Investigating the Effect of Browsing on Brown Hairstreak
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Schaus' Swallowtail
Bring this image to life: Schaus’ Swallowtail see reverse side for details Heraclides aristodemus ponceanus Florida Museum 3D Butterfly Cards Inspiring people to care about life on earth The critically endangered Schaus’ Swallowtail (Heraclides aristodemus ponceanus) is a large, iconic butterfly found in South Florida. Historically, the butterfly inhabited dense upland forests called tropical hardwood hammocks from the greater Miami area south through the Florida Keys. Habitat loss and fragmentation over the past century have led to severe population declines and range reductions. Today, Schaus’ Swallowtail is restricted to only a few remaining sites in the northern Florida Keys, making it one of the rarest butterflies in the U.S. and our only federally listed swallowtail. Although small numbers occur on Key Largo, the main population resides on islands in Biscayne National Park. Because recent surveys indicate extremely small numbers of butterflies throughout its range, the risk of extinction is thought to be very high. Collaborative conservation and recovery efforts are underway for the Schaus’ Swallowtail. They include regular population monitoring, captive breeding, organism reintroduction and habitat restoration. • Download the Libraries of Life app from the iTunes or Android store and install on your device. • Launch the app and select the Florida Museum icon. • Hold your mobile device camera about 6 inches away from card image. • View specimen and click buttons to view content. Cover photo by: Jaret Daniels The Florida Museum of Natural History is a leading authority in biodiversity and cultural heritage, using its expertise to advance knowledge and solve real world problems. The Florida Museum inspires people to value the biological richness and cultural heritage of our diverse world and make a positive difference in its future. -
Butterfly Anatomy [Online]
02 July 2015 (original version 01 January 2014) © Peter Eeles Citation: Eeles, P. (2015). Butterfly Anatomy [Online]. Available from http://www.dispar.org/reference.php?id=6 [Accessed July 2, 2015]. Butterfly Anatomy Peter Eeles This paper contains a condensed summary on the anatomy of the imago (adult), ovum (egg), larva (caterpillar) and pupa (chrysalis). Many of the features discussed on this page are referred to from the taxonomy section of the UK Butterflies website since they are used in butterfly classification. Imago The body of the adult butterfly is comprised of 3 segments - head, thorax and abdomen. The eyes, antennae, proboscis and palpi are all positioned on the head. The legs and wings are attached to the thorax. The reproductive organs and spiracles are part of the abdomen. All of these features are discussed in detail below and the illustrations below provide an overview of the majority of these features. Chequered Skipper (Carterocephalus palaemon) Photo © Pete Eeles Eyes The head contains a pair of compound eyes, each made up of a large number of photoreceptor units known as ommatidia. Each ommatidium includes a lens (the front of which makes up a single facet at the surface of the eye), light-sensitive visual cells and also cells that separate the ommatidium from its neighbours. The image below shows a closeup of the head of a Pyralid moth, clearly showing the facets on the surface of the eye. A butterfly is able to build up a complete picture of its surroundings by synthesising an image from the individual inputs provided by each ommatidium. -
Civil Parish of CROWHURST EAST SUSSEX BIODIVERSITY AUDIT
Crowhurst Biodiversity Audit Wildlife Matters 14 May 2020 iteration Civil Parish of CROWHURST EAST SUSSEX BIODIVERSITY AUDIT By 1 Dr John Feltwell FRSB of Wildlife Matters Chartered Biologist Chartered Environmentalist on behalf of: Crowhurst Parish Council (CPC) © John Feltwell Drone footage of village 2018, looking north © John Feltwell Flood of 6 March 2020, looking north 1 Feltwell, J. Local naturalist who has lived in the area for 40 years, and who wrote ‘Rainforests’ in which there is a chapter of ‘Global Warming’ see illustrated chapter in www.drjohnfeltwell.com. He has also been the volunteer Tree Warden for Crowhurst for over two decades. Report No. WM 1,343.3 14 May 2020 © Wildlife Matters 1 Supplied to the CPC by Dr John Feltwell of Wildlife Matters Consultancy Unit on a pro bono basis Crowhurst Biodiversity Audit Wildlife Matters 14 May 2020 iteration Background, This Biodiversity Audit has been produced for the ‘Crowhurst Climate & Ecological Emergency Working Party’ (CCEEWP) as part of their commitment to Rother District Council (RDC) since declaring their own Climate Emergency in September 2019.2 The CCEEWP is a working party of Crowhurst Parish Council which declared the following resolutionat their meeting on 21st October 2019 ‘Crowhurst Parish Council declares a climate and ecological emergency and aspires to be carbon neutral by 2030 taking into account both production and consumptions emissions’. The CCEEWP Working Document: Draft of 1 Nov. 2019 is working to the above resolution: One of its aims was ‘to encourage and support the community of Crowhurst to increase biodiversity.’ The Crowhurst Parish Council (CPC) had already published their ‘Environment Description’ within their Neighbourhood Plan3 in which one of their stated aims under ‘3.4 Environmanet and Heritage’ was ‘Policy EH3 To protect and enhance the biodiversity, nature and wildlife in the village.’ Aims The aims of this Biodiversity Audit is thus to set a baseline for the parish on which data can be added in the future. -
Peña & Bennett: Annona Arthropods 329 ARTHROPODS ASSOCIATED
Peña & Bennett: Annona Arthropods 329 ARTHROPODS ASSOCIATED WITH ANNONA SPP. IN THE NEOTROPICS J. E. PEÑA1 AND F. D. BENNETT2 1University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 S.W. 280th Street, Homestead, FL 33031 2University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology, 970 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL 32611 ABSTRACT Two hundred and ninety-six species of arthropods are associated with Annona spp. The genus Bephratelloides (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) and the species Cerconota anonella (Sepp) (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) are the most serious pests of Annona spp. Host plant and distribution are given for each pest species. Key Words: Annona, arthropods, Insecta. RESUMEN Doscientas noventa y seis especies de arthrópodos están asociadas con Annona spp. en el Neotrópico. De las especies mencionadas, el género Bephratelloides (Hyme- noptera: Eurytomidae) y la especie Cerconota anonella (Sepp) (Lepidoptera: Oecopho- ridae) sobresalen como las plagas mas importantes de Annona spp. Se mencionan las plantas hospederas y la distribución de cada especie. The genus Annona is confined almost entirely to tropical and subtropical America and the Caribbean region (Safford 1914). Edible species include Annona muricata L. (soursop), A. squamosa L. (sugar apple), A. cherimola Mill. (cherimoya), and A. retic- ulata L. (custard apple). Each geographical region has its own distinctive pest fauna, composed of indigenous and introduced species (Bennett & Alam 1985, Brathwaite et al. 1986, Brunner et al. 1975, D’Araujo et al. 1968, Medina-Gaud et al. 1989, Peña et al. 1984, Posada 1989, Venturi 1966). These reports place emphasis on the broader as- pects of pest species. Some recent regional reviews of the status of important pests and their control have been published in Puerto Rico, U.S.A., Colombia, Venezuela, the Caribbean Region and Chile (Medina-Gaud et al. -
Report on the Butterflies Collected from Chongqing, Shaanxi and Gansu
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Atalanta Jahr/Year: 2016 Band/Volume: 47 Autor(en)/Author(s): Huang Si-Yao Artikel/Article: Report on the butterflies collected from Chongqing, Shaanxi and Gansu, China in 2015 (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea, Hesperoidea) 241-248 Atalanta 47 (1/2): 241-248, Marktleuthen (Juli 2016), ISSN 0171-0079 Report on the butterflies collected from Chongqing, Shaanxi and Gansu, China in 2015 (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea, Hesperoidea) by SI-YAO HUANG received 30.III.2016 Abstract: A list of the butterflies collected by the author and his colleague in the Chinese Provinces of Chongqing, S. Shaanxi and S. Gansu in the summer of 2015 is presented. In the summer of 2015, the author accomplished a survey on butterflies at the following localities (fig. A): Chongqing Province: Simianshan, 4th-9thJuly. Shaanxi Province: Liping Natural Reserve, Nanzheng County: 12th-14th July; Danangou, Fengxian County: 31st July; Dongshan, Taibai County: 1st August; Miaowangshan, Fengxian County: 2nd August; Xiaonangou, Fengxian County: 3rd-5th August; Zhufeng, Fengxian County: 5th August. Gansu Province: Xiongmaogou, Xiahe County: 16th-18th July; Laolonggou, Diebu County: 20th July; Meilugou, Die- bu County: 21st July; Tiechiliang, Diebu County: 22nd July; Lazikou, Diebu County: 23rd July; Tiangangou, Zhouqu County: 25th-26th July; Pianpiangou, Zhouqu County: 28th-29th July. A checklist of butterflies collected from Chongqing, Shaanxi and Gansu in 2015 Hesperiidae Coeliadinae 1. Hasora tarminatus (HÜBNER, 1818): 1 † 7-VII, Simianshan, leg. & coll. GUO-XI XUE. Pyrginae 2. Gerosis phisara (MOORE, 1884): 1 †, 6-VII, Simianshan. 3. Celaenorrhinus maculosus (C. & R. -
Poleward Shifts in Geographical Ranges of Butterfly Species Associated with Regional Warming
letters to nature between 270 and 4,000 ms after target onset) and to ignore changes in the distractor. Failure to respond within a reaction-time window, responding to a change in the distractor or deviating the gaze (monitored with a scleral search Poleward shifts in coil) by more than 1Њ from the fixation point caused the trial to be aborted without reward. The change in the target and distractors was selected so as to geographical ranges of be challenging for the animal. In experiments 1 and 2 the animal correctly completed, on average, 79% of the trials, broke fixation in 11%, might have butterfly species associated responded to the distractor stimulus in 6% and responded too early or not at all in 5% of the trials. In Experiment 3 the corresponding values are 78, 13%, 8% with regional warming and 2%. In none of the three experiments was there a difference between the Camille Parmesan*†, Nils Ryrholm‡, Constantı´ Stefanescu§, performances for the two possible targets. Differences between average eye Jane K. Hillk, Chris D. Thomas¶, Henri Descimon#, positions during trials where one or the other stimulus was the target were Brian Huntleyk, Lauri Kaila!, Jaakko Kullberg!, very small, with only an average shift of 0.02Њ in the direction of the shift of Toomas Tammaru**, W. John Tennent††, position between the stimuli. Only correctly completed trials were considered. Jeremy A. Thomas‡‡ & Martin Warren§§ Firing rates were determined by computing the average neuronal response * National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, across trials for 1,000 ms starting 200 ms after the beginning of the target Suite 300, Santa Barbara, California 93101, USA stimulus movement. -
The Lesser Purple Emperor, Apatura Ilia: from Mimesis to Biomimetics
Faraday Discussions The Lesser Purple Emperor, Apatura ilia: from mimesis to biomimetics Journal: Faraday Discussions Manuscript ID FD-ART-03-2020-000036.R1 Article Type: Paper Date Submitted by the 27-Mar-2020 Author: Complete List of Authors: Schenk, Franziska; Birmingham City University, School of Art Stavenga, Doekele; University Groningen, Computational Physics Page 1 of 18 Faraday Discussions 1 The Lesser Purple Emperor butterfly, Apatura ilia: from mimesis to biomimetics 2 3 Franziska Schenk1,* and Doekele G. Stavenga2 4 1 School of Art, Birmingham Institute of Art and Design, Birmingham City University, 5 Birmingham, U.K. 6 2 Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, the 7 Netherlands 8 * E-Mail: [email protected] 9 10 Abstract. Until now, hues as dynamic as those adorning the Apatura Emperor butterflies have 11 never been encountered in the painting world. Unlike and unmatched by the chemical pigments 12 traditionally found on the painter’s palette, the Emperor’s wings are studded with strongly 13 reflecting iridescent scales that are structured like those of the iconic morpho butterflies. The 14 scale ridges act as diffractive multilayers, giving rise to narrow-band reflectance spectra. All 15 scales together create a vividly purple iridescent wing colouration that is observed within a 16 narrow angular range only. Recently, synthetic structures analogous to the multilayer reflectors 17 found on butterfly wings have been developed, referred to as effect pigments. Artists can obtain 18 vital clues on how to adapt and adopt these challenging new materials for painting, by tracing the 19 origin of biomimetics back to the ancient concept of mimesis and building on the knowledge 20 accumulated by optical studies. -
Term Review of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 in Relation to Target 3A – Agriculture
Service contract to support follow-up actions to the mid- term review of the EU biodiversity strategy to 2020 in relation to target 3A – Agriculture Final Report 19th June 2017 Funded by European Commission, DG Environment In collaboration with 2 Disclaimer: The arguments expressed in this report are solely those of the authors, and do not reflect the opinion of any other party. The report as a whole should be cited as follows: Siriwardena, G. and Tucker, G. (eds) (2017) Service contract to support follow-up actions to the mid-term review of the EU biodiversity strategy to 2020 in relation to target 3A – Agriculture. Report to the European Commission, Institute for European Environmental Policy, London. The following individual chapters should be cited as follows: Chapter 2: Siriwardena, G and Pringle, H (2017) Development of a methodology for the assessment of potential agriculture-related drivers on the status of habitats and species. In G Siriwardena & G Tucker (eds) Service contract to support follow-up actions to the mid-term review of the EU biodiversity strategy to 2020 in relation to target 3A – Agriculture, pp 25-48. Report to the European Commission, Institute for European Environmental Policy, London. Chapter 3: Pringle, H, Koeble, R, Paracchini M L, Rega, C, Henderson, I, Noble, D, Gamero, A, Vorisek, P, Škorpilová, J, Schmucki, R, Siriwardena, G, Allen, B, and Tucker, G (2017) Review of data sources and preparation of a metadatabase. In G Siriwardena & G Tucker (eds) Service contract to support follow-up actions to the mid-term review of the EU biodiversity strategy to 2020 in relation to target 3A – Agriculture, pp 49-60. -
Characteristics of Family Pieridae (Lepidoptera) in Tehsil Tangi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Arthropods, 2016, 5(2): 65-76 Article Characteristics of family Pieridae (Lepidoptera) in Tehsil Tangi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Haroon, Farzana Perveen Department of Zoology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University (SBBU), Main Campus, Sheringal, Dir Upper (DU), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan E-mail: [email protected] Received 11 February 2016; Accepted 20 March 2016; Published online 1 June 2016 Abstract The butterflies are the most beautiful and colorful insects of the world. Which attract most of the animals for their food easily available. The present research were conducted at Tehsil Tangi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during August 2014 to May 2015. The family Pieridae were collected with the help of insects net and naked hands. A total of 8 species and 6 genera were collected, i.e., Common or lemon emigrant, Catopsilia ponoma Fabricius; Mottled emigrant, Catopsilia pyranthe Linnaeus; Clouded yellow, Colias fieldii Fabricius; Common grass yellow, Eurema hecabe Linnaeus; Eastern pale clouded yellow butterfly, Colias erate Esper; Indian cabbage white, Pieris canidia Sparrman; Indian little orange tip, Colotis etrida Boisduval; Pioneer white or African caper white, Belonias aurota Fabricius. Aims of the present research the characteristics of butterfly fauna from Tehsil Tangi, are helpful in awareness, education and further research. A detail study is required for further exploration of butterflies’ fauna of Tehsil Tangi. Keywords butterfly; characteristics; Tangi; Pieridae. Arthropods ISSN 22244255 URL: http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/arthropods/onlineversion.asp RSS: http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/arthropods/rss.xml Email: [email protected] EditorinChief: WenJun Zhang Publisher: International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 1 Introduction The butterflies are the most beautiful and gorgeous insects and have captivated human fancy and imagination through plant life cycle (Borges et al., 2003). -
The Purple Emperor in Upper Thames 2004-2013
The Purple Emperor in the Upper Thames Region 1 2004–2013 Dennis Dell part i: observations Introduction This iconic species, Apatura iris has held lepidopterists in its thrall for over 100 hundred years. In 1857, the following poem, entitled ‘How to catch an Emperor’, appeared in the Journal of Entomology: High on his leafy throne, Seated in purple state, The Emperor rules alone, Superior to fate. Longing collector, go– Thy net is all too short: Kings are not taken so: Put up with humbler sport. Solomon in his glory, Admired of Sheba’s Queen, As runs the sacred story, In virtue sat serene; But sinful sweets subdued him, And filthy lust o’ercame, Try muddy pools and sugar, And thou shalt find the same. These days, of course, with our powerful binoculars, digital cameras and zoom lenses, we have no need to tempt His Majesty down from his lofty perch! Even earlier (1810), the poet Crabbe wrote: There is my friend the weaver; strong desires Reign in his breast, ‘tis beauty he admires: See! to the shady grove he wings his way, And feels in hope the raptures of the day– Eager he looks; and soon, to glad his eyes, From the sweet bower, by nature formed, arise Bright troops of virgin moths and fresh-born butterflies; Who broke that morning from their half year’s sleep, To fly o’er flowers where they were wont to creep. Above the sovereign Oak, a sovereign skims, The Purple Emp’ror, strong in wings and limbs He fears no bailiff’s wrath, no baron’s blame, His is untaxed and undisputed game. -
The Butterfly Handbook General Advice Note on Mitigating the Impacts of Roads on Butterfly Populations
The butterfly handbook General advice note on mitigating the impacts of roads on butterfly populations working towards Natural England for people, places and nature The butterfly handbook General advice note on mitigating the impacts of roads on butterfly populations including a case study on mitigation for the Marsh Fritillary butterfly along the A30 Bodmin to Indian Queens road improvement scheme Adrian Spalding Spalding Associates (Environmental) Ltd Norfolk House 16-17 Lemon Street Truro TR1 2LS www.spaldingassociates.co.uk ISBN: 1 903798 25 6 This publication was jointly funded by English Nature and the Highways Agency Forward The second half of the last century saw dramatic changes in the countryside of Britain. Our native wildlife continues to be threatened as habitats are damaged or destroyed. Butterflies have probably never been as endangered as they are today following decades of loss of key semi-natural habitats such as flower-rich grasslands. This report is extremely valuable and timely as it concerns an increasingly important habitat for butterflies and other insects. Road verges can help conserve butterflies and other wildlife as they are an opportunity to provide suitable breeding habitats for many species, and provide crucial links between the patches of habitat that remain. Butterflies are highly sensitive indicators of the environment and we know that conservation measures for this group will help many other less well-known components of our biodiversity. Road verges already provide valuable habitats for a wide range of species but this report shows how they can be made even better and contribute an ever more important role in the future. -
Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Eumaeini) with the Description of a Remarkably Overlooked Sibling Species
NEILD & BÁLINT: A new species of Evenus TROP. LEPID. RES., 24(2): 105-120, 2014 105 NOTES ON THE IDENTITY OF EVENUS CORONATA (HEWITSON, 1865) (LEPIDOPTERA: LYCAENIDAE: THECLINAE: EUMAEINI) WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A REMARKABLY OVERLOOKED SIBLING SPECIES Andrew F. E. Neild1 and Zsolt Bálint2 1 Scientific Associate, Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; e-mail: [email protected] ; 2 Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H-1088 Budapest, Baross utca 13, Hungary; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract - The syntypes of Thecla coronata Hewitson, 1865 and holotype of Thecla watkinsi Lathy, 1926 were examined and their identity is discussed. A lectotype is designated for Thecla coronata Hewitson, 1865 in order to stabilise the nomenclature. A new Andean species, Evenus felix sp. nov., is described. Distribution data indicate extensive sympatry of both species in the eastern Andes. We present diagnostic characters for the new species including differences in wing pattern, male modified wing scale patches and genitalic brush organs, and mitochondrial COI DNA “barcode” sequences. A discussion and natural history notes follow for both species. We document adults and their genitalia, and distribution data and maps are provided. Resumen - Se examinaron los sintipos de Thecla coronata Hewitson, 1865, el holotipo de Thecla watkinsi Lathy, 1926 y se argumenta sobre su identidad. Se designa un lectotipo de Thecla coronata Hewitson, 1865 para estabilizar su nomenclatura. Se describe una nueva especie andina, Evenus felix, n. sp. Los datos de distribución indican amplia simpatría entre ambas especies en los Andes orientales. Se presentan los caracteres diagnósticos para la nueva especie incluyendo diferencias en el patrón alar, áreas de escamas modificadas en las alas de los machos, órganos en forma de pincel del aparato genital y secuencias de “barcode” del gen COI de su ADN mitocondrial.