Diccionari D'otorinolaringologia

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Diccionari D'otorinolaringologia La medicina i les ciències de la salut disposen, com totes les especialitats tècniques o científiques, d’un vocabulari específic per als continguts propis de la seva realitat. Aquest Diccionari d’otorinolaringologia inclou la ter- minologia de les disciplines que conformen l’otori- nolaringologia: l’otologia, la rinologia, la faringologia i la laringologia, que s’han articulat a partir de les espe- cialitats mèdiques d’anatomia, fisiologia, exploració, semiologia, patologia i terapèutica. El diccionari conté 1.362 termes en català, castellà i en anglès, amb la definició corresponent. També inclou un índex de noms científics. Diccionari d’otorinolaringologia Diccionari d’otorinolaringologia Generalitat de Catalunya Departament de Sanitat i Seguretat Social Departament de Cultura Diccionari d’otorinolaringologia TERMCAT, Centre de Terminologia Biblioteca de Catalunya. Dades CIP: Diccionari d’otorinolaringologia Text en català, equivalències en castellà i anglès. – Bibliografia. Índexs ISBN 84-393-5559-9 I. TERMCAT, Centre de Terminologia 1. Assegurances – Diccionaris – Català 2. Català – Diccionaris – Castellà 3. Català – Diccionaris – Anglès 616.21(038) © TERMCAT, Centre de Terminologia, 2001 Diputació, 119 – 08015 Barcelona [email protected] http://www.termcat.es Edició: TERMCAT, Centre de Terminologia Primera edició: novembre 2001 ISBN: 84-393-5559-9 Dipòsit legal: B-48334-2001 Coordinació de l’edició, disseny i composició: Entitat Autònoma del Diari Oficial i de Publicacions Impressió i enquadernació: Jomalsa Pròleg Un dels primers diccionaris especialitzats de la llengua catalana va ser el Dic- cionari de medicina que, dirigit per Manuel Corachan, es va editar el 1936. La dada és significativa perquè indica, al mateix temps, fins a quin punt el col·lectiu de professionals de la medicina catalana era capda- vanter en l’ús de la llengua catalana entre les professions liberals amb formació universitària i fins a quin punt per usar una llengua en un sector d’especialitat és del tot imprescindible comptar amb una termi- nologia ben fixada i acceptada. El 1936, quan es va publicar el Diccionari de medicina, qui l’havia dirigit era, precisament, conseller de Sanitat de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Tot just feia quatre anys de la publicació del Diccionari general de la llen- gua catalana i que el català havia estat reconegut com a idioma oficial a Catalunya. Després de segles de marginació començava a donar fruit l’obra d’institucionalització que, a la segona dècada del segle XX, havia iniciat la Mancomunitat i la llengua pròpia de Catalunya assolia algu- nes de les fites bàsiques d’un procés de recuperació que, si hagués perdurat sense interrupcions, li hauria permès un grau d’implantació social elevat. Les circumstàncies històriques, però, van portar a la llengua catalana dificul- tats prou conegudes que obligaren a tornar a començar passats més de quaranta anys. Per a superar-les, la Generalitat de Catalunya ha dut a terme una política continuada i constant de suport al català per acon- seguir que tothom a Catalunya el pugui aprendre i per facilitar l’exten- sió del seu ús social. Aquesta política compta amb un elevat grau de consens social i amb el suport de les institucions del país. Una d’aquestes actuacions ha estat la de facilitar l’adaptació de la llengua catalana a totes les necessitats comunicatives del món d’avui per tal de fer-la apta per al discurs especialitzat en els camps socioeconòmic, tèc- nic i científic. En aquest sentit, l’any 1985, per acord del Govern de la Generalitat i de l’Institut d’Estudis Catalans, es va constituir el centre de terminologia TERMCAT amb la finalitat de coordinar les activitats terminològiques relatives a la llengua catalana, elaborar recursos terminològics i oferir assessorament en aquesta matèria a l’Administra- ció de la Generalitat i a la societat en general. El TERMCAT, com a instrument de la política lingüística del Govern vinculat a l’Institut d’Es- tudis Catalans, contribueix a facilitar l’ús de la nostra llengua en els camps més diversos: els esports, les noves tecnologies, les comunica- cions empresarials, la indústria, la ciència o la tècnica. El Diccionari d’otorinolarigologia n’és una mostra que és resultat de la col·laboració d’especialistes de la medicina i de la terminologia per garantir la valide- sa conceptual de les definicions i la justesa lingüística dels termes que s’hi associen. Com a consellers de Sanitat i de Cultura del govern de la Generalitat confiem que aquesta obra tingui la difusió adequada perquè es converteixi en un instrument més, a l’abast dels professionals, per a l’extensió de l’ús del català a l’activitat mèdica. Eduard Rius Jordi Vilajoana Conseller de Sanitat i Seguretat Social Conseller de Cultura Presentació La gran varietat de la terminologia otorinolaringològica abraça des de parau- les d’ús molt habitual, com poden ser les diferents expressions que denominen una coriza, fins als aspectes més tècnics, com l’expressió més adient per al loudness anglès, sense oblidar el confusionisme entre algunes formes com orella i oïda. Era molt necessari posar una mica d’ordre en aquest nomenclàtor fins ara poc endreçat. La redacció amb Miquel Quer d’un Manual d’otorinolaringologia per a estu- diants, publicat a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (1992), ens proporcionà un mitjà per difondre i normalitzar aquesta nomenclatura entre els estudiants de la llicenciatura. El consell del TERMCAT ens va permetre d’incloure-hi un glossari de variants locals dels termes més vulgars. En la preparació d’aquest Diccionari, com a experts mèdics hi hem col·laborat Josep M. Fabra en la branca de rinologia, Miquel Quer, en la de farin- golaringologia i jo mateix en el camp de l’otologia. Això ens ha permès també d’assessorar la reedició del Diccionari Enciclopèdic de Medicina publicat per Enciclopèdia Catalana l’any 2000. Les primícies de tot aquest treball les vam presentar a una sessió de la Societat Catalana d’Otori- nolaringologia on van ser motiu d’una interessant polèmica. Celebrem que finalment surti l’edició completa i acabada d’aquest diccionari terminològic, fruit d’una dedicació que ens consta que ha estat exten- sa i acurada. El veiem com una eina molt útil per als otorinolaringòlegs de parla catalana. Pere Abelló Excatedràtic d’Otorinolaringologia Hospital de Sant Pau. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Sumari Introducció .......................................................... 9 Arbre de camp ............................................ 11 Abreviacions ................................................... 11 Diccionari ............................................................... 13 Índex castellà ................................................ 145 Índex anglès .................................................... 165 Índex de noms científics ...... 183 Bibliografia ........................................................ 191 Introducció La medicina i les ciències de la salut disposen, com totes les especialitats tècniques o científiques, d’un vocabulari específic per als continguts propis de la seva realitat. Aquest vocabulari, que és l’element principal de coneixement i de comunicació i una eina fonamental per a l’apre- nentatge, és usat pels professionals i els estudiants en els manuals, els protocols de les patologies, els informes, els articles científics, les con- ferències. Amb el Diccionari d’otorinolaringologia que presentem pre- tenem facilitar l’extensió de l’ús del català a l’entorn d’aquesta especi- alitat, especialment en l’ensenyament superior i la recerca, i també en les converses entre col·legues i amb els pacients. En aquest diccionari trobarem la terminologia essencial de les disciplines que conformen l’otorinolaringologia: l’otologia, la rinologia, la faringologia i la laringologia, que s’han articulat a partir de les especialitats mèdi- ques d’anatomia, fisiologia, exploració, semiologia, patologia i terapèu- tica. S’hi recullen també els termes relatius a la correcció auditiva que tenen una alta ocurrència en otologia (adaptació protètica), els aparells i instruments que es fan servir en les exploracions (abaixallengües, larin- goscopi) i els termes de patologia de la veu que tenen una relació direc- ta amb la laringe, com ara nòdul vocal i disfonia. La selecció dels ter- mes d’anatomia s’ha basat fonamentalment en la Nomina Anatomica, llista exhaustiva de termes llatins que anatomistes d’arreu del món ac- tualitzen periòdicament, i s’ha complementat amb d’altres d’ús gene- ralitzat en otorinolaringologia, com cadena ossicular o conducte sacular. L’especialització de les branques mèdiques i la incorporació de les noves tec- nologies al món de la salut obren noves perspectives que demanen també l’especialització de les paraules per als nous conceptes i les no- ves realitats. Molt sovint, la nova terminologia s’origina en una comu- nitat i arriba més tard al nostre entorn cultural i lingüístic amb formes que afegim al nostre lèxic. Així, s’ofereix una alternativa catalana per a casos com prova de l’incentiu visual per al manlleu peep show test, o prova d’adaptació auditiva per a tone decay test. Les formes que ho han requerit, com és el cas, per exemple, de la forma altura tonal (sin. 9 tonia) per substituir el manlleu anglès pitch, han estat aprovades pel Consell Supervisor del TERMCAT, l’organisme de normalització de la terminologia catalana, constituït per membres designats per la Secció Filològica de l’Institut d’Estudis Catalans i per membres del TERMCAT. El diccionari conté 1.362 termes en català, amb la definició corresponent
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