Les Poèmes De L'annam... / Publié Et Traduit Pour La

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Les Poèmes De L'annam... / Publié Et Traduit Pour La PUBLICATIONS DE L'ÉCOLE DES LANGUES (MENTALES VIVANTES IP SÉRIE.— VOLUME XIV £ m m m # KIM VÂN KIEU TÂN TRUYÊN POÈME POPULAIRE ANNAMITE. Từ kho sách xưa của Quán Ven Đường INTRODUCTION. Le titre du poème annamite dont je publie au- jourd'hui la traduction et qui est l'oeuvre de Nguyên Lu, Hûu tam tri du Ministère des Rites sous le règne de Gia long, signifie littéralement enfrançais : «Nouvelle histoire de Kim, deVân et de Kiën». L'auteur y a réuni les noms des personnages lesplus marquants de son oeuvre, qui est d'ailleurs connue en Cochinchine sous la dénominationplus simple de «Poème de Tuy Kiêu». Il l'a tirée, en y introdui- sant des modifications considérables,d'un roman chi- nois queplusieurs lettrés de l'Annam croient ami)- été composépar l'un des Tài tu. Je ne saurais dire si cette opinion est fondée, car le seul exemplaire que je connaisse de ce livre ne portepas de nom d'auteur. Il présente .d'ailleurs cetteparticularité remarquable qu'il est écrit d'un bout à l'autre en wên tchcing II INTRODUCTION. sans aucun mélange de kouân ho à; ce qui est extrê- mement rare dans ce genre de compositions'. Une jeune fille appartenant à une famille plus honorable que fortunée va faire, à l'occasion de la «Fête des tombeaux-», une excursion dans la, cam- pagne en compagnie de sa soeur et de sonfrère. Elle rencontre la tombe déserte d'une comédienne autre- fois célèbre par sa vie licencieuse, et déplore l'aban- don, ou se trouve cette sépulture. Les détails que lui donne son frère sur la vie et la mort de i&am tien la touchent au point de luifaire verser des larmes. Elle offre un sacrifice sur le tombeau de la chanteuse, 1 Au moment où j'allais renvoyer à l'imprimeur la première épreuve de cette introduction et le lendemain même, du jour où, dans un mémoire quej'a- vais l'honneur de lire devant l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres, je, disais n'avoirpu découvrir à quel roman danois on pouvait rattacher l'oeuvre, poétique de Nguyên Du, je reçus de M. le Professeur Truong Minh Ky qui, l'ayant découvert à Saigon, avait l'obligeance de me l'envoyer aussitôt, ce roman que j'avais si longtemps cherché en vain. Il est intitulé &> ag jg}| ggfc ; ce qui signifie, à une légère nuance près, la même chose que le titre du, poème lui-même. Malheureusement, comme je viens de le dire, cet exemplaire qui provient d'une édition tout récemment imprimée a Ha nôi ne porte pas de nom d'auteur. On trouve pour tous renseignements sur la couverture que cette édition, revue et gravée à nouveaupar un lettré nommé ïïjSj -^p- 3&2 Phuâc -fisî Blnh Le, a été publiée sous le règne de mim Tu Duc dans le pjremier mois d'automne de l'année Y^j Hp, c'est-à-dire en 1876. Ce roman chinois parvient à ma connaissance au moment où le premier tome de ma traduction du poème de Tûy Kicu est presque entièrement com- posé et prêt à paraître. Cette circonstance explique la présence dans ce volume d.'un certain nombre de notes destinées à faire ressortir l'origine chinoise du poème, origine sur laquelle l'existence du <£& at 3W| ^fc.lèverait toute es- pèce de doute, s'il eut été possible d'en concevoir. INTRODUCTION. III et prie l'ombre de cette dernière de lui apparaître. La morte lui ayant aussitôt manifesté sa 'présence par des signes non équivoques, cefaitproduit sur l'esprit de Tûy Kiëu une impression desplusprofondes. De retour dans sa demeure, elle voit pendant son som- meil Dam tien venir à elle et lui annoncer les mal- heurs qui vont Vaccabler en expiation desfautes com- mises par elle dans une vie antérieure. Cependantiinjeune lettré, compagnon d'études du frère de notre héroïne, était verni à passer au moment oh elle se disposait à quitter le tombeau, après le sa- crifice offert. Frappé de sa beauté, il était devenu subitement épris d'elle. Sous l'empire de sa nouvelle passion, Kim Trong (c'est son nom) retourne à l'endroit où il a vu la jeune fille dans l'espoir de l'y rencontrer encore. Son espérance ayant été déçue, il se rend an lieu oh demeure celle qui s'est rendue maîtresse de son coeur, et trouve le moyen de louer une maison dans le voisinage. Après deuxmois d'attenteinfructueusenotre amou- reuxfinit par apercevoir Vobjet de sa flamme dans le jardin de la maison qu'elle habite. Il se lutte de se montrer dans l'espoir d'entrer en relation avec elle. Tûy Kiëu, effrayée, rentre précipitamment; mais elle oublie son épingle de tète dont Kim Trong s'empare aussitôt. Le lendemain lajeunefille s'aper- IV INTRODUCTION. çoitque cet objet manque à sa toilette et retourne clans le jardinpour l'y cherclter. Elle s'entend appelerpar Kim Trong, qui lui déclare son amour et lui rend son épingle accompagnée de quelquesprésents. Quelques jours après, Tûy Kiëu, profitant de ce que tous les siens ont quitté la maison pour se rendre à une fête de famille, se glisse chez le jeune lettré. Les deux amants se livrent à une douce causerie, font des vers et de la musique, et se jurent une éter- nelle fidélité. Cependant la passion de Kim Trong le tend CL devenir coupable. La jeune fille ramène à des sentimentsplus nobles et, le jour étant venu, elle retourne clans sa demeure. La famille revient, et le malheur semble arriver avec elle. Des satellites du tribunal surviennent inopinément et arrêtent le père pour une dette insignifiante contractée envers un mar- chand de soieries. On confisque tout, cm met la mai- son sous scellés, et Kiëu, n'écoutant plus que son amour filial, se vend, pour racheter son père, à un misérable. Ce dernier n'est que l'instrument d'une vieille femme nommée Tu h à qui, sous le couvert d'un mariage simulé, entraîne la jeune fille dans un mauvais lieu. Gomme elle résiste ènergiquement aux suggestions de la mégère, et tente même de s'ôter la vie pour y échapper, Tu bà, pour l'amener ci ses fins, use d'un stratagème ahominable. Elle lui clé- INTRODUCTION. V . pêche un vaurien nommé Sa Khanh qui se montre à elle sous les apparences d'un lettré distingué. La malheureusejeune fille voit en lui un libérateur; elle se confie au misérable et s'enfuit avec lui. La vieille Tu h à la poursuit, l'atteint et l'enferme dans sa maison de prostitution ou, aidée de So Khanh, elle l'amène à force de mauvais traitements à exercer le métier immonde dont elle tire bénéfice. Parmi les nombreuxjeunes gens qu'attire la répu- tation de beautéde Tûy Kiêu se trouve unjeune lettré nommé Thûc sanh. Il rachète la victime de Tû bà, l'emmène et vit avec elle. Survient le père du lettré qui, n'ayantpu faire renoncer son fils à une liaison indigne de lui, traîne la jeune fille devant le tribunal du préfet. Ce magistrat la fait d'abord accabler de coups; mais, voyant Thûc sanh se désespérer, il est touché des pleurs du jeune homme, l'interroge, et apprend de lui que la personne qu'il traite ainsi est une jeune fille de grand talent. On met Kiêu à Tépreuve, et le magistrat, entièrement subjugué, in- vite lui-même le vieilla/rd à consentir à l'union des deux amants. Cependant Thûc sanh, sur les conseils de Tûy Kiêu, retourne provisoirement près de sa femme légitime; mais il ne lui dit rien de sa nouvelle union. Iloan thon'enapprendpas moins l'aventure. Tram- VI INTKODUCTION. portée dejalousie, elle envoie deux scélérats mettre le feu à la maison de sa rivale, etfait enlever cette der- nière qu'elle réduit à la condition d'esclave. Accablée de mauvais traitements, abreuvée d'humiliations, Kiêu désarme sa persécutrice par sa résignation et la dignité de son attitude, et Ho an tha lui permet de se retirer dans une pagode pour y passer le reste de sesjours dans lapénitence. Cependant Thûc sanh l'y rejoint; mais il est surprispar Iloan thapendant qu'il causait intimement avec la jeune femme. Cette dernière, à qui une servante a appris qu'elle avait été épiée, est saisie de terreur et se réfugie dans unepa- gode éloignée, ou elle se conciliefacilement les bonnes grâces de la supérieure Gide duyên. Malheureuse- ment cette dernière, ayant reçu les confidences de notre héroïne, craint d'encourir la colère de Iloan tha. Mie confie Tûy Kiêu à une vieillefemme nom- mée Bac hà qui, sous le couvert d'une grandepiété, cache les moeurs les plus infûmes. Cette dernière con- fie Kiêu à son neveu qui l'emmène dans la ville de Châu thai et la vend au, propriétaire d'une maison de prostitution. La malheureuse, enfouie pour la secondefois dans cette fange, reçoit chez elle un chef de rebelles nommé Tu hâi. Il la délivre et l'épouse comme l'avaitfait une première fois le lettré Thûc sanh. Après une séparation volontaire de six mois, t^Éki INTRODUCTION. VII le guerrier revient victorieux des troupes de l'Em- pereur qu'il afait trembler sur son trône. Tûy Kiêu reçoit de grands honneurs des généraux et de l'ar- mée. Mieprofite de sapuissance actuellepour récom- penser généreusement tous ceux qui l'ont secourue dans Vinfortune et faire mourir ses anciens persé- cuteurs au milieu de tortures époumntahles. Elle voudrait retenir auprès d'elle Gide duyên qu'elle a invitée à venir assister à cette scène de justice distri- butive; mais cette dernière, qui n'est autre qu'une immortelle déguisée, la quitte en lui prédisant qu'elles se reverront dans cinq ans au fleuve Tien dubng.
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