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Depositional Environments of the Queantoweap Sandstone of Northwestern Arizona and Southern Nevada

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Depositional Environments of the Queantoweap Sandstone of Northwestern Arizona and Southern Nevada Depositional environments of the Queantoweap sandstone of northwestern Arizona and southern Nevada Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Johansen, Steven John Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 27/09/2021 05:02:08 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/557738 DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF THE QUEANTOWEAP SANDSTONE OF NORTHWESTERN ARIZONA AND SOUTHERN NEVADA by Steven John Johansen A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 8 1 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of re­ quirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judg­ ment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholar­ ship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: July 14, 1981 Date Professor of Geosciences ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Field expenses were covered in part by a grant from the Museum of Northern Arizona. Some laboratory expenses were paid with funds do­ nated to the Department of Geosciences by Cities Service Company. Cheryl Wachter labored long and well in organizing and typing this thesis. Drs. J. F. Schreiber, Jr., H. W. Peirce, and R. F. Wilson served on my research committee and offered helpful suggestions during the course of my studies and the writing of this thesis. I am indebted to the dozens of other geologists who have studied the Permian System of the southwest. I am especially indebted to the students and faculty of The University of Arizona and Northern Arizona University who organized and participated in a field trip to the Mogollon Rim in the spring of 1980. Dr. Ron Blakey*s spirited and informative discussions were criti­ cal to my understanding of the genetic stratigraphy and long discussions with Dr. Wes Peirce influenced my ideas on regional stratigraphy. Al­ though I admit my debt to all these geologists, I assume responsibility for all errors I have made in this thesis. I have relied heavily on borrowed equipment. I cannot name all the donors here, but Ellis Johansen (my father), Steve Rooke, Kim Wilson, Steve Thorston, and Steve Gather were major contributors. Jessica Gurevitch accompanied me on a brief trip to the study area and was an excellent travel companion and field assistant. iii iv Finally, I want to thank Richard Brautigan, Steve Gather, Pat Foley, Jerry Garcia, Jessica Gurevitch, Dana Maxfield, and Kim Wilson for their spiritual support. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . ....................................... vii LIST OF T A B L E S ............ X A B S T R A C T ..................................................... xi INTRODUCTION................................................. 1 Purpose of Study ...................... r—l r—I LO An Introductory Sketch of the Queantoweap Previous Work ........................... METHODS .............. 18 Measured Sections ......................................... 18 Cross-strata Analysis ..................................... 19 Grain Size Analysis....................................... 19 STRATIGRAPHY OF MEASURED SECTIONS ............................. 22 Paw's P o c k e t ............................................. 22 Virgin M o u n t a i n s ...................... 27 Frenchman M o u n t a i n ....................................... 33 North Bird Spring R a n g e ................................... 34 SEDIMENTARY FACIES WITHIN THE QUEANTOWEAP.................... 41 Introduction ............................................. 41 Tabular Planar Facies ..................................... 41 Cross-strata Analysis.............. 52 Other Primary Sedimentary Structures ......... 55 Grain Size Distribution .................. 58 Petrology......................................... .. 65 Associated Facies ..................................... 69 Summary of Eolian Criteria .......................... 72 Comparison to Other Eolian U n i t s ................ 74 Wedge Planar F a c i e s ....................................... 76 Cross-stratification ................................. 77 Cross-strata Analysis ................................. 87 Other Primary Sedimentary Structures ................ 95 Grain Size Distribution............................... 95 Petrology.................................. 101 v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS-— Continued Page Environmental Interpretation of the Wedge Planar Facies ..................................... 102 Flat-bedded Facies . ..................................... 105 Flat Bedding Styles Cross-bedded Sandstones within the Flat-bedded Facies .................. 108 Other Sedimentary Structures ........................ 113 Grain Size Analysis and Petrology.................... 113 Environmental Interpretation ................. .. ' 115 STUDIED INTERVALS NOT IN THE QUEANTOWEAP .................... 117 Wescogame Formation and the Esplanade Slope Unit ........ 117 Red Siltstone Marker .............. ........... 118 North Bird Springs Range Section . ................. 120 Units 1 to 15 ..... ............................... 122 Units 16 to 33 ......................... .. 124 Units 34 to 46 127 INTERPRETATIONS ............................................... 129 Vertical and Lateral Facies Distribution ................ 129 Lateral Facies Distributions and Structure . ........ 133 Speculations on the Queantoweap Depositional System .... 137 Source of S a n d ...................... 137 Sand T r a n s p o r t .............................. 139 Depositional Setting ................................. 140 CONCLUSIONS................................................... 143 APPENDIX A: MEASURED SECTIONS ........................ 145 Paw's Pocket S e c t i o n ..................................... 145 Virgin River Gorge Section .... .............. .... 155 Lime Kiln Canyon S e c t i o n .................. 161 Frenchman Mountain Section ..................... ..... 168 North Bird Springs Range S e c t i o n ........................ 174 APPENDIX B: SUMMARY OF CROSS-STRATA ......................... 182 APPENDIX C: SUMMARY OF MEASURED INTERVALS ........... 194 REFERENCES ......................... 204 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Political Map of the Western Colorado Plateau Region . 2 2. Topographic Features of the Western Colorado Plateau Region ............................................... 4 3. Generalized Tectonic Map of the Western Colorado Plateau Region ....................................... 6 4. Lower Permian Depositional Environments of the Western Colorado Plateau ..................................... 13 5. Generalized Stratigraphic Column for the Supai Group in Whitmore W a s h .................................... 23 6. Queantoweap Type Section................................. 24 7. Virgin River Gorge Section ............................... 29 8. Lime Kiln Canyon Section................................. 31 9. Frenchman Mountain, Nevada ............................... 35 10. Summary of Interpretations of the Red Beds in the North Bird Spring R a n g e ............................. 37 11. North Bird Spring R a n g e ................ 38 12. Unit 10, Virgin River G o r g e ............................. 43 13. Unit 15, Virgin River G o r g e ............ 44 14. Crescentic S l i p f a c e .................... 45 15. Unit 8, Lime Kiln C a n y o n ............ 46 16. Cross-stratification Model for Eolian Sandstones of the Queantoweap ..................................... 49 17. Wedge Trough Cross-strata............................... 51 18. Grain Size Relationships at the Base of a Tabular Planar Cross-strata Unit . ............. .. 53 vii viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS— Continued Figure Page 19. Ripple(?) Structure ..................................... 56 20. Footprints in the Tabular Planar Facies ................ 59 21. Cumulative-probability Grain Sifce Distributions for Tabular Planar Sandstones ....................... 60 22. Fluid Threshhold Velocities for Initial Grain Motion . 64 23. Calcite Sand Crystals in the Tabular Planar Facies . 67 24. Siliceous Laminae in the Tabular Planar Facies . ........ 68 25. Trough Cross-strata, Tabular Planar Facies .............. 70 26. A Wedge Planar Vertical Sequence ........................ 78 27. Base of a Wedge Planar C o s e t ................ ............ 79 28. Medium-scale Wedge Trough Cross-strata .................. 81 29. The Lowermost Queantoweap, Frenchman Mountain .......... 82 30. Top of Esplanade Cliff at Paw's Pocket .................. 83 31. Idealized Sandstone Body of the Wedge Planar Facies . 84 32. Scours and Antidune (?) Structures in the Wedge Planar Facies ........ ............................. 86
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