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Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 51029-001 May 2020 People’s Republic of China: Hubei Xiangyang Integrated Sustainable Transportation and Logistics Planning and Strategic Study Prepared by: David Lupton & Associates Ltd. For the Asian Development Bank and Xiangyang Municipal Transport Bureau This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. TA-9547 PRC: Hubei Xiangyang Comprehensive Transportation and Logistics Planning and Strategic Study- 01 (51029-001) TRANSPORT PLAN FINAL REPORT May 2020 Prepared for: the Asian Development Bank and Xiangyang Municipal Transport Bureau by: David Lupton & Associates Ltd. TA-9547 PRC: Hubei Xiangyang Comprehensive Transportation and Logistics Planning and Strategic Study- 01 (51029-001) CURRENCY EQUIVALENT (as of 12 May 2020) Currency unit: USD USD1=7.09 CNY WEIGHTS AND MEASURES km2 – square kilometer m3 cubic meter mu: 15 mu=1 hectare NOTE In this Report, “$” refers to US Dollars (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government and its agencies ends on 31 December. FY before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2018 ends on 31 December 2018. Consultants Quality Assurance Protocol Prepared By James P. Rizer/Consultant Team Leader Auditor/Reviewer Place Xiangyang Date May 2020 Approved By David Lupton, Principal Note on Study Title At the 17 January 2019 meeting between the client the XMTB, ADB and the consultant, the client requested that the title for the Project be changed to “Hubei Xiangyang Comprehensive Transportation and Logistics Planning and Strategic Study” in order to reflect the new Han River Economic Development Plan TA-9547 PRC: Hubei Xiangyang Comprehensive Transportation and Logistics Planning and Strategic Study- 01 (51029-001) ABBREVIATIONS AAGR Average Annual Growth Rate ADB Asian Development Bank ART Autonomous-Rail Rapid Transit BRT Bus Rapid Transit CNY Chinese New Yuan, or yuan CRC China Railways Corporation DLA David Lupton and Associates DRC Development and Reform Commission FTZ Free Trade Zone GDP Gross Domestic Product HS High Speed (railway) IA Implementing Agency IWT Inland Waterway Transport km kilometer LSP Logistics Service Provider NDRC National Development and Reform Commission O:D Origin: Destination PKM Passenger-kilometers PRC Peoples’ Republic of China PBN Plane-based Navigation RORO Roll-on/Roll-off TA Technical Assistance TOR Terms of Reference TKM Ton-kilometers XMG Xiangyang Municipal government or Xiangyang Prefecture XMTB Xiangyang Municipal Transport Bureau XY Xiangyang yr year Transport Plan (2020) Page ii of 154 TA-9547 PRC: Hubei Xiangyang Comprehensive Transportation and Logistics Planning and Strategic Study- 01 (51029-001) CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 4 A. This Report 4 B. Aims and Objectives 4 C. Hubei Province 5 D. Xiangyang 7 E. Han River Development 10 II. TRANSPORT ISSUES 13 A. National and Regional Trends 13 B. Transport in Xiangyang 18 III. ROAD TRANSPORT 22 A. The Highway Network 22 1. Current Network 22 2. Expressways under Construction 22 3. Proposed Further Development 23 4. Need for Planning Data 23 B. Urban Roads 24 1. Current Situation and Developments 24 2. The Implications of Doing Nothing 25 3. Preferred Road Pricing Approach 27 C. Road Freight 29 D. Pedestrians and Parking 32 1. Issues Facing Pedestrians 32 2. Parking Pricing 33 E. Two-Wheeled Travel 33 IV. RAIL, INLAND WATERWAY AND INTERMODAL 35 A. Railways 35 1. National and Regional Rail 35 2. Urban Rail 42 3. Light Rail and Subway 42 B. Waterways and Ports 42 C. Logistics 45 V. URBAN AND REGIONAL PASSENGER TRANSPORT 48 A. Introduction 48 B. Urban Bus Services 49 Transport Plan (2020) Page 1 of 154 TA-9547 PRC: Hubei Xiangyang Comprehensive Transportation and Logistics Planning and Strategic Study- 01 (51029-001) 1. Current Services 50 2. Bus Company Funding Arrangements 54 3. Harmonizing Service Levels with Funding Levels 56 4. Xiangyang Government Organisational Arrangements for Urban and Regional Public Transport 57 5. Need for Government to Act as Transport Co-Ordinator 60 6. Traffic Management (Improved Driver Behavior) 60 7. Proposed Demonstration Areas 61 C. Long Distance and Regional Bus Services 65 1. Regional Passenger Services 65 2. Policy Position 66 3. Current Operations 66 4. Current and Future Viability 67 5. Government Response and Mitigation Options 68 6. Proposed Form of Market Intervention 68 7. Social Equity and Government Expenditure Outcomes 70 D. Connector Service Strategy 70 1. Connector Passenger Transport Services 71 2. Proposed Short to Medium Term Connector Strategy 73 3. Key Nodes Served 73 4. Overview of Short to Medium Term Connector Corridors 74 5. Urban Rail Connector Services (Route CS 1) 75 6. Outer Ring Connector Services (Route CS 2) 78 7. Inner Ring Connector Services (Route CS 3) 79 8. Airport Connector Services (Routes CS 4 and CS 5) 79 E. Proposed Connector Modes 80 1. Mode for Urban Rail Services (Route CS 1) 80 2. Mode for the Outer Ring (Route CS 2) and the Inner Ring (Route CS 3) services 80 3. Mode for the Airport Connector Services (Routes CS 4 and CS 5) 84 4. Connector Service Priority Treatments 84 F. Bus Terminals and Transit Centre 85 1. Issue and Discussion 85 2. Possible Solution 86 3. A Transit-Oriented Development Complex 88 VI. THE TRANSPORT PLAN 89 A. Purpose 89 1. Thoughts 89 B. Actions and Activities 90 1. General/Overall 92 2. Roads 92 3. Urban 93 4. Railways 94 5. Ports 94 6. Aviation 95 7. Logistics 96 C. Summary: Transport Improvement Projects 97 D. Possible Projects for International Funding Institutions (IFI) 98 1. G 207 Bypass, (2020 funding). 98 Transport Plan (2020) Page 2 of 154 TA-9547 PRC: Hubei Xiangyang Comprehensive Transportation and Logistics Planning and Strategic Study- 01 (51029-001) 2. The Xiangyang - Yichang Expressway, 98 3. Develop Proposed Tang Bai Port. 98 4. Urban Rail Service 101 APPENDIX A: DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK 102 APPENDIX B: ROAD SAFETY PLANNING 104 A. Traffic Accidents Overview 104 1 Introduction 104 2 Global Trends 104 3 China’s Successes 104 B. Road Safety Auditing from Planning to Operations 111 i. Introduction 111 ii. The Role of Auditing 112 iii. Road Safety Audits Objectives: Safer Roads 115 iv. Road Safety Audits: Developing the Tool 116 C. Traffic Safety Measures for Pedestrians and Non-Motorized Vehicles 117 v. Introduction 117 vi. Road Safety Audits 117 D. Traffic Safety Measures for Vehicles 120 vii. Introduction 120 viii. Road Safety Audit For Vehicles 120 E. Traffic Safety: Conclusions 125 APPENDIX C MODELING AND DATABASE DEVELOPMENT 126 A Introduction 126 B Brief Summary of Phone User Data 127 C Model for Xiangyang Prefecture 129 D Model for Xiangyang and Hubei Province 140 E Modeling for interchanges 144 APPENDIX D: XIANGYANG -YICHANG EXPRESSWAY PROJECT ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Transport Plan (2020) Page 3 of 154 TA-9547 PRC: Hubei Xiangyang Comprehensive Transportation and Logistics Planning and Strategic Study- 01 (51029-001) I. INTRODUCTION A. This Report 1. This report for TA-9547 PRC: Hubei Xiangyang Integrated Sustainable Transportation and Logistics Planning and Strategic Study - 01 (51029-001) has been prepared for the Asian Development Bank (ADB), by David Lupton & Associates Ltd, New Zealand (DLA). 2. The purpose of the Technical Assistance (TA) is to develop recommendations for the Xiangyang Municipality Transport Bureau (XMTB) with respect to the resources, systems and institutions needed to develop and manage the Xiangyang Municipal Government (XMG) transport network so that it serves the needs of the Prefecture. The process will draw upon existing planning documents and the experiences of the XMTB and other stakeholders in order to support the XMG’s preparation and implementation of strategic and sustainable transport and logistics plans. 3. The TA outcome will be the promotion of sustainable and integrated transport and logistics systems that can be implemented, monitored and revised as necessary in order to provide modern, green, efficient and livable areas within the Prefecture. Moreover, the XMG systems will be incorporated within the broader Hubei provincial and Chinese national policies, plans and networks. 4. This is the final report for the Transport Plan componient of the TA. It presents findings and recommendations on the development of a sustainable transport plan for Xiangyang. Separate reports have been produced in respect of the Logistics Improvement Plan and the capacity strengthening requirements. B. Aims and Objectives 5. The terms of reference (TOR) for the TA imply that there is a need for the transport and logistics plans to provide additional transport capacity within Xiangyang by supplementing road improvements with public transport services for passengers and rail and waterway services for freight. There is an assumption that encouraging a switch from road transport using private vehicles will improve the transport system and environmental sustainability. Conserving resources is not the only objective. The objective is to also improve the quality of life, particularly for the transport-poor (the aged, women and children, people with disabilities). With this in mind, the policies and programs developed under the TA should maximize support to the inclusive economic development of the transport system, including infrastructure and environmental improvements. 6. With urban areas likely to drive economic growth through both rural and regional development,
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