FINNINGLEY QUARRY EXTENSION, (Phases 25, 26, 27, 29 & 30) FINNINGLEY, SOUTH YORKSHIRE AND MISSON, NOTTINGHAMSHIRE
An Archaeological Desktop Assessment for Lafarge Aggregates Ltd
Authors: L.Elliott, L.Platt & Peter Webb
2012 (Revised 2013) © Trent and Peak Archaeology
Code: FME
North Nottinghamshire and Finningley 1610
Trent & Peak Archaeology © Unit 1, Holly Lane Chilwell Nottingham NG9 4AB 0115 8967400 (Tel.) 0115 925 9464 (Fax.)
Trent & Peak Archaeology is a trading name of York Registered Office: A Company Limited by Guarantee Archaeological Trust Registered Charity in England and 47 Aldwark, York YO1 7BX Without Share Capital Registered Wales (No. 509060) and Scotland (No. SCO42846) in England No. 1430801 Finningley Quarry Extension 2012
SUMMARY This report comprises an assessment of the archaeological potential for the proposed areas of extraction at Finningley Quarry in line with best practice recommended within the National Planning Policy Framework Section 12 (March 2012). The five proposed extensions fall within the parishes of Finningley, South Yorkshire (phases 26, 27, 30 & part of 29) and Misson, Nottinghamshire (Phase 25 & most of 29). Phase 28 to be crossed by the haulage route to the plant site (and the subject of previous evaluation), also lies in Finningley parish, South Yorkshire.
One designated heritage asset listed on the South Yorkshire SMR (SMR01832) comprising three flints and one heritage asset listed on the NMR (320789) comprising thirty flints lie within phase 26 of the proposed extension.
No heritage assets listed on the Nottinghamshire HER are present within the proposed extension phases.
Within the wider study area of the existing quarry and adjacent areas a number of heritage assets or themes were assessed as holding significant archaeological potential, necessitating further consideration.
Phase 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 Intermittent archaeological monitoring of gravel extraction in order to identify organic Ipswichian sediments in the underlying Older River Gravel forms an on-going part of the scheme of treatment within current phases of the quarry. The potential for such rare remains to be present in the proposed extension phases continues to be applicable.
Phase 27, 28 and 29 Silt and Clay covers phases 27, 28 and 29. Formed during the Dimlington Stadial when human activity was intermittent or ceased altogether, past fieldwork indicates it to be devoid of palaeoenvironmental material. These low-lying areas have been subject to little human activity until the 17th century and subsequent drainage. Archaeological potential within these phases is therefore thought to be low and likely to be limited to the features of 17th century date or later (e.g. brick production located on the edges of the deposit).
Phase 26 Older Blown Sand covers most of phase 26. Reworking of the sand may have resulted in the burial of former land surfaces. The archaeological interest for this free-draining material also partly lies within its attraction for prehistoric activity. This is evident from the flint recovered at NMR 320789 and SMR01832, which at c.340m apart suggests potential widespread significant prehistoric activity on the Older Blown Sand in phase 26. The extent of this activity and whether it is limited to flint scatters in the topsoil or in-situ pits and other deposits is currently unclear. Settlement activity may have continued into the Iron Age/Romano-British periods as evident from the extensive remains excavated in the adjacent phase 20, which may extend southwards.
Further features related to regionally significant 17th-19th century rural brick production excavated in the adjacent phase 20, may also extend into areas of phase 26.
Phase 25 and 30 Deposits of both Peat and Alluvium are present in the northern parts of phase 25, while peat is also recorded across phase 30 to the south of the plant site. The archaeological interest for these deposits lie mostly with the possible survival beneath them of well-preserved buried land surfaces, which may possess significant anthropogenic activity and palaeoenvironmental remains of Mesolithic to Bronze Age date. During 2001 seven Neolithic flints were found by previous fieldwalking evaluations in phase 30, possibly emanating from surfaces below the peat or the adjacent terrace.
A large part of phase 25 is covered by deposits of the First Terrace which may have attracted significant prehistoric to Late Iron Age/Romano-British activity. Similar remains (from cropmarks, finds and excavations) are widespread on the adjacent Older River Gravel suggesting the exploitation of such large peripheral areas of the First Terrace may have occurred during these periods.
On the west edge of phase 25, 19th Century map evidence indicates the former existence of a c.21m x 10m rectangular extraction pit. This may indicate brick production similar to the significant examples identified and excavated in phase 20. The current state of preservation of this feature and whether further pits or features are present is unknown.
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FINNINGLEY QUARRY EXTENSION, (Phases 25, 26, 27, 29 & 30) FINNINGLEY, SOUTH YORKSHIRE AND MISSON, NOTTINGHAMSHIRE
An Archaeological Desktop Assessment for Lafarge Aggregates Ltd
Authors: L.Elliott, L.Platt & P.Webb
2012 (Revised 2013)
CONTENTS
List of Figures
1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………..5 1.1. Site Background………………………………………………………………………………….5 1.2. Geology/Topography…………………………………………………………………………….5
2. METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………………………………………5 2.1. Assessment Methodology………………………………………………………………………5 2.2. Report Structure…………………………………………………………………………………6
3. PLANNING POLICY STATEMENTS RELATING TO ARCHAEOLOGY…………………….7 3.1. National Policy…………………………………………………………………………………….7 3.2. Local Policy South Yorkshire…………………………………………………………………….8 3.3. Local Policy Nottinghamshire……………………………………………………………………9
4. GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL..………………………………………………………11 4.1. Background………………………………………………………………………………………11 4.2. Older River Gravel………………………………………………………………………………11 4.3. Silt and Clay……...………………………………………………………………………………11 4.4. Older Blown Sand.………………………………………………………………………………11 4.5. Peat and Alluvium…………………………………………………………………………….…12
5. CULTURAL ARCHAEOLOGCIAL POTENTIAL………………………………………………13 5.1. South Yorkshire- Finningley (Phase 26,27,28,30 and part of 29)…..………………….13 5.2. Prehistoric………………………………………………………………………………………..13 5.3. Romano-British…………………………………………………………………………………..13 5.4. Medieval …………………………………………………………………………………………14 5.5. Post Medieval……………………………………………………………………………………15 5.6. Nottinghamshire – Misson (Phase 25 and 29)……………………………………………16 5.7. Prehistoric………………………………………………………………………………………..16 5.8. Romano-British Period……………………………………………………………………….…16 5.9. Medieval Period………………………………………………………………………………….17 5.10. Post Medieval Period……………………………………………………………………….…17
6. CONCLUSIONS…………………………………………………………………………………...19
7. DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE/REFERENCES CONSULTED……………………………….21
APPENDIX A: South Yorkshire List of SMR/NMR sites………………………………………25
APPENDIX B: Nottinghamshire List of HER/NMR sites………………………………………26
APPENDIX C: List of Aerial Photographs ……………………………………………………...27
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List of Figures
Figure 1: Plan of the Study Area showing proposed extensions (25-27, 29, 30) and existing phases (20-24,28). Scale 1:10,000.
Figure 2: Plan of proposed extensions showing, HER, SMR and NMR data and cropmarks (blue), extension areas hachured, previous evaluated quarry areas outlined, plus underlying superficial geological deposits. Scale 1:10,000.
Figure 3: Cartographic evidence showing site and approximate location of phases.
Figure 4: Results of Fieldwalking (MAP 2001) in previous areas of the quarry (Areas A-G). Scale 1:6000.
Figure 5: Views of proposed extension phases during walkover survey.
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Site Background 1.1.1. This report provides a desktop assessment of the archaeological potential for land incorporated within the proposed extension phases 25, 26, 27, 29, 30 for Finningley Quarry, total area c.75.5ha (Figure 1). Also discussed is phase 28 the subject of previous evaluation.
1.1.2. These lie to the north, east and west of the existing consented extraction phases 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 of Finningley Quarry.
1.1.3. Phases 26, 27, 28 lie to the north of Fifty-eights Road, within Finningley parish, South Yorkshire. Additionally, phase 30 and the north part of phase 29 also lie in the same parish to the south of the plant site.
1.1.4. To the south of Fifty-eights Road phase 25 and the majority of 29 lie within Misson Parish, Nottinghamshire (Figures 1-3).
1.1.5. Previously Finningley lay within the historic boundary of Nottinghamshire, but now lies within the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster within South Yorkshire.
1.1.6. Both areas of the existing quarry within Nottinghamshire and South Yorkshire have been subject to archaeological schemes of treatment, with various pieces of fieldwork being conducted (see sections 2 & 7).
1.1.7. The wider study area of the assessment incorporates the proposed and consented phases as well as considering evidence within a 1.5-2km radius (centred on SK690 985).
1.2 Geology/Topography 1.2.1. The study area overlies bedrock of the Nottingham Castle Sandstone Formation incorporating several elements of superficial geology (BGS: Geological Solid and Drift Survey Sheet.88). These include the Older River Gravel, Silt and Clay, Peat, Older Blown Sand and Alluvium (for further details see section 4).
1.2.2. Topographically much of the study area is low lying, with Silt and Clay forming a wide band passing north-east across the study area at c.7m-8m OD. It is bounded to the north and south by Old River Gravel lying at the slightly elevated levels of c.15m to 20m OD. During the walkover survey slight rises in the ground level were observed between the Silt and Clay/Gravel interface at the east end of the study area within phase 25.
1.2.3. The Gravel Terrace is conducive to cropmark formation. Although none are recorded within the study area several sites are recorded both to the north and south. These include those first published by Riley (1980, 98-99). Those to the north centred on SK683390 comprise an enclosure approached from the north-west by a lane 5m wide (Riley 1980, 98). To the south centred on SK691974 cropmarks typical of Romano-British date, formerly existed (prior to quarrying), comprising three enclosures with traces of field boundaries (HER), while centred on SK 700976 there was a wide lane from which extended several field boundaries.
2. METHODOLOGY
2.1 Assessment Methodology The archaeological potential of the study area was assessed using the following methods.
Nottinghamshire HER and South Yorkshire SMR The Historic Environment Record (HER) held by Nottinghamshire County Council and the South Yorkshire Sites and Monuments Record were consulted for any relevant data for the study area including recent fieldwork reports. The details of nine heritage assets for South Yorkshire (Appendix A) and nine (including one listed building) for Nottinghamshire (Appendix B) within 1.5km centred on SK690 985, were observed within the vicinity of the study area.
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National Monument Record Database (National Mapping Programme) and Heritage Gateway Information from the English Heritage database of archaeological sites (comprising over 400,000 records including Pastscapes and the National Mapping Programme plots of archaeological sites from air-photographs) along with other heritage evidence held on the on- line Heritage Gateway were consulted. In total fifteen heritage assets recorded by the NMR were consulted covering both Misson and Finningley. Most of these were found to be present on the HER and SMR.
Air Photographs Indices of air-photographs held in the collections of Trent & Peak Archaeology and English Heritage National Monument Record (NMR) for the grid squares SK6899, SK6999, SK6798, SK 6898, SK6998, SK6897 and SK6997 were consulted; along with any evidence held within Nottinghamshire County Council HER and South Yorkshire SMR. A total of 26 oblique and 100 vertical aerial photographs for areas surrounding the study area are held by the NMR (Appendix C). Although no cropmarks are recorded for the new extensions examples exist on the river gravels both to the north (SMR 02009/01) and south (HER-L5092, L5093, L5094, L5095) of the study area (Appendix A & B).
Documentary & Cartographic Sources A rapid search was made for relevant published works, maps and documents relating to the parishes of Misson and Finningley held at the University of Nottingham Hallward Library and East Midlands Collection, the Trent & Peak Library and of all local maps up to 1800 held by the Nottingham Archive Office.
Field Inspection The Study area was subject to a rapid field inspection. This was carried out on 30/10/12 when the majority of fields were found to contain varying degrees of vegetation coverage, preventing the observation of surface finds. Notes and photographs were taken to record conditions and any visible features of archaeological significance (Figure 5).
Geological Information (Boreholes) The geological data recorded by the British Geological Survey (survey sheet 88), a geoarchaeological augur survey data conducted within the quarry in 2001, and various archaeological reports for adjacent quarried areas were studied for relevant geoarchaeological information.
2.2 Report Structure
Section 1. Introduces the study area
Section 2. Outlines the assessment methodology and report structure.
Section 3. Summarises relevant national and local planning policy.
Section 4. Reviews the geoarchaeological potential of the study area.
Section 5. Reviews the cultural potential of the study area.
Section 6. Summarises and highlights the findings of the survey.
Section 7. Lists the principal documentary and cartographic references consulted in the preparation of this report.
Appendix A. Lists the relevant heritage assets on the South Yorkshire SMR.
Appendix B. Lists the relevant heritage assets on the Nottinghamshire HER.
Appendix C. Lists the relevant aerial photographs held by the NMR.
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3. PLANNING POLICY STATEMENTS RELATING TO ARCHAEOLOGY
3.1. National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) 3.1.1. In March 2012 the Department for Communities and Local Government published the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF). This replaced PPS5: Planning for the Historic Environment.
3.1.2. Section 12 of NPPF (Conserving and enhancing the historic environment) states; Local planning authorities should set out in their Local Plan a positive strategy for the conservation and enjoyment of the historic environment including heritage assets most at risk through neglect, decay or other threats. In doing so they should recognise that heritage assets are an irreplaceable resource and conserve them in a manner appropriate to their significance (para.126)..
3.1.3. In regard to planning applications paragraph 128 states; Local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance.
3.1.4. In submitting applications; As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary.
Where a site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and where necessary a field evaluation.
3.1.5. In determining planning applications it is recommended that in regard to Designated Heritage Assets,
Substantial harm to or loss of a grade II listed building, park or garden should be exceptional. Substantial harm to or loss of designated heritage assets of the highest significance, notably scheduled monuments, protected wreck sites, battlefields, grade I & II* listed buildings, grade I & II* registered parks and gardens, and World Heritage Sites, should be wholly exceptional (para.132).
Where a proposed development will lead to substantial harm to or total loss of significance of a designated heritage asset, local planning authorities should refuse consent, unless it can be demonstrated that the substantial harm or loss is necessary to achieve substantial public benefits that out weight that harm or loss (para. 133)..
Non-designated Heritage Assets.
In weighing applications that affect directly or indirectly non-designated heritage assets, a balanced judgement will be required having regard to the scale of any harm or loss and the significance of the heritage asset (para. 135).
3.1.6. In regard to applications it recommends to local planning authorities that
They should also require developers to record and advance understanding of the significance of any heritage assets to be lost (wholly or in part) in a manner proportionate to their importance and the impact, and to make this evidence (and any archive generated) publicly accessible (para 141).
In addition note 30 states - copies of evidence should be deposited with the relevant Historic Environment Record, and any archives with a local museum or other public depository.
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Note: - In NPFF Annexe 2.
Heritage assets = A building, monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest. Heritage asset includes designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority including local listing.
Designated heritage assets = a world heritage site, scheduled monument, listed building, protected wreck site, registered park and garden, registered battlefield or conservation area designated under the relevant legislation.
Archaeological interest = There will be archaeological interest in a heritage asset if it holds, or potentially may hold, evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point. Heritage assets with archaeological interest are the primary source of evidence about the substance and evolution of places and the people and cultures that made them.
Significance (for heritage policy) = The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. That interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting.
3.2. Local Policy: South Yorkshire
3.2.1. Local policy is covered by Doncaster Council Core Strategy adopted May 2012 which is the first part of the Local Development Framework for Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council. It provides a planning framework for 2011-2026. The strategy recognizes ‘’the historic environment is important not just for its own sake but is central to the character and identity of the borough,’’ and ‘’seeks to ensure that heritage assets are safeguarded or enhanced for the future.’’
Policy includes;
Policy 15: (Valuing Our Historic Environment) Doncaster’s historic environment will be preserved, protected or enhanced in accordance with the principles set out below. A) Proposals and initiatives will be supported which preserve and, where appropriate, enhance the heritage significance and setting of the borough’s heritage assets, especially those elements which contribute to the distinct identity of the borough.
B) Proposals will be supported which protect or enhance the heritage significance and setting of locally identified heritage assets such as buildings of local architectural or historic interest, locally important archaeological sites and parks and gardens of local interest.
3.2.2. To this can be added the saved policies (after September 2007) of the Unitary Development Plan. These saved policies will remain until replaced formally by the Local Development Framework. The Development Plan notes (5.148) that there are over 2000 archaeological sites and finds in the Doncaster Borough. Known sites are recorded on the SMR which developers are advised to consult prior to applications.
Relevant policies within chapter 5 include;
ENV 36 - Where the information about the archaeology of a site is insufficient to determine a planning application, the applicant will be required to provide an archaeological evaluation of the site to the satisfaction of the Borough Council.
The plan indicates (5.150) the aim of the evaluation would be to determine whether; 1. the importance of the archaeology is such that planning permission should be refused, or if possible, the application amended to remove the threat; or 2. arrangements should be made for the preservation of the remains in-situ; or
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3. the site should be recorded prior to its destruction; or 4. no further action is necessary.
In determining an application the following policies are saved within the plan.
ENV 37- Development which would have a significant adverse affect on an archaeological site of national importance (whether scheduled or not) its character or its setting will not normally be allowed.
In determining development proposals affecting sites of local archaeological importance, the desirability of preserving the site and its setting will be an important consideration.
ENV 38- Where development is to be allowed which would impinge on an archaeological site, planning permission will, depending upon the importance of the site and opportunities for preservation, be subject to: a) Conditions to ensure preservation of the archaeology in situ and/or b) Conditions to ensure an adequate record of the site is made by an archaeological body approved by the borough council.
3.3. Local Policy: Nottinghamshire
3.3.1. Within Nottinghamshire, the relevant County Council’s local policy is covered within the Minerals Local Plans adopted December 2005. It has a plan period extending to 2014. The New Minerals Local Plan to cover provision up to 2030 is still under the process of public consultation.
3.3.2. The following summary and policy regarding archaeology is contained in the Minerals Local Plan (adopted December 2005):
There are over 8500 archaeological sites and historic features in Nottinghamshire currently registered on the County Sites and Monuments Record. Archaeological sites or remains also include ancient river channels (palaeochannels) and alluvial (river borne) or colluvial (surface wash, downhill slope movement) deposits. The preserved organic remains and geomorphological structures within these deposits provide critical evidence about the context and effects of post-human settlement and land use. It is unlikely that the known archaeological resource will be the limit and there is a high probability that proposals for mineral extraction will affect known archaeological sites or areas of archaeological potential.
PPG 16, sets out the national approach to archaeology. The first part of this is to preserve Scheduled Ancient Monuments and their settings. Mineral extraction will not normally be permitted at such sites. In addition the CBI’s revised Code of Practice for mineral operators on archaeological investigations provides advice on how mineral operators should consult archaeological interests in formulating planning applications.
The need for preservation in situ of other sites and remains will be assessed upon their importance and the impact that their loss would have upon the overall archaeological resource in the County. Although preservation of archaeological sites is a primary objective, it is clearly impractical to preserve them all. Equally sites should not be destroyed without careful consideration and treatment. The second part of this approach is to ensure that, where preservation in-situ is not feasible, sites are surveyed, excavated or otherwise appropriately recorded. These provisions can only be assessed after the archaeological characteristics of proposed sites have been evaluated. An appropriate scheme of treatment must then be agreed, with the County Council.
It follows that archaeological constraints must be identified and addressed at the earliest possible opportunity, and ideally well before the planning application stage, if delays are to be avoided. With full prior discussion, a scheme of
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treatment covering all issues can be submitted as part of a planning application to be secured through simple conditions and/ or a legal agreement with the minimum of delay. Arrangements for funding may need to be incorporated into planning obligations.
Policy M3.24 Archaeology Planning permission will not be granted for minerals development which would destroy or degrade nationally important archaeological remains and their settings, whether scheduled or not. Planning permission will only be granted for development which would affect archaeological remains of less than national importance where it can be demonstrated that the importance of the development outweighs the regional or local significance of the remains and where appropriate provision is made for the excavation and recording of the remains.
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4. GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL
4.1. The superficial sedimentology present within the proposed extensions and adjacent areas comprises several elements including Older River Gravel, First Terrace, Silt and Clay, Peat, Older Blown Sand and Alluvium (BGS Geological Solid and Drift Survey Sheet.88).
Older River Gravel 4.2.1. To the south of the study area in the neighbouring parish of Austerfield, sediments assigned to the Ipswichian Interglacial (130,000 BP-117,000 BP) have been recorded at a depth of 3.5m within the Older River Gravel. Associated with these were nationally significant pollen and insect remains providing evidence for a marsh bound lake surrounded by temperate woodland (Gaunt et al 1972). Human activity has not been identified during this period, while evidence of flora and fauna remains rare (Knight & Howard 2004).
4.2.2. A geoarchaeological augur survey conducted in 2001 within the current consented phases of the quarry identified the presence of sand and gravel as the lowermost facies and attributed them to the Older River Gravel, with the potential for the discovery of similar Ipswichian organic sediments (Gearey & Chapman 2001, 13).
4.2.3. Archaeological monitoring of gravel extraction in order to identify such remains forms an on-going part of the scheme of treatment within current phases of the quarry. Although organic remains have yet to be identified in the current phases, the potential for significant remains to be present in the proposed extension phases continues to be applicable.
4.2.4. Both to the north and south of the study area the free draining sand and gravels of the Older River Gravel have attracted extensive late prehistoric/Romano-British settlement as evident from widespread cropmark activity (Appendix A & B, Riley 1980) and excavation in phase 20 (MAP 2008).
4.2.5. Within the proposed phase 25, sands and gravels of a c.200m wide area of First Terrace, lying at a slightly higher level to the Silts and Clays to the west within the existing phase 22, may have also attracted similar late prehistoric/Romano-British activity including field or enclosure ditches and pits. The absence of cropmarks cannot be taken as an absence of features, as the formation of the former may be affected by localised soil conditions.
Silt and Clay 4.3.1. The low-lying Silt and Clay as a unit is present across the whole of phases 27, 28, 29 and parts of 25. This deposit has been identified by fieldwork as a probable extension of the `25 foot drift’ present over much of the Vale of York below an elevation of 7.6m (Howard 1996, Gearey & Chapman 2001). It comprises lacustrine silts, clays and sands deposited by the former Lake Humber formed by ponding when the late Devensian ice sheet blocked the Humber gap impounding the glacial outwash from the Rivers, Trent, Idle, Torne, Don, Aire, Ouse, Derwent and Ancholme (Van de Noort & Ellis 1997; Gearey & Chapman 2001).
4.3.2. This process occurred during the Dimlington Stadial of c.25, 000 to 13,000 BP, with the ice sheet reaching the maximum extent between c.22,000 and 18,000 BP. By c.11,000 BP the glacial Lake Humber had apparently silted up, while climatic amelioration resulted in the flow once again of rivers across the lacustrine deposits resulting in the formation of the First Terrace (Van De Noort & Ellis 1997, 31-32, 1998,9-11; Howard 2006). During this period human activity either ceased altogether or was intermittent. As a result the archaeological potential of the Silt and Clay is low, while the 2001 geoarchaeological survey failed to identify the presence of any preserved organic or palaeoenvironmental material.
Older Blown Sand 4.4.1. Further climatic deterioration during the Loch Lomond Stadial c.11, 000 –10,000 BP included a return to cold dry periglacial conditions. Due to limited vegetation cover, fine- grained sediments were redistributed by wind to form extensive blankets of Older Blown Sand (Van De Noort & Ellis 1997, 31-32; 1998,11; Howard 2006,26). Where this outcrops from beneath peat this attracted prehistoric activity e.g. Wroot (Van de Noort & Ellis 1997, 333,
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344). The proposed phase 27 is largely covered by Older Blown Sand. Flint finds recorded in phase 26 (NMR320789 and SMR01832) indicate the presence of prehistoric activity, while reworking of the Older Blown Sand may have resulted in the burial and preservation of past land surfaces with the potential for cultural archaeological and palaeoenvironmental (pollen) evidence.
Peat and Alluvium 4.5.1. Lying at the southern edge of the Humberhead levels, historical records note the presence of peat within surrounding areas from which, ‘have been dug’…. `large quantities of ancient trees’…. `often found near the surface,’ (Miller 1804, Raine 1860).
4.5.2. The BGS survey sheet 88 records the presence of peat over a c.400m x 200m area of the north-east corner of phase 25. Peat is also recorded across most of phase 30 to south of the plant site. The exact extent and depth of the peat is unclear along with its current state of preservation as a result of past drainage, agricultural activities and the affects of dewatering from quarrying.
4.5.3. Peat formation in the Humberhead Levels followed the last glacial period with melting ice resulting in rising sea levels. This in turn caused a rising water table in low-lying areas with corresponding peat development and alluviation.
4.5.4. Fieldwork in the region including at Newington Quarry c.4km to the south has dated the peat formation to c.4000 BP, roughly spanning the Bronze Age, Iron Age and Romano-British periods (Van de Noort & Ellis 1997, 9; NAA 2002). This has identified the potential for the preservation beneath peat and alluvium of earlier land surfaces of Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age date, which may posses both significant palaeoenvironmental and cultural archaeological evidence.
4.5.5. This includes earlier dry woodland areas drowned by waterlogging and peat formation (Van de Noort & Ellis 1997, 32). At Newington Quarry a well preserved charcoal rich palaeosol of Neolithic date was identified, that represented a land surface possibly exploited by prehistoric communities (NAA 2002) with the potential for palaeoenvironmental evidence (pollen, plant-macrofossils and insects).
4.5.6. Where peat lies at the current ground surface the palaeoenvironmental potential is limited due to plough disturbance (resulting in truncation and contamination) and desiccation. Basal areas of the peat have the potential to produce palaeoenvironmental evidence for the prehistoric period, although at nearby Newington Quarry the peat itself identified as wet woodland (Alder Carr) was found to have low potential for cultural archaeological remains, with the possible exception of trackways (NAA 2002).
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5. CULTURAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL
5.1. SOUTH YORKSHIRE- FINNINGLEY (Phase 26, 27, 28, 30 and north part of 29)
5.1.1. One designated heritage asset listed on the South Yorkshire SMR (SMR01832) comprising three flints and one heritage asset listed on the NMR (320789) comprising thirty flints lie within phase 26 of the proposed extension.
5.1.2. No heritage assets are currently recorded on the South Yorkshire SMR within the other proposed extension phases. However, within the adjacent wider study area a number of heritage assets and themes are recorded, which were assessed as holding significant archaeological potential, necessitating further consideration. These are summarised below by period.
Prehistoric 5.2.1. One designated heritage asset listed on the South Yorkshire SMR lies within the north part of phase 26. Recorded as part of NMR 320789 it comprises a further find-spot of two flint blades and a barbed and tanged arrowhead (SK691993). The blades are in Doncaster Museum (Acc No.500.65). This find-spot is also recorded on the SMR (01832) along with the flint blade recorded by Magilton (see below). The location of the find-spot on the SMR conflicts with that given by the NMR and Doncaster Museum, instead corresponding with SK69089894.
5.2.2. One heritage asset on the NMR (NMR 320789) is also recorded within phase 26 of the proposed extension. It comprises circa thirty prehistoric flints centred on SK69089894. These include blades, scrapers, a saw and cores. The finds are held by the finder Mr. Wilkinson and were recovered between 1964-74 through fieldwalking. On the same find-spot a single blade is recorded by Magilton (1977, 40).
5.2.3. Both find-spots lie on the wind blown sand suggesting that this area, a large part of which is encompassed within the proposed phase 26, was subject to potentially significant Neolithic to Bronze Age activity. In phase 30 fieldwalking in 2001 also found seven Neolithic flints possibly emanating from below the peat deposits present or gravel terrace to the north.
5.2.4. Further prehistoric evidence comprises settlement remains discovered within existing phases of the quarry, notably phase 20, lying to the north of the proposed extension phases 26 and 27. Remains exposed include an extensive system of ditches and pits of at least Iron Age date, which have been the subject of archaeological excavation and watching-brief (MAP 2008b, MAP2010). The potential attribution of a Neolithic date/function to some of the ditches remains less likely and currently unproven (MAP 2008b). A notable cluster of Iron Age settlement features was present at the south-east corner of phase 20, close to the north edge of the proposed phase 26 (Figure 3).
5.2.5. Significantly all the Prehistoric/Iron Age remains identified are largely limited to the Older River Gravel and Older Blown Sand on the north edge and down the east side of Phase 20 of the current quarry, and do not extend to any significant degree into the area of the low- lying Silt and Clay (such as phase 27 & 28, north part of 29).
5.2.6. Evidence during soil stripping from phase 21 (lying between phases 26 and 27) was limited to an undated pit and ditch on the edge of the Silt and Clay/Blown Sand (MAP 2010), However, it is possible that settlement features similar to those encountered in phase 20 may extend southwards across the more free draining blown sand that lie further back across most of phase 26.
Romano-British 5.3.1. No heritage assets of this period are currently recorded within the proposed South Yorkshire extension phases; however several findspots and sites of this period are present within adjacent phases of the quarry, as well as just outside the quarry suggesting widespread activity during this time.
______13 Finningley Quarry Extension 2012
5.3.2. Find-spots to the west of the quarry found in 1950 along the line of the A614 include Romano-British pottery (SMR00233/01, SMR00234/01) and a bracelet (SMR00962/01), with further finds of pottery (SMR 00963/01) and metalwork (SMR02261/01) lying to the north.
5.3.3. Also to the west around the current plant site (lying on the gravel terrace), a small number of Romano-British pits with significant quantities of pottery (several hundred sherds in pit 1003. MAP 2000b, 5) have been uncovered during recent phases of stripping (MAP 2000b; MAP 2001a). The pits displayed evidence of truncation from ploughing, being as shallow as 0.18m to 0.2m deep (MAP 2001, 6). Further remains included an undated Ash/coal deposit only 0.06m deep, possibly a burnt-out tree-bole (MAP 2001, 6).
5.3.4. On the Gravel Terrace immediately to the north of phase 20 of the quarry lies the cropmark (SMR02009/01) first recorded by Riley (1980, 98). Comprising an enclosure approached from the north-west by a lane 5m wide, this appears morphologically typical of the Late Iron-Age/Romano-British period, possibly part of the brickwork plan field system evident across large areas of North Nottinghamshire and South Yorkshire (Riley 1980, 12).
5.3.5. To the south of the cropmark extensive Romano-British remains were subject to archaeological excavation in Phase 20. These lay immediately to the north of phase 26 and 27. They probably represent a continuation of the settlement activity indicated by the cropmark extending to the edge of the Older River Gravel. Excavated features included a widespread system of ditches, pits, ponds and a formerly wood-lined well (3.25m deep) interspersed with the features of Prehistoric/Iron Age date (MAP2008b).
5.3.6. Few structures were evident while cultural finds were poor being largely limited to coarse-ware pottery with no metalwork (MAP 2008b, 48). Furthermore, environmental evidence was limited to wood charcoal and waterlogged wood, with no seeds, grains, charred plants or animal bone (MAP 2008b, 48, 210).
5.3.7. As with the Prehistoric remains those of Romano-British date are largely confined to the Older River Gravel and Older Blown Sand along the north edge and down the east side of Phase 20. Once again it is possible that similar remains may extend southwards across the blown sand that covers most of phase 26.
Medieval 5.4.1. No heritage assets of this period are recorded within the proposed South Yorkshire extensions, on both the NMR and SMR.
5.4.2. The earliest evidence from this period recorded on the SMR lies c.700m to the north- west of the study area close to the A614 and comprises a hanging bowl and post Roman metalwork (SMR 02261/01), suggesting early medieval activity further back on the Older River Gravel terrace towards Finningley village.
5.4.3. Fieldwalking in the current quarry during 2001 (MAP 2001b) found 3 sherds of medieval pottery in phase 28 and 1 sherd from phase 22 in Nottinghamshire (Figure 4). These are likely to represent a background scatter resulting from manuring of adjacent fields during the medieval period, with the medieval village of Finningley lying c.1.4km to the north-west of the proposed extension phases.
5.4.4. Finningley village is first recorded in Domesday 1086 AD (Morris 1977, 18,3 ). The name is probably derived from fenningaleah meaning ``clearing of the fen-dwellers’’ (Gover et al 1979, 79).
5.4.5. Further evidence of the low-lying watery nature of parts of the parish are evident from other recorded names including Mose 1544 and Le Mese 1545 from the Old English meos, mos ``bog, moss’’ (Gover et al 1979,79), while from Wrotie Croft 1545 the ie of early forms may represent (i)eg, `island,’ ` marshy land.’
5.4.6. The lack of evidence of medieval activity for the area is likely to reflect the low-lying nature of much of the study area comprising the Silt and Clay sediments probably prone to
______14 Finningley Quarry Extension 2012 flooding during this period. During the medieval period such lands were often used in summer for grazing (Lyth 1982, 13). Given the wet conditions possibly present, these fields may have been used as feeding grounds for pigs.
Post-Medieval 5.5.1. No heritage assets of this period are recorded within the proposed extensions in South Yorkshire, on both the NMR and SMR.
Brick Production 5.5.2. Significant excavations have occurred within the north-east corner of phase 20 on several features connected with 17th-19th century brick production. This included extraction pits of 17th/early 19th century date, as well as postholes, pugmills, a brick surface and drains (MAP 2008, 39-45). These were classed as regionally significant by the excavator due to the rarity of excavated examples of post-medieval rural brick production (MAP 2008b, 49).
5.5.3. The location of post-medieval brick production on site was indicated by the former existence of Brick-Kiln Wood on cartographic evidence, which previously occupied the east end of phase 20, on the northside of proposed phase 26.
5.5.4. The excavated brick production features were encountered close to the interface between the Silt and Clay/Older Blown Sand sediments.
5.5.5. A single pit related to brick production was also found during soil stripping in phase 21 immediately to the north-west of proposed phase 26 (MAP 2010). The lack of any other such features further south in phase 21 suggests they are unlikely to extend across the area of Silt and Clay, but remain along the periphery of such sediments. It is possible that similar remains may be encountered on the Older Blown Sand deposits to the south within proposed phase 27.
17th Century Land Drainage 5.5.6. Prior to the 17th century Doubleday claims that ‘owing to the overflowing of the Rivers Idle and the Torne, which were often more like lakes than rivers, Hatfield Chase and this district of North Nottinghamshire were still almost impassable morasses famed for swans, wildfowl, fish and eels,’ (Doubleday 1946b). This would have included eastern parts of Finningley parish.
5.5.7. In 1626 Cornelius Vermuyden was commissioned to carry out a scheme of reclamation for parts of Hatfield Chase. He deepened the River Torne, made dykes and cut new channels to produce new stretches of agricultural land (Doubleday 1946b).
5.5.8. In 1627/1628 Vermuyden purchased the manors of Finningley, Auckley, Blaxton and others with an eye to improve the land, although this was impacted by the civil war (Doubleday 1946b; Van de Noort & Ellis 1997,25).
5.5.9. Cartographic evidence of drained areas in1639 appears to show the modern Fifty- eights Road, which runs through the centre of the study area, with one triangular and five rectangular fields lying to the south now within Nottinghamshire (Figure 3). No field boundaries north of Fifty-eights Road (encompassing phases 26 & 27) within South Yorkshire are shown, suggesting this may have been wasteland.
18th Century Field Enclosure 5.5.10. In 1774 Finningley wasteland was enclosed (White 1885, 129). Much of the modern landscape reflects the divisions shown on the enclosure map with many of the existing north- west to south-east aligned field boundaries running north from Fifty-eights Road (including through the proposed phases 26 & 27), representing surviving field enclosure boundaries.
Finds 5.5.11. Fieldwalking in the current quarry during 2001 found quantities of ceramic building material, post-medieval pottery, clay pipe and other items across phase 20, 21 and 28 (Figure
______15 Finningley Quarry Extension 2012
4). These were attributed to night-soiling or middening of the fields during the 18th/19th century.
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE – MISSON (Phase 25 and 29).
5.6.1. No heritage assets are currently recorded on the NMR or Nottinghamshire HER within the proposed extension phases 25 and 29. However, within the adjacent wider study area a number of heritage assets and themes are recorded, which were assessed as holding significant archaeological potential, necessitating further consideration (Appendix B). These are summarised below by period.
Prehistoric
5.7.1. No heritage assets of this period are currently recorded on the NMR or HER within the proposed extension phases in Nottinghamshire; however several sites and a find-spot of this period are present within areas adjacent to the quarry, suggesting possible widespread activity during this time.
Flint Finds 5.7.2. Between 1964-74 over 30 flints plus two blades and a barbed and tanged arrowhead were found on the blown sand to the north of Fifty-eights Road (NMR320789) within Finningley parish South Yorkshire, c.400m to the north-west of phase 25.
5.7.3. Fieldwalking in the current quarry during 2001 found seven Late Neolithic flints in phase 30 to the north of phase 29. These may emanate from the peat deposits present at this point, possibly from preserved land surfaces beneath the peat. Buried land surfaces of Neolithic to Bronze Age date have been indentified beneath similar peat formation within neighbouring areas including Newington Quarry (NAA 2002).
5.7.4. A further 2 worked flints were recovered from fieldwalking of existing phases within Nottinghamshire. One from phase 22, possibly originating from the blown sand or terrace deposits present extending from phase 25. A second was recovered from phase 24. Three natural flints were also recovered, all are recorded under the same find-spot HER L11983.
5.7.5. Together these flints may indicate the potential for prehistoric activity to be present within the areas covered by peat, first terrace and blown sand deposits, as present across parts of phase 25.
Pottery 5.7.6. Also recovered from fieldwalking in phase 24 were two undated fired clay fragments. On the HER these have been recorded as two sherds of prehistoric pottery (HER L12045). These may have originated from prehistoric activity on the adjacent Older River Gravel.
Romano-British Period
5.8.1. No heritage assets of this period are currently recorded on the NMR or HER within the proposed extension phases 25 and 29; however several sites and a find-spot of this period are present within areas adjacent to the quarry, suggesting widespread activity during this time.
Finds 5.8.2. A find-spot consisting of Romano-British pottery and a beehive-quern recovered in 1965-67 are recorded together (NMR 320786) c.800m to the south of the study area on the Old River Gravel deposits.
Cropmarks 5.8.3. The elevated and free draining soils of the Older River Gravel deposits lying adjacent to the south side of the study area attracted widespread settlement activity during the Romano- British period. This is reflected by the amount of cropmarks prevalent along the gravel
______16 Finningley Quarry Extension 2012 terrace. This includes the four cropmark concentrations recorded on the HER including HER L5092, L5093, L5094 and L5095.
5.8.4. First published by Riley in 1980 (98-99), these comprise features such as ditched enclosures, field boundaries and possible double ditched trackways. As with the cropmarks to the north of the study area, these appear to form part of the widespread brickwork-plan field system evident across large areas of North Nottinghamshire and South Yorkshire (Riley 1980, 12). The Romano-British date for these remains appears to be supported by the excavations carried out in phase 20 (South Yorkshire side) of the quarry.
5.8.5. Given the prevalence of Romano-British activity on the Older River Gravel deposits in both Finningley and Misson parishes, it is possible that similar remains have utilised and extend across the sand and gravel deposits within the proposed phase 26. The absence of cropmarks cannot be taken as an absence of features, as the formation of the former may be affected by localised soil conditions.
5.8.6. The absence of cropmarks on the low-lying Silt and Clay sediments may be due to this material not being conducive to cropmark formation. However, recent archaeological watching briefs conducted in 2009-2012 over phase 22 have shown they do not extend across this material and are unlikely to be present in phase 29 of the proposed extension.
Medieval Period 5.9.1. No heritage assets of this period are recorded within the proposed Nottinghamshire extensions 26 and 29, on both the NMR and HER. Few sites or finds are also recorded within wider study area and areas adjacent to the quarry.
5.9.2. Fieldwalking in the current quarry during 2001 found 3 sherds of medieval pottery in the area (28) to the northwest of phase 29 and 1 sherd from phase 22 HER L12047 (Figure 4). These are likely to represent a background scatter resulting from manuring of adjacent fields in the medieval period, with the medieval village of Finningley lying c.1.4km to the north-west of the proposed extension phases and the medieval village of Misson lying 3km to the south.
5.9.3. The name Misson is probably derived from a possible old river name of Old Scandinavian origin (Gover et al 1979, 87). Misson village is first recorded in Domesday 1086 AD (Morris 1977, 1, 65-66. 9, 21. 30, 43-44).
5.9.4. No evidence exists within the study area of the grange founded within Misson by Mattersey Abbey (Doubleday 1946a).
5.9.5. The lack of evidence of medieval activity for the area (as with the elements of the Finningley phases) is likely to reflect the low-lying nature of much of the study area comprising the Silt and Clay sediments probably prone to flooding or pooling during this period.
5.9.6. No visible earthworks relating to medieval ridge and furrow field systems are visible, while no below ground remains have been observed during fieldwork within the current quarry. During the medieval period such peripheral low-lying lands were often used in summer for grazing (Lyth 1982, 13). Given the wet conditions possibly present, these areas may have been used as feeding grounds for pigs.
Post Medieval Period 5.10.1. No heritage assets of this period are recorded within the proposed Nottinghamshire extensions, on both the NMR and HER.
Finds 5.10.2. Fieldwalking in the current quarry during 2001 found quantities of ceramic building material, post-medieval pottery, clay pipe and other items across phase 22, 23 and 24 (Figure 4). These were attributed to night-soiling or middening of the fields during the 18th/19th century HERL12046 (Figure 4).
______17 Finningley Quarry Extension 2012
17th Century Landscape & Drainage 5.10.3. Cartographic evidence of 1639 (Figure 3) appears to show the modern Fifty-eights Road, which runs through the centre of the study area, with one triangular and five rectangular fields or parcels of land lying to the south within Misson parish (encompassing the proposed extension phase 25).
5.10.4. Some of these field boundaries appear to continue to survive within the modern landscape, the most notable being Fifty-eights Drain which continues as Owl Drain (Old Drain in 1828) running east-west through the proposed extension phase 25.
5.10.5. Creation of these fields follows the drainage reclamation activities of Cornelius Vermuyden during 1626-27 including 500 hectares of common land around Misson (Doubleday 1946b; Van de Noort & Ellis 1997, 25). As such their early 17th century date represents a significant early field enclosure date. Partial below ground remains of a farmhouse at Misson Deep, have been exposed by watching-brief along the south-east edge of phase 22 (subject to proposed further study). Known from cartographic evidence from the early 19th to 20th century, the farm may have originated during the 17th century reclamation activities on the Silt and Clay sediments. No such building remains are known for phase 25 or 29. A single grade II listed building comprising the early 19th century Newlands Farm House (HER 1045073) lies unaffected 400m to the east outside the quarry area.
18th Century Field Enclosure 5.10.6. In 1760 Misson was mostly enclosed (White 1885, 194). Much of the modern landscape reflects the field enclosure divisions supplemented by later drainage schemes, resulting in the subsequent east-west sub-division of the 17th century field boundaries.
5.10.7. By the 19th century a large portion of Misson parish including the study area was described as `very low land, with… many large open drains cut through it,’ (Kelly 1876, 726). Little has changed since.
19th Century Quarrying/Brick Production 5.10.8. Visible on OS maps from 1886 to 1956 is a c.21m x 10m rectangular depression apparently representing a quarried pit. It is located on the west side of phase 25 on the edge of the Silt and Clay. This may represent a clay extraction pit for brick production similar to those excavated in phase 20 and judged to have been of regional significance (MAP 2008b, 49). Of at least 19th century date its absence on early maps should not be taken as an absence of the feature, with such detail often left unrecorded on earlier maps. Since 1956 it is likely to have been filled in to aid agricultural use of the field.
______18 Finningley Quarry Extension 2012
6. CONCLUSIONS
Summary 6.1.1. One designated heritage asset listed on the South Yorkshire SMR (01832) comprising three flints and one heritage asset comprising thirty flints listed on the NMR (320789) are present in phase 26 of the proposed extension phases. These suggest potential prehistoric activity on the blown sands.
6.1.2. No heritage assets are listed on the Nottinghamshire HER within the proposed extension phases.
6.1.3. Several further heritage assets within adjacent areas (including listed on the SMR/HER) as well themes identified within the assessment require further consideration of their archaeological and geoarchaeological potential for the study area.
Phase 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 6.2.1. Intermittent archaeological monitoring of gravel extraction in order to identify organic Ipswichian sediments in the underlying Older River Gravel forms an on-going part of the scheme of treatment within current phases of the quarry. Although organic remains have yet to be identified in the current phases, the potential for such rare remains to be present in the proposed extension phases continues to be applicable.
Phase 27, 28 and 29 6.3.1. Silt and Clay covers phases 27, 28 and 29. Formed during the Dimlington Stadial when human activity was intermittent or ceased altogether, fieldwork found it to be devoid of organic or palaeoenvironmental material. Throughout the previous phases of the quarry, fieldwork involving excavation and watching brief suggest prehistoric to medieval remains do not extend into the low lying areas of silt and clay that are present across phases 27, 28 and 29. These low-lying areas therefore appear to have been subject to little human activity until the 17th century and subsequent drainage. Archaeological potential within these phases is therefore thought to be low and likely to be limited to the features of 17th century date or later (e.g. brick production located on the edges of the deposit or drainage).
Phase 26 6.4.1. Older Blown Sand covers most of phase 26. Reworking of the sand may have resulted in the burial of former land surfaces. The archaeological potential for this free-draining material also partly lies within its attraction for prehistoric activity. This is evident from the flints recovered in phase 26 at NMR 320789 and SMR01832, which at c.340m apart suggests potential widespread prehistoric activity on the Older Blown Sand. The extent of this activity and whether it is limited to flint scatters in the topsoil or in-situ pits and other deposits is currently unclear.
6.4.2. Settlement activity on the Older Blown Sands may have also continued into the Iron Age and Romano-British periods as evident in the extensive remains excavated in the adjacent phase 20, which appear to extend southwards.
6.4.3. Further features related to regionally significant 17th-19th century rural brick production as excavated in the adjacent phase 20, may also extend into areas of phase 26.
Phase 25 and 30 6.5.1. Deposits of both Peat and Alluvium are present in the northern parts of phase 25, while peat is present across most of phase 30 south of the plant site. The archaeological potential for these deposits lie mostly with the possible survival beneath them of well-preserved buried land surfaces of Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age date. This could provide evidence for these periods of both significant anthropogenic activity and palaeoenvironmental remains (pollen, plant-macro and insects).
6.5.2. A large part of phase 25 is covered by deposits of the First Terrace. This may have attracted significant prehistoric as well as Late Iron Age and Romano-British activity. Similar remains are widespread on the adjacent Older River Gravel (from cropmarks, finds and
______19 Finningley Quarry Extension 2012 excavations) suggesting exploitation of such large peripheral areas as the First Terrace is likely to have occurred during these periods.
6.5.3. Cartographic evidence indicates the former existence of one c.21m x 10m rectangular extraction pit on the west edge of phase 25. This may indicate brick production similar to the regionally important example identified and excavated in phase 20. The current state of preservation of this feature and whether further pits or features are present is unknown.
______20 Finningley Quarry Extension 2012
7. DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE/REFERENCES CONSULTED
Cox J.C, 1912. The Churches of Nottinghamshire.
Doubleday WE, 1946a. Notts Villages. Finningley – The most Northerly Habitation. In The Nottinghamshire Guardian, 31st August 1946.
Doubleday WE, 1946b. Notts Villages. Finningley – Since Stuart Times. In The Nottinghamshire Guardian, 7th September 1946.
Garner S.R., 2003. The Historic Boundaries of Axholme.
Gover JEB, 1940. The Place-Names of Nottinghamshire. Mawerr A & Stenton FM.
Howard A.J. 1995. Finningley Quarry, North Nottinghamshire. Report on the Archaeological Watching Brief at Newington II (1995). (TPA Report).
Howard A.J., 1999. Evidence of Late Devensian and Early Flandrian processes and Bateman M.D., environments in the Idle Valley at Tiln, North Nottinghamshire. Garton.D, Green F.M.L, Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 52, Part 4, 383-393. Wagner P. & Priest V.
Howard A.J., 2006. The Late Pleistocene and Holocene Evolution of the Trent Valley, UK. OUGS Journal 27, (2), 25-30.
Kelly ER (ed), 1876 Directory of Nottinghamshire, 726, 690-691.
Kelly ER (ed), 1881. Directory of Nottinghamshire, 50-51, 85-85.
Leadam I S, 1904 The Domesday Inclosures for Nottinghamshire: From the Returns to the Inclosure Commissioners of 1517, in the Public Record Office.
Lyth P, 1989. A History of Nottinghamshire Farming.
MAP 2000a (Feb). Austerfield, South Yorkshire. Proposed Quarry Site. Archaeological Evaluation.
MAP 2000b(Feb). Croft Road, Finningley South Yorkshire. Archaeological Watching Brief Report.
MAP 2000c (Oct). Finningley Quarry, Finningley, South Yorkshire. Proposed Northern Extension. Desk Based Assessment.
MAP 2001a (Sept). Croft Road, Finningley South Yorkshire. Archaeological Watching Brief Report.
MAP 2001b (Oct). Finningley Quarry, Finningley and Misson, South Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire. Proposed Northern Extension Fieldwalking Survey.
MAP 2008a (Sept). Finningley Quarry, Finningley, South Yorkshire. Northern Extension Phase 20. Archaeological Excavation.
MAP 2008b (Sept). Finningley Quarry, Finningley, South Yorkshire. Northern Extension Phase 20. Archaeological Excavation (Draft 2).
MAP 2010 (July). Finningley Quarry, Phase 21, Finningley, South Yorkshire. Archaeological Strip and Record.
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Magilton, J.R. 1977. The Doncaster District: An Archaeological Survey
Mee A, 1989. The King’s England; Nottinghamshire.
Miller, E. 1804. The History and Antiquities of Doncaster, and its Vicinity.
Morris, J, 1977 Domesday Book; 28, Nottinghamshire
NAA 2002, (July). Newington Quarry, Nottinghamshire. Archaeological Evaluation of Phase 1 Extraction Area and Haul Road.
Nichols H, 1987. Local Maps of Nottinghamshire to 1800: An Inventory.
Riley, D.N.,1980. Early Landscape from the Air. Studies of Crop Marks in South Yorkshire & North Nottinghamshire.
Smith, E.G., 1973 Geology of the Country around East Retford, Worksop and Rhys, G.H. and Gainsborough. HMSO Goossens, R.F.
Train K, 1961. Lists of the Clergy of North Nottinghamshire
Throsby J, 1796. Thoroton’s History of Nottinghamshire Vol.3: Republished with large additions by John Throsby.
Van De Noort R., 1997. Wetland Heritage of the Humberhead Levels. & Ellis S.(eds).
Van De Noort R., 1998. Wetland Heritage of the Ancholme and Lower Trent Valleys & Ellis S.(eds).
Walker J. 1992. Finningley Project Archaeological Assessment. (TPA Report).
Webster W.F, 1988. Nottinghamshire Hearth Tax, Thoroton.Soc.Record Series, 37.
Whimster, J. 1989. The Emerging Past. Air Photography and the Buried Landscape RCHME
White W, 1864. History, Gazetteer and Directory of Nottinghamshire, 677-679, 685- 686.
White W, 1885. History, Gazetteer and Directory of Nottinghamshire, 129-130, 194- 196.
White W, 1894. History, Gazetteer and Directory of Nottinghamshire,
WYAS 2001(April). Finningley Quarry, Finningley, South Yorkshire. Geophysical Survey.
WYAS 2001(Nov). Finningley Quarry, Finningley, South Yorkshire. Geophysical Survey.
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Maps consulted
1610. John Speede. The Countie of Nottingham.
1629. (Misson) George Osborne. A survey of Missen Commons wch are in controversy. From the Parsons Crosse to the grained oake tree, go to the Swans well then to Finningley Park corner and so to Hewing balk, then to the furthest Stoope and so along the Stoopes to Parsons Cross (Nottingham Record Office PR2311a).
1639. (Misson) Josias Aerlebout. A true and perfect plan of everie particular cavel or close in the Level of Hatfield Chase severall counties of York, Lincolne and Notting. In the Levell of Hattefeild Chass (Nottingham University Library)
1639. (Misson) Thomas Smith Marriner. A true and perfect platt of every particular Cavell or closs in the severall counties of York, Lincolne and Nottingham. In the Levell of Hattefeild Chass. A redrawing of Aerlebout’s survey with additional survey with additional (later ?) information possibly 1680’s to 171-. (Nottingham University Library Hatfield Chase 9044).
1761. (Misson) William Brailsford and Isaac Milbourn. A plan of part of the manor or Lordship of Misson in the Counties of Nottingham and Lincoln or one of them, the property of Jonathan Acklom Esq. and others (Nottingham Record Office MS 1L).
1774. (Finningley) William Kelk, A map of the manors of Finningley, Auckley and Blaxton in the counties of Nottingham and York. (Nottinghamshire Record Office, map cabinet EA).
1774. Chapman. Map of Nottinghamshire.
1775. Jeffery. Maps of Yorkshire.
1776. (Misson) A plan of all the banks and drains belonging to the participants of Hatfield Chase in the several counties of Nottingham, York and Lincoln (Nottingham University Library RE/P22).
1828. Bryant. Map of Lincolnshire.
1840-41. Ordnance Survey first edition one-inch map, Sheffield & Doncaster.
1885. Ordnance Survey 1:10,560
1886. Ordnance Survey 1:2,500
1899. Ordnance Survey 1: 2500
1900. Ordnance Survey 1: 10,500
1905 Ordnance Survey 1:10,560
1921. Ordnance Survey 1:2,500
1922. Ordnance Survey 1:10,560
1948. Ordnance Survey 1: 10,560
1956. Ordnance Survey 1:10,560
1961. Ordnance Survey 1:10,560
1963. Ordnance Survey 1:2,500
1968. Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 Sheet SK69NE
______23 Finningley Quarry Extension 2012
1969. Geological Survey, Solid and Drift Sheet 88; Doncaster.
______24 Finningley Quarry Extension 2012
APPENDIX A: South Yorkshire List of SMR/NMR Heritage Assets (sites & finds). Archaeological sites and finds within 1.5km of SK SK690985 listed by the NMR and South Yorkshire HBSMR (Historic Building Sites and Monuments Record, South Yorkshire Archaeology Service).
HBSMR NMRNO PARISH NAME TYPE PERIOD NGRE NGRN 00233/01 320718 Finningley RB and Med pot found AD Finds RB and Med 6760 9860 1950 Finningley RB and Med pot found AD Finds RB and Med 6760 9840 00234/01 1950
00962/01 320723 Finningley Roman Bronze Bracelet Find RB 6757 9815 found AD 1950 02261/01 Finningley Hanging bowl with Roman Find RB/AS 6770 9900 and Post Roman metalwork
00963/01 320756 Finningley RB pottery Find RB 6793 9902
02009/01 320789 Finningley Iron Age/RB enclosure Site IA/RB 6830 9900 cropmark 01262/01 Austerfield Roman settlement Site RB 6705 9768
00961/01 Roman coin hoard Find RB 6689 9738
320789 Finningley 30 flints Prehistoric 6908 9894
01832/01 Finningley 2 flints blades & Barbed and Prehistoric 691 993 Tanged arrowhead
______25 Finningley Quarry Extension 2012
APPENDIX B: Nottinghamshire List of NMR/HER Heritage Assets (sites & finds). Archaeological sites and finds within or adjacent to the study area listed by the NMR and the Nottinghamshire HER within 1.5km of SK690985.
HERNO NMRNO PARISH NAME TYPE PERIOD EVIDENCE NGRE NGRN L5092 320796 Misson Enclosure with Destroyed Undated cropmark 469000 397100 field boundaries Misson Linear Feature Destroyed Undated cropmark 469200 397600 L5093
320795 Misson Double ditched Destroyed Undated cropmark 469800 397500 L5094 features L5095 Misson Cropmarks at Cropmark Undated cropmark 470000 397900 Misson
L11983 Misson Flints from Finds Prehistoric Flint. 1 core, 1 469000 398500 Finningley flake, 3 natural Quarry pieces
L12045 Misson Prehistoric Finds Prehistoric Pottery 2 469000 398500 pottery from sherds Finningley L12046 Misson Post Finds Post Med Brick, tile, 469000 398500 med/Modern pottery, clay- L12047 Misson Medievalartefacts from Find Med Potterypipe 1 469500 398700 pottery from sherd 320786 Misson RimFinningley & Base Find Romano- Pottery & 469720 397170 C3rd pot fd British Quern 1965. Beehive 469660 397540 quern fd 1967.
Nottinghamshire List of Listed Buildings Listed buildings within or adjacent to the study area listed by the NMR and the Nottinghamshire HER within 1.5km of SK SK690985.
HERNO NMRNO PARISH NAME TYPE PERIOD GRADE NGRE NGRN 1045073 Misson Newlands Farm Farmhouse Early House Building 19th II century
______26 Finningley Quarry Extension 2012
APPENDIX C: List of Aerial Photographs Aerial photographs listed by the National Monuments Record within or adjacent to the study area.
1: Vertical Photographs Sortie number Library Frame Centre Date Film details Held number number point by
RAF/CPE/UK/1880 540 4120 SK 673 992 06 DEC 1946 Black and White NMR RAF/CPE/UK/1880 540 4121 SK 678 992 06 DEC 1946 Black and White NMR RAF/CPE/UK/1880 540 4122 SK 684 993 06 DEC 1946 Black and White NMR RAF/CPE/UK/1880 540 4123 SK 689 994 06 DEC 1946 Black and White NMR RAF/CPE/UK/1880 540 4124 SK 695 994 06 DEC 1946 Black and White NMR RAF/CPE/UK/2563 832 3479 SK 697 987 28 MAR 1948 Black and White NMR RAF/CPE/UK/2563 832 3480 SK 689 988 28 MAR 1948 Black and White NMR RAF/541/35 873 3045 SK671980 19MAY1948 BlackandWhite NMR RAF/541/35 873 3046 SK678980 19MAY1948 BlackandWhite NMR RAF/541/35 873 3047 SK684980 19MAY1948 BlackandWhite NMR RAF/541/35 873 3048 SK690980 19MAY1948 BlackandWhite NMR RAF/541/35 873 3049 SK696980 19MAY1948 BlackandWhite NMR RAF/541/170 940 4170 SK 672 984 21 SEP 1948 Black and White NMR RAF/541/170 940 4171 SK 680 985 21 SEP 1948 Black and White NMR RAF/541/170 940 4172 SK 688 986 21 SEP 1948 Black and White NMR RAF/541/170 940 4173 SK 696 986 21 SEP 1948 Black and White NMR RAF/541/170 940 4205 SK 692 982 21 SEP 1948 Black and White NMR RAF/541/170 940 4206 SK 688 988 21 SEP 1948 Black and White NMR RAF/541/170 940 4207 SK 682 989 21 SEP 1948 Black and White NMR RAF/541/170 940 4208 SK 676 989 21 SEP 1948 Black and White NMR RAF/58/576 1814 5026 SK697990 05OCT1950 BlackandWhite NMR RAF/58/576 1814 5027 SK689989 05OCT1950 BlackandWhite NMR RAF/58/576 1814 5028 SK681989 05OCT1950 BlackandWhite NMR FSL/7145 2404B 4443 SK 671 995 01 JUN 1971 Black and White AF FSL/7145 2404B 4444 SK 670 985 01 JUN 1971 Black and White AF FSL/7145 2404B 4445 SK 670 974 01 JUN 1971 Black and White AF FSL/7145 2404B 4586 SK 688 972 01 JUN 1971 Black and White AF FSL/7145 2404B 4587 SK 688 983 01 JUN 1971 Black and White AF FSL/7145 2404B 4588 SK 689 995 01 JUN 1971 Black and White AF RAF/58/2207 3986 97 SK698970 08JUL1957 BlackandWhite MOD RAF/58/2207 3986 98 SK695970 08JUL1957 BlackandWhite MOD RAF/58/2207 3986 99 SK691971 08JUL1957 BlackandWhite MOD RAF/58/2207 3986 100 SK687971 08JUL1957 BlackandWhite MOD RAF/58/2207 3986 101 SK683971 08JUL1957 BlackandWhite MOD RAF/58/2207 3986 102 SK679971 08JUL1957 BlackandWhite MOD RAF/58/2207 3986 103 SK675971 08JUL1957 BlackandWhite MOD RAF/58/2207 3986 104 SK671971 08JUL1957 BlackandWhite MOD RAF/58/2207 3986 118 SK696993 08JUL1957 BlackandWhite MOD RAF/58/2207 3986 119 SK692993 08JUL1957 BlackandWhite MOD RAF/58/2207 3986 120 SK688993 08JUL1957 BlackandWhite MOD RAF/58/2207 3986 121 SK684993 08JUL1957 BlackandWhite MOD RAF/58/2207 3986 122 SK680993 08JUL1957 BlackandWhite MOD RAF/58/2207 3986 123 SK677993 08JUL1957 BlackandWhite MOD
______27 Finningley Quarry Extension 2012
RAF/58/2207 3986 124 SK673993 08JUL1957 BlackandWhite MOD MAL/67059 4876 170 SK685984 14JUN1967 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71044 5979 47 SK693999 02MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71044 5979 48 SK693994 02MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71044 5979 49 SK693989 02MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71044 5979 50 SK693985 02MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71044 5979 51 SK694980 02MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71044 5979 52 SK694975 02MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71044 5979 91 SK686973 02MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71044 5979 92 SK686977 02MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71044 5979 93 SK686982 02MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71044 5979 94 SK686986 02MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71044 5979 95 SK686991 02MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71044 5979 96 SK686995 02MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71044 5979 196 SK678997 02MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71044 5979 197 SK678993 02MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71044 5979 198 SK678988 02MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71044 5979 199 SK678984 02MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71044 5979 200 SK678979 02MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71044 5979 201 SK678975 02MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71047 5982 21 SK669971 03MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71047 5982 22 SK669977 03MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71047 5982 23 SK669982 03MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71047 5982 24 SK669986 03MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71047 5982 25 SK669991 03MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR MAL/71047 5982 26 SK669996 03MAY1971 BlackandWhite NMR OS/72048 10263 263 SK 697 977 24 MAR 1972 Black and White NMR OS/73310 10381 6 SK674983 15JUN1973 BlackandWhite NMR OS/73310 10381 7 SK675989 15JUN1973 BlackandWhite NMR OS/73310 10381 8 SK675995 15JUN1973 BlackandWhite NMR OS/86057 10748 155 SK670980 16MAY1986 BlackandWhite NMR OS/86057 10748 156 SK670986 16MAY1986 BlackandWhite NMR OS/86057 10748 157 SK670991 16MAY1986 BlackandWhite NMR OS/86057 10748 166 SK682998 16MAY1986 BlackandWhite NMR OS/86057 10748 167 SK681992 16MAY1986 BlackandWhite NMR OS/86057 10748 168 SK680986 16MAY1986 BlackandWhite NMR OS/86057 10748 169 SK680981 16MAY1986 BlackandWhite NMR OS/86057 10748 170 SK680975 16MAY1986 BlackandWhite NMR OS/86057 10748 171 SK680970 16MAY1986 BlackandWhite NMR OS/86062 10749 203 SK696975 19MAY1986 BlackandWhite NMR OS/86062 10749 204 SK696981 19MAY1986 BlackandWhite NMR OS/86062 10749 205 SK695987 19MAY1986 BlackandWhite NMR OS/86062 10749 206 SK696993 19MAY1986 BlackandWhite NMR OS/93178 14384 11 SK681986 23MAY1993 BlackandWhite NMR OS/93178 14384 12 SK681992 23MAY1993 BlackandWhite NMR OS/93178 14384 51 SK695993 23MAY1993 BlackandWhite NMR OS/93178 14384 52 SK695987 23MAY1993 BlackandWhite NMR OS/93178 14384 53 SK694981 23MAY1993 BlackandWhite NMR OS/93178 14384 54 SK694975 23MAY1993 BlackandWhite NMR OS/96585 15171 16 SK681976 03JUN1996 BlackandWhite NMR
______28 Finningley Quarry Extension 2012
OS/96585 15171 17 SK681983 03JUN1996 BlackandWhite NMR OS/96585 15171 18 SK681989 03JUN1996 BlackandWhite NMR OS/96585 15171 19 SK681996 03JUN1996 BlackandWhite NMR OS/96585 15171 76 SK693976 03JUN1996 BlackandWhite NMR OS/96585 15171 77 SK693982 03JUN1996 BlackandWhite NMR OS/96585 15171 78 SK693989 03JUN1996 BlackandWhite NMR OS/96585 15171 79 SK693996 03JUN1996 BlackandWhite NMR
______29 Finningley Quarry Extension 2012
2. Oblique Photographs
NGR Film and frame Date Film type Grid ref and number Index No
SK 6898 / DNR1294 /12 11JUL Black& 35 mm SK 681989 1 1979 white SK 6899 / DNR1294 /09 11JUL Black& 35 mm SK 682990 1 1979 white SK 6899 / DNR1294 /10 11JUL Black& 35 mm SK 682990 2 1979 white SK 6899 / DNR1294 /11 11JUL Black& 35 mm SK 682990 3 1979 white SK 6899 / DNR1295 /23 09JUL Black& 35 mm SK 683991 4 1979 white SK 6899 / DNR1295 /24 09JUL Black& 35 mm SK 683991 5 1979 white SK 6899 / DNR1295 /25 09JUL Black& 35 mm SK 683991 6 1979 white SK 6899 / DNR1295 /26 09JUL Black& 35 mm SK 683991 7 1979 white SK 6997 / DNR862 /4 27JUN Black& 35 mm SK 691971 1 1976 white SK 6997 / DNR862 /5 27JUN Black& 35 mm SK 698976 2 1976 white SK 6997 / DNR862 /6 27JUN Black& 35 mm SK 698976 3 1976 white SK 6997 / DNR862 /7 27JUN Black& 35 mm SK 698976 4 1976 white SK 6997 / DNR1035 /14 09JUL Black& 35 mm SK 698976 5 1978 white SK 6997 / DNR1082 /41 23JUL Black& 70mm,120,220 SK 691978 6 1977 white SK 6997 / DNR1082 /42 23JUL Black& 70mm,120,220 SK 692971 7 1977 white SK 6997 / DNR1294 /07 11JUL Black& 35 mm SK 693972 8 1979 white SK 6997 / DNR1294 /08 11JUL Black& 35 mm SK 692976 9 1979 white SK 6997 / DNR1079 /7 23JUL Black& 35 mm SK 692977 10 1977 white SK 6997 / DNR1079 /8 23JUL Black& 35 mm SK 692977 11 1977 white SK 6997 / DNR1079 /9 23JUL Black& 35 mm SK 691970 12 1977 white SK 6997 / DNR1079 /10 23JUL Black& 35 mm SK 691970 13 1977 white SK 6997 / DNR1605 /24 30JUL Black& 35 mm SK 699979 14 1981 white SK 6997 / DNR1535 /30 12JUL Black& 35 mm SK 691978 15 1979 white SK 6997 / DNR1535 /31 12JUL Black& 35 mm SK 692972 16 1979 white SK 6997 / DNR1535 /32 12JUL Black& 35 mm SK 692972 17 1979 white SK 6997 / INV 19547 / 13 08 AUG Colour 35 mm SK 697977 18 1998 neg
______30 D C
M S Beech Hill
in
ra Farm
D
Bank End Crossing Cottage 20
n i
a r 26 D
n i
a r
D Hig hwate r Drain
Type : TOP SOIL
Fill volume : 5432m³ n D i a A r in D
ra l O D w R O TS in H ra G D I D rain Hig E hwate Beech Hill - r Drain TY Crossing IF Drain
n i
F a r
D in ra D Fifty ts eights gh Drai ei n ifty F Dra in
Fif D tyeight s Drain F A 21 IFTY-E IG Owl O D n AREA BEING RESTORED H rain i a TS r DRA D IN / R OW n L i a DR r AIN S D
G
AREA BEING RESTORED
N Ow I l Drain
R
AREA BEING RESTORED P
SITE S
Ow ACCESS l Drain
n i
a
r
D
27 D
r
a
i n YBS1 6.085
n i
D a r
r a D
i n 22 Drain 25 n Fl i
a r
D Fl r
e t
FBUND1 a
5.125 w Fl h
g YBS2 i 6.083 H SUB SOIL 2,399 c.m. Drain Drain Drain
Fl
Fl IFL MH
Fl MH WB MHMH
BUNDTG 23 Fl 4.498
YBS3 TOPSOIL 1,769 c.m. 7.302 28
D
A
O
R Misson Springs S
G
N I
R
Ep P Farm S S LANE DEEP PLANT Ep 24 LOW TOPSOIL SITE 4,189 c.m.
3
1 Levels Cottages
Ep Type : TOP SOIL Fill volume : 4,200m³ Snow Sewer
SK1 10.804 SUB SOIL 2,970 c.m.
Ep Ep STOCKING GROUND E AN rain L Deeps D S n P i a EE r LOW D D Type : Sub Soil Fill volume : 3,000m³ 30 29
D O A L R -1.0 H A U RESTORED AREA
-0 .5
.5 - 0
.0 1 - P O N D WL -1.34m AOD 19/06/09 D Piez O A L R H A U
WL
D O A L R H A U
RL2
4.654
- 1
. 0 Springs TOP PIPE
WL Farm
5 . 0 - FOX1
2.421
- 0
5 .
Approx.Limit of Silt
WL
WL 1.94m. AOD 19/06/09 SILT WL 1.96m.AOD LAGOONS 19/06/09
SILT PWILPE PIPE RESTORED AREA
WL 1.94m. AOD 19/06/09
NLAG 4.762
SILT -1-0.0.5 -0.5 -1.5 -1.0 -2.0 -1.5 --32.0.5 -3.5 -4.0 - 4 . 5 --01.5.0 -1.5 --23..500
AREA BEING RESTORED -
4
.
0 -
-0 3 .
.5 5
-
3
.
- 0
2
.
5
-
2
.
0
-
1
.
5
-
1
.
0 RESTORED AREA
-
0 .
WL -2.05m AOD 5
-
2
5 . .
15/05/02 0
0
-
5 .
0 -
1 .
- 1
1 0
- .
.
5
2
-
- -
1 0
.
0 .
5
5
.
0
-
- . 0 5
P ost
P ost
P ost
P ost
P ost Inv P ost
Inv
P ost
P ost
Trial trenching and watching brief 2000 Silt and clay Finningley Quarry Figure 1 Plan of study area showing proposed phases (25-27,29) and existing phases (20-24,28) 0m 1000m Scale at A3 1:10000 P Early Post-Medieval B Old gravel pit brick kiln S Excavation 2008 B A
Iron Age / D Two flint blades C Romano-British and arrowhead M S Beech Hill
in
ra Farm excavations 2008 NMR 320789 D Bank End Crossing Cropmark Cottage SMR 01832 SMR 02009/01 20
n i
a r 26 D
n i
a r T D Hig hwate r Drain
Type : TOP SOIL
Fill volume : 5432m³ n D i a A r in D
ra l D O w R O TS in H ra G D I D rain Hig E hwate Beech Hill - r Drain TY Crossing IF Drain
n i
F a r
D in ra A D F ts iftyeigh gh ts Dra ei in fty Fi Roman pottery found Dra in
Fif D tyeight s Drain F A SMR 00963/01 21 IFTY-E 30 flints I O O G wl D n AREA BEING RESTORED H rain i a P TS r DRA D G IN / R OW n L i a DR r NMR 320789 A D P IN S G
AREA BEING RESTORED
N Post Med Ow I l Drain
R
AREA BEING RESTORED extraction P SITE S pit Ow ACCESS l Drain
n i
a
r D T
27 T D
r
a
i n YBS1 6.085
n i
D a
r
r B a D
i n 22 Drain 25 n Fl i
a r
D Fl r
e t
FBUND1 a
5.125 w Fl h
g YBS2 i 6.083 H SUB SOIL 2,399 c.m. Drain 1x Med pot Drain Drain
Fl
Fl IFL MH HER L12047 Fl MH RomanWoB -British Romano-British MHMH
Fl BUNDTG 23 & Medieval pit and pottery 4.498
YBS3 TOPSOIL Romano-B7.r302 itish 1,769 c.m. 28 pottery found 2000 WB pits and pottery
D AD 1950 A O
R
Misson Springs S
G
N I WB R Ep P SMR 0233/01 Farm S S LANE 1x flint, fired clay DEEP HER 1045073 PLANT Ep 24 LOW TOPSOIL Geophysical SITE 4,189 c.m. Post Med pot and brick
3
1 Levels Cottages survey 2001 Ep HER L11983,L12045,L12046 Type : TOP SOIL Fill volume : 4,200m³ Snow Sewer
SK1 10.804 SUB SOIL Romano-British 2,970 c.m.
Ep Ep STOCKING GROUND E M AN rain L Deeps D S n & Medieval P i a EE r LOW D D Type : Sub Soil pottery found Fill volume : 3,000m³ AD 1950 30 SMR 00234/01 29 G
Roman bronze D O A L R -1.0 H A U RESTORED AREA
-0 .5
.5 bracelet found - 0
.0 1 P O N D - WL -1.34m AOD 19/06/09 D Piez O A L R H A U circa AD1950 P WL
D O A L R H A U
SMR 0962/01 RL2 4.654
- 1
. 0 Springs TOP PIPE
WL Farm
5 . 0 - FOX1
2.421
- 0
5 .
Approx.Limit of Silt
WL
WL 1.94m. AOD 19/06/09 SILT WL 1.96m.AOD 19/06/09 S LAGOONS 5095 Cropmark SILT PWILPE PIPE RESTORED AREA
WL 1.94m. AOD 19/06/09 HER L5095 NLAG 4.762
SILT -1-0.0.5 -0.5 -1.5 -1.0 -2.50 -1.5 -3.50 -4.0 M - 4 . 5 --01..50 --1-23.5..500
AREA BEING RESTORED -
4
.
0 -
-0 3 .
.5 5
-
3
.
- 0
2
.
5
-
2
.
0
-
1
.
5
-
1
.
0 RESTORED AREA
-
0 .
WL -2.05m AOD 5
-
2 5 .
. 15/05/02 0
0
-
5 .
0
1 . -
-
1 0
1
- .
. 2
5
-
-
-
0 1
.
.
0
5
5
. 0
- Cropmark
- . 0 5 5093 Previous archaeology Cropmark HER L5093 Romano-british HBR region P ost pottery and quern
P ost NMR 320786
P ost Cropmark SMR point
P ost HER L5094 Enclosure 5094
P ost Inv P ost Finds scatter Inv
P ost Finds spot P ost A Trial trenching and A Alluvium watching brief B 2000 Blown sand T First terrace/sand M Mercia mudstone Cropmark 5092 HER L5092 G Old river gravel P P Peat S S Silt and clay Finningley Quarry Figure 2 Plan of proposed extension showing, HER, SMR, and NMR data and cropmarks (blue), extension areas hachured, previous evaluated quarry areas outline plus underlying geological sediments Scale at A3 1:10000 0m 1000m *SITE
28 27 26 30 25
29 *SITE
1610 1639 1774
26 27 28 25 30 29 26 25 27 28 25
DRAIN 30 29 26 27 25 28 30 29 Possible extraction pit in phase 26 (See Figure 2)
1776 1828 1840 1886
______
Figure 3: Finningley Quarry. Cartographic Evidence showing site and approximate location of phases.
1610 & 1774 showing location of Finningley in North Nottinghamshire. 1639 showing parcels of land to south of line apparently later followed by Fifty-eights Road. 1776 showing line of Fifty-eights Road as Day Close Drain. Further drain to east corresponds with Old Drain (1828) now Owl Drain. 1828 & 1840 showing phases in relation to Fifty-eights Road along with field boundaries and drains. 1886 showing apparent extraction pit on west edge of phase 25. D C
Intensive Intensive 50x slag 138x Modern glass Bank End 2437x ceramic building material Crossing 392x ceramic building material Cottage 20 336x Modern pot
Initial 26 529x ceramic building material Hig hwate 27x Modern pot r Drain
Type : TOP SOIL
Fill volume : 5432m³ D n 7x Modern glass Area E i a A r in D ra O D l 10x slag w R O 4x PM pot Area C TS in H ra 3x RB pot IG D -E Drain TY IF Drain
n i F a r
D in Initial ra D Fif ts tyeigh gh ts Dra ei in fty Fi 19x Ceramic building material 1x ferrous Fi ftyeigh Area D ts Drai F n 21 IFTY- EI Ow l D n G i AREA BEING RESTORED rain H a T r
S D DRAIN / OWL DRAIN Intensive AREA BEING RESTORED 562x Ceramic building material Initial 26x Modern pot 301x ceramic building material AREA BEING RESTORED 1x Med pot SITE 30x Modern pot 14x PM pot CCESS 2x Modern glass 1x flint flake 13x PM pot
27 D
r
a
i 1x undated whetstone n
D
r a
i n 22 Drain 25 Initial FBUND1 3x clay pipe 5.125
SUB SOIL 14x Modern pot 2,399 c.m.
Drain 4x Modern glass Drain Fl Area G 3x PM pot
WB 3x Med pot
BUNDTG 23 4.498
TOPSOIL 1,769 c.m. 28
Area B Misson Springs Ep Farm
PLANT Ep 24 TOPSOIL SITE 4,189 c.m.
Ep Type : TOP SOIL Fill volume : 4,200m³ Area F
SK1 10.804 SUB SOIL 2,970 c.m.
Ep Ep NE LA ps Drain EEPS Dee LOW D Type : Sub Soil Fill volume : 3,000m³ 30 Area A 29 Initial 80x Modern pot 9x Modern glass O A D L R -1.0 H A U RESTORED AREA
-0 .5 17x PM pot
.5 Intensive -0 3x clay pipe .0 -1 P O N D 369x PM pot WL -1.34m AOD 19/06/09 Piez O A D L R 4x slag 2x RB pot H A U WL 1x flint
A D R O 1x RB glass vessel? L H A U 2x undated fired clay 7x Late Neolithic flint RL2
4.654
- 1 .
0 Springs
TOP PIPE Farm
5 . 0 - FOX1
2.421
-
0
. 5
Approx.Limit of Silt
WL
WL 1.96m.AOD 19/06/09 Finningley Quarry Figure 4 Results of fieldwalking (MAP 2001) in previous areas of the quarry (Areas A-G) Scale at A3 1:6000 0m 1000m D C
M S Beech Hill
in
ra Farm
D
Bank End Crossing Cottage 20
n i
a r 26 D
n i
a r
D Hig hwate r Drain
Type : TOP SOIL
Fill volume : 5432m³ n D i a A r in D
ra l O D w R O TS in H ra G D I D rain Hig E hwate Beech Hill - r Drain TY Crossing IF Drain
n i
F a r
D in ra D Fifty ts eights gh Drai ei n ifty F Dra in
Fif D tyeight s Drain F A 21 IFTY-E IG Owl O D n AREA BEING RESTORED H rain i a TS r DRA D IN / R OW n L i a DR r AIN S D
G
AREA BEING RESTORED
N Ow I l Drain
R
AREA BEING RESTORED P
SITE S
Ow ACCESS l Drain
n i
a
r
D
27 D
r
a
i n YBS1 6.085
n i
D a r
r a D
i n 22 Drain 25 n Fl i
a r
D Fl r
e t
FBUND1 a
5.125 w Fl h
g YBS2 i 6.083 H SUB SOIL 2,399 c.m. Drain Drain Drain
Fl
Fl IFL MH
Fl MH WB MHMH
BUNDTG 23 Fl 4.498
YBS3 TOPSOIL 1,769 c.m. 7.302 28
D
A
O
R Misson Springs S
G
N I
R
EEpp P Farm S S LANE DEEP PLANT Ep 24 LOW TOPSOIL SITE 4,189 c.m.
3
1 Levels Cottages
Ep Type : TOP SOIL Fill volume : 4,200m³ Snow Sewer
SK1 10.804 SUB SOIL 2,970 c.m.
Ep Ep STOCKING GROUND E AN rain L Deeps D S n P i a EE r LOW D D Type : Sub Soil Fill volume : 3,000m³ 30 29
D O A L R -1.0 H A U RESTORED AREA
-0 .5
.5 - 0
.0 1 - P O N D WL -1.34m AOD 19/06/09 D Piez O A L R H A U
WL
D O A L R H A U
RL2
4.654
- 1
. 0 Springs TOP PIPE
WL Farm
5 . 0 - FOX1
2.421
- 0
5 .
Approx.Limit of Silt
WL
WL 1.94m. AOD 19/06/09 SILT WL 1.96m.AOD LAGOONS 19/06/09
SILT PWILPE PIPE RESTORED AREA
WL 1.94m. AOD 19/06/09
NLAG 4.762
SILT -0.5 -1.0 -0.5 -1.5 -1.0 -2.0 -1.5 -32.05 -3.5 -4.0 - 4 . 5 --01.5.0 -1.5 -32.05
AREA BEING RESTORED -
4
.
0 -
-0 3 .
.5 5
-
3
.
- 0
2
.
5
-
2
.
0
-
1
.
5
-
1
.
0 RESTORED AREA
-
0 .
WL -2.05m AOD 5
-
2
5 . .
15/05/02 0
0
-
5 .
0 -
1 .
- 1
1 0
- .
.
5
2
-
- -
1 0
.
0 .
5
5
.
0
-
- . 0 5
P ost
P ost
P ost
P ost
P ost Inv P ost
Inv Finningley Quarry Figure 5 Views of proposed extension phases during walkover survey Not to scale