her. And in a way faces begin to blur slightly, their sweethearts and liebchens and light­ she was probably rather fond of me, distinction from each other becoming of-my-lifes you put on your notes. too. But we could not get along. less marked, perhaps overwhelmed Where you come from, nobody pays Sometimes even just the wrong sort by the one quality they possess in any attention to that sort of thing. of glance by one of us could send the common which sets them off from Around here you'd better mean busi­ other into a towering rage. the rest of us - their willingness to ness when you talk that way. She just The nice thing about it for me was accept work of that sort. Maybe not wanted to get a look at the man who's that when Pam was angry she was even willingness. Maybe the despera­ going to make her the happiest simply not going to allow me to find tion which drove them to accept it. woman in the world. I wonder how an error in her work. Her typing and It is a fact of life that typists are you'll like her folks." proofreading came very close to com­ often ill-used. Once or twice it has The problem with typists is that puter quality, and she set other peo­ even occurred to me that I have been they fall into a netherworld. Qualities ple's things aside to do mine first to guilty of mistreating one myself. we find attractive in people such as preclude any complaint from me Several years ago - this was well curiosity, initiative and intelligence about deadlines. before the age of enlightenment, are often handicaps to being a good There it was, the best of all pos­ mind you - I did obscure things for typist. A typist with imagination can sible worlds. Quality nearly equal to the state government in an obscure be a terrible nuisance. Perhaps the that of a computer, with something corner of the capitol. Each afternoon ideal one is neither more nor less than additional thrown in - emotional in­ I put my copy in a box for a pool an extension of the typewriter, with volvement. Computers are fun, yes, typist who worked part time in the no human qualities at all. but this was a different sort of fun, evenings. The next morning I re­ I work at home these days on an and if we're going to lose it forever, I trieved it from the box, neatly typed Apple][ Plus with a Screen Writer][ think I'm going to miss it. and ready to go. This went on for word processing program and a daisy several months without my ever hav­ wheel printer. When I look into my ing seen the typist. electronic files the information is right there where it ought to be every time. I don't own a bottle of opaquing

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 41 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0045 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

FOR YOUR APPLE·· E-ZCARD S60 * Uses Z80A CPU (NEEDED FOR WORDSTAR**,D BASE 11**, MULTIPLAN** AND OTHER CPM** PROGRAMS) Software not provided. WISRCARD S50 * For making backup's of most of your UNCOPYABLE PROGRAM DISK

* ADD $30.00 IF YOU WANT A READY TO USE UNIT

ALL cards come in KIT form and have ALL IC's, Printed Circuit Board, and Assembly Instructions.

GUARANTEE IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO GET YOUR KIT TO WORK, for a fee of $30.00 plus $2.50 postage and handling (for socketed boards only), we will correct any errors in orb;tn , ....;"' ::;::::;~::~::. ",,' ~ •• ,,,.,,

Systems. Inc. P.O.BOXSZ77 MESA,ARIZONA8SZ03

r~ FOR ORDER PLACING ONLY 1-800-221-9280 EXT. 990-A ~ ARIZONA RESIDENTS CALL COLLECT FOR PLACING ORDERS 602-830-6457 9 A.M TO 3 P.M MONDAY THRU FRIDAY

**CPM trademark Digital Research I VISA'] **Multiplan trademark of Microsoft **0 Base II trademark of Ashton Tate MASTER!. CHARGE AND VISA ACCEPTED ** Apple is the trademark of Apple Computer Inc Arizona residents add 5% for sales tax **Wordstar is a trademark of Micro Pro Inc Circle 34 on Reader Service Card StarLogicAnnounces Savings on Apple II Compatible Drives Includes drive, cable, cabinet and standard warranty which includes 90 days parts and labor 5%" standard disk drive $205.00 ThinLine half-height disk drive $185.00 Dual ThinLine drives $335.00 (Also compatible with Franklin ACE) TELEPHONE ORDERS ONLY MASTERCARD, VISA, CASHIER'S CHECK COD ORDERS ACCEPTED (213) 883-0587 StarLogic Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. ThinLine is a registered trademark of Tandon Corporation

Circle 25 on Reader SeMce Card 42 Call -A.P.PLE. June 1983 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0046 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

A Call -A.P.P.L.E. SOF1WARE REVIEW: THE GENERAL MANAGER

Doug Pearson/reviewer

The General Manager $229.95 Each of these two criteria was B. Rear wheel Sierra On-Line Inc. well addressed by the program's 1. Spokes 36575 Mudge Ranch Road authors. In a database management 2. Hub Coarsegold, CA 93614 system, speed is most critical in the 3. Tire Copy protected sorting and reorganization processes. a. Valve stem Back up copy provided With sorting, a good program should b. Innertube utilize one of the mathematically 4. Gears s a General Manager of rapid sorting processes. The General C. Frame a small business, and a Manager seemed to be efficient, but 1. Pedals heavy user of Apple without the benefit of a large data­ a. Metal pieces A equipment at work, I base to sort, it was difficult to develop (A). Shaft was very receptive to the chance of an accurate speed estimate. (B). Retaining rings reviewing The General Manager. Ease of use is important, and The b. Rubber pieces When the request arrived, we were in General Manager gets an A for user­ (A). Left foot piece the process of preparing our com­ friendliness. It took about 45 (B). Right foot piece pany Christmas list with 3500 names minutes, with the aid of an easy to 2. Handlebars to get out of the computer. We were follow manual, to exercise each of the 3. Seat experiencing all the frustrations of functions. Within a couple of hours I 4. Chain our old data base manager, and The was designing my own data entry General Manager became an interest­ screens and accomplishing some The above outline shows some of ing comparison. meaningful tests of the program. The the major parts of a bicycle. While My goal in reviewing the product program operates on the concept of it's not complete, you can see the pat­ (The General Manager, by On-Line an outline, much like what we've all tern of how a large unit can be broken Systems, Version 2.0) was to see how done in high school. The user enters down into its parts. Once such an out­ it could integrate into our businesses data on any level of the outline, after line is done, a screen is designed by needs. It was easy to compare it to specifying the "path" to follow the user for entry of the data that are the mailing list application, but how through the hierarchy of topics. An to be stored. could it save us time in our other example could be that of a Christmas The screen for Handlebars might duties? The areas which came to card mailing list. The information look something like this: mind immediately were those of mar­ that you might wish to keep could be keting and inventory. These two outlined like this: Part Number: 1256-09 areas are the most time consuming in Part Name: Handlebars our business (a sound contracting I. Family Name (also address, Next Higher Assy: Frame firm), and also have been the topic of phone, etc.) much discussion with regard to auto­ A. Dates of interest (birthdays, Beginning Inv: 300 Units mation. anniversaries, etc.) Withdrawals from stock Our first consideration involved B. Children (how many, birth­ Date: 12/1/76 Number of Units: 67 mailing list applications. We currently days, names) use DAT ASTAR to enter our data in a C. Holiday correspondence Work Order: 387 CP/M environment. The information (cards sent/received) Date: 12/2176 Number of Units: 43 is then sorted using the companion 1. Gifts received (what holi­ Work Order: 396 SUPERSORT and printed to labels day, gift type) Additions to Stock with WORDSTAR. This three-pro­ 2. Gifts sent (what holiday, gram system works well, but involves gift type) Date: 12/2176 Number of Units: 73 a lot of disk swapping and processing Purchase Order: 8712 time. I was particularly interested, Another example could be an inven­ therefore, in The General Manager's tory record of an item which your Current Inventory: 263 Units speed and ease of use. business manufactures, like a bicycle:

I. Model Name (such as model 100, other basic data) A. Front wheel 1. Spokes 2. Hub 3. Tire a. Valve stem b. Innertube

Call -A'p.P.L.E. June 1983 43 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0047 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

THE GENERAL MANAGER Each of the highlighted items is The strengths of The General On Advanced EEPROM Technology supplied by the database after the Manager are briefly described above. At last you can add On-Board Read/Write Memory that doe5 not lose data during power down and does not require a battery user indicates the part number. Once But how about the weaknesses? I was back up. Read/Write any memory location using normal the screen is displayed showing the impressed by the function of the pro­ Read/Write instructions. No need to remove chips itS with UV·EPROMS. You can dump data from disk to Main Ram, then user the date, quantity, and work gram and the fact that I could only to Hard-Ram and back from Hard-Ram to Disk, Jr you can program Hard-Ram directly from your keyboard. order number of any withdrawals, he/ find one error in the operation. The Save Wear and Tear On Disks she may also add units to stock in a manual describes various control Alternate Languages/Operating similar fashion. With each entry, the functions available during each mode • INTEGER BASIC • NEW COMMANDS current inventory is updated to show of operation. One of these allows the * APPLESOFT 1\' BASIC • UTILITIES • CUSTOMIZE PRESENT • DOS (FREE UP 13K stock on hand. user to print the contents of the cur· LANGUAGE OF RAM) Hard-Ram is compatible with programs using the Standard A similar screen can be used for rent screen to the printer at any time. T Apple " Ram cards and works with Apple IIHI or Apple 11+ HI each of the parts of the bike. Reports Design-wise, the program let me 2K Byte System Model No. EE02A •...•••.. 5169.95 can then be generated showing cur· down only this once. As I mentioned Includes assembled and tested Plug In Card with 2K Bytes (One X2816A EEPROM) and complete Data Package with rent stock by part number, trans­ earlier, we use a mailing list to print Example Programs and Operating Instructions, 90 Day Warranty, and Sockets for expanding up to 16K. action by date, receipts by Purchase address labels. To improve efficiency, 16K Byte System Model No. EE16A ..•••••.. 5299.95 Order, or any method the user might we use "3 across" labels (each sheet Includes all of the above with a total of 8-X2816A select. Sorting is performed by the of labels is three labels wide). The X2816A (SINGLE CHIP) CAT # 703024. .. $29.95 X2816A (3 OR MORE) CAT # 703025. . $24.95 program, and report layout is deter­ General Manager does not have the X2816A DATA SHEET CAT # 103012 ...... $1.50 (The Hard-Ram Board will also acct'I'H pre-progr;m1med mined in a straightforward manner. capability to print more than one label 2716 EPROMS and/or 6116 Static Rams) Once the data is stored in the across the page. This is a compromise INQUIRE ABOUT HARD-RAM FOR OTHER COMPUTER SYSTEMS database, updating is performed by which is also a minor disadvantage. DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED browsing through in one of two major Since I didn't have any major Send ~5c for,our 1983 Su.mmer Catalog of electronic ~arts (free with order) including rt'sisturs, capacitors, semiconductors, plastiC boxes, motors, etc ways. The first is to step through questions, there was no need to call LOWEST PRICES-SAVE UP TO 50% OR MORE! Add $, 2.00 shipping to each order. In Texas Oldd 4% lax. $, 10.00 minimum record-by-record until you find the On-Line Systems product support order. ' ,add $1.50 one you want. line. I know from past experience The second is to type onto the that On-Line Systems is eager to i VIS4~ IL~~~~~~~!~?~ ~ H·j screen any information you know work with users, so I have every con­ 806:'745-2228 All TinkerTron Products Havt' A Ten Day Trial Period about the entry in question (such as a fidence that they would be helpful if Circle 38 on Reader Service Card date, or a work order number). The the need arose. After completing this program will then search for only the review, I received a call from Paul FOR THE APPLE II® entries with those attributes, thus Malachowski, one of the program's making the browsing process much authors. He was very eager to solve 1.23456789E-1Z more efficient. After the desired en­ the printing "problem" above, and z -37,5.,5 try is located, the corrections are satisfied me that I'd missed some­ entered and the revised entry re­ thing in the instruction manual. 10Z4. ee places the old one. The program consists of a note­ 12.34 The General Manager was de­ book-type manual (187 pages), a l!llll] signed to be a complete package for copy-protected "master program f2j~~IiiO. disk", and two other dual-sided disks OO~O(l)G:Dr:3(E)raD the small business. It offers much to a manager in terms of capability. It which contained: a second protected " 0 0 I (IHID m (i[) aD f:ID o Q C 0 ill IlD fEJ iI:J IE3 em does suffer a weakness in terms of copy of the master program, a copy­ O€H.l~'D(B)cmfDlD~ immediate application, as very few able "working program disk" (for o • lD1lD em em ~ lID CZ) examples of actual business uses are use after the master disk, it has all given in the manual. The reference but that small amount of data re­ HI·RES VERSATILE manual is well thought out and follows quired to protect the author's copy­ CALCULATOR™ the example of the Christmas list con· right), a disk containing all the screen Powerful tool for Teachers, Programmers, Engineers sistently for a complete understand­ "forms," and a sample data disk for • Over 50 functions· arithmetic, scientific, engineering, statistical, ASCII codes, & more ing. Our company already had a few learning the program. It requires a • Comprehensive User's Manual· features large Tutorial other applications which could be 48K Apple with Applesoft (ROM, section. Comes in 3·ring binder. language card, or firmware card), one • Operales in 4 Bases: Decimal, Octal, Hex, Binary adapted to the program, but others • Instantaneous Results using RPN Operation (especially new Apple users) might or two drives, and DOS 3.3 Options • Highly Visual Display in color or B/W be lost at first while trying to create include a printer, clock card, and • Features Internal Text Reference Guide shift-key modification. An eighty­ • Demo Program included uses for the program. I would sug· Requires 48K, disk drive, ROM Applesoft gest that the authors include another column card option would be very $59.95 + $2.00 handling (FL res. add 5%) chapter (near the beginning) to plant helpful, in that more information the seeds of a few more applications could be included in each data screen. Check your local dealer or CONTACT: in a small business. Something as It would also eliminate the problem in TACKABERRY SOFTWARE simple as a list of typical uses would legibility caused by backspacing over P.O. Box 2857 stimulate the new user to thought lowercase letters. The authors of The Ormond Beach, FL 32074 Phone: (904) 677·2054 during the initial learning process. General Manager are Kevin Cooper and Paul Malachowski. ~

Circle 36 on Reader Service Card 44 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0048 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

A Call -A.P.P.L.E. TECHNIOUE: FAST 6502 MULTIPLICATION

Damon Slye

ULTIPLICATION is a Figure 1 is a standard 8 by 8 bit When studying loops, it is useful to very fundamental multiplication routine. On entry, the note any loop invariants. That is, con­ mathematical opera­ X-reg holds the multiplicand, and the ditions which are always true within M tion. Therefore, it is A-reg holds the multiplier. On exit, the loop. For instance, immediately employed quite frequently within the A-reg holds the high eight bits of prior to executing CLC/ADC CAND, computer programs. Furthermore, the result, and the X-reg holds the we know the carry is set. For if it had for programs which do a large low eight bits. During execution, the been clear, we would have branched amount of arithmetic processing and three locations CAND, PLIER, and around the addition due to the BCC require a high execution speed, fast RESL are used to hold the multipli­ NOADD. We can use this loop in­ multiplication is imperative. Flight cand, the multiplier, and the result variant to improve execution speed. simulators, for example, must per­ low. If we decrement CAND before ex­ form countless multiplications very This standard routine multiplies ecuting the loop, we will not need to quickly. Slow multiplication will in the same way binary multiplication CLC, since (carry clear) + CAND = result in slow animation and a failure is done with paper and pencil. The (carry set) + (CAND-l). We save 2~s to simulate real-time flight. The low bit of PLIER is multiplied by every time CAND is added to the 80-20 rule in computer science CAND to form a partial product. This result. Another loop invariant is that observes that for many programs, partial product is added to the result, when we shift PLIER right with LSR 80% of execution time is spent within and the result is then shifted down PLIER, a bit position on the left of 20% of the code. Now, if a large por­ one bit. The process is repeated for PLIER becomes available. Also, each tion of that 20% is made up of multi­ each of the other seven bits in PLIER time we iterate the loop, Result low plications, then the speed of the (For a comprehensive tutorial on shifts right, and requires a bit posi­ multiplication routines has a dramatic 6502 multiplication, see Program­ tion on the left of RESL. We will be effect on the speed of the overall pro­ ming the 6502, by Rodnay Zaks, or able to combine LSR PLIER and gram. 6502 Assembly Language Program­ ROR RESL into one statement. This Since the 6502 lacks hardware ming, by Lance A. Leventhal). will save 5~s for each loop iteration. multiplication, software multiplica­ The routine is 24 bytes long. On Now take a look at our improved tion routines were developed. Unfor­ the Apple's 1 MHz 6502, it takes routine, F AST8X8 (listing 1). Note tunately, the routines developed are from 178~s to 210~s, averaging 194~s. that we decremented the multipli­ not the fastest possible. This article Several articles have stated that cand (DEX) prior to executing the will amend and improve the standard 200~s is probably close to the max­ loop. However, we first had to insure routines. Presented here are the imum speed for 6502 multiplication. that the multiplicand wasn't zero. If fastest 6502 multiplication routines in As we shall see, that isn't true. we decrement zero we get 255. existence. These routines have never The standard multiplication ap­ Result + 255 + (carry set) would before been published (Remember, pears very efficient. The loop is clean generate a false carry. Therefore, if you read it here ...). and tight. But can we improve it? the multiplicand is zero, we avoid ex- ecuting the loop by branching away Figure 1 to ZERO. Observe the second change: PLIER now holds both PLIER and RESL. ROR PLIER simultaneously shifts PLIER down a bit and shifts the low bit of RESL into MULT STX CAND ;Save multiDlicand ST,\ the carry. We had to shift PLIER PLI ER ; Sa ve multi~lier right once before executing the first LDA 10 ;Result hi 0 . - iteration of the loop. F AST8X8 is 29 LOX lIS ; 00 FOR 8 bit s bytes long and takes from 146 to LOOP LSR PLIER ; IF ne 11 t bit of PLIER = 0 162~s, averaging 154~s. This is 20% BCe NOADD ; THEN no addition faster than the standard routine. But eLC ; ELSE add CANO to the result ADC CAND wait, there is yet another technique which can be used to accelerate ex­ NOADO ROR ;Shift the result down 1 bit ecution speed. If we unwrap the loop ROR RESL by actually writing it out eight times, DEX BNE LOOP we can avoid decrementing and testing the loop counter (DEXIBNE LOX RESL LOOP). To unwrap, replace the en~ RTS tire body of the loop (lines 58-64) with with Figure 2. Unwrapping the loop -(f)-

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 45 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0049 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

FAST 6502 MULTIPLICATION

Figure 2 sion routines has increased execution Bee NOADD1 ;Iteration lit speed of the module by 25%. This ADC CAND NOADD1 ROR has raised the animation rate from 8 ROR PLIER frames/sec to 10 frames/sec. I feel that there are many pro­ Bee NOAOD2 ;lteration t2 grams which would benefit from ADC CAND these improved routines. Programs NOADD2 ROR which do intensive multiplying will ROR PL 1 ER be considerably faster by incor­ II.. porating these routines. They cer­

II tainly form a nice enhancement to a BCC NOAOD8 user's library of machine language ADC CANO utilities. NOADD8 ROR ROR PL I ER References expands the program to 73 bytes, but and timing of each of the multiplica­ Apple Computer Inc., "Monitor it also increases the execution speed. tion routines is summarized in table ROM Listing," Apple J{ Reference The unwrapped version averages 1. It can be seen that there is a trade Manual. l 113"s, which is 40 MJ faster than the off of size for speed. The unwrapped Apple Computer Inc., Apple J{ standard routine. version of F AST16 is comparatively Monitors Peeled. These techniques which speed up large. Optionally, we could partially Brooke W Boering, "Multiplying 8 by 8 bit multiplication can also be unwrap FAST16. That is, instead of on the 6502, " Micro, No. 31 (December applied to 16 by 8 and 16 by 16 bit writing the loop out 16 times and ex­ 1980). multiplication. F AST16X8 (listing 2) ecuting it once, we write it out eight Lance A. Leventhal, 6502 averages 251"s. If it were unwrap­ times and execute it twice. Or, we Assembly Language Programming. ped, it would average 211"s. In write it out four times and execute it Berkeley, CA.: OSBORNE/McGraw­ F AST16X8, the technique of decre­ four times. This would save con­ Hill. menting the multiplicand to avoid the siderable space and would cost very Lance A. Leventhal and Winthrop CLC wasn't used since it would have little time. For instance, the 4 by 4 Saville, 6502 Assembly Language actually slowed execution (decremen­ version would be 94 bytes long, and Subroutines. Berkeley, CA.: ting a two byte number consumes at would average 499"s, a trade of 60 OSBORNE/McGraw-Hill. least l1"s). Finally, a 16 by 16 bit bytes for 60"s. Rodnay Zaks, Programming the multiplication is presented (listing 3). I have also developed some im­ 6502. Berkeley, CA.: S YBEX. FAST16 is similar to the "MUL" proved division routines. They may routine in the integer monitor in that be presented in a future article. The it computes the value CAND*PLIER fast multiplication routines were + RESH,L. Therefore, to do straight developed in response to a need for multiplication, the calling program quick object rotation, point projec­ should zero RESH,L before invoking tion, line clipping, and line drawing TABLE 1: Time and Size summary F AST16. MUL In the integer within in a 3D graphics module I monitor averages 1223"s, whereas wrote. I estimate that the improve­ TIME SIZE F AST16 averages 559"s. The size ment of the multiplication and divi­ ROUTINE (us) (bytes) sion routines has increased execution •• *t*.t*.**.**.************.**t* STANDARD 8X8 194 24 2 FAST8X8 154 29 3 *• THREE FAST MULTIPLY ROUTINES * UNWRAPPED 8X8 113 73 4 * by Damon Slye * 5 * • STANDARD 16X8 327 43 6 * Call -A.P.P.L.E. : Jun. 1983 * FAST16X8 251 35 7 • • UNWRAPPED 16X8 211 156 ******************************** 9 APPLE MUL 1223 30 10 CANO .. 0 ;Multiplicand FAST16 559 34 11 PLIER1 = 1 ;Multiplier UNWRAPPED 479 329 12 ( I 0) CANOL .. 0 ;Multiplicand 16X16 13 CANON = 1 ;Multiplicand (hi) 14 PLIER .. 2 ;Multiplier UNWRAPPED 499 94 15 PLIERL = 2 ;Multiplier 4 times 16 PLIERH .. 3 17 RESM .. 3 ;Result (middle 8 bits) 18 RESL .. 4 ;Result 19 RESH .. 5 2Q 21 • 22

46 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 • Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0050 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

•••• * •• *••• **** •• *•• ** •• ******** 24 • * 25 * Listing 1 : FAST ax 8 MU LTIP LY • 26 * • 17 • FASTSXB quickly performs Bl8 * Z8 • bit multiplication. • 19 • * 30 • ENTRY: * 31 * X-reg holds the multiplicand * 32 • A-reg holds the multiplier • 33 * • 34 * EIIT: * 35 * A-reg, X-reg hold the result • 36 • (high and low) . • 37 * • 38 * TIME: * 39 • 146-162 cycles- AVERAGE: 154 • 40 • * ***********.******************** 42 43 44 ORG 5300 45 46 0300 : EO 00 47 FASTBXB CPX to ;Test i f CAND = 0 0302: FO 17 4B BEQ ZERO 49 0304 : CA 50 DEX ;Decrement CAND to 190 id 0305: B6 00 51 5TX CAND ; the CLC before ADC CAND. 52 0307: 4A 53 LSR ;5hift out 10 bit for 0308: 85 01 54 STA PLIER1 ; the first iteration. 55 030A: A9 00 56 LDA 10 ;Result hi := 0 57 030C: A2 DB 58 LDX IS ;00 FOR B bits-- 030E: 90 02 59 LOOP BCC NOADO ; Test 10 bit of PLIERl 0310: 65 00 60 ADC CAND 0312: 6A 61 NOAOO ROR ; Shift the result down 1 bit , 0313: 66 01 62 ROR PL IER 1 ; sh if t next bit of PLIERl out. 0315: CA 63 DEX 0316: DO F6 64 BNE LOOP 65 0318 : A6 01 66 LOX PL IER 1 iX-reg : = result 10 03tA : 60 67 RTS 68 0318 : 8A 69 ZERO TXA ;Result hi,lo : = 0 031C: 60 70 RTS 71 72 DS 3 ;Force new ORG 73 ***.******.*************.***** •• 75 * * 76 * Listing 2 : FAST 1618 MULT. * 77 * * 78 * FASTl6X8 quickly performs • 79 * 1618 bit multiplication. 80 * * 81 * ENTRY: * 82 * CANDL,H hold the multi'cand • 83 * A-r eg holds the multiplier * 84 * * 85 * EX IT: * 86 A-reg, X- reg, Y-reg hold the * 87 *- result (high and low) . * 88 • • 89 • TIME: * 90 * 183-319 cye les- AVERAGE: 251 91 * * .-_._.**********.**._*-*--.**-*.- 93 94 0320 : 4A 95 FAST16X8 LSR ;Shift ou t 10 bit for 0321 : B5 02 96 STA PLIER ; the fi r st iteration 97 0323 : A9 00 9B LDA 10 ;Result hi := 0 0325: 85 03 99 STA RE5M ;Result mid := 0

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 47 • Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0051 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 FAST 6502 MULTIPLICATION

100 0327 12 08 101 LOX 18 iDa FOR 8 bits-- 0329 90 OB 102 LOOPl BCC NOADDl 03ZB AS 103 TAY i Save re suI t hi onc 18 104 CLC i Add multiplicand to resu it 032D AS 03 105 LOA RESM 03lF 6S 00 106 ADC CANOL 0331 85 03 107 STA RESM 0333 98 108 TYA i Restore result hi 0334 65 01 109 AOC CANDH 110 0336 6A 111 NOADDl ROR i Sh if t the result down 1 bit & 0337 66 03 112 ROR RESM ; sh if t nelt bit of PLIER out. 033' 66 02 113 ROR PL I ER 033B CA 114 DEI 033C DO EB 115 BNE LOOPl 116 033E 16 03 117 LOX RES" iX-reg := result mi d 0340 A4 02 118 LOY PLIER i Y- reg := r e su 1 t 10 0342 60 119 RTS 120 121 DS 13 iForce new ORG 122 .* •• * ••• *•••••••••••• *•••••••••• 124 • • 125 * Listing 3 : FAST 16 MULTIPLY * 126 • • 127 • FAST16 quickly performs * 128 * 16X16 bit multiplication. * 129 * * 1 30 * ENTRY: a 131 * CANDL,H hold the multi'cand • 132 a PLIERL,H hold t he mu 1 tip lie r a 133 * * 1 34 a EX IT: * 135 111 RESH, RESL, PL IERH, PL I ERL • 136 a hold the result. a 137 111 * 1 38 a TIME: a 139 111 423-695 cycles- AVERAGE: 559 * 140 a * ******111************************* 142 143 0350 : 46 03 144 FAST16 LSR PLIERH iShift out 10 bit for 0352: 66 02 145 ROR PLIERL ; the first iteration 146 0354: AS 05 147 LOA RESH iA-reg wi 11 hold re suI t hi 148 0356 : 12 10 149 LOX 116 iOO FOR 16 bits-- 03S8: 90 OB 150 LOOP2 BCC NOAOD2 035A: A8 151 TAY i Save resul t hi 03SB: 18 IS2 CLC ; Add multiplicand to result 03SC: AS 04 153 LOA RESL 035E: 6S 00 154 ADC CANOL 0360 : 85 04 155 STA RESL 0362 : 98 156 TYA ; Restore result hi 0363 : 65 01 157 AOC CANDH 158 0365: 6A 159 NOADD2 ROR i Sh i f t the result down 1 bit & 0366 : 66 04 160 ROR RESL ; shift nelt bit of PLIER out. 0368: 66 03 161 ROR PL I ERH 036A: 66 02 162 ROR PLIERL 03 6C: CA 163 OEX 036D: DO E9 164 BNE LOOP2 165 036F: 85 05 166 STA RESH 0371 : 60 167 RTS

--End assellbly-- 114 bytes Errors: 0

48 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 • Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0052 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

CP/MAG/C: NIBBLING AWAY AT CP/M

Murray Arnow/Call -A'p.P.L.E. staff writer

PPLE CPIM is probably RWTS subroutine is written in 6502 software. This means that if you ask the the least documented code. The RWTS subroutine in all DOS 3.3 for sector 1, you will actually of the operating systems the versions of Microsoft CPIM is be reading physical sector 7. The A available to Apple users. located at $E03 (Note: addresses used CPIM RWTS subroutine will give With this in mind, I hope to share by the 6502 will be prefixed by a $; you physical sector 8 if you ask for some of the information I have been addresses used by the 2-80 will be sector 1. Table 1 relates various able to gather on the 2-80 Soft Card suffixed by an H, such as, OFF380H). Apple sectorings. and the associated Microsoft imple­ The CPIM RWTS subroutine is very mentation of CP/M. Before I begin, similar to the one used by DOS 3.3 let me urge the reader to refer to the with the major difference in the sec­ . . . about the author series of articles by Gregg Tibbetts in tor skewing. Softalk magazine titled SoftCard Sector skewing, also called sector Murray Arnow is a physicist who has a Symposium. The latter series is a interleaving, is a method to reduce somewhat unconventional work history. His mine of information if the reader has the time of disk I/O. Some time is re­ time has been shared nearly equally between the patience to pursue the clues on quired after a sector is read to university appointments and industrial POsi­ the internal CPIM workings so entic­ translate the encoded disk nibbles tions. While at the university his resjxJnsi­ ingly strewn about by Mr. Tibbetts. and store the results in the memory. bilities included teaching physics and doing experimental research in an area of atomic Probably the most confusing If the sectors were sequential, the physics which didn 'f seem to hold a great aspect of CPIM to individuals who disk will have passed the next sector are familiar with Apple DOS is the deal of interest for most of his colleagues. to be read reSUlting in one disk Interleaved with his academic appointments, way the disk is accessed. This article revolution for each sector reading. By he has worked for companies which make will attempt to give some insight into changing the sector sequence such military radar, color picture tubes and CAT CPIM disk 110 through descriptions that when the computer has com­ Scanners, the latter product being associated and examples. CPIM was first pleted storing the data from the with his current pasition. created to run on standard IBM 8" previous read, the disk head is over The nature of Arnow's work frequently floppy disks. These disks have 77 the next sector to be read, more than requires that data be collected and analyzed. tracks with 26 sectors per track. one sector can be read before the disk This often means that he has to build and Each sector contains 128 bytes, as interface a variety of electronic equipment to makes one revolution. Skewing also fill this need. He has interfaced the Apple to opposed to the Apple disks whose reduces disk write time because sectors contain 256 bytes. To main­ devices ranging from point plotters to oscillo­ before data can be written to a sector scopes to aid in the collection and analysis of tain compatibility between the CPIM it must be encoded, another time con­ data. versions and the various CPIM imple­ suming process. Skewing permits the A large portion of his spare time is spent mentations, all disk operations are disk head to be over the next sector fiddling with the Apple. In the process he performed using a "logical sector" to be written to before the disk has become quite well acquainted with both containing 128 bytes. Since most DOS and CP/M Arnow also finds himself 1 makes one revolution. Apple disks 5 /4" disks use 256 byte sectors, the are formatted with the physical sec­ becoming more dependent on the Apple as a BIOS (basic inputloutput system) tors appearing sequentially on the text processor for both correspondence and technical paper writing. must make the translation between disk. The sector skewing is done in the "physical" and logical sectors. A historical artifact appears on Table 1. CPIM disks. The disk when formatted Apple Sector Skewing Relations has the empty sectors filled with CP/M RWTS CP/M Logical DOS 3.3 Physical E5's. You may recall that when Apple Sectors Sectors Sectors Sectors DOS formats a disk the empty sec­ tors are filled with the null character 0 00,01 0 0 00. The E5 of CPIM is the IBM EBC­ 1 OC,OD £ 8 2 18, 19 DIC symbol for a space. CPIM uses D 1 3 04,05 C 9 E5's in other areas as null characters. 4 10 , 11 B Z As mentioned above, CPIM reads 5 1 C, 1 D A A and writes to the disk in terms of 128 6 08,09 9 3 byte logical sectors. The Apple disk, 7 14, 15 8 B 8 16, 17 however, is formatted in 256 byte 7 4 9 02, 03 6 C physical sectors. The way that the A OE,OF 5 5 Apple CPIM BIOS handles this is to B 1 A, 1 B 4 D use 2~80 code to manipulate the C 06,07 3 6 D logical sectors and do the physical 12, 13 2 E E lE,1F 1 7 sector disk 110 in 6502 code; i.e., the F OA,OB F F

Call -A.PP.L.E. June 1983 49 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0053 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

NIBBLING AWAY AT CP/M Apple CP/M uses the RWTS sub­ WRITE: The DMA buffer is transferred as a logical sector to the routine directly in warm and cold written to the selected DMA buffer. In any case a call to boots. After booting, the RWTS sub­ track/sector on the READ will put the appropriate logi­ routine is used as part of a more com­ disk in the selected cal sector in the DMA buffer. The plex disk operating system. A detailed drive. problem is even more complicated description of how to use the CP/M when we wish to write a logical sec­ RWTS subroutine for disk 110 is in­ A more complete description of tor. cluded in the program CPMRWTS. the BIOS entry points may be found CP/M 2.xx requires that a protocol CPMRWTS is intended for instruc­ in the CP/M Alteration guide avail­ be followed by the BIOS so that the tional purposes and is not recom­ able from Digital Research. BDOS (Basic Disk Operating System) mended for use in disk access. The Before giving an example of disk can use a very efficient disk write reason is that Microsoft is under no 110 using the BIOS entry points, a procedure. The protocol states that obligation to locate the RWTS sub­ brief description of the disk format­ prior to calling the subroutine routine at $E03 or are they obligated ting and the internal operations of the WRITE the 2-80 C register should to maintain its structure m later READ and WRITE subroutines will contain one of the following values: CP/M versions. This is no real prob­ be found useful. Apple CP/M track C = 0 if the write is to a previously lem because direct disk access can be numbers are identical to the DOS 3.3 allocated sector or to a sector other attained through the BIOS entry track numbers, but the sector num­ than the directory area or the first points. These entry points are stan­ bering needs some elaboration. sector of an unallocated block; C = 1 if dardized between all CP/M versions, There are 32 logical sectors on each the write is to a directory sector; C = 2 and there is no need to fear alterations. track. The even numbered logical if the write is to the first sector of an CP/M uses the BIOS entry points sectors occupy the first 128 bytes of a unallocated block. A block (or group) when doing standard disk 110 to the physical sector, and the odd num­ in the case of Apple CP/M is 8 logical data tracks. A description of the sub­ bered logical sectors occupy the last sectors. The protocol tells the BIOS routines used follows: 128 bytes of a physical sector. Table what bookkeeping system to use. This 1 details the logical sector relations. avoids unnecessary pre-reads to fill SETDMA: The DMA (disk We know that the CP/M RWTS half the 110 buffer and unnecessary memory access) ad­ subroutine does the I/O to the physi­ writes if the I/O buffer doesn't have dress is set. This is cal sectors. We also know that the to be cleared. In simpler terms, when the 128 byte read/ RWTS 110 buffer contains 256 bytes the C register contains a 0 or a 2, the write buffer. and that the logical sectors contain write operation may be delayed until SELDSK: The drive is selected 128 bytes. It is extremely inefficient another write to a different logical for the next 110. to require a physical read or write sector is requested, and when the C SETTRK: The disk track is each time we wish to read or write to register contains a 1 (or an odd num­ selected for the next a logical sector. Since the RWTS 110 ber in the Apple CP/M), the DMA buf­ 110. buffer after a read contains two con­ fer is written immediately to the disk. SETSEC: The disk sector is secutive logical sectors, the proce­ selected for the next dure used by the BIOS READ sub­ I/O. The sector is routine is to perform a physical read usually the physical only if the previous read was not sector, but for the from the same physical sector. If the case of Apple CP/M it read was from the same sector, the is the logical sector. appropriate RWTS 110 buffer half is SECTRAN: This subroutine calculates the skew Table 2. relating logical to Jump tlble to BIOS entry points. physical sectors. The JMPTBL: JMP BOOT Cold start. input of a logical sec­ JMPTBL+3: JMP !JBOOT Warm start. This is the location tor results in the out­ jump ed to from OOOOH. put of the appropriate JMPTBL+6: JMP CONST Console status checle. physical sector for use JMPTBL.9: JMP CONIN Console input. in SETSEC. For the JMPTBL+12 JMP CONOUT Console output. JMPTBL+15 JMP LIST List device output. Apple CP/M, the out­ JMPTBL+18 JMP PUNCH Punch device output. put is the same as the JMPTBL+21 JMP READER Reader device input. input. JMPTBL+24 JMP HOME Home selected disle d rive head. READ: The selected track/ JMPTBL+27 JMP SELDSK Select disk drive. sector is read from the JMPTBL+30 JMP SETTRK Set t fa. cle number. JMPTBL+33 JMP SETSEC Se t sector number. disk in the selected JMPTBL+36 JMP SETDMA Set disk memory access address. drive to the DMA JMPTBL+39 JMP READ Read a selected sector. buffer. JMPTBL+42 JMP !JRITE !Jrite to a selected sector. JMPTBL.45 JMP LISTST Return the status of the list device. JMPTBL+48 JMP SECTRAN Translate logical to physical sectors.

50 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0054 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

The BIOS entry points are found Not all CP/M systems require a 4) The logical sector is selected by by first locating the table of "jump call to SECTRAN to translate logical placing the sector number in regi­ vectors." The jump table is pointed to physical sectors. The Apple skew ster BC and calling SETSEC. to by the "warm boot" jump at loca­ is calculated in the RWTS, READ, Apple CP/M requires the sector to tion OOOOH. The jump table, see and WRITE subroutines; hence, a be in register C only, register B is Table 2, starts at location ]MPTBL call to SECTRAN is not required. ignored. which for CP/M 2.xx versions is Rules governing disk access for 5) Calling READ reads the selected always at a memory page boundary. CP/M systems not requiring SEC­ sector from the selected drive to For the case of the 60K memory con­ TRAN are as follows: the read/write buffer. After a read figuration of CP/M version 2.23, 1) The read/write buffer should be an error code is stored in register ]MPTBL has the value OFAOOH. selected by placing the buffer ad­ A; 0 = no errors; 1 = non-recov­ Standard CP/M protocol requires dress in register BC and calling erable error occurred. that the track and sector subroutines SETDMA. The buffer space re­ 6) Calling WRITE writes the con­ must be called prior to each READ or quires 128 bytes. tents of the read/write buffer to WRITE. Some CP/M systems make 2) The disk drive should be selected the selected sector and drive. The a call to SETTRK and SETSEC op­ by loading register C with the error codes stated for READ apply. tional after the first call if the sectors drive value, 0 for A:, 1 for B:, etc., to be accessed haven't changed from and calling SELDSK. I'll close this article with the pro­ the previous I/O command, Apple 3) The track is selected by placing gram TURNKEY which demonstrates CP/M is such a system. the track number in register BC the use of the CP/M disk 110 rou­ and calling SETTRK. Apple CP/M tines. To use TURNKEY type requires the track to be in register TURNKEY command; for example, C only, register B is ignored. TURNKEY DIR B:. The disk in drive A: is updated to perform the command upon a cold start. The ex­ ample will have the directory of the disk in drive B: displayed when the system is booted.

CPMR\oITS by M. Arnow

i A routine to directly access physical i sectors on a Microsoft Apple II CP/M disk. i CP/M RWTS sectors must be used. , iTo use R\oITS subroutine the following locations must be initialized: , TRACK EaU OF3EOH iCURRENT TRACK SECTOR EaU OF3E1H i CURRENT SECTOR CURVOL Eau OF3E2H iCURRENT VOLUME (NOT USED) LSTVOL EaU OF3E3H ;LAST VOLUME (NOT USED) DRIVE EaU OF3E4H ;CURRENT DRIVE (01 OR 02) LSTDRV EaU OF3E5H iLAST DRIVE SLOT EaU OF 3E6H jCURRENT SLOT (TIMES 16) LSTSLT EaU OF3E7H iLAST SLOT (TIMES 16) BUFFER EaU OF3E8H jBUFFER ADDRESS (LOW BYTE,HIGH BYTE) iCAUTION 6502 MEMORY OFFSET MUST BE USED ;e.g., USE OaOOH FOR LOCATION OFBOOH ERROR EaU OF3EAH j ERROR CODE i OOOH = NO ERROR i OlOH = "'RITE PROTECT ERROR 040H = DRIVE ERROR CMND EaU OF3EBH iCOMMAND CODE i 01 = READ ; 02 = "'RITE , R\oITS$ EaU 00E03H ;LOCATION OF 6502 RWTS SUBROUTINE Z$ CPU EaU OF3DEH iLOCATION OF SOFTCARD GOES HERE AS VEC EaU OF 300H jADDR OF 6502 SUB. TO CALL GOES HERE iFor the proper operation of CP/M after using CPMR\oITS, BUFFER must be irestored to OBOOH. CPMR\oITS:PUSH H iSAVE H,L REGISTERS LXI H,RWTS$ jPUT 6502 SUB ADDRESS IN ASVEC SHLD ASVEC LHLO ZSCPU GET SOFTCARD ADDRESS MOV M,A JUMP TO 6502 SUBROUTINE POP H RESTORE H,L REGISTERS RET

Call -A. PP.L. E. June 1983 51 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0055 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

NIBBLING AWAY

TURNKEY TOUCH by !'t. Arnow program to convert· the disk in ;i "in drive A: into I turnkey system. ~BOOT EQU o iWlr. boot entry point AND BOOS EQU 5 ,BOOS entry point CMNDBUF EOU 80H ,Buffer holding ____GO itlil of CCP command ORG 10 OK i ;Create local jump table for disk I/O. Touch the Magellan LIGHT PEN to your ; it LHLD WBOOT+I ,Load jump table addr. Apple IF" or Apple IIe and watch your LXI D,27 ,Load SETTRK offset graphic and game designs come to life. This DAD D ,HL points to SETTRK amazing new LIGHT PEN gives you high­ LXI D,SETTRK ,DE pOints to local ,SETTRK speed, high-resolution graphics with the LXI B, 15 ,Move routines wi th control of one dot accuracy. DB OEDK,OBOH ;Z-80 LDIR Unlike competitive pens which take up a !'tV I C,ODH ;Reset disk system slot, the Magellan LIGHT PEN connects to CALL BDOS a micro-miniature electronic module vou LX I i,BUFFER iSet I/O buffer plug into your computer game port.- Its CALL SETDMA input/output transparent design lets you ,Read track/sector O/IA use the same port for gan1e paddles, joy­ , sticks and other accessories. !'tV I C,O ;Set the track = 0 CALL SETTRIC To use the LIGHT PEN, think of it as nor­ !'tV I C,lAH ;Set the sector = 1A mal pen and paper--except the paper is re­ CALL SETSEC CALL READ ,Read the sector placed by your monitor. Simply point the ,to BUFFER pen on the screen and press the progran1- LX I D,BUFFER+7 ,DE points to byte mabie switch on the pen's body. In seconds, ,7 in BUFFER you can draw points, lines, circles, squares LX I H,CMNDBUF ,Put address of and other standard shapes. Once a drawing ;command line buffer is complete, it can be saved and/or printed to ; in HL MOV A,M ,Get the number of be used or edited later. ,buffer characters STU o ,Place number in BUFFER In addition, the Magellan LIGHT PEN in­ ORA A ;Check if number = 0 cludes these extra features for even quicker, JZ UPDATE ,Jump if true more accurate graphic designs: MOV C,A ,S a ve A DCR A ;Correct A to account • & Driver Software included ;for leading blanle STU D ;Place number of • Versatile Graphics Drawing Software ;command characters ,in BUFFER • Complete Documentation INX D ;DE points to BUFFER+13 • Provides Vertical Blanking Signal INX H ;l'Iove command line INX H ;pointer to start of for flicker-free graphics iTURNKEY command • ACCU-TRAK Sensing Circuitry for DB DE DH ,DB OH ; Do a Z - 80 LD 1 R ;and move command precise designs ; to BUFFER Get your hands on the Magellan LIGHT ;write BUFFER to track/sector o /tA. PEN and you'll never want to let go! Order today, or call for more information. The UPDATE: MV 1 C, 1 ; Se t C to ensure ;a physical wr i te LIGHT PEN and software package is only CALL WR 1 TE ;Write BUFFER to $175.00. MasterCard and VISA accepted, ; the sector dealer inquiries invited. JP WBOOT ;Warm boo t bacle ;Local BIOS en t ry jump ta b 1 e . ; SETTRK: OS 3 ;Select track SETSEC: DS 3 ;Select sector SETDMA: DS 3 ;Select 1/0 buffer Mage{[gpthR INC READ: DS 3 ;Read a sector 4371 East 82nd Street, Suite 0 WRITE: OS 3 ;Wr i te a se c tor Indianapolis, IN 46250 BUFFER EQU ;Start of I/O bu f fe r (317) 842-9138 S i Apple and Apple II are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc END Circle 16 on Reader SeNice Card

52 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0056 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

FROM THE HEART OF THE MONITOR: MEMORY MOVES MADE SIMPLE

Ken Kashmarek

ORE than once, I have The actual move routine at $FE2C where SOURCE indicates the start­ come across the need is very short and consists of a load/ ing memory location from which data to move information in store operation, a ]SR to a routine to is moved. TARGET indicates where M memory, in an efficient increment pointers ($FCB4) and a the data is to be moved to, and manner. More often than not, this in­ test for end of range. The routine at LENGTH indicates the number of volves moving text file data to or $FCB4 increments A4, sets the carry bytes to be moved (all can be expres­ from a DOS buffer. While this can be flag if the value for Al is greater than sions). LENGTH must be less than or done with a PEEK!POKE loop, it or equal to A2, then increments Al equal to 32767. makes more sense to use the Monitor and returns to the move routine. The Before proceeding, we must ex­ move routine. This routine is described monitor move routine is a very com­ amine the monitor move routine in in Apple ][ Monitors Peeled (Apple pact 31 bytes in length. order avoid a potential trap. The Computer, Inc.). It can be used from The above BASIC routine is monitor does not check the values in a BASIC program by POKEing the somewhat cumbersome to use due to locations AI, A2, or A4 before or appropriate page zero locations and the &POKE sequences (even more so during the move. The move termi­ calling the routine. with regular POKE). This routine nates when Al is greater than or To give you an idea of the time in­ could be made a general BASIC sub­ equal to A2. One byte is always moved, volved in memory moves, a PEEK! routine with variables set up for the even if Al starts off greater than A2. POKE loop to move High-Res page 1 memory addresses. However, it is Now the real kicker: depending on to page 2 (8192 bytes) takes 58 sec­ much simpler to write an ampersand the number of bytes moved, A4 can onds. This same loop coded with the routine to perform this function. The wrap around from the top of memory two byte &PEEK!&POKE (February command format for our new amper­ to page zero. If that happens, it is 1983, page 27) takes 36 seconds. The sand routine is: probably boot-up time (or boot your­ monitor move routine can move 32K self time). in approximately 2.2 seconds. & MOVE,source,target,length The monitor move routine is located at $FE2C (65068, or -468) lLlST and must be called with the Y regi­ 10 REM ster set to zero. This is done by POKEing zero into the monitor SAMPLE MEMORY MOVE KEN KASHMAREK SAVEY location and invoking the monitor routine to restore registers CALL -A.P.P.L.E. : JUNE 1983 and ]MP to the move routine: 30 HOME : PRINT "LOADING &MOVE R OUTIN£ TO PAGE 3" 10 A1 = 60:& POKE A1,512: REM ~O GOTO 70 set A1 ($3C/3D) = 512 ($0200) 60 H$ = H$ -I- "ND9C6G": FOR 1 :: 1 TO 20 A2 = 62:& POKE A2,767: REM LEN (H$): POKE 511 + 1. 1SC set A2 ($3E/3F) = 767 ($02FF) ( 1'110$ (HS.l,1» + 128: NEXT 30 A4 = 66:& POKE A4,8192: REM : POKE 72.0: CALL - 144: RETURN set A4 ($42/43) = 8192 ($2000) 70 H$ = "0300:1.9 OB 80 F6 03 A9 0 40 POKE 71,0: REM SAVEY ($47) = 3 80 F7 03 60 C9 40 DO 62 20 0($00) Bl 00 C9 4F DO 58 20 B1 00 50 PC = 58:& POKE PC,65068: C9 56 DO 54 20 B1 00 C9 45 0 REM PC ($3A/3B) = 65068 o 40 20 Bl 00 20 BE DE 20 67 ($FE2C) DO 20 52 E? 84 3C 85 3D 20 60 CALL ·327: REM call restorel BE DE lO 67 DO 20 52 £7 84 4 jump routine 285 II. CaSUB 60 80 HS = "0340:4320 BE DE 10 67 D The above example moves the in­ o 20 52 E? A1 30 21 AD 00 C6 ~O A5 50 C9 FF DO 04 C6 51 put buffer (page 2) to High-Res page 30 12 Bl 3t 91 42 E6 3C 00 0 1. In the monitor, this command can 2 H 3D U 42 DO U £6 43 DO be entered as "2000<200.2FFM" E2 60 olC 99 E1 4e C9 DE ". GOSUB from the keyboard. Location Al is 60 90 POKE 1014,11: POKE 1015.3: REM the start address for the move. Loca­ SET UP AMPERSAND VECTOR tion A2 is the end address, while loca­ 100 P1 = 8192:P2 = 16384:A = 128: tion A4 is the target address. Loca­ B ; 40:L = 8192: HOME tions 58/59 are the bytes used to store 105 REM CLEAR HIRES PAGE 1 AND 1 the program counter. After the regi­ 110 POKE Pl,O: & HOVE,P1.Pl + 1- sters are restored, this value is used L - 1: & MOVE,P1,P2,L in a ]MP instruction. 115 REM POKE HCOLOR=1

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 53 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0057 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

MEMORY MOVES MADE SIMPLE

Since this is probably not too Lines 46-61 decode the input An area of memory can be cleared desirable, we should consider coding arguments and set up memory point­ with: our own memory move routine with ers. A maximum length of 32767 is some safeguards in it. The &MOVE used to avoid a complete wipe-out of POKE 8192,0 routine listing provides the result. memory, although such a large move & MOVE,8192,8193,8191 Page 3 is used for this 116 byte pro­ to the wrong address will still prob­ gram. Lines 29-33 set up the amper­ ably destroy a system. A length count which clears High-Res page 1. High­ sand vector when the program is of zero (0) will not move any bytes. In Res page 2 can be moved to page 1 BRUN. Lines 34-45 decode the addition, the target address is not (or vice versa) with: MOVE command. Lines 46-79 can allowed to wrap around ($FFFF to easily be placed in an ampersand $0000, checked in line 76). The move & MOVE,16384,8192,8192:REM routine with the command decode stops at that point to avoid destroying page 2 to page 1 routine from PRINT USING & page zero locations. If page zero & MOVE,8192,16384,8192:REM FRIENDS. bytes are to be changed, the target page 1 to page 2 address must begin in page zero Now, memory tables can be moved ($OO-$FF, or 0-255). around with ease from Applesoft pro­ grams. Added protection could be lZO HGR : POKE P1,42: & MOVE,Pl, implemented by checking for ad­ P 1 + 1, L - 1: FOR J = 1 TO 5 dresses from 2048 to 38400 to avoid 00: NEXT destroying DOS or page zero. 125 REM POKE HCOLOR=2 Beware of moves which might cross 130 POKE Pl, 85: & MOVE, P1 , P1 + 1 the I/O page ($COOO). ,L - 1: FOR J • 1 TO 500: NEXT The code in lines 62-77 is 31 135 REM CORRECT HCOLOR=l bytes long, matching the monitor 140 POKE P1,42: POKE Pl + 1,85: & move routine, although the setup MOVE,P1,Pl + 2,L - 2: FOR J = code makes the entire module longer. 1 TO SOD: NEXT 145 REM CORRECT HCOLOR=2 This loop is actually slightly faster 150 POKE P1,a5: POKE P1 + 1,42: & than the monitor routine (1.6 seconds MOVE,Pl,Pl + 2,L - 2: FOR J = to move 32767 bytes). An exercise 1 TO SOD: NEXT for the reader is to determine why (an 155 REM HCOLOR=5, TOP DOVN answer will be published in a future 160 HGR2 : POKE P2, 170: POKE P2 + issue). The sample program illu­ 1 , 21 3: & MOV E , P 2 , Pl + 2, B - 2 strates some uses of &MOVE. 170 FOR J = 0 TO 2:X = P2 + J ~ B: FOR N = 0 TO 7: FOR I = N TO N + 56 STEP 8 180 & MOVE,P2,X + I * A,B: NEXT I ,N, J 185 REM EYE TESTER 190 FOR 1 = 1 TO 5:1 = PEEK (49 :ASM 236): FOR J = 1 TO SOD: NEXT •• ** ••• * ••• **.*******~********** 2 :X s PEEK (49237): FOR J = •~ * 1 TO SOD: NEXT NEXT 3 Memorv Move Routine * 200 HOME: TEXT: HTAB 10: PRINT 4 • by Ken Kashmarek * "I LOVE THIS COLOR": HGR 5 • * 6 * Ca 11 -A.P.P.L.E. : June 1983 205 REM HCOLOR=6, BOTTOM UP 7 • 210 POKE P2, 213: POKE P2 + 1,170 * * & MOVE,P2,P2 + 2,B - 2 , **.*.*.*~**.*.****** •• *****.*~** no FOR J = 2 TO 0 STEP - 1:X = * • 10 Function: move bytes from 1 P1 + J B: FOR N 7 TO 0 STEP * * = 11 * Location to another. * - 1: FOR I = N + 56 TO N STEP 12 * Usage 100 &move,A,S,C • - B 13 • 230 & MOVE,P2,X + I • A,B: NEXT * Vhere A=source address • I ,N, J 14 * S=target address 15 * Co:len (mal 32767) * 16 * •••••••••••* * •••• -•••• _•••••• * •••* 18 SOURCE EQU S3C ;Source ptr 19 TARGET EQU $42 iTarget ptr 20 LINNUM EQU S50 iWork area U CHRGET EQU $0081 iChr qet 22 AMPV EQU S03F5 ;Ampersand 23 FRMNUM EaU SDD67 iCompute elp 24 CHKCOM EQU $DEBE iCheck for, 25 SYNTAX EQU SDEC9 ;Syntal error H QTYERR EQU $E199 jQty error 27 GETADR EaU $E752 iFac-)linnum Z8 aRC $0300

54 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0058 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

0300 : A9 OB 29 LOA .(HOVE iLo byte 0302: 80 F6 03 30 STA AMPV+1 Unclassifieds cont. from page 80 0305 : A9 03 31 LOA I>MOVE iHi byte 0307: 80 F7 03 32 STA AMPV+2 03 OA: 60 33 RTS RENT SOFTWARE 55 month or buy It. 50' discount or sell It & receive credrt on purchases or rentals or swap it. Call (206) 030B: C9 4D 34 MOVE C"P 1'1'1' iCheek out 784-2081 or send SASE to. Preowned Software. 4229 8aker 030D: DO 62 35 BNE OOPS Ave. NW .. Seattle. WA 98107 030F: 20 B1 00 H JSR CHRGET 031 Z : C9 4F 37 CHP I' 0' iThe command DISCOVER THE CORE OF YOUR APPLE: Get the complete Inside 0314: DO 5B BNE story on the core of your Apple. the 6502 microprocessor 38 OOPS You've programmed it. played With it and cursed at it now 0316 : 20 B1 00 39 JSR CHRGET discover the 6502's intimate details. Get your very own 0319: C9 56 40 CHP I'V' i For "move" APPLE CORE KIT which Includes a giant 400 square Inch full 031 B: DO 54 41 SNE OOPS color blowup of the 6502 microprocessor, plus the 6502 White Paper. Together they reveal the chip's history, its 0310: 20 Bl 00 42 JSR CHRGET topology, a detailed pin descnptlon, the location and func­ 0320 : C9 45 43 CMP I' E' iDo we have it tion of each 5ectlon of silicon. as well a5 shOWing the InCred­ 0322 : DO 40 44 BNE OOPS ible detail of the Apple's core enlarged over 20,CXX) times Only 55.00 to: Omicron Digital Systems Ltd. P.O. 80x 0324 : 20 B1 00 45 JSR CHRGET 3055-ACK. Falls Church. VA 22043 0327 : 20 BE DE 46 JSR CHKCOH iSouree ptr 03 H: 20 67 DO 47 JSR FRMNUM AIR NAVIGATION TRAINER. Features VOR's. ND8·s. ADF. ad­ 0320: 20 52 E7 48 JSR GETADR Justable Winds, ground-track. map and more. Call or write for 0330 : 84 3C 49 STY iY-)1o more Info. SPACE-TIME ASSOCIATES. 20-39 Countl}' Club SOURCE Drive. Manchester. NH 03102. /6031 625-1094. MC and 0332: 85 3D 50 STA SOURCE+l iA->hi VISA. CL0393 and 70310.217 US540 0334 : 20 BE DE 51 JSR CHKCOH iTarget ptr 0337: 20 67 OD 52 JSR FRMNUM COMPUTER ROAD ATLAS - Start your next trip with a computer 033A: 20 52 £7 53 JSR GETADR listing showing the best route. ROADSEARCH computes and prints the shortest practical route with miles, time and 0330: 84 42 54 STY TARGET iY->10 gallons. Contains 406 USNCanada cities and 69.CXXJ road 033£ : 85 43 55 STA TARGET+1 iA->hi mlle5. DOS 3.3 Ten day MONEY8ACK GUARANTEE 0341 : 20 BE DE 56 JSR CHKCOH iLength value 534.95 /plus 51.50 sh'pp,ngl CheckIVlSAlMC. Columbia 0344 : 10 67 Software. Box 2235M. Columbia. MD 2 I 045 /30 II DO 57 JSR FRHNUH 997-3100 0347: 20 52 E7 58 JSR GETADR 034A: AA 59 TAX iTest it GOLDCOAST COMPUTER RENTAL & SALES. 3000 programs 034B: 30 21 60 BMI QERR iToo bad avallable for rent or sale. "Rent to buy - but try before you 03 4D: AO 00 61 10 buy." Software, firmware, hardware, publications, Goldcoast LOY iOffset Computer. 2014 Triplett St .. Owensboro. KY 42302 034F: C6 50 62 MVEO DEC LINNUM iDee count 0351 : A5 50 63 LOA LINNUH ENGINEERING SOFTWARES offers APPLESOFT PLUS for MORE 0353: C9 FF 64 CMP ISFF i'Jrap? MEMORY - SPEED - PROTECT YOUR PROGRAMS TOO - 0355 : DO 04 65 SNE HVE1 CAN'T LIST. PRINT EVEN DUPLICATE IT! -APPLESOFT PLUS 0357: lets users with I .OK memory execute larger programs. aU for C6 51 66 DEC LINNUH+1 544.95. Other Engineering softwares available. Write to 0359 : 30 12 67 BHI MVE3 ;Oone ... Engineering Softwares. Box B72. Duncanville. TX 95 I 16 03 5B: B1 3C 68 HVE1 LDA (SOURCE) ,Y iSour ee Dealer InquIries InVited 035D: 91 42 69 STA (TARGET) , Y iTarget 035F: E6 3C 70 THE CHEAP ASSEM8LER. An APPLE assembler With: ten com­ INC SOURCE iTo nelt byte mand text editor. two pass RAM/disk based assembly, free 0361 : DO OZ 71 SNE "VEl field programming, interactive operation, tutorial manual and OH3: E6 3D 72 INC SOURCE+l demonstration routines on disk. APPLE J [+. 48K. DOS 3.3 0365 : £6 42 73 HVEl INC TARGET ;To next byte reqUired. Send 520.00 + 14.00 P&H to: Thunder Software. 0367: DO E6 74 BNE MVEO P.O. 80x 31501. Houston. TX 77231 0369 : E6 43 75 INC TARGET+1 VIDEOTERM OWNERS. New character set EPROMs now avail­ 036B: DO E2 76 BNE "VEO iDie at 64Jc able: hHlght/lo-llght set (great With WordStarl: APL: square: 03 6D: 60 77 HVE3 RTS bold face; several foreign languages. Only 5' 9.95 eaCh, hi­ OHE: 4C 99 E 1 light/low-light pair 534.95. Add 5 I 50 for shipping/handling 78 QERR JMP QTYERR iIf len>32767 /Add 7.6% tax If Washington resident/. Custom character 0371 : 4C C9 DE 79 OOPS JMP SYNTAX ;Goofed sets available on a quotation baSIS. Write for literature includ­ Ing pictures of charaaer sets. IUT Enterpnses. P.O. Box 762. Mercer Island. WA 98040 --End asseltbly-- "SOURCE-LISTINGS" AVAILABLE: I've .. torn Into" the Applesoh & Monitor ROM's often. To expedite thiS I dis-assembled the 116 bytes whole mess (5DOOO upl. Of course the ROM's are already In Apple. and F8 IS listed In the Apple J [ ref. manuals. and you Errors: 0 can type it in yourself. /It took me four weeks!/ Have fun, or save time & effort. ProVided as "Big Mac" source fires, Moni­ tor heavily commented, Applesoft lightly commented Your Disk My Disk Applesoh 515.00 518.00 Monitors lold * Autostart/ 5 10.00 5 13.00 For the set 520.00 523.00 Michael A. Carpick. Jr., 104 Hickory Road, Bristol. Tennessee 37620.(6151968-1455(6 pm - 10 pm. EDTI REOUEST FOR CHANGE OF ADDRESS

Dear A.P.P.L.E .. APPLE OWNERS - We are looking for quality software to I am moving and my present address is: publish and market. If you have a well-Written business. agn­ cultural, educational, or medical program, we would like to PRESENT: NEW ADDRESS: hear from you. Send a written descnptlon {no software NAME ______pleasel to SMART Systems. Inc. 499 Sulky Lane. Frederick. NAME MD 21701 ADDRESS ______ADDRESS ______

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Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 55 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange TPage 0059 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 The Pizza program Have you ever come home and wondered, "What are we having for dinner?" Now there's a great time saver Speed, for anyone who cooks or shops at the grocery store. Announcing the first dinner menu planning system. Speed with the PASCAL SPEEDUP SYSTEM, our best seller. Features complete ease of ENDS HO-HUM DINNERS across the country are finding it use with all APPLE PASCAL; UCSD PASCAL Are you tired of the same old a super idea-a great companion 1.1; APPLE RUNTIME ENVIRONMENT; & thing for dinner? Would you like to any kitchen. FORTRAN applications. From 40 to 150% more variety in your evening TRY IT FOR 30 DAYS meal? Is there something you'd WITHOUT RISK speed boost on most programs (some even rather have but don't get very You can try it with no obliga­ faster). All with no programming and with otten? The Pizza Program is tion. Our home trial lets you designed just for you. It's a de­ only one extra watt of power from your actually use The Pizza Program lightful new software package power supply. for a full 30 days before you de­ designed to end the dinner-blahs cide to keep it. Watch the fun and with computer generated menus convenience it creates. Enjoy Here is how it works. better meals and see how much You review what you like from time it saves. If you are not satis­ the pre-selected food groups in fied for any reason, return it Power, the system. Delete any foods within 1 month for a prompt and you don't enjoy. Add anything courteous refund. Your invest­ Power with the cost efficient 6809 new at any time. Then decide ment is just $34.50 plus $2.00 for how often you like to eat certain coprocessor; the 8 bit chip with a 16 bit shipping and handling. (Califor­ items. For example. Don't like "personality". Enough power to drive multi­ nia residents add 6'12% sales tax.) liver? Then eliminate it with a few A ful140 pages of instructions are tasking OS-9 / BASIC 09, the" Unix-like" simple keystrokes. Or, you can included. And, it will be shipped operating system with a Pascal-like BASIC . plan for it as seldom as once every promptly by first class mail. for the Apple, It's all in a days work for THE 99 weeks or as often as daily. MILl. Want to go out to your favorite OUT OF THE RUT restaurant? Enter the restaurant's One woman's reaction to this name as a "Main Course:' Now program is typical. She wrote, your computer will automatically "Before using your system I remind you to go out to eat-and found myself getting into a rut of as often as you select. It will de­ serving the same things over and Efficiency. lete all other items from that meal over. The Pizza Program has except the name of the restaurant. Efficiency with the ASSEMBLER DEVElOP­ changed all of this for me. We AUTOMATIC SHOPPING LIST now have a wider variety of din­ MENT SYSTEM; Heavyweights write state of ners and best of all I don't have You get a new menu each week to decide what they will be. If this the art programs on the 6809 for DOS 3.3 or or for just a few days if you want was all it did, I'd be thrilled. But it even stand alone. Utilities include M.A.P. And, it generates a detailed shop­ isn't. The shopping list I receive (McMili Adaptor for Pascal). ping list, automatically. It can along with my menus has been arrange each item on the list in such a time saver. I quickly run "The 5tellation Two people have earned my sequence according to the aisles through it and delete anything I highest respect for assembling an impressive at your favorite store. Studies feel I don't need and add some­ show a shopping list will discour­ collection of software for their board." thing I might. I would have a hard age impulse buying and save - Michael Coffey/ time going back to doing my you money. Creative Computing Magazine menus by hand:' Also, it generates a per serving This system requires an Apple II calorie counter. This is easy to Plus' with 48K and 1 disk drive "I feel my software output has been greater in delete anytime you are not in a (A printer is optional). We urge the six months I have used 05-9 than it was in diet mood or want to celebrate you to take advantage of our no­ the 3 Y"l years previous combined. It has a for any reason. You never count risk, 30 day home trial offer. To rakish logical simplicity that nearly defies calories unless you want to. order call toll free and use your description ... I bill 05-9 as a programmers RANDOMLY DELICIOUS VISA or MasterCard. Or, send a dream operating system." Say goodby to boring meals. check to the address below. - Brian Capouch/ Your computer will remember There's no obligation. Order MICRO Magazine variety is the spice of life. This today system makes eating at home a Call today or write for more information on this pleasure again. Each menu is ORDER TOLL FREE inexpensive Apple II, lie enhancement. randomly generated from major (24/hrs/day) food groups according to the specific criteria you select. The 800-453-4000 system is easy to learn and easy (In Utah call 1-800-662-8666) to operate. Yet it is a sophisti­ cated piece of software which will prevent menu mix-ups. The Pizza Program is not a Gourmet recipe file. Instead, it is a com­ Santa B,Hhara, Col. 91 ]:20 plete menu planning system you (80S) %b-1140 T,,('x 60,8419 Software ~~""""":,:~~~.~ customize to fit your tastes and 671 Eden Avenue budget. It's a practical and easy San Jose, CA 95117 way to organize your meal plan­ ning. You'll appreciate it day after Circle 35 on Reader Service Card 'Apple IS a registered trademark day, week after week People of Apple Computer. Inc Circle 14 on Reader Service-card 56 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0060 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 NORTHERN Spy

Rick Sutcliffe/Call -A.P.P.LE. staff writer

ORTHERN Spy" As far as direct competition with Some fast rewrites are going to be lIN - a fine quality, these was concerned, I only saw one done - and aren't software people crisp, late matur­ Apple / / / which did not seem to be going to be scrambling to take advan­ ing red apple - is catching much of the interest of this tage of the new superslot 3? You can prone to scab in damp climates, but a briefcase crowd, though there were still use the plug in type RAM cards good keeper. It has a sharp juicy obviously a few enthusiasts present. that do not require a motherboard flavor which sets up the taste buds Three local stores had the new IIe on strap in slots 1-7, but would probably and cleans the palate. Recommended display and their employees seemed be better off buying the slot 3 card for both snacks and pastries and, to be spending most of the time talk­ with 64K of RAM from Apple. (Or, with the Gravenstein and Delicious, ing to old Apple owners who had better still, wait for a four to six func­ one of the all time favorites of home heard the word that the Big An­ tion card from someone else.) Modi­ orchardists in the North. nouncement had been made right fying the shift key a la 1[+ would be Let us hope that is what this col­ here and wanted to join in the making silly, and as hard to do as on the Rev6 umn can become - in the months of history - perhaps even get a board. Sell that word processor with ahead we will be trying to offer a pro­ chance to hold one of the new babies. your old Apple and buy a new one. vocative repast, a melange of tid­ (Look Ma - ain't he cute; he's got so To me, the biggest news of all was bytes of news, views and program­ few chips it's like he was naked.) The a machine that was not in evidence ming ideas, with a definite lean to the pinstripers, on the other hand, seemed here - the LISA. Announced on the more technical side of things. blissfully unaware of the significance second day of the show, but as yet Readers are invited to join the discus­ of the big unveiling; few of them present in this country only for an sion with one-liners, opinions and were paying much attention to the IIe Ottawa news conference, this new news items of their own. The deepest displays - an indication that Apple player in the game is "the franchise". pieces will concentrate on Assembly has a long way to go in cracking open Given astronomical development Language and DOS, but Educational the office market. costs, its failure would irreparably and Legal issues will also be discussed A first for these parts was the harm the Apple Computer Corpora­ at some length. We will be nothing if presence of Apple Canada itself at tion. On the other hand, its success not eclectic in this space. Some of you the show, with a few more of the e's. would move the Cupertino team ahead may pass us by occasionally when the Stopping here after a lengthy recon­ of the rest of the league by several material here drifts away from your naissance, I checked for suspicious games and for some time to come. interest areas, but for those who do characters hanging about, and when Actually though, Apple missed a sink in their teeth, we hope to deliver the coast was clear, I quickly snapped golden opportunity here. Their booth some of that tart, crisp flavor that a box of diskettes from under my faced that of Xerox across a narrow lasts and lasts. One month, apple trench coat and made bold to "boot aisle, and who was there but LISA's crisp - another time we'll take it up" AMPERMANAGER on one of older cousin STAR. Oh, to have seen raw, enjoying Apple flavor right to its the shiny new e's. My amper utility those two face off against each other very core. package calls many routines with on the introduction day ... the thought non-published entry points from the is too much. Ah, well, where's the NEWS - Good monitor, DOS and Applesoft for its next show? Well, it really isn't (news, that is) own subprograms, and the big ques­ any more, but the Apple lIe was the tion was: "Would it run at all?" VIEWS major new product at the Vancouver I soon discovered that it would - But you've been waiting for my Office and Business machines show and perfectly so. I knew at once that opinions, haven't you? You haven't? at the Hyatt Regency in January. The here was a winner; Apple had obvi­ - well here they are anyway. The show began the same day that the lIe ously achieved what amounted to Northern Spy predicts that: was introduced, so this was its very near 100(71) software compatibility. first showing anywhere. The two things that I noticed right I'd like to report that it had them away, which will make life difficult all agog - but that just wasn't the for some people, are the lack of a case. Most of this crowd was at­ place to strap most types of 16K tracted by the endless displays of PC RAM cards, (sell them with your old equipment from International Big machine), and the lack of perfect Mother. The "other folks" machine" compatibility with the many word and its imitators were on task in a processors which look for the old wide variety of office environments game paddle shift key modification and were getting most of the atten­ (this baby has a real shift key). Actu­ tion from the bright young men and ally, the shift key mod can be dane. . . ed. women from nearby corporate head­ quarters.

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 57

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0061 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 NORTHERN Spy (la) The IIe will outsell even the (If) Soon now, someone will start (2b) Also, those beautiful LISA ] [+ and do so by a very wide margin. making Apple ] [+ add on boards to disk drives with the 860K of storage Many prospective purchasers have emulate the IIe. It shouldn't take long will probably become available separ­ been holding off and even so, sales for several people to discover just ately with a IIe DOS 4.0 - call it have been very strong in the last few which chips to pull to strap the right "Pro- DOS" if you like - in the very months. Moreover, many of the signals to an 80-column 64K card in near future. With this new setup, we hackers I know have already sold good old ordinary slot 3 to work just could see the first major departure their "old" Apple and ordered a IIe. like the lIe. Of course, you'd need a from Apple DOS as we have known There are bargains out there, folks. new ROM monitor, and some changes it. This is because a current VTOC Look for Apple to scramble to keep to the soft switches, but let us not say has room for 100 tracks in the usual up with sales which will be in the that it cannot be done - only that it arrangement, or perhaps for 108 with 100,000+/month range for a while. might be difficult. some re-ordering of the miscellane­ My estimate is that up to a third of (lg) And speaking of add on ous information at the beginning of current Apple owners will upgrade boards, a number of co-processors the page. Simultaneously going to within a year, with some electing to should make an early debut. The 512 byteslsectors would yield the keep their old machines and go with presence of the timing signals and a 84K of storage. However, the DOS two. (One to answer the doorbell and timing override on this bus imply that buffers, including those high up in turn the lights on?) any microprocessor chip could take memory, would have to be doubled in (lb) There will be more revisions. over the memory and bus and supply size, forcing a rearrangement of all There already exists a Rev B mother­ its own timing signals. The 68000 the routines. Alternatively, two sec­ board designed to improve graphics may be out because there are only tors (256 bytes each) could be used handling. High-Res graphics density eight multiplexed address lines, but for the VTOC, but this would also re­ is doubled, and some additional sig­ still - you buy an Apple today, but quire many changes. So, there will be nals brought to slot 7 for an RGB color what will you have tomorrow? a retooling of the whole system with video board. I have been advised that (1h) Finally, the pirates will particular attention to speed enhance­ Apple will make a no charge update naturally have a go at the new ments. My guess is that we'll see this after May 1 for Rev A owners who motherboard. It should be possible to by the summer time, and that it will also have the extended memory card. buy ripoffs of the new boards from use a block-length sector of 512 (lc) We will soon see hardware electronics dealers by fall at the latest bytes, enabling some simplifications manufacturers scrambling to fill that - the only reason it'll take that long to Pascal. (All the devotees say super slot 3 with 80 column, extra is that the new custom LSI chips are "Hooray".) memory (256K?), clock, and 110 com­ going to be tough to copy. Please On the other hand, a two sided bination cards like those already be­ don't mistake my light tone for ap­ system could bring in only the VTOC ing produced for the PC. You've only proval though. I do not think that needed for one side at a time, but this got one slot to spend, so you might as simply stealing someone else's might amount to having separate well make it a good one. (Again, be designs is either right in an absolute drives, so far as contiguous storage cautious about buying that Apple sense or that it benefits the rest of us space is concerned. I do not believe 64K card; you don't want to be stuck in any way. However, if something this to be an ideal solution - some of with something which is simply in­ can be made more cheaply, you can us have really big files and the pros­ adequate.) bet that it will be. More on this topic pect of having the whole 860K avail­ (1d) Look for someone - perhaps in a couple of months. able at once makes our mouths water. Apple Computer? - to bring out an (2) Now what about the LISA? I I am obviously speculating. The Apple III emulator or for an early in­ haven't actually seen one yet, but specs on the new drive would settle troduction by Apple of IIe compatible from what I do know, I think that the issue of how it will be adapted to SOS. Features like the relocatable Apple has a vehicle here in which the lIe. page zero, 80 column, extra 64K of they could drive circles around the What else, while we are retooling memory, and access to timing signals high end of the market for a year or DOS? (All this free advice - my make this one an obvious choice. Per­ more. Assuming that the kind of goodness, I should charge Apple a sonally, I think that the /1/ will even­ design problems which plagued the consulting fee.) DOS 4.0 cannot be tually be discontinued - absorbed III have not been repeated (and they too long, so they do what should have into an expanded IIe or superseded couldn't be, could they?), this one been done long ago and scrap the by some bigger brother. (When? - sounds like a big winner. Prediction: INIT command altogether, replacing well, Apples blossom in the spring ... While everybody else scrambles to it with a separate program for for­ and remember - you saw it here catch up, Apple will take over this matting disks a la CPM and Pascal. first!) end of the market. My feeling is that (Ie) Expect to see an expansion the LISA will make Apple Computer chassis soon to make several super­ Inc. more money than any compar­ slots available. (Perhaps from Moun­ able product on the market today. tain Hardware?)

58 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange IPage 0062 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

Perhaps INIT could simply be incor­ But, enough for this month. Look­ porated into a copy program; which ing now into our own future, what do WRITING THE WRONGS could then be called with the DOS we see in store for this column? command COpy (same number of Well, if you have already bought the wrongdoers letters as INIT). DOS could demand the Call -A.P.P.L.E. Special #3 - All that you insert a disk containing About DOS, then you have met my COPY and carry on from there. friend "Numbfingers" Nellie Hacker HIS note is in regard to Edward Keeping this facility separate would in the two pieces entitled "Rick's So's Picture Compression pro­ add a measure of security - particu­ gram in the May 1982 issue, RELETEr" and "ROGRAM and page 21. It is an excellent article larly in institutional situations - by other DOS Traps". [You haven't? - andT a very well designed and commented interposing another command level Run, do not walk ... etc. etc.] You program. However, I could not get the before actually formatting and de­ will therefore be thrilled to hear that program to correctly "decompress" a stroying a disk. she will be visiting this space soon stored picture. I believe I have located the For example, I could distribute as we tackle together the thorny "bug" and am sending this comment the DOS code to my students and issue of how to do partial INIT's of along for your consideration. withhold the copy utility. This would diskettes by patching into DOS. The bug manifests itself as an abbrevi­ keep control over initialization and For the following months, (DV) I ated pixel table in the storage area that is hinder them from stealing software. shall discuss some creative error written to disk. Normally, all unique pixels are transposed from the pixel table in page Also, it frees up enough memory messages and sound off about soft­ 3 ($6000-$7CFF) to the storage area above within DOS to double the size of the ware protection and piracy. Perhaps the X and Yarrays ($8782 starting address). nibble buffers, if necessary, and I'll also tell you about CPM60 some­ The transposition is accomplished with rewrite some disk access routines for time soon. In the works for a later the MPT subroutine at $ID1A. greater speed without increasing date, (possibly spread over two The variables XFROM and YFROM overall size. (DOS 3.3 is scandalously months) is a comparison of the old are the pixel source indices. XFROM is slow.) Many of my favorite entry and new Apple with the Franklin, correctly compared to XCOL in line 478 points within DOS are sure to fall, but Syscom, Pineapple, Basis and others to check for completion of the transfer of that's progress for you. - with some provocative comments a full row of pixels. However, when A more radical alternative would on these types of copy cats and why YFROM is tested initially in line 481, it be to abandon DOS altogether in will always be 0 unless the branch at line they exist. I do hope to see you again. 485 is not made. The effect is that the favor of SOS, but I consider that less subroutine terminates prematurely. likely, though a distinct possibility. ~ My fix for the problem is to add "CMP (3) We should see the McIntosh or YROW" between lines 480 and 481. In a "super-hobbiest" machine this effect, this added comparison will insure summer, once the dust has settled a that the subroutine will end only when the bit on the IIe and LISA introductions. row and column indices match "synthesis" (4) And finally, expect an Apple operation as described by Mr. So. low-end entry later this year or early David C. Parker next year. It would be foolish indeed to continue to ignore the under $500 ~ market, and the folks at Cupertino are no fools - at least not most of the time.

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Circle 2 on Reader SeNice Card

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 59 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0063 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

At last! Everything you need for integrated and reliable word processing on your Apple™ at a very cheap price ... S99.95 buys you everything!

The Personal SecretaryTM is a little brother to the Executive SecretarY™, one of the most comprehensive systems ever written for the Apple™ . The Personal SecretarY™ includes: • A complete document editor with global search and replace, the ability to mark and move ranges of text. and all the other text management features most people expect. • A built-in mailing list database (299 'cards' per file) with search and sort capabilities. • Mail-list merging that allows you to produce customized form letters using the built-in database. • Conditional printing with our powerful IF command. • A print program that lets you set all margins and embed commands to control centering, justification and indenting • Complete upward compatibility with the Executive SecretarYTM . • An exchange credit of $50.00 toward the purchase of the Executive SecretarY™ . • Automatic compatibility with the Apple lie and its 80 column card. • For older (revision 7) Apples, a coupon for a free shift key adapter and lower case adapter Published by SOF/SYS, INC., makers of the Executive SOF/SVS INC. SecretarY™ And available at a dealer near you. (612) 929-7104.

Circle 29 on Reader Service Card ZAPI INTRODUCING A NEW KIND OF SOUND EFFECTS SYSTEM.

INTRODUCING DX-1 . A DIGITAL SOUND EFFECTS SYSTEM FOR THE APPLE II The Now you can playback digitally recorded sounds and DX-1 Package modify them under computer control! DX-1 is capable of producing percussion sounds (drums-cymbals), music sounds, electronic sounds and many other miscellaneous sounds. Complete software is included in an easy "MENU" driven format. DX-1 requires an Apple 11+, Apple lie or Apple 1/1.

DX-1 comes with two P.C. boards, software on diskette PRICE: $239.95 + 3.00 Shipping & Handling and complete documentation. You can also enter your (CA residents add 6.5% sales tax) own sounds and save them on diskette. Enter your voice and play it back faster, slower, in reverse, or even in Call for a demo or write for more information: random ways! DECI LLiON IX CALL FOR DEMO: (408) 735-0410 P.O. Box 70985

Apple II/lle and Apple 1/1 are trademarks of Apple Computer. Inc. Sunnyvale, CA 94086

Circle 9 on Reader Service Card 60 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0064 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

A Call -A.P.P.L.E. SOFTWARE REVIEW: III SING THE APPLE ELECTRIC"

William C. Dwyer/reviewer

Electric Duet $29.95 Of course, this is a music program Once I figured out where the keys Inso/t and what you can hear is what really were, the "piano" performed accept­ 10175 Barbur Blvd. #202B counts. What you hear from the Elec­ ably. By striking various Apple keys, Portland, OR 97219 tric Duet Jukebox is very good. Each one can get a feeling for the range of Copy protected piece is complex and uses ED's flexi­ sounds available and play with the 1st backup-reverse side of disk bility in tonal range and note duration duet effect. I hesitate to say, how­ Additional backup $5.00 effectively. The six available "voices" ever, that one could "play music." can all be heard and the duet (or two The sustain of each note is distress­ T'S hard not to find something simultaneous voices) effect is quite ingly long, up to five seconds. Releas­ to like about Electric Duet. For impressive. The method used to gen­ ing the note, of course, has no effect , the price of a simple game erate sounds doesn't press even the since we are dealing with sampled ($29.95 suggested list price), inadequate Apple speaker beyond its binary switches. One can cut a note you actually get several interrelated bounds. Many times in the past, par­ (all sound actually) short by striking programs. Mostly they do what the ticularly on games using musical the space bar. I found it hard, how­ documentation says they will do and interludes, I have heard more distor­ ever, to adjust to the note, space, what they do is interesting and fun. tion and buzz than music. There is note, space ... pattern. Upon booting the system disk, the none of that here. The sound is rela­ The second choice on the Main user is presented with a menu of tively clean and crisp with an inter­ Menu, "Write Music" is where all three basic choices: esting "synthesizer" quality. the software time and effort must The second choice under "Play have been placed. The "Write Music" • Play Music Music" is piano. Instead of the mar­ part of Electric Duet includes two dif­ • Write Music quee and titles, the display is that of a ferent but interacting music editors. • Miscellaneous piano keyboard which shows the cor­ The first editor allows the direct entry respondence between the Apple's of notes by keying duration, octave One of the marks of good soft­ character keys and notes on a piano. and note. For example, the notation ware is the inclusion of easily reached Here I had my first problems. There "8, 2A 8,3D" on an editor line indi­ demos so that the excited new user is no picture of this display (or any cates that two eighth notes (the "8") can "get on with it" without benefit other) in the documentation. On my are to be played, the first being an A of documentation. The "Play Music" Apple many of the sharps in the dis­ in the second octave and the second menu operation more than satisfies play were shown to correspond to being a D in the third octave. Dura­ this criteria. Upon selecting "Play lower case alphabetic characters. tions available range from whole notes Music," you are offered two more The instructive text talked only to sixty fourths, including "dotted" choices - Jukebox or Piano. Select­ about upper case alphabetic char­ notes (duration 50% greater than indi­ ing Jukebox gets you a second menu acters and the shift key had no effect. cated duration number). Effectively, which lists 14 compositions in a Fortunately, the tutorial in the docu­ there are 4112 usable octaves. Rests "marquee" format with constantly mentation is a song played with up­ and sharps are easily indicated and moving characters as a border. A full per case alphabetic characters and meaningless sharps (BH, E#) are title cursor is used to select composi­ numbers. It turns out that the sharps diagnosed on entry. This editor also tions (a la Mitch Kapor and VISI­ are in fact played with numbers and permits direct numeric entry instead PLOT). Entering return loads a song special characters from the top row of the "octave, note" format for and plays it. The first surprise was of the Apple keyboard. Spatially, special effects and custom notes. the selection of compositions. Most they are in the right place. I suspect The second way to get notes in is are classical and quite long in dura­ the display problem stems from use to enter "Piano mode from the tion, playing for several minutes. It of the Ap-L-Case display chip. editor. Again a piano keyboard is dis­ was also thoughtful of the author to Nonetheless, this difficulty would played, but now notes keyed appear supply a command which cycles have been much more easily over­ on the edit line with the carriage through all the demonstration pieces. come if the manual had a picture of return used as a signal to move to the the piano display. next' edit line. This makes it much easier to enter notes, but does not allow complete entry of a composi­ tion since the keyboard has no way to signal duration. All notes appear in the edit file as the same duration, and it is necessary to go back in and manually re-enter correct durations. -(1)-

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 61 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0065 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

III SING THE APPLE ELECTRIC"

Once music is entered, various available and all functions work as The final function of Electric Duet edit functions including insertion and documented. A few seem unneces­ is in many ways the best and most deletion of a line and saving of files sarily cumbersome (such as the re­ useful. By selecting "Miscellaneous" are available. There is also an excep­ quired confirm on opening or closing from the Main Menu, the user can tionally nice "transpose" function a file for deletion or insertion) but this generate a "player" driver allowing which allows easy tempo and key is a minor criticism. Pieces can easily any composition to be played from changes to be applied to all or part of be debugged through a note trace within a BASIC program. Even com­ a file. All necessary functions are function which allows the user to step mercial use is permitted as long as through a piece. credit is given. This feature is well documented and easy to use. In my opinion, it adds tremendous value to the package. In summary, although Electric Duet is not perfect, it is very good. It effectively provides a way to produce music with an appealing sound and complexity without the addition of hardware. One final caution for users without experience in entering music into a computer - note by note entry is very painful and time consuming. This is not a fault of Electric Duet, it is in the nature of any music complex enough to be interesting and is equally true of other, far more expensive systems such as the Mountain Hard­ ware Music system.

A.P,P.L.E. Members only Be the first on your block! with Kids & The Apple Kids & The Apple is an 812 x 11 full color tutorial textbook written with clear and easy instructions at the 10-14 year old age level. Kids & The Apple will teach kids to program board games, word games, action games, how to store & recall useful data, write drill programs for math, spelling, history and illustrate them with Apple's graphic capabil­ ities. All this in 33 carefully sequenced lessons with explanations, examples, exercises and review questions. $16.00 APPLE ORDERS 2 J 246 68th Ave. Kent. WA 98032 (206) 872-2245 merchandl~;eOf purchase (sales receipt) for Scooter Washington State ReSident.,> add 6.8% sales tax NO the name of your computer dealer if he Foreign shipping/handling charge: 1600 Canadian postage being revised not carry the Scooter'· High Grade ElectrOniC ponent line WITH THIS COUPON and your name, address and T-shirt size to: ohm/electronics, 746 VERMONT ST. PALATINE, IL 60067 CA 6 Circle 22 on Reader SeNlce Card 62 Call -APP.L.E. June 1983

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0066 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

WHAT IN THE BLAISE IS GOING ON? Bruce Van Norman/Pascal editor

HIS months column is about the adaptation of There are many ways to revise System.Apple. Call Apple U.C.S.D. 1.1 to the Apple IIe. The pros­ -A.P.P.L.E. In Depth Vol. 2 - All About Pascal - pect of a genuine keyboard is a heavy one. Un­ (page 73, Pascal Zap), provides a utility for this kind of Tfortunately, the keyboard was not designed work. The physical location of block 0 of System.Apple entirely with U.C.S.D. in mind. This and the accom­ is determined by using the Filer's extended directory panying articles, deal with adapting Apple's U.C.S.D. to listing capability. This facility is described on page 59 of eighty column displays (both the IIe and 1[ + ) and with the Apple Pascal Operating System Reference Manual. other matters unique to the IIe. The SETUP program (see pages 199 thru 209 of the Pascal Version Apple Pascal Operating System Reference Manual) is program Mod Bios; needed to adapt the operating system to the new keys of const A= 10: B= 11; C= 12; 0= 13; E= 14; F= 15; the lIe. The up and down keys are not the old familiar var CTRL "0" and "L." They are now CTRL "K" and I: Integer; "]." Unfortunately, CTRL "K" is used to generate a F: File; "[" (a BIOS characteristic). It is an awkward choice to Interpreter: packed array [0 .. 31,0 .. 511) of 0 .. 255; make - especially for Pascal programmers - between a function Hex (Nybble1, Nybble2: Integer): Integer; real up key and a "[" key. What follows is a Pascal begin description of what to modify in the Apple BIOS to Hex = (16 * Nybble1) + Nybble2; make it all work correctly. end; begin 6502 Assembler Reset (F. "#4:System.Apple"); I: = BlockRead (F, Interpreter, 32, 0); (* separates up key from "[" key *) Set One (40 & 80 column displays): (*make "up" key old familiar CTRL "0"*) Up arrow. System.Apple, block 3, offset 421. Interpreter [3, 422): = Hex (O,FO; replace: A95B -LOA #{'['} (* eighty column only! Restores old familiar CTRL with: A90F -LOA #{up arrow} old "L" *) familiar CTRL "0" (* desirability is questionable, can use SETUP utility instead *) Set Two (80 column cards only): Interpreter [3, 409): = Hex (C,9); Down arrow. System.Apple, block 3, offset 409. Interpreter [3,410): = Hex (0,4); replace: AA -TAX Interpreter [3, 411): = Hex (0,0); A01 CBF -LOA CPCHAR Interpreter [3,412): = Hex (0,2); 6A -ROR A Interpreter [3,413): = Hex (A,9); B037 -BCS NOTFOLP2 Interpreter [3,414]: = Hex (O,C); 8A -TXA Interpreter [3,415): = Hex (E,A); with: C90A -CM P #{ down arrow key} Interpreter [3,416): = Hex (E,A); 0002 -BNE *+4 (* enable type-ahead with eighty column card *) AOOC -LOA #{ down arrow} old (* Apple I/e and 1[+ *) familiar CTRL "L" Interpreter [3, 393): = Hex (E,A); EAEA -NOP, NOP Interpreter [3, 394): = Hex (E,A); Enable type-ahead. System.Apple, block 3, offset 393. Interpreter [4, 207): = Hex (0,3); replace: F05E -BEQ JOONCK (* cleaning up other control characters *) with: EAEA -NOP, NOP (* not required for any specific purpose *) Prevent type-ahead flush. System.Apple, block 4, off­ Interpreter [3, 423): = Hex (E,A); set 206. Interpreter [3, 424]: = Hex (E,A); replace: C904 -CMP #4 Interpreter [3,441): = Hex (E,A); with: COO3 -CMP #3 Interpreter [3, 442): = Hex (E,A); While we are at it, remove control A & Z screen pan controls for use with other software. System.Apple, I: = BlockWrite (F, Interpreter, 32, 0); block 3, offset 423. Close (F); replace: C901 -CM P #{ control A} end. with: EAEA -NOP, NOP System.Apple, block 3, offset 441. A related letter appears In this month's Write replace: C91A -CMP #{ control Z} -A.P.P.L.E. ... ed with: EAEA -NOP, NOP

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 63 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0067 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

La~nll EI.c~ron~cs 10382 STANFORD AVENUE, SUITE E-203 95 GARDEN GROVE, CALIFORNIA 92640 PHONE (714) 534-4216 219 FINALLY A RIGHT PRICE FOR THE RIGHT PRODUCT MICROSOFT :16K CARD mlcromax presents $69.00 VIEWMAX-OO * HARDWARE FOR THE APPLE II * YOUR LIST COST HAYES MICROMODEM II 379.00 263.00 HAYES SMARTMODEM (RS-232) 279.00 199.00 THE RIGHT SO·COLUMN VIDEO CARD NOVATION APPLE CAT II 389.00 268.00 FOR YOUR APPLE II' It is more compatible with existing 8O-column application software than other leading cards. MICROSOFT Z-80 SOFTCARD CP/M 395.00 219.00 And it is loaded with features. Check for yourself

IUILT·IN FULLY VIDEX VIDEOTERM CARD - 80 COL. 345.00 225.00 SO" INVEltSf m PAICE OOTMAnux DESCENDEI'IS VIDEO SWITCH COIIIPATIILI IUl'i'OltT WIZARD 80 COLUMN CARD 249.00 149.00 VlEWMAX-lIO 219 Yo, y" y" y., y •• y •• WIZARD 16K RAM CARD 95.00 64.00 SMARTER .. " 360 No No y" Yo> y" v•• VIDEOTERM" y" No No No No WIZARD BUFFERED PRINTER INTERFACE SUP'R TERM" 375 No y" No y" No OMNIVISION* 295 No No No y" No (16K BUFF + GRAPHICS, OKI, EPSON, VISION eo" FULLVIEW 10* 379 NEC, OR ANADEX) 179.00 129.00 WIZARD ao" 245 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No AMDEK VIDEO 300 GREEN MONITOR 199.00 143.00 V'EWMAX-8Q " ''''''00.11, comp.ltb'. ollh V'DEX, V,deot.~ '"0 00'" ~~,;;-;;;;;;-\lO-

MICRO-SCI A2 DRIVE WITH CONTROLLER 495.00 309.00 micromax Also, Apple Parallel Printer Card; $79.96 OKIDATA MICROLINE 83A PRINTER 899.00 6868 Nancy Ridge Drive Apple 4O-Column Upper/Lowercase Adapter: $29.95 665.00 San Diego, CA 92121 Z-80 CP/M Card $1<11.95 NEC PC-8023A PRINTER 695.00 450.00 (619) 457-3131 KENSINGTON SYSTEM SAVER FAN 89.95 65.00 "WE MAXIMIZE YOUR MICRO INVESTMENT' 'Trademarks 01 Appla Inc, "c!YI",,&d LogIC S~s., Vide. Corp, M&R Enl.'p" ••• , Compute, Stop, Vlltl Comput ..., BII 3 Comput.... GIBSON LIGHT PEN / LPS II (PENTRAK) 345.00 239.00 W.. perlollcrOIY I ltm,

* VERBATIM DISKS * Circle I on Reader Service Card 100 DATALIFE 5114" 40 TRACK 450.00 253.00 50 DATALIFE 5114" 40 TRACK 225.00 132.00 * SOFTWARE FOR THE APPLE II * PFS: FILE (SOFTWARE PUB.) 125.00 76.00 PFS: REPORT (SOFTWARE PUB.) 95.00 58.00 PFS: GRAPH (SOFTWARE PUB.) 125.00 76.00 DB MASTER (STONEWARE) 229.00 147.00 DB UTILITY PACK (STONEWARE) 99.00 64.00 DB UTILITY PACK II (STONEWARE) 99.00 64.00 THE HOME ACCOUNT (CONTINENTAL) 74.95 47.00 VISICALC 3.3 (VISI CORP) 250.00 169.00 MULTIPLAN (MICROSOFT CP/M) 275.00 167.00 MULTIPLAN (MICROSOFT DOS3.3) 275.00 167.00 WORD STAR (MICRO PRO CP/M) 495.00 299.00 SCREEN WRITER II (ON-LINE) 129.95 79.00 WORD HANDLER (SILICON VALLEY) 199.00 124.00 FORTRAN-80 (MICROSOFT CP/M) 195.00 125.00 ASCII EXPRESS PRO. (SOUTHWESTERN DATA) 129.95 85.00 Z-TERM PRO (SOUTHWESTERN DATA) 149.95 98.00 TRANSEND I (SSM) 89.00 61.00 DATA CASPTURE 4.0 (REG. VER.) 64.95 42.00 DATA CAPTURE 4.0/80 (VIDEX VER.) 89.95 56.00 WIZARDRY (SIR-TECH) 49.95 33.00 CASTLE WOLFENSTEIN (MUSE) 29.95 19.00 DEADLINE (INFOCOM) 49.95 31.00 ACCEPTED PAYMENT - PERSONAL CHECK or MONEY ORDER. NO CREDIT CARDS. If Personal Check, Allow 10 BANKING DA YS for CLEARANCE. Prices and specifications subject to change without notice. Unless otherwise noted, ALL PRICES are PLUS SHIPPING. SHIPPING & HANDLING - ADD $5.00 UPS SURFACE (DISK DRIVES $7.50 - MONITORS $10.00 - PRINTERS $15.00) California residents add 6% Sales Tax.

Circle 12 on Reader Service Card SDutnwesteAn data sYstems'· 10761 Woodside Ave., Suite E • P.O. Box 582·C • Sant ••, CA 92071 Circle 32 on Reader Service Card 64 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0068 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

PASCAL MAGIC - A BElTER KEYPRESS Joel Buckley and Ron DeGroat

EYPRESS is a widely used RPTR ($BFI8) and WPTR ($BFI9) However, the user should not expect Apple Pascal function that are the buffer pointers to the last other memory locations to remain fixed enables a program to test character read from the keyboard, in future releases of Apple Pascal. for keyboard input. Nor­ and to the last character written to Except for hardware interfacing, use K the system, respectively. If RPTR of invariant records and direct acces­ mally, KEYPRESS resides in the library unit APPLESTUFF. When a does not equal WPTR then char­ sing of memory are generally poor program "USES APPLESTUFF," acters are in the type-ahead buffer programming practices. two conditions occur: 1) The unit and KEYPRESS returns a value of Besides MAGIC, another trick is must be on-line and in the SYSTEM. TRUE, otherwise, KEYPRESS used in KEYPRESS which involves LIBRARY. 2) All seven routines in the returns FALSE. bit twiddling. The sixth bit of the unit end up being linked and loaded. To directly access the necessary CONFLAGS byte ($BFI5) is the But in many cases, KEYPRESS is memory locations, KEYPRESS uses flush flag. The flush flag must be set the only routine actually desired. an invariant record called MAGIC. so that the WRITE statement does One way to avoid "using" the en­ An invariant (free union) record is a not actually write anything (see list­ tire unit would be to write a separate variant record with no tag field. In ing). A SET OF 0.7 is represented by assembly language routine for KEY­ general, invariant records should only eight bit vectors in memory. The PRESS. Such a routine appeared in be used in systems programming. zeroth bit corresponds to the "0" in the Winter 1980-81 issue of Apple "Now it's an INTEGER, now it's a the set and the seventh bit corre­ Orchard. Unfortunately this solution pointer" is inconsistent with Pascal's sponds to "7." Hence, a set, [2,6] is introduces a couple of new hassles: 1) straight-forward and easy-to-follow represented in memory by a byte The KEYPRESS routine must be style. (For more information, see with bit(2) and bit(6) set. It should be assembled separately (and most Pas­ PROGRAMMING IN PASCAL by emphasized that this technique of bit cal programmers tend to avoid assem­ Peter Grogono, pp. 175-176.) In this twiddling is a special trick which bly language whenever possible). 2) case, however, the choice was be­ should be avoided except under cer­ The EXTERNAL routine must be tween an EXTERNAL assembly lan­ tain circumstances, e.g., hardware linked every time the host program is guage routine and an invariant interfacing. ~ compiled (a process that is somewhat record. Using MAGIC to access time consuming and cumbersome, these locations seems justified especially on a single-drive system). because the addresses are perma­ A Pascal implementation of KEY­ nently fixed (according to the Attach PRESS offers significant simplifica­ BIOS documentation from Apple). tion because it can be compiled directly, requiring neither SYSTEM. LIBRARY nor SYSTEM.LINKER. ( •• *••••••••• *••••• ** ••••• *** •• **) It eliminates the unnecessary bag­ (* *) gage of the unused routines in (* LISTING 11: PASCAL KEYPRESS *) APPLESTUFF and also avoids the (* *) hassle of assembling and linking an <* WRITTEN BY .) (* JOEL BUCKLEY & RON DEGROAT *) EXTERNAL procedure. (* II) The Pascal KEYPRESS routine (* Call -A.P.P.L.E. : June 1983 *) shown in Listing #1 may be used in (* II) any Pascal program. It is version in­ <********************************) dependent and should work for exter­ PROGRAM KEYDEMO; nal consoles (unless serial interfaces or non-standard driver routines are VAR COL INTEGER; used). CH : CHAR; The KEYPRESS function forces the BIOS (Basic Input/Output FUNCTION KEYPRESS:BOOLEAN; System) to check the console for key­ board input by doing a WRITE with TYPE BIT=O .. 7 ; the flush flag set (see listing). Any­ BYTE=SET OF BITS; time an I/O operation is performed, WORD=PACKED ARRAY[O .. 1] OF BYTE; the console device is checked. If a VAR MAGIC:RECORD CASE BOOLEAN OF character is available, it is placed in TRUE: (ADDR:INTEGER); the console type-ahead buffer. FALSE: (BYTE: AWORD); END; RPTR,WPTR. CONFLAGS: BYTE;

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 65 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0069 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

PASCAL MAGIC - A BETTER KEYPRESS BEG IN BEGIN (* KEY DEMO *) WRITELN('This program demonstrates KEYPRESS.')j (* SET FLUSH FLAG TO DO NULL WRITE *) VRITELN( 'Press keys randomly, (ESC) to quit. '); REPEAT WITH MAGIC DO FOR COL:=1 TO 30 DO BEGIN BEGIN ADDR:=-16619; (*CONSOLE FLAGS *) IF KEYPRESS THEN CONFLAGS:=BYTEA[Ol; BEGIN (*CLEAR KEYBD *) BYTEA[Ol :=[6]; (*SET FLUSH FLAG*) READ(KEYBOARD,CH) j (*WITH NO ECHO*) WRITE(' '); (*CHECK CONSOLE *) WR I TE ( CHR ( 7 ) , , I' ) j BYTEA[Ol:=CONFLAGSj(*RESTORE FLAGS *) END ELSE WRITE ( '. '); ADDR:=-16616j (*BUFFER PTRS * l END; RPTR: =BYTEA[Ol; WRITELN; WPTR:=BYTEA[11j UNTIL eH = CHR(2?>; (* ESC *) END; WRITELN; WRITE('Demo complete, press (RET}.,>; KEYPRESS:=(RPTR<>WPTR) ; READLNj END END; (*KEYPRESS*)

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the wrongdoers

1 LI S'f 10 REM APPLESOFT "NEXT" DEMO BY WES HUNTRESS • Interactive Microware's general-purpose ADALAB@ data ac­ CALL -A.P.P.L.E. DEC. 1982 quisition and control system interfaces with virtually any lab in­ strument using a recorder or meter, including GC and HPLC sys­ tems, spectrophotometers, pH meters, process control apparatus, Z5 HOME : PRINT PRINT "START": thermocouples, etc. PR INT • Lab Data Managerrio) software facilitates single or multi­ 30 FOR I = 1 TO 5 channel acquisition, storage, display and chart recorder style out­ 35 .. FOR J = 1 TO 10 put of lab instrument data. IMI QUICKI/O software operates within 40 .. " IF J = S THEN 55 easy-to-use BASIC! 45 .. NEXT • Thousands of scientists currently use IMI software and/or 50 PRINT PRINT "LINE 50 " ADALAB products worldwide! 55 NEXT * Price includes 48K APPLEt II + CPU, disk drive with controller, 12" monitor, dot matrix printer with interface, IMI ADALAB@inter­ 80 PRINT : PRINT "EXIT" face card. tT,adema,k of Apple Compute,. Inc 90 PRINT : PRINT "EXIT" 95 END IMI's ADALAB INTERFACE 98 REM *** CARD IS AVAILABLE n REM SEPARATELY FOR ONLY $495 (Includes 12-bit ND. 12-bit DI A. 8 digital sense inputs, 8 HOV MANY PRINTED LINES digital control outputs. 32-bit reaf-time clock, two 16-bit DO YOU EXPECT? timers plus QUICKI/O data acqUisition software.) TRY CHANGING LINE 45 TO :: NEXT J, AND LINE 55 -m- INTERACTIVE MICROWARE, INC. TO NEXT I. NOTICE P. O. Box 771, Dept. 48 A DIFFERENCE? IWI State College, PA 16801 (814) 238-8294

Circle 10 on Reader Service Card

66 Call -A'p.P.L.E. June 1983

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0070 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

T~ Color Print~r for only S599:~~~~~~e

• New technology four-hammer print head • Unique diagonal ribbon provides simpler and more reliable operation • Prints 7 colors plus more than 30 shades

• All colors and shades are printed in a single pass of the print head • Built by Seikosha, the oldest manufacturing company of the famous Seiko group-providing precision products since 1892 .

Transtar . [3ox (-96975 [3ellevue, Washington 98009 Circle 40 on Reader Service Card Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0071 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

TOMORROW'S APPLES TODAY

Kevin 0. Donohoe/editor

NOTE: These products are presumed to be state at the art_ Call -A.P.PLE. does not necessarily endol"se ()()( test products published in this column nor guarantee their curren[ availability ity of the function keys. The detachable PRO-100 keyboard makes the Apple I III I + a truly remarkable and user friendly Editors Note: In the March '83 issue, Tomorrow's Apples To­ computer. day pointed interested readers of the FFT Spectrum Analyzer to Future options for the PRO-lOO include: PASCAL, CPIM, Northwest Instrument Systems (a regional representative) for in­ FORTRAN, and other operating systems as well as popular formation rather than its manufacturer: IQS, Inc., 5719 Corsodi word processing programs for the Apple I III I + such as: WORDSTARTM, APPLE WRITER J[TM, and SUPER Napoli, Long &Ch, CA 90803, (714) 973-1086. We apologize for the error. TEXTTM with function keys that can execute with the stroke of a single key. The PRO-lOO keyboard package is compatible APPLE COMPUTER ANNOUNCES with existing Apple peripherals. Amkey's PRO-100 keyboard package is available off-the­ PRICE DROP FOR THE APPLE 11/ shelf for $265.00 including shipment and handling. Apple Computer today announced price reductions for its For more information contact: Mr. Robert Dimodana, Vice Apple /II personal computer. The U.S. suggested retail price of President, AMKEY, Inc., 220 BaIIardvale Street, Wilmington, the Apple /II configured with 256 thousand bytes (256K) of MA 01887 or call (617) 658-7800. main memory is now $2695, reduced from $3495. The 128K Apple /II will sell for $2495, reduced from $2995. RGB COLOR BOARD, Apple also announced that it is discontinuing production of NEW FOR APPLE lie its 128K Apple /II and will drop it from the product line when current inventory is exhausted. Software and service for the A new video board that provides the Apple IIe computer system, as well as kits to upgrade 128K systems to 256K, will with RGB (redlgreenlblue) video signals that enhance the reso­ continue to be available through authorized Apple dealers. lution and color quality of the supplied composite video, is now .. Application software for the Apple /II has become increas­ available. The board can be used with 80 column text so that ingly sophisticated and more highly integrated, generating color graphics and text are displayed on one RG~ Monitor. In greater demand for the 256K Apple /II," said Paul Dali, addition, each text line can be set to anyone of eIght colors on co-general manager of the Personal Computer Systems Divi­ any of eight colors of background. SYNC signals .are ± TTL sion. Cost reductions on some components and increased composite or ± TTL separate horizontal and vertlc.a1, for um­ manufacturing efficiency resulting from the production of only versal RGB Monitor compatibility. The board plugs Into slot #7 one configuration of the Apple /II make the price reductions and comes with 5" of ribbon cable for signal output. Optional possible. cable connector and longer length cable is available. The Apple /II personal computer is widely used in business, Model VCB-2e $169.00 professional, and scientific applications. Model VCB-A2, with VSS-80 RGB/80 column soft Apple Computer, Inc., 20525 Mariani Avenue, Cupertino, switch, is available for the Apple 1[, CA 95014, (408) 973-2042. Delivery is from stock

NEW APPLE'M Telemax, Inc., 780 Lorraine Drive, Box 339, Warrington, DETACHABLE KEYBOARD PA 18976, (215) 343-3000 BY AMKEY THE BEST OF FORTH DIMENSIONS AMKEY, Inc. introduces the PRO-I00 intelligent, detach­ WELL RECEIVED able, capacitance keyboard with enclosure for use with the Apple I ITMIl I + ™ personal computers. The FORTH Interest Group (FIG) is pleased to announce The PRO-l00 offers 100 keys supporting all existin~ Apple the availability of "The Best of FORTH Dimensions. " The Best functions plus: horizontal and vertical cursor movement, of FORTH Dimensions was recently introduced at the 8th An­ separate number pad with enter key, auto-repeat, relocated nual West Coast Computer Faire (March 1983) and offers the reset key, CAP's lock key, power- on indicator, upper/)ower computer consumer a quick and inexpensive ($1.00) look at case (rev. 7 +), 22 VisiCaIc keys, 25 Apple BASIC keys, and 18 FORTH Dimensions - the bimonthly (6/year) non-profit publi­ Programmable keys. cation of the FORTH Interest Group. A one-year subscription The VisiCaIc keys assist the user to access all VisiCaIc com­ to FORTH Dimensions is included in FIG membership of mands through the use of one key (VisiCalc function keys in­ $15.00 USA and $27.00 Foreign. clude: ISL, lSD, ISS, GOTO AI, IC, IB, IIR, IDC, IDR, 1M, IF, The FORTH Interest Group is a worldwide organization of IGF, IT, IW, IR, IS, US, lSUL, 1-, IE, IPF, ISQ, and also, ~ ~ne over 3,500 members devoted to the dissemination of information key cursor control). This program reduces the user traInIng about the FORTH computer language. FORTH is an extensible, time and creates a friendlier program for novices as well as powerful, interactive, transportable and compact computer dedicated programmers. language. It can include an interpreter, compiler, assembler, The Apple BASIC keys help the user to access BASIC com­ operating system and editor. Implementations are available for mands that were normally confusing to remember or to use into micro, mini, and mainframe computers. one key function (Home, Catalog, Load, List, Edit, etc.) speed­ For further information call the FIG Hot Line (415) ing up computer use. Supplied with the PRO-lOO keyboard is a 962-8653 or write the FORTH Interest Group, P.O. Box n05, pre-boot diskette containing BASIC disk utilities, user friendly San Carlos, CA 94070. menu, keyboard information and a useful Word Pr~essor ~d Graphics program that demonstrates the programmmg fieXlbIl-

68 Call -A.P.P.l.E. June 1983

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0072 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

N-saUARED INTRODUCES ADVERTISING AGENCY THREE STOCK MARKET SOFTWARE PACKAGE ANALYSIS PROGRAMS ADmaster IJTM, a total integrated advertising agency soft­ ware package for use with the Apple I I, IIe, and IBM-PC com­ N-Squared Computing introduces three Interactive Graphics puters is being offered by Bocek Associates, Inc. Industrial Market Analysis Programs for the financial Investor/Analyst. Advertising Agency of San Francisco. All programs are "User-Friendly" and incorporate menu­ In addition to conventional accounting records and reports, driven operations, superb graphics with auto-scaling, statis­ ADmaster II features Traffic Master which specifically deals tics, cursor with data readout, and optional "auto-modem" with the numerous details involved with media placements. data base updating. Complete utilities for manual editing/ Separate files cover Future Media with provision for tracking updating and a comprehensive Instruction Manual are also in­ and reporting various closing dates, Current Media for billing cl~ded. Hardware requirements: Apple I I +/IIe, 48K RAM, purposes, and Cumulative Media with details such as media in­ Disk II, DOS 3.3. Optional: Modem, Print/Interface Card voice and payment check numbers. Drive No.2. ' ADmaster II is supplied with Master Control Program N-Squared Market Illustrator disks, a duplicate set of formatted working disks, printer pro­ The N-Squared Market Illustrator consists of two comple­ grams, and complete documentation. Custom software to adopt mentary programs for plotting, smoothing and comparing all the printing programs to each user's existing business forms is types of financial data. One program features price, volume, available. and On-Balance Volume charting for stocks and commodities. Support and custom programming is available in person and !he secon.d program utilizes split-screen displays for compar­ by phone modem. Additional support will be available through mg data With program generated indicators and includes a com­ the Admaster II Users Group which is now being formed. plete weekly Historical Data Base, comprising over 130 statis­ Bocek Associates, Inc., 681 Market St., Suite 1022, San tics compiled from BARRON's (from September 1980). $195. Francisco, CA 94105, (415) 543-4405. N-Squared Market Analyzer BAT-STAT The N-Squared Market Analyzer provides the analyst with total manipulative capability to create and compare the most Rainbow Computing, Inc. announces BAT -STAT, a pro­ complex indicators (Data Base included). Keystroke functions gram which keeps track of cumulative batting statistics for include exponential smoothing, arithmetic averaging, ratios, each player on a baseball team. This menu-driven program is sums, differences, transforms, de-trends, and time-lag designed to keep statistics for a baseball team of up to 20 analyses. Indicators such as the Trading Index (TRIN) and Ad­ players. Player statistics are given for both "This Game" and vance Decline Line (ADL) are easily generated and displayed in "Season." Team totals for current game and season are also seconds. $295. provided on the report. Ten statistical categories are provided: At Bats, Runs, Hits, Batting Average, Doubles, Triples, Home N-Squared Stock Analyzer Runs, Sacrifices, Walks, and Runs Batted In. BAT-STAT The N-Squared Stock Analyzer incorporates all major automatically computes batting averages. technical analysis functions for the detailed study of individual BAT -STAT features: easy data entry and editing, error­ stocks. Capabilities include high-low-close-volume displays handling, blank score sheet printing, and game and season with linear or semi-log auto-scaling, price-volume indicators report printing. Requires: Apple I I + 48K or Apple IIe, and a relative strengths, momentums, smoothing, averaging, and single disk drive with DOS 3.3. The price is $49.95 on floppy Point & Figure charting. $295. diskette. For further information write RCI Marketing, 19517 For more information contact: N-Squared Computing, 5318 Business Center Drive, Northridge, CA 91324, (213) 349-0300. Forest Ridge Rd., Silverton, OR 97381, (503) 873-5906. DISKINVOICE SYSTEM SPEEDSTAT STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Broadway Software today armounced the release of "DISK­ INVOICE SYSTEM," a software package for the Apple I I, I I + SoftCorp International, Inc. has introduced two new and IIe, designed to "break the price/performance barrier in Volumes of the speedSTAT statistical analysis system for Apple small-business applications," according to W.L. Craig, Broad­ I [ computers. Volume 1: Frequencies & Crosstabs has been on way Software's president. the market for some time. It performs activity analysis and sur­ "We have been pleased to see hardware prices dropping vey analysis functions, providing access to extensive descrip­ steadily," Craig says, "but are concerned that the opposite tive statistics. The new volumes are Volume 2: Regression & seems to be true in the software field, particularly in business Correlation and Volume 3: Analysis of Variance. and professional applications." Craig says he feels that a small The speedSTAT line is designed to appeal to sllJall business business just can't justify five hundred or a thousand dollars for and professional users, including marketing professionals. All a lot of bells and whistles when all that's wanted is a fast, con­ volumes are compatible with each other and with DIF files. venient way to type invoices, keep thorough records, and gen­ Several more volumes in the speedSTAT series are under de­ erate statements quickly and easily. "Our DISKINVOICE velopment and will be introduced with summer. SYSTEM," he says, "will handle the billing for almost any SpeedSTAT software is completely menu-driven. No previ­ busi?ess that sends out up to 300 invoices per month, and it ous computer experience is necessary. All volumes can be retails for only $55.00!" operated by a clerical person utilizing just five keys from the Broadway's new offering is a many-featured invoice/ keyboard. The speedSTAT series produces presentation-quality accounts receivable package which uses standard ASCII text reports and includes hands-on tutorials in the profusely illu­ files for data storage. All major elements of the system are strated User's Guide. written in Applesoft BASIC, to allow easy customizing and SoftCorp International, Inc. also provides toll-free technical back-up, although customizing procedures to cover most situa­ support telephone numbers to assist the user. tions are already built in. DISKINVOICE SYSTEM is also The software requires an Apple I [, 1[+, or IIe with 48K and available in Spanish. two disk drives. DISKINVOICE SYSTEM is completely menu-driven, and SoftCorp International's corporate offices are located at 229 is available at several business-oriented software retailers or Huber Village Blvd., Westerville, OH 43081. Phone (800) by mail from Broadway Software, 642 Amsterdam Ave., Suite 543-1350 (in Ohio, (513) 891-5044). 136, NYC 10025.

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 69 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0073 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 Iidta9LJarena" GREAT INNOVATORS

15th century renaissance man, Leonardo Da Vinci, con­ tributed an inexhaustible collection of inventions and ideas to solve the world's problems. These ideas were centuries ahead of their time. The studies on this page deal with ex­ periments in manned flight. Like Leonardo, Vista Computer is answering many of today's complex computer storage problems. The Vista V1200 is a great solution to Apple IITM storage, Mass storage for your Apple IITM Computer has always been a problem. On one hand, there were the exotic, expensive hard disks with the worries of head crashes, drive alignments, lost data, or no cost efficient means of backup, On the other hand, the backup with a new application of field-proven floppy Apple floppy drive lacked the speed and storage demanded technology. by today's professionals. The VistaPak cartridges hold 6MB of formatted data each. Vista's V1200 offers both at an incredibly attractive price. The removable cartridge allows you to keep duplicates of The removable VistaPak cartridges offer 6 Megebytes of your valuable data as well as to keep separate paks for your removable storage each and can be backed up like a floppy. accounting, word processing, spread sheet and other appli­ cations. No other storage device offers more in flexibility Now hard disk storage and speed can be yours with the added and capability. capability of interchangeable media. The V1200 eliminates • Microprocessor controIIed drive • DMA Controller • Removable Data Cartridges • CP 1M, DOS & Pascal compati­ ble • Quickcharge™, DOS enhancement included. Includes 1 VistaPak cartridge • Vista 120 Day Warranty

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Circle 41 on Reader SeNlce Card Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0074 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 TOMORROW'S APPLES TODAY WORDSTAR ACQUIRES A VOICE THE ATTENDANCE "DESK IN NEW COURSE FROM FLiPTRACK DIGIPAC is pleased to announce the release of THE ATTENDANCE DESK, a software package for the Apple I [ The leading word processor for microcomputers can now computer. The program is designed to handle the attendance explain itself in friendly human terms, even to a first-time com­ recording procedures of both large and small secondary and puter user. elementary schools. The program records up to five different Its voice is actually that of Lee McFadden, founder of Flip­ absence categories as well as lates. It generates automatic Track Learning Systems, who patiently guides the word proc­ notices to parents at selected numbers of absences. The pro­ essing newcomer through each command and capability of gram is also a comprehensive data base for schools recording WordStar. In three audio cassette lessons, requiring about two pertinent information such as marks, comments, name, ad­ hours each, McFadden teaches his listeners to create their own dresses and other school related demographic data. documents, edit them, reorganize them, merge them, format Priced at $395 Canadian ($320 US) suggested retail, the them, save them and print them. program requires either an Apple I [+ or Apple IIe with 48K, Haw Use WordStar can be used with any computer that to two disk drives and printer. runs WordStar, including the IBM Personal Computer, specially DIGIPAC Computer Consulting, 907 River Street East, equipped Apples and all CP/M-based machines. Prince Albert Saskatchewan S6V OB3, (306) 764-1707. In addition to three spoken voice cassettes, the course in­ cludes a fully-indexed User's Guide that summarizes all key ideas and procedures from the lessons. With the need for read­ APPLECENTER MODEL 12 ing and note-taking eliminated, the learner is free to concen­ The APPLECENTER Model 12 is designed to protect trate on the screen and keyboard, trying each command and your Apple I [ system from theft and unauthorized use. Bolted seeing the results. to a table-top, the APPLECENTER protects your Apple I [ and "The use of audio instruction for word processing training two disk drives. Features include a built-in filtered cooling fan is certainly not new," McFadden said, "but our approach to it and the SURGE SENTRY voltage surge and spike protector is. We don't assume that everybody has the same needs, inter­ from RKS Industries. The key switch powers-up your system ests and tolerance for practice, so we invite the learner to turn and also unlocks the "hood" for easy access inside your Apple over the tape for additional topics and optional reinforcement at computer. Suggested retail is $239.95. Models available with­ key points in each lesson. Our patented FlipTrack format out fan or surge protection. Write to: Doss Industries, 1224 works on any standard audio cassette player, and no computer Mariposa Street, San Francisco, CA 94107, (415) 861-2223. hookup is required." Haw to Use WordStar sells for $49.95 and is available CLEO MAKES ITS DEBUT through computer stores nationwide. For more information, The new service, which stands for Computer Listings of write FlipTrack Learning Systems, A Division of Mosaic Employment Opportunities, is aimed at those personal compu­ Media, Inc., 526 N. Main St., Box 711, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137, ter users who are seeking technical career changes. (312) 790-1117. Marketing Manager, Roger Martin, described CLEO" ... as a free access electronic classified advertising service." It will SOFTWARE PUBLISHING be entirely supported by advertising revenues from the pro­ CORPORATION ANNOUNCES spective employers. For the price of a phone call, technical professionals from THE PFS® : across the country can explore this information and apply for SCHOOL RECORDKEEPER jobs On-line by simply calling CLEO's telephone number. The A new software product designed to cut the paperwork database will be updated daily. burden in the school office will be available soon from Software "The Medium is immediate," Martin said, " ... and it Publishing Corporation. enables technical professionals to find career opportunities The PFS:SCHOOL RECORDKEEPER works with the through a medium that is on their own level of sophistication." popular PFS:FILE and PFS:REPORT programs to produce "For out-of-town users, CLEO's listings will be the most over 30 reports for student record management; budget and up-to-date available. This is because of the lead time neces­ requisition control; property management; and room and event sary for employment ads in trade magazines and the lag time in scheduling. the distribution of out-of-town newspapers." The PFS:SCHOOL RECORDKEEPER consists of four CLEO was established after several years of research by ready-to-use forms. Each form design includes five to eight THE COPLEY PRESS, INC., a newspaper chain which pub­ pre-defined report formats. Just enter the information in the lishes The Daily Breeze in Torrance, California, and The San form, then retrieve, update and sort it by any category. With a Diego Union and Tribune. few keystrokes, it can produce the student lists, budget Research, compiled by Copley, indicates that more than reports, equipment repair analyses, mailing labels and room! half of all serious computer owners work in high tech occupa­ event schedules needed to keep a school running smoothly. tions and a high percentage live in California. Best of all, schools are not locked into a rigid software system. "We now have the potential to reach a very significant per­ They can easily change the form designs and reports to meet centage of the technical market," said Martin. their special needs. CLEO is preparing to publicize the service by advertising in The PFS:SCHOOL RECORDKEEPER will be available on trade journals that speak directly to the personal computer the Apple I [ and IIe in the spring of 1983. It can be purchased user. They are also planning a print and direct sales campaign through selected educational suppliers or directly from Soft­ to attract advertisers. ware Publishing Corporation. It sells for $150 or can be pur­ CLEO's access #: (216) 618-8800. 300 BAUD, full duplex, 7 chased with PFS:FILE and PFS:REPORT for $400. bit character, one stop bit, no parity. Software Publishing Corporation is located at 1901 land­ Terminal software is not required but recommended. ings Drive, Mountain View, CA 94043, (415) 962-8910. CLEO, 2164 West 190th Street, Torrance, California 90504, (213) 617-0200. ~

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 71 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0075 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

lPRIO Now" For Rev e! lL I s'r I I I ;. 10 REM SO WHAT DID YOU EXPECT? KEN KASHMAR£Jl CALL -A.P.P.L.E. lS CALL - 3102 20 PC., - 3084: POKE 230.32: FOR I = 1 TO S: READ A: DATA 42. 8S.127 , 170.213: COSUB 940: NEIT 30 CALL - 3112 40 P2 = 4 1r 4096:L 2 1r 4096:Pl L = SO POKE P2.127:A1 = Pi: AZ = P2 + '-:'. ,,' L - 2:A4 = At + 1 : COSUB 900 //.(Ij;,iY'\'I\,' ,'\ , , 60 POKE P2 1170: POKE P2 + 1, 213: r--"--...::.....:..--'-...::.....:.....::.....:..~, W ~r",', I, p.'t,~ce'iling ... 'at . Al = P2:A2 = P2 + 37:A4 = P2 , .it~'firies'CPpwerful and ver- + 2: COSUB 900:A2 = A2 + 2 satile, yet easy to use\ and 70 B = 40:C = 128: FOR J ~ 0 TO 2 natural. Designed for the :2 = Pi + J 1r B: FOR N = 0 TO 7: FOR I = N TO N + S6 STEP business and professional 8:A4 = Z + I 1r C: COSUB 900: environment (or for anyone who wants the best), NEXT I IN ,J Simple control commands. Typewriter-style shift 7S POKE P2.128:Al = P2:A2 = P2 + and lock. Glossary. Form letters and mailing lists, L - 2:A4 = A1 + 1: COSUB 900 Menus for disk access and printing. DOS 3.3 com­ 80 At = P2 + L - 48: POKE AI. 21 3 : patible text files. 40 or 80 column display, POKE Al + 1.170:A2 = Al + 3 Modifiable drivers for most interface cards and 7:A4 Al + 2: COSUB 900:A2 = printers. ~ NOW 3"VST 0 I A2 + 2 Iz., , 90 FOR J = Z TO 0 STEP - I:Z = P2 + J 1r B: FOR N = 7 TO 0 STEP Communications - 1: FOR I = N + 56 TO N STEP add-on for ZARDAX, - 8:A4 = Z + I 1r C: COSUB 9 Turns ZARDAX into a 00: NEXT I.N.J communicating word pro­ 95 POKE P2,255:A1 = P2:A2 = P2 + cessor, to send and L - 2:A4 Al + 1: COSUB 900 receive text files. Talk to other Apples, mainframes, 100 P3 = P2 + L - 48 information services, typesetters. Includes terminal 105 Al = P2 + L - 48: POKE A1.85: mode. 300 or 1,200 baud. Works with serial, POKE Al + 1,42:A2 = Al + 37 modem, and popular 80 column cards used by :A4 = At + 2: COSUB 900 107 Cl A1:C2 A2 + 2 ZARDAX. Log-on files and X-on X-off supported, = = 110 Al = P2: POKE Al,41: POKE At + $80, 1,85:A2 = At + 37:A4 .. At + 2: COSUB 900 "Apple Interactive Data 115 B 1 = At: B2 = A2 + 2 Analysis," Statistical 120 FOR J = 0 TO 2:Z = PZ + J 1r B:W = P3 - J 1r B: FOR N = 0 TO analysis package for 7: FOR I = N TO N + 56 STEP production research work 8 with large survey data 130 Al = Bl:A2 = B2:A4 s Z + I • files. Full range of analysis - from descriptive C: COSUB 900 140 Al = Cl:A2 = CZ:A4 W - I • statistics to multiple regression. Complete data C: COSUB 900 manipulation, transformation and case selection, 150 NEXT I,N,J Fast and accurate calculations, Up to 4,000 cases 890 END and 255 variables per file, $235. 900 T = INT (At I 256): POKE 61. T: POKE 60,Al - T * 256 910 T "" 1NT (U 1256): POKE 63, Just push our button ... T: POKE 62,A2 - T * 256 920 T = INT (A4 I 2S6): POKE 67, Action-Research Northwest, T: POKE 66,A4 - T * 25' 11442 Marine View Drive, Sw. 930 I = O:Y = O:A = O:PC s - 468 Seattle, WA 98146 940 POKE 69,A: POKE 70,1: POKE 7 (206) 241-1645 Source: CL2542 I , Y:GO = PC + 65536:T. INT Apple ][ is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. (CO I 256): POKE 59,T: POKE ZARDAX is a trademark of Computer Solutions, Pty., Australia. S8,CO - T 1r 256: CALL - 327 : RETURN D_ler inqniries invited.

Circle 19 on Reader Service Card

72 Call -A.P.P.l.E. June 1983

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0076 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 I I READER SERVICE CARD I Free Information on the Items circled Card Expires August 31. 1983 16-831

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';1 ')2 ':1 3 94 95 9(, 97 98 99100 101102103 10 410':> 106107 108 109 1 10 I I I 11 1113114 I i ':> 116 I II 118 11 9 120 121 I II In 12 4 12 5 126 127 lIB 129 130 131 132 133 134 13 5 i.l6 137 138 139 140 14 1 141 Jill 144 14 " 146 141 148 149 150 MORE INFORMATION 1')1 152 1')3 1':>4 1:'5 156 IS7 158 159 160 IIlI IA7 163 164 16 5 166 161 168 I (" ! 1/0 III I II III 1/4 I / 'J 1/6 I ii 1/8 179 ISO about the products 181 IHi 183 184 18~ '86 18 7 188 189 1'10 19' I'll 193 194 19) 1'<6 1'17 198 1'19 )00 10l I(il 103 .iC.14 10', }U6 207 208 10'} 2 10 and services in this issue 1. What kind of productlsl are you likely to buy In the next three months7 FREEl A • ~ Hard DISk C. 0 Apple Compatible E. Printer B I : InC/eased Capacity Floppy D isk F Modem Floppy DISk D . [J Computer Just CIrcle the number G l" CRT and fill out the card. 2. More Information on Apple PugetSound Program library Exchange? A . i ! Yes B. D No INote: card expires Name ______three months following month of publication.) Company

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A.RRL.E. ' Comparing Apples & Apples ' Master Type " What In Blaise Is Going On O Ceo I Fretwell O 0 Apple PugetSound Candy Woods Bruce van Norman 2 Spreadsheet Programs O "Where Have All the Jyplsts Gone '8 Pascal Magjc Program Library S(eve Ross 0 Ga'Y Brejdens(ein 0 Joel Buckley & Ron DeGroat 3 Creating An Amper-library Exchange O 11 The Genera' Manager "EdltorBytes Back 811' Parker 0 Doug Pearson 0 The Editor The World's Largest 4 The Ar~;an Approach Fast 6502 Multiplication 20 Bytes From AP.P.LE. Apple Computer User O " Mike Shadlck 0 Damon Slye 0 Val J . Goldmg Group O ' The Arcade Game Called Learning n Nibbling Away at CP/M " Boot Mike Shadick O Murray Arnow 0 CralQ Macintosh An Apple For the Teacher O . 14 Memory Moves J\.1ade Simple 21 Tomorrow's Apples Today Kathryn Hallgrimson Suther 0 Ken Kashmarek 0 Kevin O. Donohoe O 7 Education's An Adventure Game " Northern Spy " Write -APP.LE. Dr. Mark Cross 0 Rick Sutcliffe 0 T{1e Readers Be a part of the over IB,OOO O . Kids and the Apple " I Sing the Apple Electric " A.P.P,L.E.Meetlng Minutes APPLE. members and Kathryn Hallg;lmson Suther 0 WilliamC.D~r 0 DaVId A. lIngwood you'll receive: • 12 ISSUes of Call Name _____ - - - _ _ _ Address ------______Memb. # ______-A.P.P.L.E. magazine. A.P.P.l.E. employees ineligible for prizeS. Void where prohibited by law. The nation's premier Apple computer publication. ------o Please send me an A.P.P.L.E. S25 .00 First time fee First Class mail for call _ • Substantially reduced Apple-cation and information. 20.00 First year dues A.P.P.L.E. add SIS. Otherwise prices on sophisticated S45 .00 Total dues third· class mailed free as part 'of so ftware. hardware, o $45.00 payment enclosed. membership in U.SA. publlciltions. and Additional Airmail postage services. MasterchargelVisa o required for foreign member­ • Access to the A.PPLE. ~ # ______Exp. Date ______ships and shipments. closed user group on the Additional membership postage: "='" # Exp. Date SOURCE. Excellent for • Canada. West Indies. Central information exchange Name ______America. Columbia. Venezuela and program anq'Mexico - Add S15.00 downloading. Address ______~ •• ______IS6p.00 total) • Call -A.P.P.L.E. • All S. American countries lex­ Hotline. CitY ______State' ______cept above), Europe. and N. Africa - Add S21.00 1566.00 ALL THESE BENEFITS Zip Phone total) AND MORE FOR • Asia. Mid East. S Africa. ONLY S451 A.P.P.L.E., 21246 68th Ave. S., Kent, WA 98032 AU $tralia and Pacific Islands - Detach and mail the 1206J 872-2245 Ad~ S2700 IS 72.00 total) Business Reply All orders must be prepaid in U.S. funds only. Application Form. Apple PugetSound Program Library Exchange The WORLD'S largest Apple Computer user group

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0077 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

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Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0078 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

WRITE -A.P.P.L.E.

the readers

Watch Where You POKE It is true that, with the Routine should be removed (or patched over with Machine in memory (occupying $800- NOPs: EA EA EA) before appending the Dear Val, $25FF), an Applesoft program which uses routine using the Routine Machine. This have just added the lower case High-Res Page 1 will crash in RUN. is normally the only change that is re­ patch to AppleWriter I (Call After appending modules to such a pro­ quired, provided that the routine is -A.PPL.E. Sept. '80). Many gram it can be moved from its position at already relocatable. thanks to Sheila Widnall. $2600 back to its usual position at $800 by The requirement that a routine be relo­ I either of the following methods: (1) With eatable is not as great a limitation as I have been searching for a patch to enable the AppleWriter to recognize the the Routine Machine disk in the current might be supposed. For shorter routines, shift key modification. Certainly someone drive, BRUN REMOVE ROUTINE chained branches (or "stepping stones") has done this. Please share it with me and MACHINE. Or (2) SAVE the program can replace ]MPs. In a longer routine the other club members. (advised anyway), either "FP" (this resets (more than a few hundred bytes) this The H. S. Bill Balsam article, Delete the program start to $800), and RUN the method is not feasible. In this case a tech­ TlUlt Incubus, is one that would have saved program. nique can be employed which allows inter­ hours of frustration for me a couple months David raises the questions of what nal ]MPs and ]SRs without impairing the ago. I had a mysterious bug apparently byte is in the accumulator, and where relocatability of the code. Readers in­ appearing at random in a large Applesoft TXTPTR ($B8,B9) is pointing to, when terested in this technique should consult program I was developing. Once every an appended routine receives control. The the Appendix to the documentation pro­ couple weeks a line would turn up gar­ first question is easily answered: The vided with my Amper-Sampler, one of baged. It never seemed to be the same accumulator contains whatever byte the S.D.S. library disks. A slightly more line. The line would be garbaged and go TXTPTR is pointing to. To answer the general version of this technique is given undetected until after it had been shifted second question three cases must be con­ in Apple Assembly Line, December 1982. in memory by program modifications. sidered, depending on the type of Peter Meyer This made it appear that a different loca­ "module" invocation: used: 55 Sutter St. tion was at fault each time. After a few (I) The module invocation has no pa­ Suite 608 months of this, I realized that the "gar­ rameter list, as in & "RESET San Francisco, CA 94104 bage" was a location set to zero. To make BOOT." In this case TXTPTR will REVIEWER SPARKS believes the a long story short, I found a typo error in a be pointing to the byte following the additional information supplied by Peter POKE statement. I was using POKE second quote, which will be either Meyer is quite useful and should be added -16368 to clear the keyboard of a key that an end-of-line token $00 (if the to the documentation, and the points well may have been pushed before entry was module invocation is the last, or only, taken. requested. I had left the minus sign off. statement in the line) or an end-of­ The error was in a section of code that statement colon $3A (if not). lie Escape Editing was seldom executed and caused the gar­ (II) The module invocation has a pa­ baged line in an unrelated section. rameter list whose first character is in 40 Column Mode Thomas De Winter a comma, as in & "SWAP", Al$, B2$. In this case the Interface Rou­ Call -A.P.P.L.E. Rt. 2, Box 55 Information of possible use to the Colona, IL 61241 tine (which acts as an interface be­ tween the Applesoft program and membership on the Apple lIe: Routine Response its appended modules) will have 1) Invoke active 40 mode with 80 col card. gobbled the comma before passing POKE ; set CXOOROM 49159,0 Softswitch @ $C007 Dear Sir, control to the routine, and TXT­ PTR will be pointing to the first As the author of the Routine Machine, IN#3 ; or use PR#3 I was pleased to see a review of it in David byte after the comma (in this exam­ Sparks' "Ampersand Utilities" (March ple the byte would be $41, "A"). Result is steady, non-blinking cursor 1983). I found David's observations on the (III) The module invocation has a pa­ with 40 col. display. All ESC & CTRL Routine Machine to be generally fair and rameter list whose first character is codes work except those to set active accurate, but I would like to clarify a few not a comma, as in & "BAMBOO­ 80 col and set active 40 col modes. points. ZLE"#7. This case is uncommon, 2) Location 31 ($lP) is not available for un- The Routine Machine was designed to but quite possible, and when the restricted use by the programmer. be a general purpose tool for incorporat­ routine receives control TXTPTR Print PEEK (31) returns the horizon­ ing machine language subroutines within will be pointing to the first byte tal location of the cursor at the point an Applesoft program, provided that (1) after the second quote (in this ex­ where the return key is pressed. the routine is relocatable, and (2) it is con­ ample, $23, "#"). This prevents the Applesoft tained in a binary file on an S.D.S. disk. Line Editor A.L.E. (NibblelVol. 31 Routines may have any origin (write them The fact that any initial comma in a No. 5/1982) program from working. yourself, if you like), and are not re­ parameter list is gobbled before the ap­ Location 29 appears to be unused. stricted to those available on the Routine pended routine receives control is impor­ Apple lIe documentation does Machine disk and the S.D.S. library disks. tant to remember if you wish to use a not document this use of $IF. Thus the number and types of routines routine obtained from a non-S.D.S. R. L. Lietzke usable with the Routine Machine is source, such as a magazine article. If such 216 Marsh Drive unlimited. a routine has a ]SR $DEBE (or in hex DeWitt, NY 13214 bytes: 20 BE DE) at its start then this -ej)-

Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 73

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0079 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

TIRED OF PAYING BILLS? Then let your Apple do itl Not just another check-book program, the BILL PAYER™ System turns your Apple into a complete check-writing and record-keeping system for all those bills that you have to pay on a J.1-SCI regular basis. Its powerful features include: • A professional-looking check (check order forms included). • All files & program on one disk. • Fully prompting -- easy to use. • Maintains list of payees -- pays bills OUICKLY! • Has built-in reconciler -- almost balances itself! 259 • Search capability • Checks formatted for window envelopes -- no more BUY THE FIRST AND THE BEST addressing! APPLE COMPATIBLE DRIVE! • Disk is copyable for easy backup. A2 DRIVE WITH CONTROLLER $309 System requirements: Apple II, Applesoft, single disk drive, (FREE SHIPPING IN USA OR CANADA. DOS 3.3, printer. A2 MODELS ONLY.) Send check or money order for S49.95 to: MO (40 TRACK DRIVE WIO CONTROLLER) $284 PLEASURE POINT ENTERPRISES A70 (70 TRACK DRIVE WIO CONTROLLER) $365 5483 PLEASURE POINT LANE - CONTROLLER FOR MO OR A70 DRIVES $ 79 BELLEVUE, WA 98006 AS APPLE III DIRECT REPLACEMENT $299 Washington State residents add 53.95 (7.9%) sales tax. 10382 Stanford Ave.,E·203, Garden Grove, Cal., 92640 DEALER INOUIRES INVITED Phone (714) 534·4216 Apple. Apple II, Applesoft, OOS 3.3 are trademarks of Apple Computer, Check or Money Ord .... - NO CREDIT CARDSI Check'. All"", 10 BANKING DAYS Inc. Diversi-ooS is a trademark of DSR, Inc FOR CLEARANCE. Prices and specifications lubJect to change without notice. Add $7.50 for UPS .unace. Cal. Rei. add 6" Sale. Tax. Circle 28 on Reader Service Card

Circle II on Reader Service Card When it has to be there NOW, the TfLf-PORTfRTI' data transfer program expresses it Apple™ to Apple:

How to work harder, smarter and foster with less effort: turn the • Get sophisticoted CRC error checking (even on messoges) to outomatically telecommunications data transfer work over to TELE-PORTER" and your detect and correct errors caused by noisy phone lines. Apple" computer! • Enjoy the flexibility of unattended, late-night transmissions. No clock card is needed. If you need to send individual DOS 3.3 disk files or even entire 5-inch diskettes (including Apple Pascal. CP/M, DOS 3.3, and • Only one copy of the TELE-PORTER diskette is needed to send data. SOS diskettes) from one Apple computer to ~---L.--",,-­ ,,----...,. Other features include a graphic progress display, support up to another, you need TELE-PORTER! 1-===----" ...... -.---.. 2400 baud, wildcard selection of file names, and diag- No matter what operating nostics for checking connections. You also get system you use, the support for a wide variety of communi­ TELE-PORTER pro­ cation cards, the ability to read the gram provides directory at the other computer a speedy, ver- with 0 "Remote Catalog" command, and on-line help when you need it­ even while sending And there's still data. more! Compare the TELE­ PORTER to any other data transfer program and see how much more you or your business can accomplish for less. satile, money- saving way to send ond receive The TELE-PORTER program Is data using your Apple computer, modem, and phone. You can available for only $79,95 at even send and receive data simultaneously in both directions­ your local computer store, Or ~m:hJ­ an exclusive feature of the TELE-PORTER program that can by moll (please odd $1.25 for save up to 40% of your telephone time! shipping). Visa, Mastercard, COD Start with one menu, select what you want sent and received, and checks welcome. For more Information or to order: from where to where, and let the TELE-PORTER program do the rest of the work automatically - even while you're asleep and the phone rates are low. Now you can get full use out of your modem and your data with this new program from Sensible Software. 4[2] Sensible'M 6619 Perham Dr, • Send individual DOS 3.3 disk files or send the entire disk at once. Only the West Bloomfield, MI48033 sectors actually used on DOS 3.3 disks are sent to save on transmission time. ~Software, Inc. (313) 399-88n • Get automatic data compression to save transmission time and money. Data Requirements: Apple II.'" lie or III (in emulation mode) computer with 48K and one or more is automatically restored after transmission. disk drives. Apple, Apple II, Apple lie, Apple III. Apple Pascal. OOS 3.3, and Apple SOS are registered trademarks • Both parties can "chat" during file transmission. of Apple Computer, Inc.; CPIM is a registered trademark of Digital Research Corporation. 74 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0080 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

WRITE A.P.P.L.E. Booting lie Pascal $D69E. The program also substitutes GPLE Patch Dear Editor, (RET) for RESET in the prompt. Apple did a commendable job of making Listing 1 Dear Editor the new Apple IIe compatible with exist· PROGRAM MODBIOS; In the February '83 issue, Dr. Miller ing software. However, there is a minor wrote about problems with GPLE and the compatibility problem with one major VAR Apple Cat Modem. As I had had the same software system - Apple Pascal 1.1. The BUFFER: PACKED ARRAY problem, the letter was of much interest problem arises when using the two disk (0 .. 31,0 .. 511J OF 0.. 255; to me. After some experimenting, I came boot sequence with a single drive. The F: FILE; up with a solution to the problem Dr. current procedure is to power up with I: INTEGER; Miller described. Following is a hex dump APPLE3: in the drive, switch to APPLEO: of the required code. If you BRUN it be· when the message "Insert boot disk with BEGIN fore installing GPLE, everything works SYSTEM. PASCAL on it, then press RESET(F, "#4:SYSTEM.APPLE"); fine. RESET" appears, and then press RESET I:;;;;; BLOCKREAD (F,BUFFER,32); I hope this is of use to other Apple Cat to complete the boot process. Pressing CLOSE(F); Owners. RESET is the problem. The Apple II, BUFFER(17,105J:;;;;; 40; unlike the 1[+, clears the "language card" BUFFER(17,106J:;;;;; 82; MONCIO memory area whenever RESET is pressed. BUFFER(17,107]:;;;;; 69; CALL ·151 Unfortunately, that is exactly where the BUFFER(17,108J:;;;;; 84; 0300: AO 20 A9 00 99 82 CO A9 code required to complete the boot proc' BUFFER(17,109J:;;;;; 41; 0308: 01 99 81 CO A9 OF 99 83 ess is located. As a result, when RESET BUFFER(17,451J:;;;;; 173; 0310: CO A9 1F 99 80 CO 60 is pressed on the lIe, the boot process BUFFER(17,452J:;;;;; 0; 3DOG starts over from scratch and all you get is BUFFER(17,453J:;;;;; 192; NO FILE SYSTEM. APPLE. BUFFER(17,454J:;;;;; 16; START ADDRESS ;;;;; 768 There is a solution to the problem, but BUFFER[17,455J:;;;;; 251; LENGTH;;;;; 23 it requires a patch to the program BUFFER[17,456]: = 141; SYSTEM.APPLE on the APPLE3: disk. BUFFER[17,457]: = 16; Disposition:REPL Y Listing 1 is a Pascal program which will BUFFER[17,458]:;;;;; 192; accomplish the required patch. It replaces BUFFER[17,459]:;;;;; 173; Enter text: the RESET after switching disks with a BUFFER[17,460]:;;;;; 131; RETURN (or any other key except RE­ BUFFER(17,461]: = 192; Bob French SET). The prompt is changed to "Insert BUFFER[17,462]: = 76; Henderson, NY boot disk with SYSTEM. PASCAL on it, BUFFER[17,463]:;;;;; 158; then press (RET)." Instead of entering an BUFFER(17,464]: = 214; Forth Trace endless loop waiting for RESET, the pro· RESET(F, "#4:SYSTEM.APPLE"); gram checks the keyboard strobe until a Dear Val, I: ;;;;; BLOCKWRITE(F,BUFFER,32); key is pressed, clears the strobe, and Regarding the corrected listing of my CLOSE(F) transfers to the "RESET" location to Stack and Status Trace screen, I appreci' END. complete the boot. ate the difficulty of correctly reproducing To apply the patch on a single drive William G. Wright FORTH listings. You asked about wrap' system, compile the patch program and 4591 Jamboree Street ping line 4 into a definition: That would be place the code file on a disk which con· Oceanside, CA 92056 unnecessary since "CONSTANT" tains SYSTEM.APPLE. Execute the creates the needed definition. The prior patch program which will modify Round Numbers words on the line simply specify the value SYSTEM.APPLE with no visible output. Dear Val, for the constant named "OLDCFA." If the modified SYSTEM.APPLE is not In the December issue of Call There is another error that you could cor­ on APPLE3:, transfer it there. Then -A.PPL.E. on page 39, Michael Thyng rect. In line 22 of the article proper, the power up with APPLE3: in the drive, showed one way to beat the rounding phrase: switch disks when prompted, and press problems that are unavoidable with HEX 'QUIT10 + @ 2 + NFA ID. RETURN. The boot process should then floating point numbering systems. The complete, resulting in the Command Line. following method has served well and has As a precaution, make backup copies of the advantages of speed and simplicity. should have had a space between the tick all disks you are modifying before execut· and "quit" like this: ing the patch program and don't attempt 10 A ;;;;; 1 to patch the original master disks. 20 PRINT A HEX' QUIT 10 + @ 2 + NFA 10. For those interested in how the patch 30 A = A + .01 works, I offer the following explanatiof!. 40 A ;;;;; INT (A • 100 + .5) 1100 Most likely anyone who tried could figure At the code location in SYSTEM.APPLE 90 GOTO 20 out the problem, but printing this correc· (which contains the Pascal BIOS) where tion might help a few folks. the RESET vector is modified and the Line 40 above replaces 40 thru 80 in Guy Grotke computer goes into an endless loop, I Mr. Thyng's article. Replace the "100"s 3515-B Monair Drive substituted code to check the keyboard with the appropriate number for however San Diego, CA 92117 strobe, clear it, and branch to the location many decimal places you desire. (i.e. 1000 to which the RESET was intended to for three places). [i branch. The instructions, added at $F3C3, are: LDA $COOO, BPL $F3C3, Brian D. Silverio STA $COlO, LDA $C083, and JMP 7 Clark Street Danvers, MA 01923

Call -A.P.P.LE. June 1983 75 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange TPage 0081 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 A.P.P.L.E. MEETING MINUTES

Dave Lingwood/secretary

FEBRUARY 15, 1983 We introduced our line of hard­ There followed a Q & A session Seattle University ware products in '82: half of our 38 on club business. Here are the high­ new products were hardware, pro­ lights: We will try to eliminate the old Annual Meeting ducing a major share of our income - policy requiring 24 hour advance call hardware was introduced as a result in for orders to be picked up at the RESIDENT Dick Hubert of the overwhelming support for this office. Also, the library will contain a called the Annual meeting to in our survey of club members. Our copy machine, and our reference col­ order at 7:42PM. There were pricing can, because of our growth lection of magazines from other clubs. P 66 members present. and membership size, approach We should try to link to publishers to dealer cost. get library texts. We're trying to get Old Business: The minutes of the We have four new products: the a 1,200 baud modem for our hard­ 1982 Annual Meeting were read, and Prowriter printer, Vista V1200 6mb ware product line, at a price around approved as published in the April, drive, USI 9" green monitor, and $300. We plan to hire an educational '82 Call -A.P.P.L.E.. THE Spreadsheet, V2.0. The latter projects coordinator soon to tackle supports 70 or 80 column display, up issues such as the computer camp, Election of Officers: Ted Butler, to 512K of RAM, at a cost under $60. accreditation for courses, etc. We Tellers Committee chair, read the The Editorial office is now open in also hope to increase contacts with results of the election. Ballots were West Seattle, adding Ph staff per­ other clubs in the area. tallied by optical card reader. Here is sons. The main office now has 25 The meeting was adjourned at that report: staffers, most full time. We've 8:40PM. Election Results February 15,1983 recently added seven technical sup­ 1531 ballots were counted. port people for product evaluation Q & A: Several members were inter­ 237 envelopes containing ballots and development, including full-time ested in downloading of CP/M files were invalidated, usually because hotline coverage during office hours. from 8" to 5" disks. The Boeing they did not follow instructions. An IBM System 38 computer is Computer Club will offer a system Sample checks of valid member­ on order. This will let us automate that does this. ship numbers showed no discrepan­ member records and order entry, and There was a plug for our involve­ cies. Hand counts of sample batches cut the order turn-around time. This ment in the upcoming Applefest II at were used to check the card reader. is important because order turn the Pacific Science Center. around slipped from two weeks to Is IIe DOS any faster? Well, no: it Ballot tallies were: nearly four by December. Also, is good 01' 3.3. Loading of the lan­ President: Dick Hubert 1394, orders outstripped our ordering pro­ guage card is a bit different, though: None 1, D. Lingwood 1 jections on some hardware items the IIe loads $BOOO-$F800. then Vice President: Bob Huelsdonk (e.g., we ordered 100 fans, and got copies the ROM monitor to RAM. 1391, None 1, V. Golding 1 orders for 500!). Secretary: D. Lingwood 1406, Not to be outdone, Bob Clardy Speaker: Jeff Wollen, Jeff Hack and None 1, D. Hubert 1 gave the following Treasurer's Report: John Smith of Alpha Syntauri demon­ Treasurer: Bob Clardy 1372, Our income for '82 was $2,157,262, strated their music system. It is a None 1, D. Hubert 1 and expenses totaled $1,975,315. keyboard and software that makes Directors (two to be chosen): There was a steady growth in both use of the Mountain Computer music Don Williams 993, Ken Smith figures over the year. Hardware sales boards. Goodies include: creation of 887, M. Develle 846, Others 2 totaled, by December, 213 of our in­ new sounds through additive synthe­ Ted Butler, Tellers Committee come. We are averaging about 600 sis, multi-voice 16 track digital new members per month. record/play/play while recording, New Business: President Hubert The official actions of the Board Music-Master CAl in basic music gave his annual state of the club of Directors on behalf of the club dur­ theory, printout of the score via dot report: ing 1982 were approved. matrix printer. Ten disks come with Membership now stands at over It was also decided to publish in the system. One contains 120 pre-set 15,000 active members. Club offices Call -A.P.P.L.E. a map showing the instrument sounds. There is even a have just moved to the new space in location of the club office, and other built-in metronome. Kent (where our next meeting - an sites at which meetings might be held. -.6- open house - will be held). This gives us a five-fold space increase (20K square feet), and room for class­ room, meeting, and library space.

76 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0082 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

NIBBLE EXPRESS III YOUR APPLE* WILL LOVE IT!

TABLE OF CONTENTS Turtle Graphics ...... 8 Applesoft Line Cruncher ...... 14 TRAC Income System ...... 19 MAMA ...... 25 Amper Free Space Catalog ...... 26 Machine Language Editor ...... 27 Apple CALENDAR ...... 36 Peaceful Coexistence ...... 43 Apple Slugger ...... 43 Reverse Key ...... 45 AmperFind ...... 45 Bond Manager ...... 47 DOS3 + 2 ...... 53 Amper Speed ...... 57 Apple Darts ...... 61 MicroCalc ...... 63 Variable Cruncher ...... 72 Life ...... 77 Apple Flash ...... : : : : : : : : : : : 80 Checker...... 81 GO- Greeting Program ...... 83 Quick Sort ...... 86 Applesoft Line Editor ...... 90 Othello ...... 96 SPRINT...... 99 102 8iis~ Ducm P ...... ~1~B~EoX325 ...... •.... I 103 104 A~p~sRe~g~~ C~~~~·~d·Sy~te·~· ·1~~s~~I:a~~oOr:::~veNIBBLEEXPRESSVOI Illformy I::::::::::: 114 Apple Art Gallery ...... 'ILlbrarYI Heres my ~ Check ~ Money Order for $17 951" ...... Game I/O Expmt ...... plus $1 75 postage handling (Outside US add $275 for ...... •.... 119 Super Keypad ...... postage handling) ...... ••.. 123 125 Disk Commander ...... ILJ Also send me NIBBLE EXPRESS Vol. I at $12.95 Plus I Compare Applesoft ...... postage, handling (see above). : : : : : : : : : : : 132 Amp-L-Soft ...... sendmeNIBBLEEXPRESS. VOL.llat$14.95plus 1 136 . 1:-·postage/handling (see above) ...... Electronic Message Center ...... 152 155 The Sha pe ...... I Master Card & Visa Accepted 1 ...... Disk Map ...... Card # Expires: ...... 159 161 Apple Bowl Football ...... ISignature I ...... Apple Scroller ...... Telephone: ...... 167 168 Please Print Clearly 170 ~~~~e~~; ~~~~~~~ .. ::::::::::::: :I 1 ::::::::::: 178 Disk Doctor ...... 1 Name: I ...... 182 Quasar II ...... Address: ...... 189 DOS Command Entry ...... ·ICity State __ Zip .. --I ...... · MLE Driver...... 189 Your ch.eck or money order must accompany yo. ur ord. er to qualify 1 Outside US: Checks must be drawn on a U.S Bank I . Apple IS a registered trademark of Apple Computer Inc ~'~m;ra_m;;_ ...I

Circle 21 on Reader Service Card

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0083 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 A.P.P.L.E. MEETING MINUTES

MARCH 15, 1983 If you expect me to present a com­ Down from the wall a bit, the A.P.P.L.E. Offices, Kent plete discussion of this line of reason­ Open House was packed by six PM, ing, forget it. It is enough to note that and didn't start to taper off until well Open House and Duck Stampede in the medium future we may look after nine. The staff had transformed back on silicon ICs with the same our soon-to-be library into a sales Secretary's Preface: what can you feeling of quaint arcanery that today area, showing off all the hardware say? 400 people roaming around, we reserve to diode vacuum tubes. and software. A lot of people came to craning their necks up at the lofty Don't, however, look for an organic buy. Guided tours led chunks of the heights of the new offices, a grain computer plug in for your Apple, throng through the staff office areas, field of waving arms holding money though. For one thing, while the con­ past the already full Lisa demo, and and discounted products in the jury­ cepts for organic computer chips are back out to the classroom. rigged retail area, Jonathan Post prov­ there, nobody's figured out how to The latter is impressive: it will ing to be his own best organic compu­ hook up IIO! hold over 200 when the two dividing ter as inaugural speaker, Lisa. A com­ walls are pulled back. With them putational zoo with punch and cookies. The Open House: shut the space becomes three class The minutes below thus threaten to Fun time, ladies and gents. Step rooms, each with space for machines. become as hectic as the hours of the right up ... OUCH, that was my foot! The "public" classroom, library and open house itself. So, let me get the Lord, is this place big, and that's sales spaces are in one area, making official report out of the way. (literally) only the half of it - the it easy to run events and classes President Dick Hubert called the hanger (er .. ) warehouse is closed for without messing up the office staff meeting into minimal semblance of the night; just the front half, though, work area. order at 7:33PM. There were 200 has over 10K square feet. Remember In the back there is about 10K members and guests packed into the when we moved into the couple of square feet of warehouse. Most of us meeting room, and at least 200 others rooms of the first office, and won­ never really sawall of that stuff wandering about elsewhere. dered if we'd ever fill it up? No, that's before - it was scattered around in not the restroom line-up; those are miniwarehouses. All together it is a Old Business: None. folks waiting to get in for the Lisa jolting reminder of just how produc­ demo. Everyone walking in with a tive a clan we are. There are stacks New Business: Bob Clardy gave his potted plant to donate to fill up the of our publications of all stripes, Treasurer's Report: As a result of the "moat" around the conference room pallets of hardware and software, etc. move and its expenses, February - the technological equivalent of Steve Johnson's technical staff showed $163K income, and $300K Burnham Wood (we do want to get finally have work space. Even in a expenses. the joker who brought the potted new building, though, it is amazing Dick Hubert noted that our phones dandelion). Office staff becoming how hardware obeys Parkinson's law got very messed up during the move, multi-phrenic, trying to be every­ (and usually Murphy's) by filling all but that all lines are now working. Our where at once (and pulling it off). available space. The staff are testing "Store" will soon be open on a regular Random impressions of a boggling hardware, repairing equipment, eval­ basis - watch Call -A.P.P.L.E. for event. We sometimes think that uating software, writing documenta­ an announcement. much of the industry looks at user's tion, and (one) camping on the hotline The meeting was adjourned at groups with eyes that developed ob­ during the day. A lot of this didn't 7:35PM - a new modem record, and servational cataracts in 1979 - back really show at the Open House, nor tribute to the other enticements of then we were hackers and tinkerers. did the people-fullness of the place the evening. The micro world has changed, and so during business hours, when our 20 + have we grown with it. The Open staff members are cranking out Speaker: Jonathan Post sees no House testified to this growth: the orders, answering the phones, and reason computers ought to be made course sign-up sheets on the wall generally trying to keep their heads from unfeeling silicon - why not give showed strong interest in spread­ above water. organic molecules equal time? Silicon sheets and applications instruction, An amazing facility. Dick and the and copper limit the size and com­ for example. There are two ways to planners did a good job. You really plexity of computers. If you work at go - one toward a "business" of run­ ought to stop by if you missed this the organic molecular level, all this ning the club, the other toward even event, and let your imagination run goes away, and you find yourself wider member participation. I hope wild in helping us figure out all the working with concepts such as pro­ these new facilities will provide the valuable things we can do in this tein monolayers and the beaming of large, fertile hothouse in which the space. We need you. metal paths on them. participation will flourish. With all the possibilities the space opens up, Heaven knows we'll need all the member participation we can get.

78 Call -A.P.P.L.E. June 1983 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0084 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 CONSULTANTS AD INDEX

John A. Hall, Jr ...... Apple lie (Eastern U.S.) ...... (617) 241-9050 AP.P.L.E...... I, 62 Cecil Frewell ...... Apple lie (MidWestern U.S.) ...... (319) 236-0961 Action-Research ...... • . • ...... • . • . • ...... 72 Bob Huelsdonk .... .• ...... Apple III (Western U.S.) ...... (206) 362-4910 Anthro Digital. . . . • ...... • . . • . • ...... 33 Harry T. Hanson ...... Apple III (Eastern U.S.) ...... (201) 467-0712 Apogee, Inc ...... •...... 59 Carmen Picardi ...... Apple III (Eastern U.S.) ...... (603) 895-4447 Avant Garde Creations ...... 4 Stuart Yusem ...... Apple III (Eastern U.S.) ...... (609) 822-9306 B&D Electronics ...... •....•.... • ...... 40 Tim Smith ...... Apple III (Midwestern U.S.) ...... (389) 734-7451 Beagle Brothers ...... 22 Neil Clemmons ...... Agriculture ...... •...... (314) 968-9618 Bytes & Pieces ...... 21 Counterpoint Software ... . . • ...... 5 Erv Edge ...... Assembly (Alaska) ...... (907) 337-7620 Deci1lionix ...... 60 Dennis Baumgarte ...... Assembly (Eastern U.S.) ...... (914) 473-3210 Gourmet Software...... • . • . . . . • ...... 56 Don Williams ...... • ...... Assembly (Western U.S.) ...... (206) 242-6807 Interactive Microware ...... • ...... 66 Michael Thyng ...... Business ...... (206) 524-2744 Laing Electronics ...... • . • ..... 64, 74 Murray Arnow ...... CPMIEngineering Applications ...... (312) 291-9210 Lawson Labs, Inc ...... • . • .•.... • . • ...... " 25 Steven E. Blair ...... • ...... Data Bases ...... (913) 782-5901 Leading Edge '" ...... BC, IFC Jerry Rogan ...... Data Bases, Business ...... (319) 332-4166 UK ...... IBC William P. Steinberg ...... DOS (Eastern U.S.) ...... • ...... (212) 921-0663 Megellan Computer...... 52 Micro Analyst ...... • . • ...... • . • ...... 36 Art Schumer ...... DOS (Northern U.S.) ...... (701) 282-7907 MicroPro International ...... , ...... 30 Lee Meador ...... DOS (Southern U.S.) ...... (817) 469-6019 Micro Max ...... , ...... 64 Kurt Thams ...... DOS/Gen'I(Western U.S.) ...... (415) 327-2116 Muo Co ..... , ...... • . • .•••...... 35 WM. Reynolds III ...... DOSITech (Western U.S.) ...... (503) 472-4028 Nibble ..•...... ••... 77 Ted Perry ...... Education ...... (916) 485-1690 OHM/Electronics ...... 62 Cornelis Bongers .... .• ...... • ...... European Consultant ...... 010-525511 Ext. 3275 Omega Microware ...... • ...... 29 Alan Robinson ...... Fortran ...... (503) 757-8234 Orange Micro...... 14, IS Jim Eatherly ...... Games ...... (202) 232-6046 Orbital Systems Inc...... • ...... 42 Pleasure Fbint Enterprises...... 74 Tedd Sperling ...... Geoscience ...... (517) 393-1296 Professional Data Systems ...... , • . .. 6 Stan Axelrod ...... Hardware Design/l-O Control ...... (415) 563-1840 Sensible Software, Inc...... 74 Tom Deal, MD ...... Handicapped Applications ...... (206) 634-2847 Softkey Publishing ...... •...•...... • 27 Randy Halvorson ...... • ...... Hardware Interfacing ...... (206) 783-9040 Sof/Sys, Inc...... 40, 60 Ed So ...... Hi-Res ...... (408) 267-3448 Softraders ...... 40 Stowe Keller ...... Mathematics ...... • ...... (804) 973-764 7 Southwestern Data Systems ...... 34, 64 Fred Merchant, M.D...... Medical Group ...... (415) 921-7792 Star Logic Inc...... • ...... 42 Stephen F. Lee ...... Music ...... (704) 289-4102 Stellation Two...... 56 Tom Woteki ...... Pascal (Eastern U.S.) ...... • ...... (202) 547-0984 Tackaberry Software ...... 44 Tava Corp ...... •...... 16 Tim Smith ...... Pascal (Midwestern U.S:) ...... (389) 734-7451 Telephone Software Connection .....•...... 29 Paul E. Sleeper ...... Pascal (Western U.S.) ...... (415) 494-1915 T-I-M-E-C -Q-R ...... B Bruce E. Sargent ...... Pascal (Western U.s.) ...... (206) 488-1161 Tinker Tron ...... •. • ...... 44 Dennis R. Cohen ...... Pascal (Western U.S.) ...... (213) 956-8559 Transtar ...... •.•...•... • ...... 38, 67 Randy Warrens ...... Pilot Language ...... (608) 837-9566 United Computer ...... •...•.•...... 13 Hersch Pilloff ...... •...... Stock Market ...... (301) 292-3100 Vista Computer Co...... • ...... 70 Jim Hockenhull ...... Video Interfacing ...... (509) 334-4137 George L Hefter ...... VisiCalc (East) ...... (617) 256-8148 Jerry Brieger ...... VisiCalc (West) ...... (206) 881-1241 Vince Aderente ...... VisiCalc (North) ...... (312) 289-9685 Dr. Bob Richard ...... VisiCalc (South) ...... (504) 466-0894 Brian Abrahams ...... VisiCalc (South Africa) ...... (Durban) 315442 MIChael Ginsberg ...... Word Processing ...... (80S) 688-1465

FOREIGN MEMBERS: Please calculate postage based on _Ights In product descriptions. ORDER FORM (See postage table below for costl Membership # Expiration date Date FOREIGN SHIPPING CHART I Name Address W.lndies S. America Asia,'" Mid CANADA State/ C. America lexcept in East. S.AfTl· POSTAL SHIPPING City Country lip Phone TABLE Columbia Table IJ Eur- ca, Australia Venezuela ope, N. Afr. Pacific Is. RATES ·FOREIGN PRODUCT Unit Price SHIPPING WT. AMOUNT Up to: Ooz loz 5O.SO 50.60 50.70 I 20 I 2 .76 .96 1.16 20z 37 2 3 1.02 1.32 1.62 30z 54 3 1.28 1.68 2.08 40z 71 2 4 1.54 2.14 2.74 50z 88 6 8 1.80 2.60 3.40 60z 1.05 8 10 2.06 3.06 4.06 70z 122 10 12 2.32 3.53 4.72 80z 1.39 12 14 2.58 3.98 5.38 90z 156 4 14 16 2.84 4.44 6.04 100z 173 16 18 3.10 4.90 6.70 lIoz 190 18 20 3.36 5.36 7.36 120z 2.07 20 22 3.62 5.82 8.02 lib 258 22 24 3.88 6.28 8.68 21bs 3.10 24 26 4./4 6.74 9.34 31bs 4.10 Mail to: VISA' Subtotal 26 28 4.40 7.20 10.00 4 Ibs 5.10 A.P.P.L.E. Account No. 28 30 4.66 7.66 10.66 51bs 6.10 30 32 4.92 8./2 11.32 61bs 7.10 21246 68th Ave. S. - Exp. Date ---- **Washington 71bs 8.10 21bs 2.5 5.96 9.96 1l.96 Kent. WA 98032 sales tax 2.5 3.0 7.00 11.80 16.60 81bs 9.10 1206/872-2245 91bs 10.10 (~! 3.0 3.5 8.04 /3.64 19.24 '-, ___ >( ___ ,j Account No. 3.5 4.0 9.08 15.48 21.88 10 Ibs 1110 EH For weights over TOTAL EId"I additional '12 pound 10 Ibs. add SLOO Exp. Date AMOUNT over 4 pounds add: ---- per pound "Foreign Members Only 1.04 1.84 2.64 ""Washington state resIdents add 7.9% sales tax. Sorry. no foreign hardware orders. Call -A.P.P.LE. June 1983 79 • Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0085 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983 UNCLASSIFIEDS - A.P.P .L.E ORDERS

call-A.P.P.L.E. ,un,Classlfleds POSITION WANTED - Upper-East Tennessee " Apple Addict" CARCADEI A fast action arcade shooting game With fresh raeas WIshes to re-Iocate [0 a more urban area. Would prefer Members Non-commercial rate .OS/word you will enjoy Why pay thirty [0 forty dollars tOf a game Southern California, but will consider others. Five + years Members commercial rate .2S/word from a large company? CARCADE IS Just as playable and Apple J [. plus, and Apple 1/1 involvement including: J [ good and IS really 11 games in one. Each one IS different and All others: I .OO/word, S2S minimum Apple's Level One service Training; sales. set-up and service challenging and fun. Play the first ten ro score points tor [he Send ad copy with payment to editorial office. experience; consulting for M edical. M ental Health & Phar­ final fast action game. Or practice anyone game separately. macy; etc. Fluent in Applesoft and Integer Basic. serviceable Unclassified copy must be received by the first CARCADE is not protected' Pitch in With your fnends and With 6502 Assembly, and Marginal with Pascal. Have sold make copies for all. Jt IS wfltten in the best language for fast day of the month preceding the date of Issue. four programs. two general business and two fOl pharma­ action arcade games: assembly, There are 8 skill levels and I cies. and have written a billinglreporting program for to 4 can play. Take a chance on CARCADE. You won't be "MUZAC " franchisees. I am considering positions such as APPLE J [+ COMPUTER With 48K RAM. J 2" Qreen Zenith sorryl Send S9,95 check or money-order (0: Steve Wallo::h, Computer StOl'e Manager. Staff Programmer. Consultant to monilor, recently overhauled disc drrve With control card, ref­ 22315 6th Ave. So. *'106. Des Moines. WA 98188. Requires School Systems. Hospital/Medical Institutions. or similar. For erence manuals. S L4OOIoffer Mike Hamann (619) 481-0770 an Apple computer. 48K. and paddles. Resume or OTher Information conract: MIChael A. Carpick Jr. . Jnpatlent Program Coordinator. Chemical Dependency INVESTORS AND HOMEOWNERS. Let Apple fIgure mortgages. MICROMOVER transfers files from one Apple to anQ(her Apple depreciaTion. and compound ,merest. Mortgages-amount Treatment Program, 26 Midway Street. Bristol. Tenn. 37620. 16/51968.670719 am ~ 5 pm). 1615) 968·145516 pm· 8am). over a phone line. Files may be transferred Without fJrst berng on principal. Interest and end balance by month and by year Available within 30 days of acceptance. RESPONSIBLE IN­ converted to text fjles. Data compression alg::>rithm cuts Depreciation-Real and personal property-Pre-1981 and OUIRIES ONLY. PLEASE transfer time. Disk-to-dlsk transfer of one. some or all files on a ACRS FinanCial (omputatlons-loan payment present disk With minimum operator Intervention. Works With OOS value. Internal Rare of Return. FMRR. NPV. note discounting. 3.2 or 3.3 and Hayes M1cromodem 11. acoustic modems and yield on a wrap around. FOI Apple J r and III. Complete STOLEN APPLE J r PLUS SYSTEM. Please be on the iookout for an other modem types. Only one copy of rhe pi"ogram need be manual sun Programs and manual 539.95. PRATT SOFT­ AppJe J r Plus ISIN 5 19969). two RANA Elite 1 D rsk Drives wI purchaSed as it transfers a copy of Itself to the distant end. If WARE. 822 N, Sheppard PI , KenneWIck, WA 99336, /5(9) controller (SI N EIE 4018 and EIE 4020). BMC MOdel BM21 2A 783·5653 CRT 12" Monitor (SIN 62408273). MicroJine Model 82A required. An excellent manual is Included Cost IS S50.00 BO-column Printer, as well as Microsoft Z80 card. Vista ViSion from DAB Systems. 91/6 Rockefeller Lane. Spi"lngfield. VA 8o-Column Card. and Saturn 128K RAM Card The system is 22 15 3 OUME 0 ·45. 0·30. ANO OEM 0lA8LO HYTYPE OWNERS­ stolen government property. taken over the weekend of Intelface your letter quality pnnter (Q your Apple with PRINT­ 9-10 April 1983 in Bremerton, Washingron. Anyone With in­ (col/lil/ued 01/ paf(e 55) CARD from Nordgren Intelfaces. This powelful interface formation. please contact Doug Stil1man (206) 396-4426. features graphics, incremental spaCIng. and bidirectional priming. It will easily operate from any Apple language and any word processor or utility program that w ill support the Diablo 1640 primer, For more Information, please wnte to PRODUCTS NOW AVAILABLE TO A .P.P.L.E. MEMBERS Nordgren Interfaces, Box 173. Gillette. NJ 07933. Call ·A.P.P .L,E, Specials A ,P,P,L.E. HARDWARE CORVUS 20 MEGABYTE Hard DISC Drive With Apple Compatible PSPK 2, 3 PEEKing Special' S20.OO HAPC ApController 58500 Omnlnet 110 stations! MUltiplexer Sofrvvare. Panasonlc VHS PPK4 PPK5 Annual Special ' S25.oo HAKK Ap Coolklt 52000 Back up with Mirror, Total system assembled. tested and working. S 10,000 16041 68S{)729 PSID In Depth MagaZine SpeCial 525.00' HAPD Ap DRIVE 524000 SSlN In Depth DlSkene SpeCial S40.OO' HAPD, HAPC Ap DRIVE with Coni roller 5325.00 COMPUTER CLUB MANAGEMENT: Firm organiZing national HAKK Summer Cooling SpeCIal 517.50' HLC 1 Ap L Case 1 S30.OO student computer club program In elememary and secon­ HLC2 Ap L Case 2 (Lower case chip) S2500 dary schools. seeks director. Would help establish clubs. sup­ ply teachers With organIzalional matenals. and provide A .P.P.L,E, LIBRARY HDBA D isk Banks S 4.50 follow-up With newsletter. VIS itS, and related activities. Expefl­ PA0 1 "Apple Orchard" No I ence as editor. publicist or manager In computer-related (magazinel 5 2 50 AP. Jewelry activity deSired, Also seeking club admlnlsrr ator to assist direc­ PAUG Apple Users GUide 513.00 tor In general administration and customer service. Experi­ HPIN Lapel pin S 3.00 PASL ence with direct mail deslfed. Competitive salary and benefits Assembly lines: The Book 5 17.00 with both poSItions. Contact Computer Club Project NCS. PBAD "Beneath the Apple DOS" 517.00 A.P.P.L,E. PRESTIGE Game Diskettes 217 Jackson Street P.O. 80x 948. Lowell, MA 01853 PCP 1 "Best of CIder Press" (SF. N ewslener Annual! Vol. I S 4.50 SCCO Cosmic Combat 512.50 PAYPAC ·J08 COST PAYROLL MANAGEMENT PACKAGE. Max~ Call -AP.P.LE Annuals SMCU Mummy's Curse 51 2.50 imize profits through [he accurate tracking and contrOlling of PPK 1 197B 5 7.50 your company's labOr costs. Prepare your entire company's PPK2 1979 Apple Prestige Product LinE payrOll. tax depoSits. and reports. qUickly. easily. and inex­ SIO.oo pensively, Track up to I(XX) Jobs, 300 operations. 225 PPK3 1980 S 15.00 SAPF APfile - Tex1 file utility 518.50 employees. 5 departments. 8 dIVISions. S350.00/AP.P.LE PPK4 1981 S 18.50 SFLR ApGraphlcs: The Filler S 17.00 members S300.00. Sky Sofr\..vare. l03 lexinton Ave .. Passaic PPK5 1982 S18.50 NJ 07055120 11 779.3399. SAM3 Apmall J [VerSion 3,0 S30.oo Call ~A . PP.L.E. In Depth SCAR Applesoh Carpenter S 18.50 PID1 ON OR ABOUT SUNDAY. February 6. J 983 an Apple J r Plus 1. All About Applesoh 5 7.00 SAPT Aptest S 18.50 P1D2 Computer System was taken from our office af 118 E. River­ 2: All About Pascal 511.00 SMLC Big Mac Macro~Assembler!Ted 528.50 side Drive, Austin. Texas. We would like to ask for your PID3 3: All About DOS S 1350 SGPL Global Program Une EdllOr assistance In searching for this machine, The equipment 538.50 PKID taken conSisted of the foJlowlng: Kids and the Apple S 16.00 SHFI Higher Fonts 1 51300 1) One Apple J r plus 48K with an Apple language card. PVIS, NI2 Power of V ISICalc Vol I or 2, . ea S 8.50 SHTP Higher Tex1 Plus 527.50 an Apple Super Senal card. a Vldex "Video Term" 80 PU65 USIng 6502 Assembly Language S I 7.00 SPGE Program Global EdllOr S 18.50 column card With soft Video sWlfch and a Kensington PWTA Woz Talks (VHS V ideo cassette! S27.50 "System Saver" fan, Apple seflal number 5 13379. SPLE Program LIne Editor 520.00 2) Two Apple Disk 11 dnves WIth controller. Apple .serial SS70 Soh Seventy 520.00 numbers 798088 and 377867. AS IS SOFTWARE SSYM Symbol Symon S20.oo 3) One Apple Silentype printer With controller. Apple serial SPDS STSS number 6320 I PubliC domain diskenes ea. 5 4.00 THE Spreadsheet VerSion 20 S6000 (Send 37~ S.A.s.E. for list of titles! 4) One Apple III Monitor, Apple senal number 120722 STSS THE Spreadsheet I _ 2 Converter ...... 5 5.00 5) One Epson MX·80 printer with NO controller. Serial SSEA Eamon Adventure Diskettes . ea. S 4.00 number 334783. SWW3 WordWeaver /1/ S75 .oo The Apple. the Sllentype. and the MX-8O all had State of A ,P.P.L,E. DISKPAKS , Expires June 30. 1983 Texas property tags affixed If the rags were removed. there should be some damage to the finish. If the equipment SAI,SA2.3, Call -APPLE. Anthology , Expires Aug. 31. 1983 comes (Q your attention. please norlfy one of the fOllOWing 4, 5,6. 7, 8, Vo1s 1-98 incl. ea S 12.50 , S7.50 With Ap L Case I 9A,9B Bill Nash · 118 E. Riverside Dr .. Austin. Texa s 78704 /512) 5 1000 with Ap L Case 2 445-8325. John Davis -118 E. Riverside Dr .. Austin. Texas SDIC DICE 82' S12.50 78704 1512) 445-8334. John Ribble - 118 E, Riverside Dr .. SD6B Diskettes supplied on DOS 3.3 except as noted, Austin. Texas 78704 (5 12) 445·8370. Any assistance you Dlli:fr5~ Yl~~k utility! 518.50 can provide us in locating the equipment will be appreciated SD7 Diskpak 7 S 17.50 NOTICE TO FOREIGN MEMBERS: SIN I In Deptll I Dlskene 5 16.50 WANT TO WRITE ON THE BACK of your disks? Use our A.P.P.L.E . Hardware products not SlN2 In Depth 2 D iskette Set self-aligning Notch-opunch to add a Wflte--protect notch 520.00 available to overseas or foreign members. Send check for 5895 IPpd .. U.S.A) Geisler Enterprises. SlN3 In Depth 3 Diskene Set 515.00 20333 Old Town Rd ., Star Rte. 112 . Tehachapt CA 93561 SPA I Pascal Anthology '81 512.50 Washington state residents add 7.9% state sales tax. 10$-460 WANTED Contact Call -A.P.P.l.E Editorial office (206) 932-8288, 5606 Calif, Ave. SW. Seattle, WA 98136 ORDER FORM ON REVERSE

80 Call -APP.l.E. June 1983 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0086 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

The typewriter was a wonder in its with Letter Perfect. and more. time. Letter Perfecf"is a wonder for Much more. today. Letter Perfect from LJK When it comes to practical lets you use your computer to software for Ataris and Apples, write letters and create reports Letter Perfect is simple to and edit your work. Change learn. And hard to beat. Ask a word. Move a line. your dealer for a demon­ Combine two paragraphs. stration, or write LJK You can do it all for more information.

LJK, INC. • 7852 Big Bend Blvd .. st. Louis. MO 63119 • (314) 962-1855

Circle 15 o n Reader ServICE" Card Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0087 of 0088 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • June 1983

BUY A BANANAM. SAVE A BUNCH. Meet the Banana;Mthe very business reports, etc.) tractor tough, versatile, portable, and feed (for precise alignment and reliable dot-matrix printer from M quick loading), parallel or serial Gorilla: interface (take your pick), self­ At $249.95 retail it's an ideal inking ribbon cassette (for long and inexpensive companion for life and easy installation), 10 personal computers like Apple® portable pounds in weight, and (or Apple"look alikes" such as compatibility with so many of the Franklin®or Albert®), TI; most popular personal computers Commodore~ TRS-SO; Kaypro; on the market. Timex; Osborne; etc. Plus its printhead features a After that, it's merely com­ unique single-hammer design that parable to other printers that can eliminates a lot of moving parts, to cost up to three times as much: eliminate a lot of annoying repairs. 10" carriages (to handle standard That's the Banana: silly name, 911/' paper), SO columns, graphics serious service. It's everything capability, 10 characters per inch the expensive dot-matrix printers (expandable to 5 cpi) draft-quality are ... print (for perfectly acceptable Except expensive. form letters, data processing,

Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0088 of 0088