Chapter 7

Rise of new religious

A choose the correct añswer and fill in the blanks :-

1. 600 BCE 2. 108 3. 23 4. Perfect knowledge 5. Observe

B Fill in the blanks;-

1 under a peepal tree at Bodhgaya

2

C State whether true or false if false correct the statement

1. True 2. True 3. True

D Answer the following questions in 10 to 20 words

1. What does the word Upanishad literally translate to?

Ans:- The word Upanishad is derived from the terms ,( near) no ( down ) and shad (to sit) meaning thereby sitting down near.

2. How many Tirthankar among the jainas were there ?

Ans:-- There were 24 among the jainas .

3. How many sects was divided into ?

Ans:- Jainism was divided into two sects and svetambaras

4. What was Buddha’s first sermon called and where was it held ? Ans:- Buddha preached his first sermon in . His sermon was called the turning of the wheel of law or dharmachakrapravartana.

E. Answer the following question in 50 to 70 words 1. what are upanishads ? what do they teach? Ans:- The Upanishad are wisdom teachings that explore the deeper internal meaning of sacrifice. The deal with ritual observance and the individuals place in the universe and in doing so full develop the fundamental concept of the supreme over soul( God )known as Brahman and that of the atman the individual higher self, whose goal in life is union with Brahman. 2. state three causes for the rise of new religious sects in the sixth century BCE. Ans:- The factors were rigid castes religion ruling new coinage and language barrier. The primary cause for the rise of Jainism and was the religious unrest in India in the 6th century BC. The complex rituals and sacrifice advocated in the later Vedic period were not acceptable to the common people. 4. Which language was used to preach Buddhism and Jainism? Ans:-The early jainas used to preach in ,the language of common people. The adoption of prakrit by the general help the growth of this language and its literature Buddha taught in the language of the ordinary people, Pali so that everybody could understand his message. 4 explain the four stages of the life of a man. Ans:- The four stages of the life of a man are :- Brahmacharya-a stage when a person obtains knowledge by studying the Vedas grihastha – a stage when an individual gets married and starts his or her household life Vanaprastha - In this stage an individual lives in forest and meditates Sanyas - A stage of renouncing the world and living the life of an ascetic F .Answer the following questions in 80 to 100 words 1. Discuss briefly the teachings of Buddha. Ans:-The teachings of Buddha were practical and simple which took note of the realities of the day. The doctrine of Karma good or bad action was essential to the . Buddha believe that our actions karma whether good or bad influences in this life and all the next ones. The Buddha taught in the language of the ordinary people, pali so that everybody could understand his message. 2. Throw some light on the contemporaries of and Buddha. Ans:- King Bin, 558 to 491 BC and his son ajatsatru 492 to 460 BC were contemporary of Buddha and Mahavira . They belong to the Haryana ka dynasty and were known for their cultural achievements and support to Buddhism. Buddhism was founded upon teachings of Gautam Buddha and Mahavira teachings gave birth to Jainism. Both religious share similar features but emphasizes on these features is different between both. 3. Draw up a list of similarities between Buddhism and Jainism on which grounds did the to differ? Ans:- Similarities i. Both believed in faith and kàrma. ii. Both had common background of culture iii. Both founded by Khatriyas of North India. iv. Both were against Vedas and Vedic culture as well as against brahminism v. Both priest ahimsa brahmachary and detachment from material comforts. Differences – i. Buddha stayed away from discussions on God while Mahavira denied the existence of god altogether. ii. Jainism lead undue stress on non violence while Buddhism avoided extremes. iii. Buddhism did not reach his followers to give up the use of clothes unlike Jainism. iv. Buddhism spread beyond India while Jainism remained confined to certain area in India itself v. Buddhism attack the world system while Jainism was not that vocal in its protest