Thinking Outside the Box
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CTBUH Journal
About the Council The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, based at the Illinois Institute of Technology in CTBUH Journal Chicago and with a China offi ce at Tongji International Journal on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat University in Shanghai, is an international not-for-profi t organization supported by architecture, engineering, planning, development, and construction professionals. Founded in 1969, the Council’s mission is to disseminate multi- Tall buildings: design, construction, and operation | 2014 Issue IV disciplinary information on tall buildings and sustainable urban environments, to maximize the international interaction of professionals involved Case Study: One Central Park, Sydney in creating the built environment, and to make the latest knowledge available to professionals in High-Rise Housing: The Singapore Experience a useful form. The Emergence of Asian Supertalls The CTBUH disseminates its fi ndings, and facilitates business exchange, through: the Achieving Six Stars in Sydney publication of books, monographs, proceedings, and reports; the organization of world congresses, Ethical Implications of international, regional, and specialty conferences The Skyscraper Race and workshops; the maintaining of an extensive website and tall building databases of built, under Tall Buildings in Numbers: construction, and proposed buildings; the Unfi nished Projects distribution of a monthly international tall building e-newsletter; the maintaining of an Talking Tall: Ben van Berkel international resource center; the bestowing of annual awards for design and construction excellence and individual lifetime achievement; the management of special task forces/working groups; the hosting of technical forums; and the publication of the CTBUH Journal, a professional journal containing refereed papers written by researchers, scholars, and practicing professionals. -
The “International” Skyscraper: Observations 2. Journal Paper
ctbuh.org/papers Title: The “International” Skyscraper: Observations Author: Georges Binder, Managing Director, Buildings & Data SA Subject: Urban Design Keywords: Density Mixed-Use Urban Design Verticality Publication Date: 2008 Original Publication: CTBUH Journal, 2008 Issue I Paper Type: 1. Book chapter/Part chapter 2. Journal paper 3. Conference proceeding 4. Unpublished conference paper 5. Magazine article 6. Unpublished © Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat / Georges Binder The “International” Skyscraper: Observations While using tall buildings data, the following paper aims to show trends and shifts relating to building use and new locations accommodating high-rise buildings. After decades of the American office building being dominate, in the last twelve years we have observed a gradual but major shift from office use to residential and mixed-use for Tall Buildings, and from North America to Asia. The turn of the millennium has also seen major changes in the use of buildings in cities having the longest experience with Tall Buildings. Chicago is witnessing a series of office buildings being transformed into residential or mixed-use buildings, a phenomenon also occurring on a large scale in New York. In midtown Manhattan of New York City we note the transformation of major hotels into residential projects. The transformation of landmark projects in midtown New York City is making an impact, but it is not at all comparable to the number of new projects being built in Asia. When conceiving new projects, we should perhaps bear in mind that, in due time, these will also experience major shifts in uses and we should plan for this in advance. -
Structural Developments in Tall Buildings: Current Trends and Future Prospects
© 2007 University of Sydney. All rights reserved. Architectural Science Review www.arch.usyd.edu.au/asr Volume 50.3, pp 205-223 Invited Review Paper Structural Developments in Tall Buildings: Current Trends and Future Prospects Mir M. Ali† and Kyoung Sun Moon Structures Division, School of Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA †Corresponding Author: Tel: + 1 217 333 1330; Fax: +1 217 244 2900; E-mail: [email protected] Received 8 May; accepted 13 June 2007 Abstract: Tall building developments have been rapidly increasing worldwide. This paper reviews the evolution of tall building’s structural systems and the technological driving force behind tall building developments. For the primary structural systems, a new classification – interior structures and exterior structures – is presented. While most representative structural systems for tall buildings are discussed, the emphasis in this review paper is on current trends such as outrigger systems and diagrid structures. Auxiliary damping systems controlling building motion are also discussed. Further, contemporary “out-of-the-box” architectural design trends, such as aerodynamic and twisted forms, which directly or indirectly affect the structural performance of tall buildings, are reviewed. Finally, the future of structural developments in tall buildings is envisioned briefly. Keywords: Aerodynamics, Building forms, Damping systems, Diagrid structures, Exterior structures, Interior structures, Outrigger systems, Structural performance, Structural systems, Tall buildings Introduction Tall buildings emerged in the late nineteenth century in revolution – the steel skeletal structure – as well as consequent the United States of America. They constituted a so-called glass curtain wall systems, which occurred in Chicago, has led to “American Building Type,” meaning that most important tall the present state-of-the-art skyscraper. -
Structural Design Challenges of Shanghai Tower
Structural Design Challenges of Shanghai Tower Author: Yi Zhu Affiliation: American Society of Social Engineers Street Address: 398 Han Kou Road, Hang Sheng Building City: Shanghai State/County: Zip/Postal Code: 200001 Country: People’s Republic of China Email Address: [email protected] Fax: 1.917.661.7801 Telephone: 011.86.21.6057.0902 Website: http://www.thorntontomasetti.com Author: Dennis Poon Affiliation: Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Street Address: 51 Madison Avenue City: New York State/County: NY Zip/Postal Code: 10010 Country: United States of America Email Address: [email protected] Fax: 1.917.661.7801 Telephone: 1.917.661.7800 Website: http://www.thorntontomasetti.com Author: Emmanuel E. Velivasakis Affiliation: American Society of Civil Engineers Street Address: 51 Madison Avenue City: New York State/County: NY Zip/Postal Code: 10010 Country: Unites States of America Email Address: [email protected] Fax: +1.917.661.7801 Telephone: +1.917.661.8072 Website: http://www.thorntontomasetti.com Author: Steve Zuo Affiliation: American Institute of Steel Construction; Structural Engineers Association of New York; American Society of Civil Engineers Street Address: 51 Madison Avenue City: New York State/County: NY Zip/Postal Code: 10010 Country: United States of America Email Address: [email protected] Fax: 1.917.661.7801 Telephone: 1.917.661.7800 Website: http://www.thorntontomasetti.com/ Author: Paul Fu Affiliation: Street Address: 51 Madison Avenue City: New York State/County: NY Zip/Postal Code: 10010 Country: United States of America Email Address: [email protected] Fax: 1.917.661.7801 Telephone: 1.917.661.7800 Website: http://www.thorntontomasetti.com/ Author Bios Yi Zhu, Senior Principal of Thornton Tomasetti, has extensive experience internationally in the structural analysis, design and review of a variety of building types, including high-rise buildings and mixed-use complexes, in both steel and concrete. -
Kuala Lumpur Office
Asian Cities Report – 2H 2019 REPORT Savills Research Kuala Lumpur Offi ce Kuala Lumpur Offi ce Strong interest in quality offi ce space is being led by the expansion of fl exible space operators NEW SUPPLY GRAPH 1: Greater KL Offi ce Stock, 2010 to 1H/2019 Stock of offi ce space in Greater KL, the single largest offi ce market in ASEAN, stands at approximately 126 million sq ft, with the completion of four new offi ce buildings KL City The Rest of Greater KL Greater KL contributing 1.08 million sq ft in 1H/2019. 140 125.3 126.4 The fi rst offi ce tower within the Tun Razak Exchange, namely Menara Prudential, 120.4 115.4 was completed this year and serves as the headquarters for Prudential Assurance 120 111.5 105.4 Malaysia Bhd. The KYM Tower in Mutiara Damansara and Symphony Square in 102.2 97.9 Petaling Jaya were also completed in early 2019. With the exception of the EkoCheras 100 91.5 86.7 Offi ce Suites, the other three new buildings are single-owned en-bloc buildings, built with quality features and modern specifi cations. 80 By the end of 2019, the stock of offi ce space is expected to expand by 3.8 million sq 60 ft, touching approximately 130 million sq ft – with the completion of Southeast Asia’s tallest building, The Exchange 106, which will replace the Petronas Twin Towers as MILLION SQ FT 40 the tallest building in the country. This landmark offi ce tower, located within the Tun Razak Exchange (TRX), stands at 492m tall, off ering 2.4 million sq ft of column- 20 free offi ce space with spacious fl oor plates ranging from 22,000 to 34,000 sq ft. -
Malaysia Property Market Trend Analysis (Commercial)
Property Market Trend Analysis Commercial Savills Malaysia May 2019 GREATER KL Retail Market Overview Retail Supply in Greater KL . Well-supplied market, Cumulative Retail Supply in Greater KL with 64 mil sq ft of KL City KL Suburbs Outer KL Greater KL shopping mall & Future Supply: hypermarket in the +21 mil sf region. 90.00 85 . Basically, both the office 84 78 and retail markets are 80.00 bracing for an additional 69 70.00 20 million sft of supply 64 62 by 2022 (each), but for 61 60.00 57 retail, the current supply 54 base is half that of office; 48 49 50.00 46 hence, the % growth will 42 be twice as high. 39 40 40.00 38 . Of the total retail supply in Greater KL: - Retail Sapce (mil sf) 30.00 Selangor: 57% 20.00 KL Suburb: 25% KL City: 18% 10.00 0.00 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019e 2020e 2021e 2022e Source: Savills Research 3 Future Retail Supply in Greater KL Future Supply in the Greater KL . Strong competition in the coming years with at Selangor KL Suburbs KL City least 20 mil sq ft retail . Empire City Mall space in the pipeline. 10.00 . Pavilion Bukit Jalil . KSL City Mall 9.00 . The Exchange Mall 8.00 . Mitsui Shopping Park Lalaport . Pavilion Damansara Heights 7.00 . IOI City Mall 2 6.00 6.20 5.00 Tropicana Gardens Mall 1.10 4.00 . Mall @ 1.94 Redevelopment of Plaza Rakyat Retail Space(million ft) sq 3.00 3.08 2.00 1.80 2.63 1.00 0.32 1.02 1.25 0.50 0.00 2019e 2020e 2021e 2022e Source: Savills Research 4 Average Retail Occupancy Rate Retail Occupancy Rate of Greater KL . -
Teacher Background
Teacher Background Inquiry Description In many parts of the world today, notably in Asia, societies are rapidly transforming. A major part of this transformation is urbanization, the flocking of people from the countryside to cities. A sign of this transformation is the construction of tall buildings. Since the Lincoln Cathedral surpassed the Pyramids of Egypt in 1300 CE, all of the tallest buildings in the world were in Europe and North America. Then, in 1998, the Petronas Towers opened in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Today the five tallest buildings are in Asia (One World Trade Center in New York City is #6) These areas are being transformed because of their integration into the world economic system that itself was the result of the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century in Western societies and the subsequent growth and expansion of those western societies. Interestingly, tall buildings, known as skyscrapers, were a sign of urbanization and industrial growth in Europe and North America at that time. This unit explores the connections between industrialization, urbanization, and skyscrapers, and how it was that skyscrapers were able to be built when and how they were. Key areas of attention will be building materials and related technologies that allowed for taller structures. Teachers are encouraged to use the following notes as they prepare for this unit, and additional secondary resources are listed at the end of this document. Historical Background Agriculture and Monumental Architecture In the long arc of human history, there are two interesting phenomena that might seem separate, but in hindsight are closely related. On the one hand, people have continually intensified their food production, leading to the ability to sustain larger populations on the same amount of land with fewer direct food producers. -
Economics Planning of Super Tall Buildings in Asia Pacific Cities
Economics Planning of Super Tall Buildings in Asia Pacific Cities Dr Paul H K HO, Hong Kong SAR, China Key words: economics planning, super tall building, Asia Pacific SUMMARY The purpose of this paper is to study the economics planning of super tall office buildings in Asia Pacific cities. This study is based on the case study of the Asia Pacific’s 10 tallest buildings which are distributed over six major cities. All are landmark buildings with similar functions. From the analysis of the collected data, the floor plate of these buildings is comparatively large, thus achieving a fairly high lettable to gross floor ratio of about 80% and low wall to floor area ratio of about 0.33. The most common lease span is approximately 12m with column-free between its service core and exterior window. The most common floor-to-floor height is about 4.0m. Square or similar plan is the most common geometry in super tall buildings since this geometry offers the same stiffness in both directions against lateral wind forces. Typically the building is in form of a large podium at lower levels with a setback in the overall floor plan dimension in the main tower and a slightly tapered shape at its top floors. The central core approach in which the core is designed as a structural element to provide stability is commonly used in super tall buildings. By using slip-form or jump-form techniques, a 3 to 4-day cycle is achievable for core wall construction which is similar to steel construction. -
Literature Review
From a Capital City to a World City: Vision 2020, Multimedia Super Corridor and Kuala Lumpur A thesis presented to the faculty of the Center for International Studies of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Jen Yih Yap August 2004 This thesis entitled From A Capital City to A World City: Vision 2020, Multimedia Super Corridor and Kuala Lumpur BY JEN YIH YAP has been approved for the Program of Southeast Asian Studies and the Center for International Studies by __________________________________________________ Yeong-Hyun Kim Assistant Professor of Geography __________________________________________________ Josep Rota Associate Provost, Center for International Studies YAP, JEN YIH. M. A. August 2004. Southeast Asian Studies From A Capital City to A World City: Vision 2020, Multimedia Super Corridor and Kuala Lumpur (121pp.) Advisor of Thesis: Yeong-Hyun Kim In 1991, the former Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad introduced an initiative called Vision 2020, designed to bring Malaysia to a developed country status, and this initiative will eventually support Kuala Lumpur’s position to become a world city. This thesis examines the recent urban restructuring of Kuala Lumpur in terms of the Malaysian government’s current aspiration for world city status. Many capital cities in the developing world have been undergoing various world city projects that aim at, among other things, improving their international visibility, advancing urban infrastructures and promoting economic competitiveness in a global world economy. This thesis focuses on four large-scale constructions in the Multimedia Super Corridor, namely, the Kuala Lumpur City Center, Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Putrajaya and Cyberjaya. -
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
IN THE NAME OF UTOPIA, THE CASE STUDY OF PUTRAJAYA, MALAYSIA’S PLANNED ADMINISTRATIVE CAPITAL By LEVU ‘VINCENT’ TRAN A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2010 1 © 2010 by Levu ‘Vincent’ Tran 2 To my wife Van-Anh; and to my sons, Dzuy and Khoi 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This master thesis is the result of over five years of work whereby I have been accompanied and supported by many people. It is a pleasant aspect that I have now the opportunity to express my gratitude for all of them who gave me the possibility to complete this research. My deepest thanks go to the Chair of my committee Dr. Joseli Macedo. Over the past five years, she provided me help, stimulating suggestions and encouragement in conducting research and the final writing of this thesis. At the same time, I would like to express my appreciation to the other members of my committee who monitored my work and took effort in reading and providing me with valuable comments. My special thanks go to Dr. Paul Zwick for his constant support and assistance. I also want to express my gratitude to all faculties and staffs of the Urban and Regional Planning department for mentoring me and assisting me during my time in the University of Florida. I would like to thank Mr. Roland Lau, my great Malaysian friend, who is always on my side whenever I am in his beloved country. -
Ingredients of High-Rise Design Ta I P E I 1 0 1 ® the World’S Tallest Building by Leonard M
INGREDIENTS OF HIGH-RISE DESIGN Ta i p e i 1 0 1 ® the World’s Tallest Building By Leonard M. Joseph, Dennis Poon and Shaw-song Shieh Taipei 101 and the Thornton-Tomasetti Group, Inc. were presented an Outstanding Project Award (New Buildings over $30 Million) in the NCSEA 2005 Excellence in Structural Engineering awardsCopyright program. Recipe for a structural challenge: lion square feet accommodates a take one basic office tower, ‘super retail podium and five levels of size’ to world’s-tallest proportions, basement parking. carve into a unique shape, fan (in The unusual tower shape had typhoons) and shake well (in earth- its own logic. Architect C.Y. Lee quakes)… Serves thousands (of ten- of C.Y. Lee & Partners, Taipei, ants and visitors)... This is Taipei Taiwan drew on local culture, in- 101 in Taiwan, Republic of China. cluding the regularly-spaced joints With a height of 1667 feet (508 in tall, slender indigenous bam- m) in 101 stories, it is currently the boo, the tiers of pagodas and the world’s tallest building. It also fea- popularity of ‘lucky’ number 8, a Figure 2: Elevations along interior tures difficult foundation conditions, homonym for ‘wealth’ in Chinese. gridlines show the braced core and unusual building shapes, demanding Thus the upper portion of Taipei eleven sets of outrigger trusses one, lateral stiffness requirements, mixed 101 has eight modules, each with two and three stories tall. structural materials, wind/building eight stories. Each module flares interaction,magazine occupant comfort crite- wider at its top, like an opening flower, before the narrow base of the ria, seismic demands, special ductility next module starts, forming a setback. -
Key Engine of Growth for the New Kuala Lumpur
journey to Kuala Lumpur International hub for Malaysia. Many corporates Airport, enhancing international con- will move in there and it will create a nectivity for its occupiers and tourists. triangle of finance, tourist and shop- In addition, TRX City is collaborating ping, together with Bukit Bintang. with Kuala Lumpur City Hall to upgrade “Overall, I foresee the tenant mix the roads around TRX, including the at the shops in Imbi changing once widening of Jalan Tun Razak, under TRX is more developed. In the next five the traffic dispersal project. Apart years, a new landscape will come.” from improving traffic flow in the TRX welcomed its first office — the city centre, this will also allow traffic 27-storey Menara Prudential — in July last direct access into the district, by- year, and The Exchange 106 is expecting passing the congestion in the city. its first phase of tenants imminently. The TRX and City Hall are also work- Azmar: As a government-backed economic enabler, new HSBC headquarters, an estimated ing together to uplift the street scape we are able to do things beyond what is typical RM1 billion investment, is targeted to be along Jalan Gading, Jalan Utara and completed this year, along with its neigh- Jalan Barat, which will provide a pe- This includes the 10-acre public park bour, Affin Bank’s new headquarters. destrian link from TRX to Bukit Bintang that sits atop the lifestyle precinct, The Menara Prudential is developed by that will further be connected to an Exchange TRX, and more than four IJM Bhd, while the Exchange 106, the on-site MRT interchange.