L ibr a r y . o f W '

T H E O RIG IN

A N C I E N T N A M E S .

WE sh a ll fo llo w in a rticle sh o w endeavor, in the g , to Ita lAsia that the proper names of Greece , y , Minor, B a b lo n E t h o ae y , gyp , P enicia , and Jud a , more especially the names of places and of the gods , are generally com pound words containing within them the names of the

- Ak . sun gods Ab , , Am , Ar, As , At, El , and On In this inquiring age it is time that the composition of n ames which are associated with the legends or the history of the ancient world should receive proper a t tention . Before the mission of the Saviour, the more intelligent amon g the Romans had formed the opinion that the various great gods ” of the nations had much ff in common , notwithstanding the di erent attributes f ascribed to them and the dif erence of their names . a nd Hercules , O siris , Janus , Zeus , Jupiter, many more , f were regarded as the same deity , allowing for the dif er ence of ideas Which must be expected to exist among different nations on the same subject . It has been said that Roman polytheism has but two ” m lu . great gods , Heaven and Earth , and Terra In the fourth century, Ausonius treats prominent gods of several nations as the same deity under different names 4

Ogygia me Ba cch u m vo ca t Osirin E gy ptus pu ta t Mysi Pha n a cem no mina nt ; Dio ny so n In di exis tim a nt Ro ma a S a cra L be u m n i r , ” a b a Ge do ne m Ar ic ns A u .

Ogygia c a lls me Ba cchus E gypt thinks me Osiris T h e Mysia ns na me m e Pha n a x ; T h e Indi c onsider m e Diony sus T h e Ro m a n S a c ra c a llm e Liber a b a a c do n The Ar i n r e , A is .

The Rhodian oracle declares Atys or Attis to be - o -u s Dio n u so s Adon is , Ba ch , and

M a gnum Atten pla ca te Deu m qu i c a stus Ado nis ” s es La r ito r O u m ulc D s E u t o u . vi , g p , p her i nys Not only is there a coincidence in the general idea i which the ancients had of the deit es , but often there is a very great verbal resemblance in their names . They are frequently exactly the same word . The appellations of the gods are generally translated or explained by words of the same sound in the lan guage of the country where the name belongs . For instance , the word Salii , the priests of Hercules , and s a lio “ of Mars in Italy, is usually derived from , to ” : n leap we prefer to derive it from Sol or A sel , the sun , and compare it with the Selli mentioned in Homer, ‘ ’ — EM o z H ello i priests of Jup iter, who were also called ( ) , ’ eik 3 h a lea from El or Asel , the sun ; q, M ( Hele) , alea or flea ( ) , and halo (in English) , mean the same . We have Au sel u n . the Etruscan Usil , and , names of the s h Ap rodite , the Grecian name of Venus , is supposed to “ ” ac és th e be formed from tp , foam of the sea . We think su n it a compound of Abar , the , the shining Bar of the

Assyrian inscriptions , and Adad (pronounced Atad or su n Aditth a Adat) , the ; like , the name of an ancient - a a city on the Euphrates , and Adit y , the S nskrit name of the spirits of light . u As a younger race , the Greeks wo ld naturally bor row many ideas from the more advanced nations of oe Asia Minor, Palestine, Ph nicia , Egypt, and Mesopo tamia ; just as we are indeb ted to Europe for the large 5

proportion of the books read by us . Were their deities " entirely the creation of the Hellenic mind Was Ado n is , the beloved of Venus , originally a Grecian deity , or " is he of Assyrian origin Movers , in his accoun t of the says that the fir st syllable of Sar - da n - apal

a n d - us , the Assyrian king deity name , is the word Asar,

Azar, or Asur, a name of the Assyrian Mars . The ” second d a n a syllable , , is Ad n , which is again found in ’ - a do n -h a dd o n Asar , or Esar , a king s name , and is plain lfi x Ad a n . 7 C a rth a in y ( ( ) without the A It is ( , the g ia n D o n a n d ; is very common in Assyrian names , like

- - a d a n - - a dcm Merodach Baal , Nabu zar , the captain of the guard , mentioned in the Bible .

To these words , instanced by Movers , we may add - Ad0n - Kh o rsa b a d the names of Bel (im) sha , ruler at , Neb

------a d o n o ssa r a d . n ez z a r d a n uch or Neb uch , Abi or Pha eth on - d am n T a na - , San , the Assyria Mars , is or Athena

- D a n - - Olh . n ( Minerva) ; Dan , Tina , Jupiter Tinia , iel , - N- a t/za n - - N- a t/za n - a th cm iel , iel , , Jon , Adonai , Adoni

- - - - - bezek , Adoni ram , Adoni kam , Adoni jah , Dona paris

’ - D n i- Am - a d nw a n d in or eper, , Ari , Udine , a place Italy .

- Ada n (is) is the sun . He was said to pass six months

- with Venus and six months with Proserpine . Adon is or ” . In Adonai was an Oriental title of the sun T the Bible , we have “ the children of Ede n which were in Thel ” asar, i and the garden of Adan (Eden) in Genesis .

- Other forms of Adan ( Adonis , the sun god) are Ham a d cm i , the capital of Media , Tina , the name of Jup ter a in It ly, Tina , the name of a place in Arabia , Atten

- (as Adon is is called by the Rhodian oracle) , and Pos ido n -tune Ne , the name of Nep ( p is the Assyrian Nebo , - - o d Mercury ; tune is Adan , the Mesopotamian sun g ) .

In the North of Europe , Adan is Odin , the Scandinavian

- king and god . We have the Bible names Adin and di M - idia n A no , the names of persons , , of a country, M - eth o ne Diana , a goddess of Italy , , an ancient city, M - o don in called also . We have the river Don , Russia , -m -o don the Ther , which empties into the Black Sea , not i a n d n very far from Treb zond , the Udo , which flows

Pa ge 4 79 . ’ R. P. K n . D iet . n a ss o s . T ight . See Anthon s Cl , Art Ad i

2 n s . 2 1; Ki g xix 1 . 6

- i into the Caspian Sea . There is the river Jor d a n n - cla n Palestine , the Jar , a river in Greece , another river n a n d of the same name in the isla d of Crete , a hero ,

- d - - a n es . fire Jar Jar is the god Ar, a part of the word - u sa lem c - Jer , the ancient Salem ( ompare the Bible name - b - l a n d A sa o m . Jehova Shalom , also , Salomi) The Greek Hermes or H er m eia s ( Mercu ry) is said to “ S a ra m e a s be the Median word y , who leads the souls ” m to Hades (it being the softened for of s) . It is evi dent th a t the Greeks took the names Adan ( Adonis) and “ ” H erm eia s ( Mercury) wholly from the East . But an attentive examination of the composition of proper Neb u ch a d o n o ssa r names , Nebo ( Mercury) , Achad (the su n - O ssa r " - is Na b o co la ssa r ) , Adan ( Adon is) , ( seir ) ; , fire - su n E1 su n Nabo ( Mercury) , Ac (the ) , (the ) , Asar - Na b o o la ssa r ( Mars) , the sun god ; p , Nabo ( Mercury) , A — u Apol ( pollo) , Assar ( Mars) s ggests the idea that many of the names of the an cient world will be found to h a mes o n e a n be made up of o t er n of d two syllables . They may finally be reduced to eight n a mes of sun-g o ds o n e l of syllab e each , which , variously compounded to gether, make up the names of gods , kings , rivers , coun

a nd . Ab Ak tries , cities They are , , Am , Ar, As , At

Ani . ( Ad) , El , and On ( ) I A n . n Ab , p , or Op is an old ame of the sun in Italy ' a n d A - - a n Egypt it is Api , Hapi , p is (Phi os , Egyptian

In . king) . Babylon and Persia it is Ab or Av We find S a l- a - A -u l- - A p ia , a city of p ia in Italy ( Sol p ) ,

- a lz B b - - a - en l Zal p , a i le name , Sal p , a people of Arabia ,

A - r A su n Ia - ia , , , ; p , p ia " the land of p the yg a G eece ” as in “ name of Mag na Gr cia Italy , Auf, an Arab divin J a n d - a la n d ity , oab , a Hebrew captain , Job ; also Jub

- l J a b a . , names of old Hebrew deities or patriarchs Com ’ “ ” - - - - - elAb elA a n d A7r e7\7\ cov . pare Abi , ( p ollo) , , the fighter Ani in , a name of the sun Assyria , is in Egypt and In G J a n a n d . Syria O n . In reece it is Ion Italy it is

J a n - u s - u s ( Ean ) , whom Scaliger has shown to be the " I . god of the sun . n E truria it is Jonn

‘ su n n in El , or Eli, the , is fou d Greece , Mesopotamia , e e a n d a . Pho nicia , Jud ea It is the name of the chi f deity ” H M -a s of the Semitic races . It is the sun ; in Homer ,

9k ’ N ebu s Rome Am . cd . . 62 . i hr , , p 7

- - In is " B eli os and Aeli os . the New Testament it Eli

" . Eli In Job and Isaiah it is El In Genesis it is El , El- El- - o him jon , Sadai , Elohim , and Hael (compare Asel ,

Au sel . r , or Usil , the sun) Among the Tu ks it is Al , or u l- I - . u l 11 . Allah It is also , Joel , Jael , J ia , and ius Az It , As (or Ah) , is another name of the sun . is found in Assyria and other countries generally . It

a nd U2 . changes to Os Oh , Ush and The Greek form

- - a nd E 9 . a nd is Ias , 7 As as was an Arabian god , As is

- - a sun deity at Edessa . Is is was the Egyptian sun goddess . We have Asa , king of Judah , the Asi , a peo

- ple of As ia ; Aus and Auza , names of Arab tribes , and ' r div init Al- 3 Uzza , an A abian y ,( uzza t Ad - a d Ad , or At , is Atys and At is , , the sun ( Adad) ,

- the river Adda , the Bible name Ada , Aud , or Ad , a

- deity of Arabia , and Ath os , the mount of At . Ad is Ar - ia d a also the name of an ab tribe , is part of Jeho , a

- - Io u d - Jewish king, Eli ada , a Bible name , and aia , or “ ” - se Jud a . It is the nam e of the altar called Ed by G - a d - es the children of (the sun , Achad) , Otho , king of

Egypt, and Otho , the Roman Emperor . Adi , with the

- - - u s e e o s. termination of the nominative , is Di os , De , and fire- - es Ar , or Ari , meaning sun , is in Greek Ar , in “ ” t n icia a e and Jud a it is Ar , the fire ( Iar) ; it is “ ” ” “ fire Ur, or Aur, of the Chaldees , the seat of the “ ” - - . Ur o priests It is the Latin , to burn , Ar ia , a coun

- - eio i fire . try, Ar , the Medes , who were worshippers It is

- - A -1 h - s l fire e] t u a em the god Ari , p 7 ( Ariel) , a name of Jer , " -" l- - A o r u s l . and HR SN, , the Babylonian God of ight It “ " ‘ d , i is erived from "R m, mx, mean ng Fire , and is fire- - e] - connected with Ara , a altar, Uri , a Bible name , ’ - a nd -io ch Ari och , a king, Ar , a captain of the king s guard in Babylon .

Ak J a cc h - B - a cch - u s E v - ecch - is os , a name of , or ius A - . ch (another name of Bacchus) We find eans , the Ach - Ak - es people , and aia , the land of ; also Ach , an B - a lc- i Egyptian king, Acca , a port in the Levant, tr a , a - a h - e country , Bal , a prince in the Bible , Pel g , a patriarch O O - - es - in Genesis , g , king of Bashan , g yg , the sun god

flo o d - A - a of the legend , g g , king of the Amalekites , and " Y Ar -u s - o ch -u s ank , an abian deity , Och and Bel , kings

n t Vol. X 4 U H s V . 8 e sa 3 . iv r l i , III p . 8

Ale-m o m fire- -io ch of Babylon , , a god, Ar , a king, and B a c -u s , an infernal deity .

a . in w Am is p ( Hebre jom , meaning in the Dorian language it is dp a p in the Attic Greek it ' “ ” -e a Ph ce ni i - is nu p , a day ; it is the c a n deity M ar or Om - u ar, it is the Hind god Jama , the Persian Jima . It 1 3 n i found in Ammi and Ami , the ames of persons n the “ - a a m - in Bible , in Bal , the priest king Genesis ( and a B el- a a m u a B el -ta m said nto Mir is Omar, and -im Am or Iom . The Em , a people mentioned in the

Bible (plural of Em) , is this same word Am . We find J o u m a n also Ima and , Syria names of places , and “ ” m - Ao u m first- Ao . y is ( ) , the sun , the born The femi n n o f i e Am is properly Maia , the earth , the daughter of

- Atla s T a la io s . , the sun ( Sol ) in It is compounded with On or Ani , the sun , the “ Am - a h - u s O m - a h -u s words and , names of a deity C a a d o cia w h o m B o ch a rt worshipped in Pontus and p p , . ” identifies with the sun . Am - Am Am makes a part of Amos , Moses , asis , and - - es n Am - o n - Ra men em , two ki gs of Egypt, , the Amun L b ia of Egypt, the Jupiter Ammon of y ; and is found Im- - elImm- - el= Amm o n - E l - a m in manu ( annu ) , Ani , - a m B en -ia m-in J a m-ih Abij , , and , Hebrew names , in Ya m- a n Y in - a m- (or emen in Arabia) , Ar g/ ah , a Hindu - H - a m- M ed - Am - - a sun god , adan , the capital of ia ( adi ) , Ia m- en -a s and , a name in Homer ; also in the Bible J a m-l- Am - a l- a k names ech (which is , Moloch , or Mel - a m - a n d fire- ech) , Ador (Am the sun god Adar the god) , H - - a m - o r- a m Am ir , Jeh (Asur , or Ahura , and ; compare - a n d -a m e a s Haram eias Sar y or Hermes , Mercury, Sar - m -u b el n ama , the Hindu goddess , and Sur , the serpe t t n icia n s b en eficen t - deity of the , the Ophion Cad

M o n -i - u s . m mus) We have also , the associate deity a red ro s Ed - su n - M - a l- eh - a m (p ) of the essa god , the god , - co m - o m - a eu s or Mil , Baal ch (or Apollo Chom ) , Ach a em- en- es Aka m b u si- a C— a m-b ses - , y ( a y ) , Bushi cham ,

- - C a m u s . and , the god The su n - name Ad is found in the reduplicated form

- Ad a d . d , or Tat ( Tot, Taut) Compoun ed with El (the sun) we h ave the Bible - names Eli - dad a nd El- dad ; with

’ K n Z c for 1 853 . 1 83 . uh s eits hrift , p 9

- - B il . Ab we have dad, with Am , Medad Adad com Ani s u n T - it- a n pounded with (the ) gives , a name of

- — ch the sun , Tent ones , the Germans , the Dut (from Teut , u n a n d a n d T - - - u s the s , On , the sun) , ith oh , the spouse : - of Aurora also Dod ona , famous for its oracle , and " - a n . Ded , a patriarch Other forms of Adad (or Ad) are th o th - a n A is , Egyptian king, the god Thoth ( Taut or

- m - es T io ta Tat) , Thoth , the king, , the Celtic word “ ” n T ith o - es mea ing sun , , an Egyptian word meaning T ith a Aditth a light, , the Sanskrit word for fire , , a name ’ Prefixin su n . n of a city, and Titus , a man s ame g the

H - n name As , or Ah , we have adad , a Syrian ame of the su n a n d S - ; As Ad united give aad , an Arabian deity , El- Sadai , of the Bible , Asad , the Arabian Mercury (the L - o d n a n d H - sun g )”Sadi , the Persia poet, eth , the name of Aseth S - -es a Hebrew ; and ait , kings of Egypt ; Seth , the so n of Adam . “ ” Ed - o m Ad compounded with Am gives , the name ' . DllN O N ill/ R Asa v of a country and a people , (or d Esau) , father of E om . Edom is Adami We have E t- a m E t-a m J o th - a m , a village , , a rock ,§ , a Hebrew ” n - a m o n - u d ki g , Eth , the edge of the wilderness , Tham ,

- an Arab tribe , Tham udeni ( Adonis) , a people of Arabia , c Adama , an Arabian city , Adami, a pla e mentioned in -m . At u the Bible In Egypt is the sun , and Tamie ,

- . temis the moon In Greece Ar is the moon , the chaste - a m -u s Ad Ad a m Diana ; T . eut ( + ) was an Assyrian king

at the time of the Troj an war .

- - Apollo (the sun god , the far darter tends the cows d - - (the figurative expression for sunbeams of A m etu s .

- - u z . Thamm is the name of Adon is , the sun We have - - - u Baal Tam ar, a name of Baal , Tam ar , a da ghter of

- - - o d . David , Obed Edom ( Adam) the Gittite , Dem oc us , - -u s a poet m entioned in Homer, Dem ar (another Noah “ - perhaps) , Dem eter who is Eve , moth ” o f - eni a n d An i su n er all living flT Tem ( Adam , the )

a nd - - — em- Tem a n are Bible names . Tem bar is an Assy

a nd - - - i rian deity, Bar tim eus ( Tamie the moon , Ar it m is = Dia n a - ) , who sat at the gates of Jer icho , is named s - from the u n gods Abar and Adam . We have also the

n l. X . e es s c a . . U n e sa H s o Vo V . 3 79 3 87. G i , h p x T iv r l i t ry, III pp ,

U n e sa H s u es . V . 3 . o o l. II. 4 5 1 1 . 1 iv r l i t ry, p J dg xv A nd h a e s f n s t e w o e . e e s . t r h a ven 1I G i iii 20. 1 0

" D a m- o n T im-o n - - names and , Dam ar is , a woman , and

- Timo theus . Whatever was the origin of these eight monosy names of the sun , they are found from Italy to Egypt,

B a ktria . Mesopotamia , and

It is necessary, before going further, to premise that the ancients interchanged the vowels to a great extent .

In modern books , each vowel is preserved in all its purity ; it is fixed for ever by the printed character . But at a period when manuscripts were not yet common , in a n d there was a laxity the use of vowels consonants , f in su ficient partly to obscure , many cases , the external . signs of the ori gin of words . The vowels were not always inserted . A consonant was thought, from the

w d . nature of the case , to contain a vo el appen ed to it

Ka . T was Ta , B was Ba , K , , as in Sanskrit The first alphabets were syllables , not letters . In Hebrew the vowel - points were not used until long after Christ ; a n d the old language was written w ith the aid of a few vowels , which were not generally ex

- pressed . Jehova Elohim was written i b o a e lh i m ; o i a o n th n i r o s lm Jonathan , ; Jerusalem , ; David ,

o a h i t l. d v d ; Ahitophel , p As , therefore , vowels were in often left charge of the memory, it is not strange that , as in the vulgarisms and provincialisms of modern o n e times , they should have run into another . The broad a is 0 and a n ; the short a is also a short and B E id a u r -u s frequently is dropped ; as , idaura , anciently p , Asa ra c i Sarak for , Mard for Amardi , a people of Asia , a in Media for Amadia . Very often is misread e the

Bible ; for Aleph , the first character of the Hebrew

a a n d e. alphabet, is both The consonants were con tinu a lly transmuted i nto their middle and aspirated

Ph . a d h . n forms P is B and T becomes D T , as in

a n d a c . K Methone Modon , two names of the s me ity passes over into G a n d Ch . I is continually prefixed to a nd d words beginning with a vowel , is often ad ed at the

. . end S softens to Sh , and H t But , to resume the consideration of the eigh names

- of sun gods , which , compounded together, make up most

. Ak of the pro per names of antiquity They are Ab , ,

Am , Ar, El , As , At, On .

3 Acts x vu . 4. 1 1

Ani G (the sun) is O n , Jan , in reece , the Etruscan - a s Jonn , Jan , an ancient king of Italy , the river Anio , a a n a i - a n -u s tw o J , a Bible name , J , with faces , the Roman ' - - i h is n u s E a n a . war god , ame Ean , and , people From with th e li ht o th e sun Ant- Ani Ani comes , g f , mation ( “ ” Ant- Ant- matio) , ma , the soul , the life , and mare , the ” “ - - a nt . on verb to mate It is the last syllable of Dag , - a fish O d a co n the sun god with the extremity of t , and , ” “ - the man fish of the Babylonian legend . We may " o co mpare with the syllables of Dag . n the German Tag, “ ” - es meaning day , the Etruscan Tag , and the Baby lo nia n " - es - ann ( Ani , the sun god) , who rose from the sea to instruct the people in the arts of life . Ani is thus mention ed by Rawlinson In th e no rthw est pa la c e o f Nimro u d there is a n insc riptio n o f S a r - da n -a pa l- us repea ted m o re tha n a h u ndred times This is the a la ce o f S a da a a lus th e u mble w o s e o fAssa ra c p r n p , h r hipp r a nd Bels o f s n Ba r o f An i a n d o f Da o n w h o a re ti , the hini g , , g , ’ h e so t e principa lo f the go ds . An o b lisk insc riptio n a lruns a s ‘ fo llo w s : Asa ra c th e a lo d n o f a llth e ea o ds , gre t r , ki g gr t g ; ' An i Nit th e o w fula nd A rtenk th e su eme o d , the king ; , p er , , pr g f d ’ o o c s Bels o ec o mo e o fthe o s . the pr vin e , ti , the pr t t r , th r g S h m w o s de o e d Ba r . he ir pre i s v r the hea vens a n the ea rth .

Artenk La ma H o us . T a la nd Set a da s o f , , r , the tten nt ” ‘ B ls mo o f o d . 1 e ti , ther the g s Three places named Ani are laid down on the maps ; Wa n one north of Lake , the other west of it, a little to the northwest of Pallu . 1 Another at the source of the

- river Ri oni , near the Caucasus . It is also the name of su n the city On , or Heliopolis , the city of the , now -b ee a n d Baal , the name of the Egyptian On , whose -i h a r Po ti h eres priest was Pot p , or p , compounded of the Ph re su n a nd gods Phut and , the ( Phut Bar, or Abar, su n find B . Pars or Perseus , the , the Egyptian hre) We An n a also a city on the Euphrates , Unna , a river of

- Onn . European Turkey, and os , a king of Egypt An i in In a has Sanskrit the form (the sun) , in it Greece , Egypt, and Palestine is On , ion , aon , iun , oni , one , Ono , No , and Unni . Elon , the highest god in

oe E1 . Ph nicia , is a compound of , the sun , and On ( Ani)

D euk - a o n I a ca th e s e ca th e a n a nd T a us th e e of li , th , i l , Atti , l d, g , riv r, t e sun .

na fth . o u o e Ro Vol. XII . 42 1 a s a c So c e 7 43 2 . J r l y l A i ti i ty, pp , ’ un r s n n 1 Sp r e A cie t Atla s . 1 2

’ - -ia th o n s o e In San chon account of Ph nician deities , it has E lio u n the form or Elion . In the Old Testament we find E lo n El j , the god of whom Melchizedek was priest , “ ” " the most high God by whom Abraham swears . Ah

in w Ailo n WS’N n other form Hebre is , ( , the ame of a a n d - person , Elon , the head of the Elon ites .

E m - . s u n t ch In the inscription on the coffin of azar , was recently discovered at Sidon , the occupant of the “ sa rc O p h a g u s says he has built a temple to E la n of the in in o n Sidonians Sidon , the land the sea , a temple to

” ‘ a n d . Baal Astarte 1 The name Elon is , in Greece , the name of a person . “ Ani o Alco v first- in is Ai n ( ) , the sun , the born , the ’ o a n d l a Zé w Ph enician Cha dean learning ; Homer s , a word “ ” meaning life , and the Eon of the Gnostic religions .

In a a n d . d . Compounds of Ani , or , Adar are In r a , god

- in . . E u of the sky India , the An dr a of the Persians , dor, A the abode of the witch , and (with p , the sun , prefixed) ' - - - u s P . . Pan dar and in dar, the poet - fire - Adar is Adar melech , the god , Oder, a river in

Prussia , Odra , a river in European Turkey , Dor, in the

- name of the Dor ians , named after their god , as the

- el - - Israelites from Asar ( Israel) , Dar ius , the sun name of find H - . a th o r the Persian king We also , the Egyptian Ath r - goddess , and y , a month ; Adr iel , Jetur ( Adar) , - - E l a n d . Jattir, a place , Bible names Adriel is Adar , the “ ” - el m - el fiery El , or Ari , of Jud a (the land of Ad , or Adi ,

‘ - - a Bible name) . Compare Del os , the island , and Sol T a la io s in , a deity worshipped Crete . Adel , or Tal , is

- the Assyrian name of the sun god , the Delian Apollo .

- J ethr o is . Jetur or , Atar or Adar We have Dar, the a n d name of an Arab tribe , Tur, Tyre , Turan , a coun ” “ b a o f . At u r try Asia It is the h in At ria , a name of Assyria . Adar was merely another name of Asur,

Asa ra c . Assur , Asar, and , the chief god The Chaldee Targums give Athor for the Hebrew The Turks call Tyre (from Atur) Sour (another name of the same - a n d Am . god) . Mithra , the Persian Hindu deity , is adar

- a M . . u a n We h ve adra , a Hindu people , M ad a ra , African M - eta u r-u s M ithrid a t- es city, , a river in Italy , ( Mithra

’ D e c s T a ns a on . enes s . 1 8 22 . T G i xiv , i tri h r l ti

Vol. XI. Pa I. . 1 0. Ra vvlinso n Ro a s a c So c. ou na 1 , y l A i ti J r l , rt p 1 3

a su n - a mithra and Ad d , the ) , the Hindu king Datt ( Adad D - - - u s su n a + Mithra) , em etri ( Ad the , and Mithr , or a n d Adam , Adar) , the Greek name of the same king,

- - an d the Bible name Ador a m . e m Countri s were na ed after the gods there worshipped , cities likewise . Assyria was thus certainly named after ssa ra c Asa ra k N- isro ch A , , or He is considered

‘ a n d - - a c in ( Ani , the sun , As ar ) , the Assyrian god whose

- tem ple Sennacherib was slain . We may compare Ser u g E s -r - a k in a n d - o n in the Bible , , a place Arabia , - Sar g , the “ ” “ ” N- isro c h king name , which is , with the N or An at en d - the of the word ; also Sor acte , a mountain ( Asar a n d d su n - es Z E n ea s Acha , the ) , Achat , the friend of , - th - - a nd Ao - d - - Ach oes , king of Egypt, ( Ach tho ,) est is

a n d . ( Achad Asad , Sadai or Set , the sun) Ar E z - er n As with gives Asar, the god , , the ame of a erso n fire - p fi Ezra , the scribe , Azar, the god ( As , Asur , or

- a o - Assar and Asar , the deity after whom Assyr ia is “ ” a n d named , whose name As is the name of the whole

- - - . e continent of As ia See the Bible name Asi l) . We fire - a n d - M - el have Zohar, the god , Zar etis , his goddess ,

- - - - - B elsh a z z a r a nd t . zar, , Bel esh azzar Asur is called ” “ 3 Asura , with the epithet Mazda , the wise ( becomes

- sh a n d h . the softened , is ) Asura is Ahura Mazda “ u - In (called A ra masta , from Aur, the India ’ - a a nd m the sun s name is Sur y , the ter Asura is found

applied to evil deities . It is probable that they were the - d Ad - a d old sun eities , like the twelve Titans (from , the

a n d . sun , On , the sun) So the Turks call Tyre (from fire - Adar, the sun or god) , Sour (the sun , Asur) . The

- Latin name was Sarra ( Asar) . Bible names containing - a - - e the deity n me Azar, are Azar iah , Isr ael , a Pho nician

- iel - - El- iz u r name of Saturn , Asr ,i Ele azar, Azr iel , , son S h - ed a u r s u n a nd fire - of the , Adar, the god) , and

- - Osor thon , the Egyptian king ( Asar adan) . a b in We have Isar, tributary of the Danu e Bavaria , " - m n seir is (who is Asar) , Seir, a name of a ountai , in a n Ashur, the Bible , Sair, Arabian god worshipped Au z a ra by the tribe Auza ,§ the Hebrew tribe Asher, , the

Ra w nso n s 2 a X II. . 4 4. c So c e Vo l. li , A i ti i ty, p Ne em a c a T h i h , h p . iii . 1 Jo sh ua xvii .

His V . l . . U n e sa o o . XVI 3 87 iv r l t ry, II p 2 14

Ahir a a name of a city on the Eu phrates , and , , Bible name of a person Osiris , Asura or Ahura) . in - Baal had his altars Isr ael with Ashera , his god dess ( Azara or Asara) . We are inclined to derive Sar u iter- dinia also from Asar and Tinia (J p Tinia) , Tina or

Adan . m Ak fire- B - Ab , co pounded with (the god) , gives acch - n us , the god , Pekah , a Jewish king, Aphek , a Bible ame ,

R- a h a k - es a n Re- - su n a n d p , Egyptian , bek ah (Re , the ,

- E v . ech v Bekah , Bacchus) , ius , the name of Bacchus (

Ata r~ bech ~ is a n d - is b) . We have (Venus) Baal b ee

- . u s I ( Heliopolis) Bacchus is also called Evi ( Abi) . n a n d L - evi the Bible we have Evi , the name of a person , L - a b a n d ( evi) , the same as Eli , a compound of El Ab ,

- - . o u s su n or Ev Ba ch is the old Persian god Baga . ” h e “ t su n . Among Sclavonians he is Bog, the rising

T h e river Bug has his n ame . On the banks of the

- Indus he is Bhaga the Adit ya . Other forms of the a n d - el name are Bukki Pagi , names of persons in the - -u s B o cch - o r - E v a - o r - Bible , Bago as , Boch , is , and g as ,

Egyptian kings .

- V iv a h . a o g , a name of the sun in ancient Persia , is Ah - a B - a P- a P- a io s probably g , the doubled form , like , n A s u n a nd the Scythia form of p , the , Adad , the redu

- . Ab ib e plication of Ad , the sun is the nam of a Jewish month . Several Jewish months are named after deities . - - s E p aph u is the Egyptian name of the same month .

- - - fin d E . A h o b a n d We also the kings p iph an es , p is , the ’ A - o - - Egyptian king s name p p is , the Bible names Bavai , " H - o b - a b R- a - a n d Ah - ib - a l Bebai , , the son of g uel , , a

Ph oen ician king .

Ab , compounded with El , gives the god Bil or Bel , Ab - il- in - a Abel , ah , a city, Evil (as Evil Merod ch , king t of Babylon) . B sof ens continually into V . Pars ( Per Ab a rti Afa rti sia) becomes Fars , the , , Sebastopol is E lisa b eth o l E lisa w eth o l Sevastopol , p is p , south of the

Caucasus mountains . Seb a nd Sev are Egyptian names

- - of Saturn . Phil ist ia , the country of the Philistines , is

- . n Abel Seth , or Set With these ames we may compare - u s t nic ia n o d Ph ce nicia n Sab , a g , Usov , the Mars ,

S u h - n Asa v p is , ki g of Egypt, Asaph , in the Bible , ( Sat

Numbers x . 1 5

u rn u . ) , Esa , and the name of the poetess Sappho They are probably all compounded of two n ames of the su n

- - a n d A . fin d n god , As p We the Bible ames Eli asaph , Io se h - ib - - - - a n - - u lo n p , Ios iah , Ios i ph iah , Zeph iah , and Zeb “ - - E lo n ( Seb Elon , the Saturn Elion , or El j of Abraham and Melchizedek ; as the name of a person in the Bible

- a nd b - o - it is Eli ehai Eli ehai) , Zif, a Hebrew month

- name , Seba , the Arabian god of heaven , Zab ii (the

‘ - a ea n s - a l - Sab ) , Zob (or As Abel) , a name of Saturn . H - o b - a l a nd Ar , the chief of three hundred sixty abian " d a v elio . a n S s idols Compare the Sabellians , a people , s u n (the , Gothic Sanil , Sol in Latin , Ansil , Usil , the u elii - - A s . a , a family) Jehova is called Seb oth , God of ” hosts , or God of heaven ; Him whom heavenly hosts ” - . su n n obey Savitar, the creator of the Hi dus , is Sab , ’ - - a n d . or Sev ( Saturn) , itar, Atar , the fire and sun god ‘ n b - a The Bible gives the quee of She a (or S eb ) , which ’ - - is Seb Saturn , Ish bak , a man s name , and we have

------S a b a s . acho , Seb ich os , or Sev ech , king of Egypt

fire - Ak An i If the god is compounded with , the sun , Kew a n - we have the name of Saturn , Chon ( ) , Baal chon , in - Chiun , worshipped Egypt by the Israelites , Sar gon

kin = Asa r - - - (an Assyrian g Chon) , Con iah and Jecon iah , - in Bible names , Chaon , who is Chon , the deity Ken C a n - o - u s a n d Kn - Assyria , p eph , Egyptian names of

- - gods , Kanoon , the Syrian month name , and Can aan , a o la nd a d Ph enician deity , (the of C naan ,) mentione in S a n - - i - S - a n - c - u s a th o n . chon We have also , the Sabine “ ” In - - u s su n word for heaven , ach , the , the Phrygian An n - a k - An - o u ke a os ; , the Egyptian goddess of the e rth ,

- - - - E n a k An n . the Bible names och , Ah flf the akim , N ek d - - o a N . a , a Bible name , ach or, a pl ce (compare Achor, a n d the name of a valley , Kur , the sun) , N . echo ( Pharao) ,

e k . and N . c eb . i “ The Median Hindus as cribed their book of the law to Manu (or Menu) . The laws of Manu were the gift “ ” - su n - es O m of the all knowing , the chief god Man ,

- u s M o n - in in ah , or imus ( Germany , Mannus , Crete, in in h Minos , Egypt , Menes , Arabia , the god Manah , being Am a nn s a nd O m a n u s are identified with the B o ch a rt. M a nn sun by We have , the Hindu Noah of

it U n e sa H s o Vol. X V . . 3 86 . iv r l i t ry, III p 1 o s ua . u 3 3 . J h xiv 1 Josh a xix . 1 6 fl the ood ( Nuh of the waters , the Egyptian god of the m annual overflow) , A un , the Egyptian name of the su n - a n d - a s - u s god , Aman , part of the Taur range of -im s - i u n n . mountains ; Haman , the images Babylon

Baal is Saman a n d Haman . He is represented with four faces looking to the four quarters of the heavens . ’ a a in a H man is a man s n me , the book of Esther ; H man “ ” s o n - ed a th a d su n a n d the of Hamm ( Ada , the , Ham

s u n . su n or Sam , the ) Other forms of Am , the , are the - a m a n d Am - a n pool of Silo ( Sol Am) , asis , Egyptian king a n d su n Am- a z ia h Am ( Am , Asis , the ) , , king of Judah ,

- i e - - - a N a o m r o m a nd a m . aza , a name of Di na , , J baal , Abi j s u n - A The old Italian god p , Op (or Ab) , is the bull A - Ah -n d a d Ad a d p is of the Egyptians , the steer ( , the su n - o h ) of the Persians , the Egyptian name of Amen p , ” - “ - o h Al . or Amun p , the Arabian Auf, the god Auf, Ab - ed E h - ed - or of the Bible (Ebed ezer) , Evi , the a nd Nin - An name of a Hebrew, the cities Ava eva ( a n - H - - a ni ias , ah , Onan) , the name Eve of the Bible ,

Abi- elAh - d - Abi- Abi- Abi- a h Abi- - , iel , ezer, dan , j , me lech , Abi- su n Ah - athar ( Adar, the ) , dera , a Thracian city , E - id a u r-u s n o w P - - ra - o - p , called i daur (a iter or J p adar

- - su n n fire . ( Ater, the ) , the Assyria Adar melech , the god) It seems more reasonable to connect the name Jupiter su n iu v e = with Op , the , the old Italian god ( Jovi) , with - et J a - et- B u ttm a n n i Jap and p os , which cons ders names e of the Supr me Being, than to adopt the derivation “ D a u sh from the Sanskrit j , Heaven , or Diu or Div , ” ” “ “ - u a n d . to shine (Div s) , Pitar , father Dins piter and

- Dies piter are less natural than Op , the sun , Our father, iO - n P0 P- a d - u s J a ( p piter) , the ame of the river , or (

- - - - u s . o u s o o in pet ) Compare As p , or As p , a river Thes

- a n d A u s l . saly , p , a river in llyricum s u n - Ab Ab , compounded with the name Ad , forms ed - O b - ed - - a n d P- ed - - nego , iah , Obed Edom , ah zur, Bible

names . J a p et (or J u pit- er) is the Greek Puth - ios (the Pythian

- Apollo) , Pytho , the sun dragon , the Egyptian Phut or

Ph th - fire— c J a et- ah , the god Ptah ( ompare the Titan p os ,

a n d J e hth - a i p ah , j udge of Isr el) , Phut, the Hebrew patr " a n d I hitu s e in u - arch , p j The it r the name of J p iter

n r Od ss. . 26 . Ge esis x . " y xxi 1 7 is perhaps connected with the Italian names Adria (the ' - n d - ia m o d ern Atri E lr a d A r tic . ) , uria , We have the Ater - - Babylonian goddess gatis , called also Tar kat and “ h - Neh em . Der keto ; and the c ildren of Ater, in iah J a h - et - su n o d in p , Jup iter or Op , the g , reappear the o - - - i id in V. ed ius name of the r ver Auf ius , , a name of

u . J piter ( Ab ed , Ab or Auf, the Arabian god) , and in

- Ve . adar, the name of the Jewish intercalary month

- - - Ve a d . in Ve ( Ved ius would be perhaps ius The Ar, a d - fire - - es fire- ar, is the god Ar or Ar , the Assyrian god - - P— - o Adar melech or Adrammelech . ) We have also eth r o - - o r in i - P- et- er a ( p eth ) , a place mentioned the B ble , ( p et- er - S - a v - As J o v ~ ita r - ) , the Apostle , itar + , Sev Adar) , the

- - - - d . a n d Ph a e r u s . Creator sun of the Hindus , , the fabulist d - h If we ecline Op (as Jup iter is declined) , we ave , J Nominative Op , Joppa , Job (the Hebrew) , ove , or the

Io v is a . Arabian god Auf Genitive , ; D tive , Iovi - n o t u Jov is is then the genitive case , of J piter, but of Jop

su n A . or Auf, the ( Ab , p , or Op) Compare Baiae and Veii , in a n d d two names of places Italy , Iiv , the Oscan eity . ” “ s u n A El ( the , compounded with p ( Ab) , “ ” Ab - el the sun , gives Apel ( Apollo) the fighter, , Bel , the

- sun god of Mesopotamia , Phoenicia , and Palestine ; all - im su n - d a n d the Baal or Elim , the go s ; Apulia , the land E u l of p , Apollo . Other forms of the name are Phul, - Ph ell- es an Assyrian king, Pallu , a Bible name , Apelles , , a El Evil , a Babylonian name , Aw l , an Arab divinity , - B a lc a n - T h - - paal , Vul can or or Bal cain or ubal cain , the ” a rtifi er instr u ctor of every c in brass and iron . in Apel appears Pleione , mother of the nymph Maia

( Mai , the month May) . Pleione is the spouse of Atlas , - - a io s who is Sol Tal (compare Tal , the Assyrian god, Ita l- D el- and Thales , a philosopher) , ia (Italy) , os , the - a - u s isle , Atell , an Oscan city , Attal , king of Pergamus , A t- b t . as , the deity , Tola and Tal mon , names of He rews Ab - el su n a n d Cain and are Bel , the , Chon (the Baal fin d Z - n a o . Chon , or Ag i , or Chiun , or Ch n) We abul , n - Z - the ame of a prince . It is As Abel . The word ebu S a b lon is , Saturn , and Elon , Elion , the most high God . - - u la n d Bel zeb Belzebub are compounded of Ab , El, and As , names of the sun .

2 n s 2 . Ge e is iv . 1 8

a nd n - Ab El are, seen in the ame of Pol lux ( Lux i Lu ké 7\w< El— — Ak a n d meaning l ght, , q( l) , Pol meaning

- - Apollo) . The name Nab opol as a r contains the name

- - . a a n d o a Apollo Bel itan , Bal ad n , Plut n are n mes of

Bel or Apel ( Apollo) . His name is B 61 a n d Bul ; also mh a d v B n . Pollio or Paul is apparently another form of these

. a a n words We have Bil , name of Bel , Abil , Arab a n d - - su n tribe , Bil dad , a Bible name , which is Bil , the , u n d a n d s . a n Adad , the Ap ollo the Bible patriarch Jubal were both skilled in playing the lyre : the p atri c h in su - arch Jabal was as ri cattle as n gods usually are . “ ” n a in e - es (I dr , the Hindu god , is rich cattl ) Pal is the

a n d . god goddess of cattle Apollo , while tending the o n Am hr cattle of Admetus , the banks of the river p y m sus , has the stolen from him by Mercury , the Arca - a dian su n god . Palmyra (called lso Tadmor) is Apel

o n . Omar (the Ph e ician deity Mar) Tadmor is Adad ,

su n a n d . A a n d the , Omar Since dad Apel are both su n - a n n mes , it is natural that they should be give to the

. su n same place Mercur or Mercury is Omar, the , Amar,

- - a n d su n . . the day, Kur, the Phil emon is Abel Amon

Is An i . El the sun , As is the sun , is the sun United ,

- - L . Pu t they give os na , a name of the moon in Italy “ ” S - el- en e ting As first , they give , another name of in a n d S - il- - the moon ( Greece) ; enus , the sun Bacchus

a nd n i . (from Ansil or Asel , the sun , A ) m O n s u n El co pounded with , the , gives Luna , the

a n d El- o n - of th e moon , , the chief deity (sun god) Phoe d i ia n s a n . n c , of Jerusalem , the ancient Salem We - - o n S h elu m i- el - have Jehova Shalom , Solom , , Shelom ith ,

- - - Baal Shal isha (Baal Sol Ishi , or Jah) , the Bible names

- ia h o Ah b a n d a nd in . 1 6 Ish , is ai , Esh baal ; Hosea ii , ” a n d n o B ea li Thou shalt call me Ishi , more ( As , or d Y 1 Ashi , softene , Iah or Iahi , the Greek as , s the sun ,

. 14. a s th e Orb of Life) . Compare Exodus iii su n As , compounded with Am , the , gives Semo , the n su n - Italian god of heave , Sam or Sem , the names of d the Hebrew patriarch a n the Persian hero . Shem is a h em es a nd - w n a me of the sun . S Shemir are well kno n fin d su n . names of the , according to Rawlinson We i - m - - also Shem . aiah , Shime , Sam ael , Ish ael , and Sam uel ,

- G esh em . in the Bible , and 1 9

Ani su n A further compound with An or , the , is found

- - In . the name Baal saman , or Baal haman This Saman , Am o n th e s u n oe E sm u n Haman , or , , is the Ph nician , ’ S m u n - ( Apollo) , Smin theus , the name of Apollo s e E shm u n - t n ic ia n pri st, is very near iad (a name) , - im - a n -th - - im - - - the Egyptian Os yas or Os ah d yas . Sum m a n -u s is the Italian god of the nightly lightnings . The Bible - names Sim - eo n and Simon appear to be the same word . “ - a h The Irish Cuat , the sun , is perhaps Achad , the “ a n d su n . In sun , On , the Sanskrit, Kut is the verb to C — t- - burn we have also esi as the writer,

‘ Acteo n d and , who was changed to a stag ( Acha , the

a n d ia n An i . sun , eon , , , the sun) Further compounds may be in the words Zur - iel . found ‘ ‘ - z u r - el - ’ Beth , 7w5x Eli , w m Eli jah , n nm Ahiah , ’ ‘ ’ - - n N l H J a h o a As ah iah , Ajah , Jah , Jehu ( ) mm; ’ An - a ia h - - el Jael , r Jah Jah azi , § Elihu ,

- - ia h Joel Mor iah , a mountain , Azar , Seraiah , Zer u bb a b el - a b - el B a b l- o n - el , Jaaz Ar , king of y , Ari

“ - Al- o r - u s H - SN - ieh d n , R , fil Ar eli “ Ar Aria e (Adoni , Aawm - - - S - a b - ellia n s S — a v - ) , As ahel , Ash bel , E sh baal , , elios , su n Ab elio s su n -a elio s n the , , the , B fi , the sun , Sa il and Au sil - El a n d J - , the sun ; Saul , Sol , Soleil , the sun , ah

- leel . , a Bible name

The Selli were the priests of Jove at Dodona , called ‘ “ In El- is En o t . also the ( Helli) Greece , was the ” Holy Land . Greece ( Hellas) is called Elisha in the oe Bible . The connection of the Ph nicians with Ionia

was most intimate ; yet the Hebrew name of Greece ,

- - (V ( I o n ) is translated Javan . This is n o t remarkable i in in so d stant a nation as the Hindus , but countries oe a nd near together , as Palestine , Ph nicia , the Ionian it n coast, would be stra ge if the Greek name should m fin d a n d n not be used , ore especially as we Elion Elo , n in oe a n d ames of the chief god Ph nicia , Elion El , or a Il- ll - - il Eli in Jud ea , ion , Troy ( is El) , Ach illes ( Ach ) , a n d other names that have apparently the s a me compo h a sitio u which we have been describing . T m yru s in - a n d a a Homer resembles Baal Tamar, T mar, the n me of

- m ia h . 22 . u es . 1 8 21 . T Neh e 1 C o n . VII. 13 . J dg iv , x 1 hr

1 . 2 K n n . 14 . enes s s . 25 2 Chro . xx ll G i xlv "I i g xv . 20

. Ani A a princess in the Bible Neptune is , p , Adon ;

- - - ed o n A . In fin d Sar p is Asar p Adan the Bible we Padan ,

- - the name of a place ; Dardan u s is Adar Adon . Ias and

J a n O n su n . h ( ) are names of the Combined , t ey make - a n d - o n Jas oh , the leader of the Argonauts , Jas , a Chris tian mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles . find a m - l- a We a Hebrew J ech , lso Melech , a name of M ilich u s fire- su n Am - a l- a k Moloch or , the ; , the Ama lekites u , compo nds of Am (or Jom , meaning day) , El

‘ Ak Ya u k - ch - (Bel) , and (the Arabian god ) ; Mal iel , the M - a l- - name of a person , achi , the prophet, Malach bel , or

- - Baal Moloch . We have Abi Melech or Abimelech in M elech et - a m . m s Al. the Bible , the wife of Mar Moloch , a nd Adra m m e- el . ech , lech , or Adar re - - b - fi . C . Melech , names of Assyrian gods Also y ele , a goddess

- Malchi Zedek was priest of the most high God , the

Elon or Elion of the Phoenicians , and dwelt in Salem , In the ancient Jerusalem . Assyria , the priest bore the n a me of the god to whose service he was attached . Perseus was the name of the priest of Mithra a n d the

Persian god . So the Hebrew priest Eli bears the name ’ o d . of his g , Eli or El David s seer or prophet was called " m su n - Gad , fro Achad , the . Uri jah , the priest, has the fire - a n d s u n - - name of the god the god united . Eli j ah , ” “ m a n d the man of God , is named fro Eli Jah , two ’ names of the Hebrew God ; Oded , the priest s name , is

su n . Adad , the Ezra , the priest, has the name of Azar,

- a . Asar, or Ahur , the sun ” - Besides the Shining Bar of the Assyrian bas reliefs ,

s u n - o a n d the god Abar is the R man jubar, a sunbeam , the su n - name or epithet of the Egyptian monarchs as

— su n a o h s . B a r sons of the , Phar We have also , the a n Ab a rs Ab a r ti Afa rti name of Arab tribe , the , , or , a in people the northern part of the Persian Empire , and ” - su n a n d - - it is Per seus , the , Persia (or Abar As ia) , the d su n . fin land of the We the name of a Jewish writer, - - el Abar ban , contains the three deity names El , Aban , Asn a b a r a nd . Abar , the name of a district, city , or ’ a nd - n - a er place in Assyria , As p p , a man s name , are

- - - As An ( o r S u n ) Abar . It is a compound of the same

” “ - C o m a e th e c en o f Ga d Nu mb . x . th e B b e n a m es p r hildr , ; i l Acca d a nd B a a - a d th e Get- a e o s the e m a n o a nd th e Pe s a n K o a l g , ( G th ) , G r G tt, r i h d . 21

- Z i v order as Sandan ( San Adan , Adonis , j ) , the Assy H er cu les - a e rian sun , as , whose name is but a Greek Ph n Asa r a c n icia softening of Sarak or , the great deity of the Assyrians . H is S therefore a compound of Sarak E 1 Ph ce n icia n su n - and , the and Semitic god , would be erco l H , the Etrurian name of Hercules , who is also in n icia - t . called Archal Abar is the priest Abar is , - A r - Av r -il - es the Trojan Par is , p ilis , , months , Apri and U a h r - a n d b p is , kings of Egypt, E er, the patriarch of the

E b ra io i . , or Hebrews Abar, the shining sun , is com Ak fire Kh - e er pounded with , the god , in p , the Egyptian - fin d C h name of the Creator su n . We a river eba r m entioned in E z ekielf a nd the name C h ep a r = h a a m monai , in the eighteenth chapter of Joshua . With “ n K- ebir these we may compare Sulta , meaning Fire ” G h - eber fire - C - a bir i Sultan , , a worshipper, the seven , the a n d Ph ce n icia “ spirits of fire light of , the seven great ” ‘ G - a br - gods of the Eastern World , iel , one of the C - - - es a n d h eh r . a seven archangels , , king of Egypt J cob “ Ak fire - su n A is a com pound of , the , and p or Ab , the ” f su n . The same n am es dif erently compounded give

- - B acch u s . Further compounds are Caphtor (a name w c Ak A Ad Ar of the island Crete , hi h is , , , , and ) p . “ ” Ai u t- Ak A a n d Coptos or g p os , Egypt, which is , p , ” - “ Ad ; or Kah Ptah , the land of Ptah . Other com pounds of Abar are Britomartis , a name of Diana ,

- e - - - Per s p h o n e a n d Pr oser pi n e . - - - A a d A - r r e . Britomart is is Abar Adam ( t m is , Diana)

a a n d An i. Persephone is Abar, As ph , Proserpina is a - su n Ab r, Asar, the Assyrian chief god , and Aban , the . in - Abar is found Iber ia , the land of Abar, the sun , - - a k - - - c Ber iah , Bar , and Bar uch , Ber ech iah , whi h is Abar “ Ach - Iah (the sun Iao with four faces) : The Shining ” ” a nd An i n Bar, the Ki g , of the Assyrian inscriptions , in n - nna u seem to have united formi g Var , the Hind Sat d o a n d - n o f nd . fi o a urn , the g Heaven Light We Ver in - n a o n a - Italy , Var , the Bl ck Sea , the Var ani , a people a n d Va r of Bactria , the river ff named from the god T a n a is Bar, just as the river D o n (or ) is named from su n T a n a is = n the Adan , his goddess Athena ( Mi erva) , in and Adana , the name of a province Asia Minor .

- In B a r z . We have the Bible illai , a person ( Abar and

C a . . e es a nd h p x i V rr Va rro . 22

- - Azel , SIR, or Asel or Sol , As iel and Sol omon ( Amon ,

- h . a n a Jewis king) We have also Par , a place , Beor, a ’ - Phre - in man s name , Baal peor, , the sun god Egypt, - - - Pr-i- e a nd El . n e Phar par, a river, Par ah , a European An i a - sa is town , is Abar and ; Pr sa , the modern Bur , fin su n . d Abar (Bar) and As (the ) We Paarai , Beeri , - Pr Beri , Bible names ; Bera , king of Sodom , the Trojan ia m - a br - , and a city of Cal ia , in Italy , named Bari ; also B - u n d u siu m S - ba r - E u re a n r , y is , cities , p , Italian name of E ir- u s Apollo , Pur, the Greek word for fire , p , a country,

fire- - Epher, a Hebrew name , the Persian altar Pyr ethon , ” h n “ the word pyre , whic , softe ed , is fire , the German feuer , and the French foyer. a n d O n su n Compounds of As , Ar, (names of the ) a re esh - a r - nn S - o r- - u s J , the land of Moses , ah , the deity S - u r- a ni name , the , a people north of the Caucasus , the -ic - o n a H - - a n a nd Saron Gulf, Sharon (or Sar ) , ar Beth in . a n d O n horon , names of places the Bible Ar give Ur - a n - - a n - os , or Our os Heaven , or Saturn , which is - -u s E l- S h a d d a i Seth uran , the , Sadi , Set, or Seth of Gene - - ern u m n o w - er sis , Seth os , a king of Egypt) ; Sal ( Sal

- - no) is Sol uranus . We have Ir ene , the Empress ( Ar

- Ani a n a . and ) , also Aur , a place in Arabia fire- Ak Ur- a n - Ag, the god , comp ounded with os , gives “ ” “ - K - ro n - Ekron , whose god was Baal zebub , os , the ” su n Ak - - O n - u i beaming , a name of Saturn ( Ar ) , Car , a d O - r- a n Ak a n c in . people of Italy , , a district Palestine , fire- E r- compounded with the god Ar, gives ech , a part of ’ - - Nimrod s kingdom , and the Bible name Jer icho . We K - u r s u n have also , a name of the Kur, a - u s KW- u s Ku - IO S river, Cyr ( ) , the Persian king, p meaning “ ” in - es n lord Greek , Cher , ki g of Egypt , Kore , the - io - name of a Hebrew, the Roman Cur , Kur eta (the in b island Crete) , Achor, the name of a valley the Bi le , - — Aca r - n - a n d Ch or the island Cor cyra ( Kur Kur) , ania n - n - assa , countries ; the Bible ame of a place , Gur baal su n - a n d Kho r - en e C r (two names) , the proper names , y C r - il a n d a nd . ene , y (El Kur) Other compounds of the fire- god Ag are C h - esil Ac - - A u Ak ( Orion) , usil aus , gni , the Hind god of fire ( a n d Ani su n n D - a 6 n , the , the Lati Ignis , g , s u n - n in Ph oeni the god represe ted with the tail of a fish , “ ” O d - a co n th e m a n -fish cia , , Babylonian , Coni , a fortress 23

in C ln u n Piedmont, Chon , Chaon , or Chiun ( j ) , a name in a n d of Saturn Africa , Palestine , Arabia , the deity

- - m - a d - Baal chon , the Bible na e Guni , Jam agni, a Hindu “ ” - m d n a su n . deity ame (Jama or Jom , eaning the y , the ) a - e l ‘ We h ve the p atriarch Pel g , of the Bib e ( Apel and - a k - a k - i ni- a n s Ag) , Bal (Baal or Abel ) , the Pel g , a peo - - - e o n -u s E in a a n d ple of Italy , the Pel agoni ans , Tel g , g ,

- o n is . The g Here we distinctly have the Latin Ignis , fire , a nd . Agni , the Indian god of fire a nd n Aban is the sun , a Persian ame of a month .

- - - L E l . u s aban ( Aban) is a patriarch in Genesis Even , a Grecian king, is the name Aban . Pan , the Roman su n - - es t n icia n god , Phan , the deity , Venus (the sun a n d Va n goddess) , the name of Lake , follow as a matter Al- - of course . Aban is seen in apeni and Sal apeni , iAb a n people of West Arabia , in Jabin ( ) , a king of

- - - - a a n in B e n . Re Can , the Hebrew jam in , Eben ezer, uben ’ Phre ( Aban) . Ra , Re , and are Egypt s names of the J ew - -el sun . We have the Abar ban , the Hebrew name

- n - E l- Ish pan , a compou d similar to Esh baal and paal Pen - T h - es ( Pallu , Apollo) , Abana , a river, eus , a river of

- - - Pni el Pen . saly , and uel , Bible names

- - - - H . H We have Beth aven , a Bible name , av an or a v ani , a god of the Persians , the Hindu Ven , meaning the a n d Va n - sun , Vena , the moon ; iah , a Hebrew name , Va n - - the Sanskrit as pati , Pati meaning ruler (rulers n su n a n d a ciently were sons of the ) , Bani Beon , Bible a n d - - ba n names , Byon , king of Egypt, Neb ushas , an “ b ” . a n Assyrian name Neb is Nebo ( Mercury) , is Aban

(or Pan , the sun) . h a d Us s is the name of Aurora , the blushing awn . a n d i The words As ( Ush) Ar ( Ur) , both mean ng sun or a nd fire , are very much interchanged , just as Adar Asar, n o ne two ames of the same deity , are put for the other.

- Tyre in Ph oenicia is called Sur by the Turks . Assyr ia “ ” “ ” A h - is t u r ia . Ur changes to As in the Latin verb U ssi Us to burn , Uro , which in the perfect is , supine

- - tum . The Aur elian family were anciently the Au selii Au il - s . a n (from , the sun) So Ush asa is in Persia d

- Hindustan the dawn ; in Italy it is Aur ora , in Lith a -ra - ania it is Auss (compare Auz ara , an ancient city on in E os 6 the Euphrates) , Greece it is , Doric A s , and

Eolic Anos . Compounded with Ina (the sun) we have 24

- - in a d m the Persian Ush as , the go dess of the orning .

- - - - . A As s . Aur ora is Ar Ar Ush as is Ush Ush , or , With “ As - is these com p are the Arab god Asas , , a solar Mer 7ra 6 3 0 9 su n - cury, p p of the god at Edessa , Zeus (Jupiter) , a n d - n Zia , Ziz , Aziza , Bible ames , Aziz , the Dev(il) of

- - - a z . the Zend avesta , Jahaz , a Hebrew , Ah , a king Is is , n s u n O sir -is S - - the Egyptia wife of the ( ) , is era , of the S - - er - es - h Bible , is , king of Egypt , Isa iah ( being a soft - - a k a n n Ozias , Uzziah , Jos iah , Shish , Egyptian ki g, a n d S - - thr - u s Xisu thru s is y ( , the Babylonian Noah) , a nd whose name is probably a compound of Asis Adar,

- t h e su n . S and fire gods We have also usa , a city of S - - a n a in S - - S - - u s -u s usi , Persia , os is , a Syracusan , os , Asi , d a Z e - s - a n u . a poet, the Laced emonian name of , Si os It fe was a principle of ancient mythology, that the male forms a n essential part of the conceptio n of th e

in . deities . They are found pairs The Greeks , Romans , and other nations did not hesitate to pair those of

f . dif erent names together Venus is the wife of Vulcan , u Is but she bears the name of Pan . J no the spouse of - of Jup iter, yet she has the name the Etruscan deity,

Jonn If they were paired according to their names , we should have

Mana , the Oscan goddess i Amon , the sun , Manes , of b rth .

Minos , M e n i , the Babylonian

Venus .

hea , the Earth goddess .

m ie T a f the moon .

Hecate , the moon .

M elech et.

- A . p ia ( Greece) , the Earth

Ops , the earth .

Ava , Eva (Eve) , the Earth . (a S u n

Evia .

Aue , a meadow ; Io , the

lIIO O Il.

a nd J o h Aia , the Earth , , the

moon , in Egypt .

T a mie is b o th ma sculine a nd feminine. 25

" su n . As , the , Zeus , Sios , Asia - Ishi , l

Assur, the sun , Assyria . d Airth a Ara , the sun , Jared , Erde ( Gothic ) , the

- Earth , Arit imis . mi A . Iom (day) , the sun , , Maia , Mai , May , the Earth

Jama , Jami , the Earth .

11 . , Ila , the Earth

Ad , Aida , Ida , the Earth . Ak - - , Fire god , the sun , Ach aia ( Greece) , the Earth .

- Adam , Dem eter, Earth goddess . - n Adonis , Tana is , Dia a , Earth god

dess . An u k e The Egyptian , the

Earth . An a k o s , the sun , T h e Babylonian Onka , the Inachus , goddess of Chaotic Mat

ter .

Ven (sun) , Vena , the moon , a Hindu

word .

- - es u s . Pan , Phan , Aven (sun) , Ven , the Earth goddess

- u s . Jan , the sun , Jana

Jonn , Juno . - u s - a Uran , Saturn , Urani , celestial Venus . h ea v Asar ( Ahura) , Hera (Juno , queen of e n

z . A ar , Azara ' in Asher (Baal , the sun) , Ashera , Baal s goddess

Israel .

Asis (sun) , Isis , the Earth goddess . d - A ad (sun) , Tit aea , the Earth . l- u s - - e Si en (a Sun Bacchus) , Selen , the moon . Hephaestus (fire - god of

- fire . Greece) , Vesta, Roman goddess

Apollo (sun) , Pallas .

a . P les ( Androgyne) , Pales , goddess of cattle

Cora , the Earth . su n - es co m 85 0 . Kur (the ) , Cer , goddess of ,

Charis , wife of Vulcan .

’ 4“ Com a e th e B b e- n a m es Uz A z -a elU z z -elEl- uz a a a z - za h Eli- a s s p r i l , , i , i , J , i , - - D on usos th e o d s s a n d th e a b a n ei es Asa s a n d Aluz z a . i , g A i , Ar i d ti

a 1 6 . T H o se ii . 26

’ ’ a l io n E u re . D eu c a l s e p ( Ab r) , Ap ol o s name Pyrrha , wif .

- d fire su n . A ar (the ) , Terra , the Earth

- - e su n a . Ju p it r (the god) , Terr , the Earth n su n - Tal (the Assyria god , T a la io s in - u s . Crete) , Tell , the Earth

r We have thus collected words of various count ies , a n d divided them into the monosyllabic a n d dissyll a bic a - n mes of sun gods , of which they are compounded . It ought to cau se no more surprise to fin d the god - names of Mesopotamia spread to the remotest extremities of

Europe or to Hindustan , than to remark the resemblances n i the languages of mankind from India to Ireland . in en et r in S a n The Latin word genitor is Greek g n , krit a n ita r in en teo ir “ s . g , Irish g The words I am are ” in 1 s m 1 in in old French , , old Prussian , esmi ; Doric ” “ Is In Greek, esmi or emmi ; in Sanskrit, asmi . He is ’ in in Sanskrit asti ; Greek , esti ; in Zend , asti ; Darius s a st a in in ~ G erm a n in inscriptions , y ; Latin , est ; , ist ; ” “ in French , est . The Latin do (or dare) , to give , is i a a Egyptian Ta ; in L thuanian , Dumi ; in Sanskrit, D d i h Did o m i in - in mi ; Greek , ; the Hebrew , Na than ; the

Arabian , Ata (a gift) ; in the old Persian , Tatam , the

p articiple (given) in the new Persian , Dih and Dadan , to h in G in in g ive . Fat er is othic Fader ; German , Vater ; Pa t r L in . atin , Pater ; Greek , n ; in Sanskrit, Pitar Boy ' s Nied erb reta n a o th ra in ( ) p , in Sanskrit putra , Latin in puer, Greek pais (pronounced pois) . Seven is the b Gothic sibun , the German sie en , the Hebrew seba , the L se t ni atin septem , the Lithuanian p y , the French sept, h e ta h a ta sa ta the Greek p , the Zend p , the Sanskrit p and s a ta n Ar sa b a tu n -e- p , the abic , the Ethiopian saba tu , ‘ - a n d the Egyptian shash fe or sa s f. Thus it is evident that there w a s a communication of ideas between all parts of the ancient world ; language

overflowed from o ne mouth to another . Babylo n lay o n the Euphrates surrounded by a rtifi

c ia l a nd s . canals , mi tress of two great rivers She was b n a etwee Assyria , Persia , India , Egypt, Palestine , Asi

Minor, and Europe . The Bible assigns to her the chief “ ” a first- in r nk a m ong the cities . She was the born a n d a re point of time . From Europe India names brough t back to her as the source from which they 27

" in s prung . Second mother of mankind The human tellect was cradled in her arms as she sat amidst her many waters . Her Magi went out , like the Apostles of

Christ, bearing to other nations her languag e , her relig ion , her philosophy , her civilization . Like the Assyrian , “ the waters made him great ; the deep set him up on high with her rivers running round about his plants , and li ” sent out her ttle r iver s unto all the trees of the field .

Pa e 4 g , Ph oenician origin yet they are gene so t ransformed to suit the pronunci a tion th e Greek language that th ey may also b e trans ' b u in i e b t d rent . lated y it , a fi sen s e Gr o tefcnd o n th e o es Le en - o o f th Ea s ld t g d p etry e t .

D M . Z e sc t d er . . l v o . . 81 1 it hrif G p . 1 l 7 b f Ae io s . , line , read D oric e ore 7 2 1 Aid T dens , , Aides , oneus , D ido , y Tim 0 thens e theus , Teos , Prom Asm o dens den s m o dius (Semo ) , Har (Herm es) T he S a a n d s lia Ve ding . 7 B io m D iemshid J a m s m , ed , , or hid , A mi sh a dd a i ema i W , Zurishaddai , Jer , "ei a m i a m 85 h dd amoun , El , El El S a a i. " : 1 9 run fo r T ux . , read 3 1 1 k . . l. , Thamus (Amon) Rinc , Rel d He l ,

1 6 4 224 . t o f , A hamas King Theb es . 1 2 l T h rita i e ra , last ine , the H ndu d ity , He mith , 85 N rs King ofAtesh , the o e god Thor r . 1 4 1 9 b , line , Bagir , the Ara ian deity . 1 6 3 9 a k fr t e . , , Aph has , (t en om Suida ) 1 7 3 3 Ao to lia a n d El- to la d , , , Attila , .

1 8 3 1 J er 0m b a . , , a l Jair ' 7 11 3 1 em 13 ema i. , , Jer Jer

' J elu sa lem Azal iah .

' J elem oth Shel 0m ith .

Sol o n Ani a m.

- Sol 0 m o n N a o mi. 23 Ab elio s in a a b eli , Cretan , Pamphyli , B a lr o bb a b A i b e J e b b a l. os the Sun , (B el , 2 9 T h e Sa n skr tD ev a Ged c a n a , i , , stand lso H f n . a u D M . . r t a d . Ba . 7. o G , p ries king g , ’

1 N b . . 22 l3 6 A r r . xxx 1. , e at p , ine , gu , P ov , ‘ ‘ ’ 2 6 t a fter Va ria s . , inser pati , a name ofAgni 3 Airth e Arm a iti a , ; add , the old Persi n

Earth goddess ; Artemis . 25 b N u th e S u n Neriene , ottom , arayana (Vishn , ) ,

wife of M ars . o d E v e The Oscan g Iiv , Eva (

- u s Abi . Jove , Jevo , Evi , Emother Earth ) ‘ l- 25 b r ea d Uz z a fo r A u Lu z G en . x x , ottom , zza ( , x v ,

- - E f i l 2 6 ta o r t . 6 El U e . , uza , zzi ) Page , Ata (a gif )

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