Proclamation 7265—Establishment of the Grand Canyon-Parashant

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Proclamation 7265—Establishment of the Grand Canyon-Parashant 44 Jan. 11 / Administration of William J. Clinton, 2000 to the smallest area compatible with the national monument shall be the dominant proper care and management of the objects reservation. to be protected. Nothing in this proclamation shall enlarge Whereas it appears that it would be in or diminish the jurisdiction or authority of the public interest to reserve such lands as the State of California or the United States a national monument to be known as the over submerged or other lands within the ter- California Coastal National Monument: ritorial waters off the coast of California. Now, Therefore, I, William J. Clinton, Nothing in this proclamation shall affect President of the United States of America, the rights or obligations of any State or Fed- by the authority vested in me by section 2 eral oil or gas lessee within the territorial wa- of the Act of June 8, 1906 (34 Stat. 225, 16 ters off the California coast. U.S.C. 431), do proclaim that there are here- Warning is hereby given to all unauthor- by set apart and reserved as the California ized persons not to appropriate, injure, de- Coastal National Monument, for the purpose stroy, or remove any feature of this monu- of protecting the objects identified above, all ment and not to locate or settle upon any unappropriated or unreserved lands and in- of the lands thereof. terests in lands owned or controlled by the In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set United States in the form of islands, rocks, my hand this eleventh day of January, in the exposed reefs, and pinnacles above mean year of our Lord two thousand, and of the Independence of the United States of Amer- high tide within 12 nautical miles of the ica the two hundred and twenty-fourth. shoreline of the State of California. The Fed- eral land and interests in land reserved are William J. Clinton encompassed in the entire 840 mile Pacific coastline, which is the smallest area compat- [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 10:45 a.m., January 14, 2000] ible with the proper care and management of the objects to be protected. NOTE: This proclamation will be published in the The establishment of this monument is Federal Register on January 18. subject to valid existing rights. All Federal lands and interests in lands Proclamation 7265ÐEstablishment within the boundaries of this monument are of the Grand Canyon-Parashant hereby appropriated and withdrawn from all National Monument forms of entry, location, selection, sale, leas- ing, or other disposition under the public January 11, 2000 land laws, including but not limited to with- By the President of the United States drawal from location, entry, and patent under of America the mining laws, and from disposition under all laws relating to mineral and geothermal A Proclamation leasing, other than by exchange that furthers The Grand Canyon-Parashant National the protective purposes of the monument. Monument is a vast, biologically diverse, im- Lands and interests in lands within the pro- pressive landscape encompassing an array of posed monument not owned by the United scientific and historic objects. This remote States shall be reserved as a part of the area of open, undeveloped spaces and engag- monument upon acquisition of title thereto ing scenery is located on the edge of one by the United States. of the most beautiful places on earth, the The Secretary of the Interior shall manage Grand Canyon. Despite the hardships cre- the monument through the Bureau of Land ated by rugged isolation and the lack of nat- Management, pursuant to applicable legal ural waters, the monument has a long and authorities, to implement the purposes of this rich human history spanning more than proclamation. 11,000 years, and an equally rich geologic Nothing in this proclamation shall be history spanning almost 2 billion years. Full deemed to revoke any existing withdrawal, of natural splendor and a sense of solitude, reservation, or appropriation; however, the this area remains remote and unspoiled, Administration of William J. Clinton, 2000 / Jan. 11 45 qualities that are essential to the protection The Plateau here is capped by volcanic rocks of the scientific and historic resources it con- with an array of cinder cones and basalt tains. flows, ranging in age from 9 million to only The monument is a geological treasure. Its about 1000 years old. Lava from the Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rock Whitmore and Toroweap areas flowed into layers are relatively undeformed and the Grand Canyon and dammed the river unobscured by vegetation, offering a clear many times over the past several million view to understanding the geologic history years. The monument is pocketed with sink- of the Colorado Plateau. Deep canyons, holes and breccia pipes, structures associated mountains, and lonely buttes testify to the with volcanism and the collapse of underlying power of geological forces and provide color- rock layers through ground water dissolution. ful vistas. A variety of formations have been Fossils are abundant in the monument. exposed by millennia of erosion by the Colo- Among these are large numbers of inverte- rado River. The Cambrian, Devonian, and brate fossils, including bryozoans and Mississippian formations (Muav Limestone, brachiopods located in the Calville limestone Temple Butte Formation, and the Redwall of the Grand Wash Cliffs, and brachiopods, Limestone) are exposed at the southern end pelecypods, fenestrate bryozoa, and crinoid of the lower Grand Wash Cliffs. The Penn- ossicles in the Toroweap and Kaibab forma- sylvanian and Permian formations (Calville tions of Whitmore Canyon. There are also Limestone, Esplanade Sandstone, Hermit sponges in nodules and pectenoid pelecypods Shale, Toroweap Formation, and the Kaibab throughout the Kaibab formation of Formation) are well exposed within the Parashant Canyon. Parashant, Andrus, and Whitmore Canyons, The Grand Canyon-Parashant National and on the Grand Gulch Bench. The Triassic Monument contains portions of geologic Chinle and Moenkopi Formations are ex- faults, including the Dellenbaugh fault, posed on the Shivwits Plateau, and the pur- which cuts basalt flows dated 6 to 7 million ple, pink, and white shale, mudstone, and years old, the Toroweap fault, which has sandstone of the Triassic Chinle Formation been active within the last 30,000 years, the are exposed in Hells Hole. Hurricane fault, which forms the hurricane The monument encompasses the lower Cliffs and extends over 150 miles across portion of the Shivwits Plateau, which forms northern Arizona and into Utah, and the an important watershed for the Colorado Grand Wash fault, which bounds the west River and the Grand Canyon. The Plateau side of the Shivwits Plateau and has approxi- is bounded on the west by the Grand Wash mately 15,000 feet of displacement across the Cliffs and on the east by the Hurricane Cliffs. monument. These cliffs, formed by large faults that sever Archaeological evidence shows much the Colorado Plateau slicing north to south human use of the area over the past cen- through the region, were and are major topo- turies. Because of their remoteness and the graphic barriers to travel across the area. The lack of easy road access, the sites in this area Grand Wash Cliffs juxtapose the colorful, have experienced relatively little vandalism. lava-capped Precambrian and Paleozoic stra- Their good condition distinguishes them ta of the Grand Canyon against the highly from many prehistoric resources in other faulted terrain, recent lake beds, and desert areas. Prehistoric use is documented by irre- volcanic peaks of the down-dropped Grand placeable rock art images, quarries, villages, Wash trough. These cliffs, which consist of watchtowers, agricultural features, burial lower and upper cliffs separated by the sites, caves, rockshelters, trails, and camps. Grand Gulch Bench, form a spectacular Current evidence indicates that the monu- boundary between the basin and range and ment was utilized by small numbers of the Colorado Plateau geologic provinces. At hunter-gatherers during the Archaic Period the south end of the Shivwits Plateau are sev- (7000 B.C. to 300 B.C.). Population and utili- eral important tributaries to the Colorado zation of the monument increased during the River, including the rugged and beautiful Ancestral Puebloan Period from the Parashant, Andrus, and Whitmore canyons. Basketmaker II Phase through the Pueblo II 46 Jan. 11 / Administration of William J. Clinton, 2000 Phase (300 B.C. to 1150 A.D.), as evidenced tain ecosystems extreme to each other, rang- by the presence of pit houses, habitation ing from stark, arid desert to complex, dra- rooms, agricultural features, and pueblo matic higher elevation plateaus, tributaries, structures. Population size decreased during and rims of the Grand Canyon. The western the Pueblo III Phase (1150 A.D. to 1225 margin of the Shivwits Plateau marks the A.D.). Southern Paiute groups replaced the boundary between the Sonoran/Mojave/ Pueblo groups and were occupying the Great Basin floristic provinces to the west monument at the time of Euro-American and south, and the Colorado Plateau prov- contact. Archaeological sites in the monu- ince to the northeast. This intersection of ment include large concentrations of ances- these biomes is a distinctive and remarkable tral Puebloan (Anasazi or Hitsatsinom) vil- feature. Riparian corridors link the plateau lages, a large, intact Pueblo II village, numer- to the Colorado River corridor below, allow- ous archaic period archeological sites, ances- ing wildlife movement and plant dispersal. tral Puebloan sites, and Southern Paiute The Shivwits Plateau is in an arid environ- sites. The monument also contains areas of ment with between 14 to 18 inches of pre- importance to existing Indian tribes. cipitation a year. Giant Mojave Yucca cacti In 1776, the Escalante-Dominguez expe- proliferate in undisturbed conditions dition of Spanish explorers passed near throughout the monument.
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