Lex Administratum, Vol. VI/No. 2 /Apr-Jun/2018 88 TUGAS DAN FUNGSI WAKIL PRESIDEN DALAM KEGIATAN PEMERINTAHAN DI INDONESIA1 Oleh

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Lex Administratum, Vol. VI/No. 2 /Apr-Jun/2018 88 TUGAS DAN FUNGSI WAKIL PRESIDEN DALAM KEGIATAN PEMERINTAHAN DI INDONESIA1 Oleh Lex Administratum, Vol. VI/No. 2 /Apr-Jun/2018 TUGAS DAN FUNGSI WAKIL PRESIDEN DALAM presidensial. Bahkan, lebih jauh lagi, kalau kita KEGIATAN PEMERINTAHAN DI INDONESIA1 simak apa yang ada dalam konsitusi kita, peran Oleh: Prisilia Maria Mamesah2 Wakil Presiden hanya dipandang sebagai “ban serep” yang berfungsi jika presiden “mangkat, ABSTRAK berhenti, diberhentikan, atau tidak dapat Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui melakukan kewajiban dalam masa jabatannya. apa Tugas Wakil Presiden dalam melaksanakan Wakil Presiden bertanggung Jawab kepada kegiatan pemerintahan di Indonesia dan Presiden atas dasar wakil Presiden merupakan bagaimana fungsi dari Wakil Presiden dalam pembantu Presiden. melaksanakan kegiatan Pemerintahan di Kata kunci: wakil presiden; pemerintahan; Indonesia yang dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif disimpulkan bahwa: 1. Tugas PENDAHULUAN Wakil Presiden sebagai pembantu Presiden A. Latar Belakang tetap tidak berubah, karena Pasal 4 UUD 1945 Pasal 4 UUD NRI Tahun 1945 merupakan tidak mengalami perubahan. Perubahan yang dasar bahwa kekuasaan pemerintahan negara mendasar terjadi dalam pemilihan Presiden dan dipegang oleh lembaga kepresidenan yang Wakil Presiden, yaitu dalam Pasal 6A ayat (1), terdiri dari dua jabatan yaitu presiden dan wakil yang berbunyi “Presiden dan Wakil Presiden presiden. Keberadaan jabatan wakil presiden dipilih dalam satu pasangan secara langsung dalam sistem presidensial di Indonesia menarik oleh rakyat”. Sejak berlakunya Pasal ini maka untuk dikaji karena mengatur wakil presiden Presiden dan Wakil Presiden tidak dipilih oleh dan presiden. Jabatan wakil presiden sendiri MPR, namun dipilih langsung oleh rakyat sebenarnya tidak dikenal dalam sistem melalui pemilihan umum (Pemilu). Perubahan presidensial murni sebagai pemegang juga terjadi dalam hal masa jabatan Presiden kekuasaan pemerintahan, karena dan Wakil Presiden. Pasal 7 UUD 1945 pemerintahan bersifat tunggal, bukan jamak (Perubahan Pertama) berbunyi: “Presiden dan bahkan terpusat pada presiden.3 Wakil Presiden memegang jabatan selama lima Akan tetapi dalam negara-negara yang tahun, dan sesudahnya dapat dipilih kembali menganut sistem presidensial, jabatan wakil dalam jabatan yang sama, hanya untuk satu kali presiden dipandang perlu adanya. Gagasan masa jabatan”. Menurut ketentuan tersebut mengenai perlunya keberadaan jabatan wakil Presiden dan Wakil Presiden hanya bisa presiden dapat dilihat pada saat para menjabat secara berturut-turut paling banyak pembentuk UUD NRI Tahun 1945 menawarkan dua kali. Perubahan juga terjadi pada Pasal gagasan tentang masalah jumlah wakil presiden 8.Adanya perubahan pada Pasal 8 UUD 1945, dalam rancangan UUD NRI Tahun 1945 yang maka semakin jelas kedudukan Wakil Presiden. dibacakan pada tanggal 13 Juli 1945 yang Adanya pembagian kekuasaan antara Presiden berbunyi: Pasal 4 ayat (2): Dalam melakukan dan Wakil Presiden, sehingga Kalla berperan kewajibannya, Presiden dibantu oleh satu besar di eksekutif. Presiden menangani politik, orang atau dua orang Wakil Presiden. Pasal 4 hukum, keamanan, dan Kalla menangani ayat (3): Jika ada 2 orang Wakil Presiden, maka masalah ekonomi. Padahal, konstitusi kita sama susunannya adalah Wakil Presiden I dan Wakil sekali tidak memperkenankan itu. 2. Fungsi, Presiden II. 4 Berpijak pada pasal rancangan wakil presiden sangat tergantung pada UUD NRI Tahun 1945 tersebut, selanjutnya keinginan presiden dan kinerja wapres disepakati bahwa rumusan Pasal 4 UUD NRI tergantung pada kemampuan dan kemauan Tahun 1945 baik sebelum maupun sesudah pribadi yang bersangkutan, bukan karena amandemen adalah sebagai berikut: aturan yang baku dan jelas. Secara umum, posisi seorang Wakil Presiden lebih banyak 3 Agus Surono, 2008, Hubungan Presiden dan Wakil dianggap hanya sebagai aksesoris sistem Presiden, Penerbit Fakultas Hukum Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia, Jakarta, hlm 76. 4 Mohammad Yamindala Sekretariat Negara Republik 1 Artikel Skripsi. Dosen Pembimbing: Prof. Dr. Donald A. Indonesia, 1988, Risalah Sidang Badan Penyelidik Usaha- Rumokoy, SH, MH; Leonard S. Tindangen, SH, MH usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (BPUPKI), Panitia 2 Mahasisw pada Fakultas Hukum Unsrat, NIM. Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (PPKI), Sekretariat 15071101273 Negara Republik Indonesia. Jakarta, hlm 201. 88 Lex Administratum, Vol. VI/No. 2 /Apr-Jun/2018 Pasal 4 ayat (1): Presiden Republik Indonesia Wakil presiden akan sebagai orang pertama memegang kekuasaan pemerintahan menurut jika presiden berhalangan. Pengertian Undang-Undang Dasar. Pasal 4 ayat (2): Dalam ”dibantu” akan tetap berlaku selama presiden melakukan kewajibannya Presiden dibantu oleh masih berfungsi, tetapi kata ‘dibantu’ akan satu orang Wakil Presiden.5 hilang jika presiden berhalangan tetap dan wakil presiden tampil kedepan sebagai B. Rumusan Masalah pengganti presiden sampai habis masa 1. Apa Tugas Wakil Presiden dalam jabatannya jika presiden menyerahkan jabatan melaksanakan kegiatan pemerintahan di kepresidenan baik pengunduran diri atau Indonesia? halangan dalam menjalankan tugas seperti 2. Bagaimana fungsi dari Wakil Presiden misalnya mengalami kematian saat menjabat dalam melaksanakan kegiatan presiden. Hal-hal yang berkenaan dengan Pemerintahan di Indonesia? kekuasaan tertinggi untuk memerintah angkatan darat, laut dan udara, menyatakan C. Metode Penelitian perang, negara dalam keadaan bahaya serta Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam membuat perjanjian dengan negara lain, menyusun skripsi ini ialah metode penelitian mengangkat dan memberhentikan duta atau yuridis normatif atau studi kepustakaan (library konsul ataupun menerima duta/konsul negara research). lain, memberi grasi, amnesty, abolisi, rehabilitasi, gelar, tanda jasa, dll, tidak PEMBAHASAN dibicarakan dalam proporsi wakil presiden, Wakil Presiden merupakan jabatan yang kecuali bila wakil presiden memang sedang ditemukan pada negara yang berbentuk memperoleh haknya.7 Republik. Demikian juga dengan Negara Di masa Orde Lama, seorang wakil Indonesia, yang menganut bentuk presiden lebih banyak sebagai pelengkap. Peran pemerintahan republik ditemukan beberapa dan fungsinya nyaris tak terdengar. ketentuan yang menyebut jabatan Wakil Presidenlah yang menjadi tokoh utama karena Presiden dalam konstitusinya6 memang tak ada ruang bagi seorang wapres Di dalam UUD NRI Tahun 1945 tugas dan untuk memainkan peran. fungsi seorang Wakil Presiden tak pernah Bahkan Presiden Sukarno selama hampir disebut secara rinci. Konstitusi hanya sepuluh tahun tak memiliki wakil presiden. Hal menyebutkan bahwa, Dalam melakukan itu terjadi setelah Wakil Presiden Mohammad kewajibannya, presiden dibantu oleh satu Hatta mengundurkan diri pada Tahun 1956. orang wakil presiden. Hingga meletakkan jabatan pada Maret 1968, Peran dan fungsi seorang wakil presiden Bung Karno tak memiliki wakil presiden. baru bisa dirasakan bila seorang presiden Saat kekuasaan beralih ke Presiden mangkat, berhenti, diberhentikan, atau tidak Soeharto, situasi tak banyak berubah. Seorang dapat melakukan kewajiban dalam masa wakil presiden juga tak memiliki ruang untuk jabatannya. Tak heran jika kemudian muncul menjalankan fungsi dan perannya. Padahal anggapan bahwa seorang wakil presiden hanya selama 32 tahun menjadi presiden, Soeharto sekadar ‘ban serep’. tercatat memiliki sejumlah wakil presiden. Kedudukan seorang wakil presiden juga Seperti Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX, Adam tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan presiden sebagai Malik, Umar Wirahadikusumah, Sudharmono, satu kesatuan pasangan jabatan yang dipilih Try Soetrisno hingga BJ Habibie. secara langsung melalui pemilihan umum. Baru setelah reformasi seorang wakil Karena itu kedudukan wakil presiden jauh lebih presiden bisa sedikit leluasa menjalankan fungsi tinggi dan lebih penting dari jabatan menteri. dan peran. Hal itu terjadi saat Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur)-Megawati Soekarno Putri menjadi presiden dan wakil presiden. 5 Pasal 4 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. 6 Mochtar Isnaeni Ramdhan, Jabatan Wakil Presiden 7 Titik Triwulan Tutik, Konstruksi Hukum Tata Negara Menurut Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia, Sinar Grafika, Indonesia Pasca Amandemen UUD 1945, Prenada Media Jakarta, 2015 Grup, Jakarta, 2010. 89 Lex Administratum, Vol. VI/No. 2 /Apr-Jun/2018 Saat itu Megawati adalah Ketua Umum PDI 3. Pasal 7 perubahan Pertama UUD NRI Perjuangan yang memperoleh 34 persen suara Tahun 1945, masa jabatan dan dalam Pemilu 1999. Sementara Gus Dur yang periodisasi yang sama antara kedua memimpin PKB hanya bermodal suara jauh di pejabat tersebut, yakni 5 tahun dan bawah PDI Perjuangan. sesudahnya dapat dipilih kembali untuk Melihat fakta itu muncul wacana agar satu kali masa jabatan; sebagai wakil presiden, Megawati diberikan 4. Demikian juga dengan sumpah atau janji peranan yang lebih luas dan vital. Sempat jabatan yang dirumuskan dalam redaksi muncul usulan agar Gus Dur menjadi Kepala yang sama antara Presiden dan Wakil Negara, sementara Megawati sebagai Kepala Presiden (Pasal 9 ayat (1) Perubahan Pemerintahan. Namun usul ini ditolak oleh Gus Ketiga UUD NRI Tahun 1945). Dur karena dianggap inkonstitusional. 5. Bahkan Wakil Presiden Republik Jalan keluarnya adalah lembaga Indonesia menggantikan Presiden jika kesekretariatan di bawah wakil presiden Presiden mangkat, berhenti, diperkuat. Melalui lembaga kesekretariatan diberhentikan atau tidak dapat wakil presiden dan kekuatan PDI Perjuangan di melakukan kewajibannya dalam masa parlemen, Megawati bisa menjalankan peran jabatannya sebagaimana diatur dalam dan fungsi penting sebagai orang Nomor 2 di Pasal 8 ayat
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