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A Checklist of Marine Larval Trematodes (Digenea) in Molluscs from Argentina, Southwestern Atlantic Coast

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A Checklist of Marine Larval Trematodes (Digenea) in Molluscs from Argentina, Southwestern Atlantic Coast 11 4 1706 the journal of biodiversity data 5 August 2015 Check List LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 11(4): 1706, 5 August 2015 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.4.1706 ISSN 1809-127X © 2015 Check List and Authors A checklist of marine larval trematodes (Digenea) in molluscs from Argentina, Southwestern Atlantic coast Estefanía Bagnato, Carmen Gilardoni, Gisele Di Giorgio and Florencia Cremonte* Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro Nacional Patagónico (CONICET), Bvd. Brown 2915, U9120ACF Puerto Madryn, Argentina * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: A checklist of cercariae parasitizing marine Argentine Biogeographic Province extends from 36° to molluscs from Patagonian coast, Argentina, based on 43°S and the Magellanic Biogeographic Province extends literature sources and new records here presented. In to- from 43° to 56°S (Miloslavich et al. 2011). The estimated tal, cercariae of 31 species of marine digeneans, includ- mollusc species number is about 200 in the Argentine ing 11 new records here presented, are known to infect province and about 720 species in the Magellanic 20 species of molluscs (14 in nine gastropods species; 17 province (Bigatti and Penchaszadeh 2008). The great in 11 bivalve species). These records include two species diversity of molluscs is given by the physiographic and of Aporocotylidae, four Bucephalidae, one Fellodistomi- climatic features of the Magellanic province, which is dae, five Gymnophallidae, one Hemiuroidea, four Lepo- highly homogeneous and it has a lot of endemic taxa creadiidae, two Microphallidae, five Monorchiidae, one (Balech and Erlich 2008). Argentina’s coast has mostly Notocotylidae, one Philophthalmidae, two Renicolidae, sandy beaches and some rocky formations. These rocky one Schistosomatidae and two Zoogonidae. For each di- shores are dominated by two mussel species and by a genean species, their hosts, habitat type, localities, in- diverse macroalgal community with an obvious tidal fection site, prevalence, life cycle advances, and access zonation. numbers in helminthological collections and GenBank, Molluscs generally act as first intermediate hosts of when available, are detailed. Regarding the life cycles, digenean life cycles (Rohde 2005; Cremonte 2011) and eight were completely elucidated and four were partially their larval stages develop in the gonad and the digestive elucidated. Moreover, there are molecular data for 15 spe- gland of them. The taxonomic identification of larval cies. The data here presented constitutes an advance in digenean is an important step towards the elucidation the parasites biodiversity knowledge and their life cycles. of their life cycles and the posterior use as a predictive tool in ecological studies (Nolan and Cribb 2005). Key words: parasites, bivalves, gastropods, diversity, Lothar Szidat was largely responsible for inaugu- cercariae, larvae, digenean rating the study of marine helminthes in Argentina (Lunaschi et al. 2007). He recorded two bucephalid cerc- ariae parasitizing the mussel Brachidontes rodrigezi INTRODUCTION (d’Orbigny) (Szidat 1963). Many freshwater cercariae The Patagonian Shelf extends for about 5,649 km (e.g., Ostrowski de Núñez 1974; Suriano and Martorelli along the Atlantic coast of South America from northern 1983; Etchegoin et al. 1996; Martorelli and Etchegoin Uruguay (33°51ʹ S, 053°11ʹ W) to the southern tip of 1996; Martorelli et al., 2013) were recorded; however the Argentina, bordering with Chile (54°55ʹ S, 064°52ʹ W). knowledge about marine cercariae is scarce. Five iso- Its continental shelf is generally up to 100 m in depth, is lated records were published by Ageitos de Castellanos the largest and one of the most productive ecosystems (1961), Morris (1984), Martorelli (1991) and Szidat (1963, in the Southern Hemisphere (Miloslavich et al. 2011). In 1965). Since 2009 to date several advances in studies of the Patagonian Shelf, two major marine currents coexist, cercariae from marine gastropods were done in Argen- the cold Malvinas and the warm Brazil currents. The tina by our research group. Despite the importance of Malvinas current originates in the Antarctic circumpolar digeneans in coastal marine areas, the data are scattered current and carries a high nutrient load north along in literature and only 18 species of larval digenean in the Argentine coast. Biogeographically, the Patagonian molluscs have been recorded (eight infecting six species Shelf is divided into two provinces, the Argentine and of gastropods and 10 infecting six species of bivalves) in the Magellanic, that join around Peninsula Valdés. The the Southwestern Atlantic coast. The aim of this study Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 1 Volume 11 | Number 4 | Article 1706 Bagnato et al. | Checklist of marine larval trematodes from Argentina is to present information and new data of occurrence of The acronyms for the Helminthological Collections larval digenean found in the commonest gastropods and are: Helminthological Collection of the Museo de bivalves inhabiting coast from Argentina. La Plata (MLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires province, Argentina; National Parasitological Collection of the MATERIALS AND METHODS Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino A survey of the scientific data on larval digeneans Rivadavia” (MACN-Pa), Buenos Aires province, found in marine molluscs from the Argentine coast was Argentina; Parasitological Collection of the Centro done through scientific papers between 1961 and 2014. Nacional Patagónico (CNP-PAR), Puerto Madryn, Furthermore, we included new records from our research Chubut province, Argentina. group. Specimens described by our research group were The records were based on naturally infected molluscs. sampled during low tide on several occasions along For most of the species listed in this study, cercariae different sites from the coast of Patagonia, Argentina. emerge from the molluscs in aquatic environment; Molluscs were transported to the laboratory and placed in other cases, when the life cycle is abbreviated, the in small flasks filled with seawater at room temperature information is provided in the section of the life cycle (20–23°C). Emerged cercariae were studied alive, stained advances. with neutral red or Nile blue under light microscope before being fixed. After 48 h, all molluscs were RESULTS necropsied in order to detect prepatent infections and A total of 31 cercariae were identified infecting 20 to study larval stages. The morphology was studied alive species of molluscs, one at superfamily level, 14 at family and photographed. Several naturally emerged cercariae level, 10 at genera level and six at species level. From were killed with heated seawater, immediately fixed with 31 marine cercariae, 14 are infecting nine gastropods 10% formalin (Cribb and Bray 2010), stained with acetic species and 17 are infecting 11 bivalve species. Figure 1 carmine, dehydrated through ascendant ethanol series, shows the localities where the cercariae were recorded. cleared with methylsalicylate and mounted on glass slides with Canada balsam. Prevalences were calculated Phylum Platyhelminthes Gegenbaur, 1859 following Bush et al. (1997). Specimens of cercariae were Subphylum Neodermata (Ehlers, 1995) deposited in the Parasitological Collection of Centro Class Trematoda Rudolphi, 1808 Nacional Patagónico (CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Subclass Digenea Carus, 1863 Chubut province, Argentina. A sample of cercariae specimens were preserved in ethanol 96% and frozen for molecular analyses. These analyses were performed Aporocotylidae Odhner, 1912 on ribosomal DNA (mainly ITS1 e ITS2 regions) using standard techniques of DNA extraction, amplification Aporocotylidae gen. et sp. 1 by PCR and DNA sequencing (see protocols in Cremonte Host: Ensis macha (Molina) (Bivalvia: Pharidae). et al. 2013, 2015). Habitat: Sandy subtidal. The taxonomy of digenean species is in accordance Cercarian group: Furcocercous. with Cable (1954, 1956, 1963), Holliman (1961), Yamaguti Locality: La Tapera Beach, San José Gulf (42.33° S, (1975) and Stunkard (1983). The taxonomic identity of 064.55° W), Chubut province. the mollusc hosts were updated according to WoRMS Infection sites: Gonad, digestive gland and gills. (2015) and the species names were corroborated by Prevalence: 1/30 (3.3%). malacological specialists. The marine cercaria species Material deposited: CNP-PAR 59 (histological section). found in molluscs from Argentina are presented in Reference: Vázquez et al. (2013). alphabetic order for each family; each record contains information of the species name, authority and year, the Aporocotylidae gen. et sp. 2 name of mollusc host species, authority and family; the Host: Amiantis purpurata (Molina) (Bivalvia: Veneridae). habitat where the respective life cycles of the digeneans Habitat: Sandy subtidal. occur (inter- or subtidal); the Argentine localities Cercarian group: Furcocercous. where of the molluscs were collected. Moreover, data Locality: El Molino Beach, San Matías Gulf (40.82° S, related to prevalence of infection and life cycle were 064.73° W), Río Negro province. presented when it is available. If material deposited in Infection sites: Gills and a kidney in high intensities helminthological collections or molecular sequences of infection. GenBank of other larval stages were available, the Prevalence: 3/690 (0.43%). respective accession numbers were clarified between Material deposited: MLP 6288, 6289; CNP- Par 31, 32. parentheses. Reference: Gilardoni et al. (2011b). Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl
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