16 THE JO U R NA L THE OLDESTCHURCH IN LYCOMING COUNTY By BECKY KANE Introduction inured to hardships. They loved God and The LycomingPresbyterian Church of servedhim faithfully.Hating cyi:anny,they Newberry hasplayed a very significant role were truly Calvinistic in their beliefs, self in the history of Williamsport. It is the reliantandable to copewith the dangerand oldest church in Lycoming County. The privations of the wilderness. It was because exact d'ate of its founding is unknown, of thesequalities that theyi:etchedtheir des- although there is reliable evidence to show tination . . . only to find che territory dis- thac ii was already in existencein 1786 puked,claimed by both Indians and whites. because it was transferred from the juris- By the purchase of 1768 the Pennsylvania diction of the Donegal Presbytery to the land extended westward to the Tiadaghton Carlisle Presbytery in that year.I Creek. After this the Indians claimed the There is a probability that the missionary Lycoming to be the TiadaghtonCreek; the co the Indians,David Brainard.was at Ly- 'n'hires claimed thad Pine Creek was the coming Creek as early as 1746 becauseit Tiadaghton.Because of the controversyand is known that on .July'25,1746, he met and fearing bloodshedthe Proprietors made the preachedto the Indians at that point where proclamationsaying that no one could settle the Sheshequin Path crosses' Lycoming on this land. Creek. These settlers had land grants and had On October 3, 1792, the first call of the paid cashfor them so there seemednothing Lycoming Presbyterian congregation was to do but enter the land as "squatters extendedto the ReverendJohn Boyd,who which they did. The first to enter wns later returned it unaccepted. On April 9, Joseph Haines, followed by the Kings, Caro- 1794, the Reverend ' Isaac Grief was or- there, CaldwelJs, Hughes, Mahaffeys, Suttons, dained and installed as their first permanent Griers, Hagerman, Hays

DR. R. MAX GINGRICH, PllESIDENT N[R. JAMES P. B]\ESSILER, 3TID. VICE P13ESIDENT Chapter I lions, WRS a greater achievement than the DR. LLOYD E. WU13STER. IST. VICE P13ESIDENT N,:IR. AB.RUDI M. SNYDEI{, TREASURE13 THE JEALOUS CITY OF transcontinental railroad... The 363 mile 'f N/II:IS. HENRY PERCIBALLI, SECRETARY BROTHERLY LOVE canal had reduced freight rates bem'een FAIR.R[CnARD L. M]X, 2ND. VICE P]\ES]OENT Of all the statecanals, none could equal Albanyjnd New York from Slog.to $9 rhe Pennsylvania Canal' system for sheer a ton. The advantage.to. be reaped from DIRECTORS 1963-1965 DIRECTORS 1964-1966 imaginativeness. The Erie was the most the canal.was quickly indicated..by the fact MISS MAI\GARET B. CORYELL N4R. DONALD M. (;ARSON successful, the Chesapeake and Ohio, tile that 3500 new commercial buildings were most scenic,and the'Morris, the most by- built in the city one year after the com- DR. LEROY F. DORR MBS. JOHN LINDEb]UT]] draulically complex; but the Pennsylvania pletion. MR. SAMUEL DORNSIFE MR. FRANK \V. BRUNNER MR. GIBSON ANTES (ADVISORY> Canalsystem, in the age of canal mania,has . Baltimore, too, was concernedabout its the host bizarre of histories. future commercial position. For some time, EX-OFFICIO MISS }VIAnY RIDErs. ( REPORTER) This mania had been causedby the patent it had been .enjoying the highly risky raf t- IVOR. JAIIES P. BRESSLER successof the Erie Canalitl 'New'York ing tmde down the SusquehannaRiver State u,hich was completed largely through through the rapids. at Conowingo Gap and EDITOR che untiring eff ons of the' far-sighted onto the Chesapeake Bay. Now Baltimore, MR. L. RODE,IAN WU13STER Dewitt Clinton. Overnight Clinton's ditch with the aid of lobbyists and sympathetic had transformed New York City from a Representatives from central Pennsylvania ASSISTANT EDITOR Hudson River market down to the nation's counties, sought to persuadethe Pennsylva- EILEEN T. ADAMS rop seaport.The city that lost the most by nia legislature to build a. canal.along.the this change was rhe nearby sister city of lower Susquehanna around the Conowingo Philadelphia. Understandably, the ati;ens Gap to make transportation to Baltimore of Philadelphia were perturbed at the pros- more profitable Extra Copies of The Journal Fif ty Cents Each pect of losing commerceand its concomit- They were not to, succeed.. Philadelphia ant advantages. At that time, Franklin's wls in the process of mobilizing. the most city was still the nation's most populous effective pressuregroups . heretofore seen: city as well as a cultural focal point. ' The Pennsylvania Society for the Promotion By che early nineteenth century, the In- of Internal Improvements in the Common- dustrial Revolution was well under way in wealth. Founded in 1825, the Pennsylvania America and the stage coachesand mule Improvement Society, as it was more often caravans were not equal to its demands. called, was laden with the respectability CONTENTS SenatorHenry Clay of Kentucky was calling of Philadelphia's elite. They prepared. a for an American 'systetn of Federal subsi- memorial to !he State Legislacule calling dazed internal improvements to connect the for the immediate construction of a Penn- Northwest and Northeast. The American sylvania Canal through public money. These Water Wonderway: A History of the Pennsylvania Canal James Humps commercial interests were loath to watcll signed memorials which camefrom all parts the foreign port of New Orleansdrain the of the Commonwealth in addition to a trade from the recently acquired Northwest, canal convention that represented 89 .of the separatedfrom the East by rhe Appalachians. 110 Pennsylvania counties produced .such 9 Beulah Land Clark B. Kahler In Pennsylvania, the 'newly 'constructed powerful pres?ure that the legi?lativg body turnpike from Pittsburgh 'through the was persuaded to set up a board of canal AJleghenies[o Philadelphia had cut travel- commissioners. ling time fmm twenty-live days to fifteen. The Pennsylvania Improvement Society, SomeThings From The Paso Carlton E. Fink 10 But generallyconditions had 'not changed however,did not find its lobbyingtask .an much since the daysof the Constitutional easy one. There was vigorous opposition Convention when the f orefothers had pro- from the teamstersand the t?vern keepers vided f our naonths between the presidential who found their way of life threatened. The Early History of the Loyalsock Dr. Lloyd E. Wurster 14 election and the Presidential inauguration. Especially in the southern tier of counties New York State had met the Challenge that bordered Maryland were these outcrie? of the Industrial Revolution by the com- from thosefarmers whose trade was oriented 16 p[etion of the Erie Canal in ],823, whic]l more towards Baltimore than Philadelphia. The Oldest Church in Lycoming County -- Becky Kane perhaps, considering rhe times and condi- One of these farmers was a young ScareLeg- 4 T H E JO U R N A L 5 islator named James Buchanan who was Conemaugh Rivers were not to be connected followed the SusquehannaRiver from Col- up to one of the biggest debaucheries of more articulatein exposingthe prematurity by a railroadthat would clitnb 1,398feet umbiaup to Amity Hall, north of Harris- any state treasury heretofore witnessed and expenditureof such a canal project as on the easternside and 1.171feet on the burg, where it followed the Susquehanna's which only goes to belie the widespread well as the constitutionality of such a lobby- western slope. Although this rain:oad at tributary, the Juniaca, until it reached the belief that political graft was mostly a ing group as the Pennsylvania Improvement Portage was not to be completed until 1834, Allegheny and Postage Railroad which phenomenon of the post-bellum days. Society than he was to be later in assess- it was one of the reasonswhy that justified connected to the Conemaugh River on the other side of the mountain It was such shoddy shenanigansfor canals ing the slavery problem as President. calling the Main Line of the Pennsylvania whose construction had been inaugurated But the Pennsylvania Improvement Canal a "water wonderway". In negotiating It must be remembered that the canal so auspiciously. Although the Pennsylvania Society was not the first to see the advan- the mountain.Canvass White. the brilliant boats towed by horses and mules did not, Canal bill had been cleared by the tagesof an inland waterway in Pennsylvania engineer, planned a complex railroad line except rarely, navigate the perilously swift Assembly, State Senate and the Governor, The Father of our Commonwealth.William Charles Dickens explains it in his Hmeffca/; rivers themselves, but rather followed all in the month of February, it was decided, Penn, had suggesteda canal between the }qotes . dredged-ouc back-water channels that paul as was the custom in the inauguration of Susquehannaand Delaware in 1690. And There are ten inclined planes; five led the river routes.The engineerswho many state projects, to wait until the Fourth the Father of our Country, when he sec ascending, and five descending designed the channels were of necessity of July for breakingthe ground at Harris- out from Philadelphia in 1791, to supress rhe carriages are dragged up the imported from New York State.Men like burg. July 4, 1826 was rather a specialday the Whiskey Rebellion in Southwestern former and let slowly down the James Geddes and Nathan Roberts had in American history f or, besides being the Pennsylvania,w&s also looking the ground latter by means of stationary en- participated in the construction of the Erie golden anniversary of the first Indepen- over as a possible canal route. He was gines; the comparativelylevel Canal. Thus. it was understandable that the dence Day, it witnessed the death of the accompanied by David Rittenhouse, the spacesbetween being traversed by Main Line of the Pennsylvania Canal would two founding fathers, John Adams and astronomer.who as a memberof the horses, and sometimes by engine follow the general pattern of the successful Thomas Jefferson. Pennsylvania history also American Philosophical Society, had helped power, as the case demands. Erie. The canalswere forty feet wide at the witnessed on that day the birth of her to make America's first canal survey over On the otherside of the state.the rail top and twenty-eight feet at the bottom of favorite bard, Stephen Foster the route between Middletown on the road of Main Line of the Pennsylvanizl this four-foot deep channel. But as the With the passage of ten years and with Susquehanna and Reading on the Schuylkill. was to leave a lasting imprint. The sub- building of the railroads showed, the Penn- the accumulation of a state deficit of over Chapter ll urban towns just outside of Philadelphia sylvania Canal was going to [ax the thirty million dollars,the Main Line of CANALS.CONSTRUCTION through which the old horse-drawnrailroad inventiveness of these engineers, far more the Pennsylvania Canal was virtually com- AND CORRUPTION ran is still calledthe Main Line. (it must than the topographically convenient Erie. pleted. In the meantime, other branch lines Under the new Canal Commission of be emphasized that the English George In addition to thirty-seven viaducts and such as the two canal lines of the West and Darlington, Scott and Patterson, a canal sur Stephenson, who launched his first scean) eight bridges, the Pennsylvania had one North Branches of the Susquehanna had vey of Pennsylvania was undertaken. There engine railroad caf in 1825, was still an hundred and seventy five locks to seventy been built to placate the up-state legislators were two obstacles in any inland waterway unknown. ) for rhe Erie. One of the great engineering whose votes were needed on any appropri- to Philadelphia.First there were the The horse-drawn railroad car was used triumphs was a 90] f oot tunnel at Staple ation bill. Thaddeus Stevens, a politician Allegheny Mountains to surmount; second, for the entire distance except a point lust Bend, nearAltoonaf which at that time was whose political craft has never been over- there was no natural water route from the outside Philadelphia. There was ai inclined the biggestin the world. rated, even had a branch line built to one Susquehannato Philadelphia.But since it plane of a mile in length on which several But if the engineerswere imported from his factories located in Adams County. But was the City of Brotherly Love that was carswere pulled up the gradeat once by IVew York, rhe laborers, were imported in more than just plain "pork barrelling" it directly responsible for the canal survey, she an immense hawser, a stationary engine at the main. from Ireland. The railroads then was graft that slowed up construction pay- was not going to let herself be bypassed the top being the motive power. From there were nor the first to exploit the cheaplabor ments. Ficticious horses, as well as ficticious in a water route that might have more the horses would be attached again. of these Celtic peasants. Since the Protestant laborers were regularly listed on the public easily ended in Baltimore. Since this was the first state-owned rail- Teutonic population of Pennsylvania and records.Just to rake one exampleof mal- Thus. it was decided that the crude road in the world, it had many precedents the Catholic Irish are innate opposites,it is practices used, the amount of money Conowingo Canal, the first built in Penn- to make. At the inception it was regarded only surprisingthat there were not more appropriated for the purchase of firewood sylvania, was not really navigable. The 77 comparableto a canal or turnpike; it was a outbursts of violence in those areas where jumped from $19,000 in 1831 to Silo,000 mile Union Canal from Middletown to public highway upon which any one might groups of pugnaciousIrish were shunned the next year. Some of the stench began Reading, which conceivably could have been put his own vehicle and operate it on pay- by the resentful natives. to reach the public nose not long after the a key link in a canal that would connect ment of the tolls. Farmers became accustom- Whiskey, which was as much the staple canal was begun, but it was not until 1834 the Susquehanna to Philadelphia, was found ed to putting meir own cars on the single of the Irish as rice was for the Chinese that the Lower House finally felt compelled to be too narrow.Furthermore. this Union track line and thus brought competition Cooties in the building of the Western Rail- to appoint an Assembly investigating com- Canal,built through lottery money througll to the state not onb in hauling their own road. often served as a detonator in these mittee. Their report was a virtual whitewasll state authorization, had proved to be a leaky products, but in public transportation too fights. In all, though,the cost of this staple with the notable exception of a vigorous boat that needed continual bailing out The resulting confusion was inevitable. The f or this "cheap" labor was not a cheap item censure of an ex-Assemblyman who, since Instead it was decided to build a railroad statefirst double-trackedthe line and then on the state financial ledger. Not only were he wasn't returned to the body, was thus from the terminus of the canal at Columbia in 1834 eliminated all horses and assumed thousandsof dollars spent in the consump- fair game for any criticism. The absence on the Susquehanna to Philadelphia, distance operation of a]] the cars. tion of bottles, but thousands were spent of any minority viewpoint in the report of 82 miles. The other obstaclewas to be Thus, Philadelphia was able to tack itself on bottles that were never drunk much less gives accurate indication of how bi-partisan met by railroads, too. The Juniata and onto the central arteriesof the canal which seen.The paper cost of chosearticles added the corruption was. 6 TH E JO U R N A L 7

Chapter lll The waterwaywould then parallel the With this sort of atmosphere, it is of speculative borrowing collapsed. Worst THE PENNY-WONDER JLmiata River until it met the Allegheny understandable why canallers were picked hit of the eastern states was Pennsylvania; CARAVANS Mountains at Postage.Dickens found the morefor their fighting ability than their suddenly she found herself with a state debt One might wonderhow Dickensmight ride over the mountainsa shakingoccasion seamanship.Rivalry between boats led to close to 35 million and with not enough have further embellishedhis accountof Occasionallythe rails are laid upon hard races to be the first through the lock. revenue from the canals to even come in Pennsylvania Canal travel had he been rhe extreme vei:ge of a giddy precipice; Sometimestow lines werecut in the sighs of paying the interest on the debt. aware of the canal's colorful political his- and looking from the carriage window, struggle. The panic of 1837 forced her to suspend tory. As it is about the only thing that the traveller gazes sheer down, with Towpath walkers watched f or such law- her specie payments and she had to pay her comes out unscathed in his treatment of out a stone or scrap of fence between lessness. These ]nen would fine a steersman interest payments for that year and the canal boat life, the Susquehanna countryside into the mountain depths below [en dollars f or speeding three miles per hour two succeeding ones in paper money. The is praised by Dickens. The English author By the time I)ickenswent over the or over. They would also check the condi- resulting inflation caused her bonds [o likens the canal boat he rode in to " a cara- Alleghenies, travel had been more stream- tions of the canalbanks. which were natural plumes. On February 1, 1840, Pennsylvania van at a fair . . . in one of thoselocomotive lined. John Dougherty had thought of the havens for animals like muskrats and would, was forced to default in the payment of museums of penny wonders' when necessary,call in a rescueboat for interest; meanwhile her debt was mounting idea of making the packet or any other closeto 50. million. Like many travellers, Dickens had con- line cargo boat inca two independent halves repays. tacted a travel agent, boughs his ticket, and strapped together.. Then the railroads each But by the end of the nineteenthcentury, The most revenue the Pennsylvania Canal made his seat reservation; the cost would half-boat could be taken over the mountain canal life had become pretty tame. The ways could produce was $700,000.Although irs roughly average four cents a mile. The day by itself; there would be no needf or pass- of the old water shanty people were now lanes were kept busy, it was a financial of his departure, he would be aroused in the engers to make the cumbersome transfer. considered quaint; one indication that this disaster. To keep pace with the competitive hoursof early dawn by a horn from a stage- His Reliable Boat Line, which started in frontier life had beenconquered by Ameri- Erie. it had to reduce rates to uneconomic coach-buswhich would take him and his 1836, probably was the one that serviced can women was the sight of the boar win- levels. luggageto the embarkingstation of the Dickens. dows where neat curtains framed a por of But the real tragedywas that the Penn- Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad Main- The line boats were the tracks of the geraniums. sylvania Canal, af ter eleven years, had been line. \ghent he railroad car reached Colum- waterways; these boars, hauled by mules consumed. and after millions had been Chapter IV spent, found itself upon completion already bia on the lower Susquehanna, they would generallycharged about three and one-half IRON HORSEON THE TOWPATHS again transfer themselvesonto a packet cents per mile. Compared to the eighteen outmoded. boat. The packet boat was the express and one-half cent rate in the days of river But the PennsylvaniaCanal seems to have Railroading, with its advantages of flex- mainliner reserved only for passengers. Its rafting in Durham barges,this was a great passedfrom rollicking youth to bucolic old ibility and speed,was proving to be a f ar somewhat prosaic shape, which resembled reduction.For their work, steersmenwere age without an intervening stage. Hardly more convenient means of transportation a flat box on a flat barge, was easily com- usually paid forty dollars a week; bowsmen was the Main Line completed in 1836 in Pennsylvania.As far backas 1829,a pensated for by brilliant stripes of red, were paid half of that and cooks, half the before it became obsolescenr; the canal chartered rain:oad from Harrisburg to yellow and green. Dickens was most taken pay of the bowsmen.Passengers would also that was to be Pennsylvania'sbread-winner Pittsburgh was making faster time over the became instead a financial burden. by the inside. utilize these line boats in interior traveling hilly terrain than WRSthe paralledwaterway I found suspended on either side Like the mail trains. rates were low. but It was a sad ending for a story that began through all the locks. with unbounded enthusiasm. The two de of the cabin, three long tiers of hang- rates of speed even lower. There were some Pennsylvanianswho ing bookshelves . . . Looking with Canaltravel even had its own version of cades following the war of 1812 had foresaw Chose advantages while the canal greater attention at these contrivances stage-coach hold-ups. It was the custom of witnessed an unprecedented swell of pros- was being authorized. George Strickland, (wondering to find such literary some water highway marauders to board perity. The FederalGovernment had paid n,ho was sent by the Pennsylvania Improve- preparationsin such a place). I dis- from bridges under which the line boats off the national debt and had to distribute ment Society to England to study the canal covered on each shelf a microscopic passed. a surplusin the nationaltreasury to the system, sent back an endorsement for sheet and blanket; then I began clearly After robbing the passengersof their Stagegovernments. With that eventit was Stephenson's Stockton and Darlington steam to comprehend char the passengers belongings, they would then hop the next thought nothing untowardcould happen; engine railroad in 1825. The Society fool- were the library and that they were convenient bridge. Immigrants were con- it seemed to strengthen the popular belief ishly disregardedhis report in their prep- to be arranged edgewise on these sidered especiallygood sport for these hi- that the millenium had come. aration of rhe memorial. Even in Harrisburg shelves till morning. jackers. Among the worst of these types In this spirit of optimism, Pennsylvanians the Societyfound oppositionfrom John After spendingthe night in sucha way were the Schuylkill Rangers, a professional thought the canalwould not only bring un- Stevens, a horse-operated railroad enthusiast near Harrisburg,the picket would wind team that operatednear Lebanonand paralleled wealth through the expanded who was lobbying for a state charter. It was its way up the right bank of the Susque- Pottsville. commerce but that the canal revenues would his railroad Chatgot the charter from Harris- hanna until it met the Juniata fork west. Stealing was nQt just confined to the pay for aIJ the Scaregovernment expenses burg [o Pittsburgh in 1829. At this point theme was an immense tow thugs. Many canal line boaters were not The canal mania played a central foie But mostPennsylvanians thought that bridge whose double-story allowed two-way above snaring a plump chicken from one in the third and f ourth decades of that the new steamengines on rails would cause traffic. The horsespulling the packetsin of the farms bordering the waterway. In century in a spending orgy trac carried fires, create a big business monoply, and both directionswould thus crossthe river a sort of nineteenth century protection with it the inevitable curses of speculation, be too expensive to maintain especially by the tow-bridgewhile the packerwould racket. some farmers would have a row of inflation and financial legerdemain during the snowy Pennsylvania winters. be drawn over ; viaduct that spanned the cornor a row of applefrees right next In 1837 the bubbleburst; a flimsy bank- Furthermore. the railroad cars could not be river. to the canal. ing system underneath an increasing loaH- a moving camp of soldiers like the canal 8 T H E JO U R N A L 9 boatscould in time of war. But the fact After spending over $65,000,000on ration fot them to new homesteads away port were almostnon-existent until the that ice was a greater hazard to canals than canal works, the Seats government started from the seaports.In the sameway the cdna! commerce of che canal made them important snow was to railroads, the canal system was to terminate her interest in the waterway had much to do with the peopling of centers. Likewise, f actories began to spring [oo expensive to be economical. system. To keep abreast of New York State's Yankee stock in the Midwest. It will never up in the interior now that they had be known how influential the canal was in The Pennsylvania Canal cost about Erie in a desperaterace to maintainher avenues for their products declining commercial prestige, she had helping to cement the ties between the Thus, on balance, it may be said that the $25,000 per mile while railroads never cost Northeast and Northwest that was to be over $15,000 per mile and seldom that spent more than any other state. Unfortu- Pennsylvania Canal built up the inferior of much. while branch lines could be construc nately, Pennsylvania'smountains were top- ehe winning alliance in the Civil War. the Commonwealth and afforded its mineral ted for as little as $600 per mile ographically unsuitable for a state-wide '\ The canal was also responsible for popu and agriculturalresources an outlet which It is hard to say how many miles of canal, and she had begun too late. Her late lacing the hinterlands of the scare.Middle itllowed Pennsylvanians to pay heavy taxes, canal the PennsylvaniaState Government start meant she had to pay at inflationai'y / sized cities like Johnstown and Williams- but prosper as well. owned. Probably the high paine was in levels. Even Chen competent and honest 1840 when it owned about 606 miles. Close political administration might have rendered to half of this was cheMain Line division the Main Line of the canala fair return BEULLAH LAND excluding the railroad divisions of 276 to the taxpayers.. But when, after years miles. Next was the North Branch and the of boondoggling, pork-barrelling, and cor- BFCLARK B. ]lumber road, they like signingthe deathwarrant for the of traffic that the more level Erie could, indeed very interesting; and shows the could hear him singing to himself, "Buellah canal. even with New York State's longer winters lastingeffect that an old circuit rider Land, Sweet Buellah Land". Many of the Not only did the new railroad select With the ]ockageof the PennsylvaniaCanal could have upon a mountain people men stopped their cutting for a moment nearlyf our timesthat of the Erie, many nnd listened as he sang that beautiful hymn. Philadelphia and Pittsburgh for its termin Years ago, this particular country was Philadelphia businessmen,much to the em- They knew he would bring chemnews from als, but it actually parall.ekedthe main canal a very busy lumbering operation, where the outside and hold a service for them up the Juniata River and down che Cone- barrassmentof the State Legislators, found millions of feet of pine and hemlocktimber it more profitable to ship their west-bound that night. maughf or that was the only logical rouge were cut from the mountains. A large crew for such a line goods [o New York and then onto the Erie. That night in the camplobby, the Circuit were engaged at the task, so on rop of the By 1854, the western route was com- Nevertheless.the Main Line of the mountain a small lumber settlement devel- Rider was asked to conduct a service. which pleted and the route immediately began to Pent)sylvania Canal remained the most am oped. At the time it was known as The he obligingly did. Taking his much worn cut heavilyinto the canal'sbusiness. That bitious and most extensive State enterprise \ Barrels,for asidefrom a farm or two,it Bible, he read to them from the Scriptures very year, the Governor was compelled [o yet undertaken.Although the 606 miles was a vast timbered area, and a lumber and then made a few prayers.At hymn time of the Canal were not a success,it was not / they requested him to sing again his favorite ask for scaled bids for the purchase of the operation. main canal. Not for three years were there withoutits lastinginfluences. It wasfar hymn, "Buellah Land", but this time all any bide; then the dreaded rival, the Pennsyl- more than lust a skeletal outline for the The houseswere the regular rough board joined in che singing. After closing his vania Railroad bought it out for $7,500.00. coming railroads kind, of a temporarynature, for they were service with a blessing upon everyone, the The PennsylvaniaRailroad had already tak- The statewide waterway system, connect- only to last as long as the timber held out. old gentleman) retired to a lumberman's en over the Columbiaand PortageRail- ing to the W'est, allowed Philadelphia to The main building wasthat of the Boarding bunk maintain her commercial prestige among House, where the lumbermen ate and slept, The rlext morning he departedfrom the roads connecting the canals; when the who did not hztve families with them. State government attempted to lease the the country's biggest cities. Without the, camp, in a terrible snow storm, headed for canal to the PennsylvaniaRailroad f or 999 canal.New York with the Erie or one of Another small building servedas the school Blackwell. a small lumber town about ten years was declared illegal by the State Gulf Coast cities like New Orleans with house. where the children went to learn miles away. There he was expected by the Supreme Court, the purchase of the canal the Mississippi River, might have drained their three R's. Blackwell Family, and supposed to conduct was inevitable. The profit margin for the trade away at Philadelphia's expense Althoughthe little settlementdid not a service in their home that evening. PennsylvaniaCanal in that last year before ]'he canal project brought hoards of have a church, they still read rhe Bible and Later thad day, the people at CedarRun, the sale was $62,100 which hardly was immigrants like the Irish to the country were a God-fearing and respectable people. a town at the foot of th8 mountain,fbund enough to pay a bit of the yearly interest. and also provided the means of transpor- Now and then they were visited by a Circuit his horse riderless, which they i:ecognizcd 10 T H E JO U R N A L 11 and stabledit. But when the Circuit Rider gathered around his grave, the leader asked the County Seat. In the morning it was now in rhe possession of the said Reynolds did not appear; they became alarmed and them to sing a hymn. They selected "Beullah found that his saddlebags had been cut and Temple,with a stable and one half acre sent a rider to The Barrens to make inquiry Land", his favorite, which he had sung at open and his official documentsstolen. It of land, with a still house erected on said mere. his last service in The Barrens. was believed char these were the papers land, which the said Wallace is to hold at rhe praisement of [wo men to be chosen by They soon realized that something must Chat would eventually have given Jaysburg Before departing from his grave, it wzs the county seat. Lycoming County was the said partiesagainst the first day of have happened to the old gentleman, so decided to change the name of The Barrens immediately started to search for him. At to that of Buellah Land. in honor and organizedon April 13, 1795. June insuring the date thereof,for whicl} last he was found unconscious. at the bottom the said Wallace is to pay the said memoryof the Old Circuit Rider, whom September 22, 1798, Jacob Laccha con- Reynolds and Teeple twenty-five pounds in of a steep ravine below the road. He was they all loved. So it has been known from veyed a lot for five shillings to John tenderly placed acrossa horse and taken that time. Cummins and John Stewart, trustees, for hand before possessionis given, and twenty- an English school house.The nominal price five pounds against the first of January, to Blackwell,where they summoned the Today the settlement has disappeared, the 1707,and threehundred and thirty three doctor.Due to exposureand his age,his forest recut.'the farms abandonedfrom 8 of the lot bound the trusteesto the specified condition was critical. and he died the nationality of the school to be taught. gallons of merchantable whiskey against following day, at the homeof the Blackwell cultivation; and only hunting cabins re- the first day of April, 1798, and the said main. Here still is a beautiful area of Among the early settlerswere the Upde- Reynolds and Temple is to have the use of Family. The news of his death was soon graffs who were Hollanders, prosperous old mountain country, filled with game and passedalong to The Barrensand the towns settlers and of sterling character, and not the kitchen and one room in the dwelling wildlife of many kinds. llouscuntil the first day of June next.The char he had visited. Work ceasedin the on good terms with the town boomers, They aforesaid' still houseand well is to be woods. while some of the lumbermen took God, through the aid of Mosher Nature, settled on Long Reach and did not want the task of making a crude pine coffin and leas erased many scars left upon the area a town so close to them. They wanted appraised separately by itself, which the Saws and axes are seldom heard to break said Wallace is to pay besides the aforesaid headboard,others prepared the grave, in their children taught in Dutch. The German sum, and to the true performanceof the the stillness. Beautiful white birches grow families wanted their children taught in the Blackwell Cemetery. above articles the parties both do bind The burial service was simple but touch- everywhere, together with the aspins and high German. The Scotch and Irish proposed themselves. and their heirs. executors. pretty oak trees. Only one Ching from the [o have their children instructed in the ing, and was conducted by a lumberman. administrators, and assigns the parcels of Taking the Circuit Rider's Bible, which past still remains, and that is rhe beautiful English catechism. As the latter were the laonor to the memory of the Old Circuit prompters of the town they carried meir five hundred pounds, lawful money of the was found in his saddlebag,he read a part state aforesaid, signed, witnessed, and dated Rider, the name of BueJlah Land point and the schoolhouse was built, though of Scripture and made a prayer. As they June 1, 1778. very little used owing to the early decadence of rhe settlement.Updegraffs then built In 1795 George Sloan purchased land their own schoolhouse which was of log opposite the house mentioned and erected SOMETH I NG.SFROM THE PAST construction and was built on the Derick a log buildingfor a hotelwhich is still Information compiled fi:om various sourcesby hlr. Carlton E. Fink Updegraff farm. It is not known for sure standingand is the oldesthotel in in what year it was built but it burned Williamsport, the "Newberry Hotel." He down in 1861, when another Long Reach it was taken for granted that Jaysburg had the custom of nearly itll the old settlers The boys in blue trained on the green school was built and did a fair trade. Nearly every old which is now Diamond Square. would be the county seal and Jacob On October 26th. 1785. the land, on Latchta erected a log and plank house After Jaysburg lost the county seat all personmust have their gill of rum or which Jaysburgwas located,.was granted and jail. This buildingstood a few activities centered on the Sutton plot which whiskey, some three times daily. Pounds, to William Paul for district No. I of the feet to the rear of where the Winter home was already laid out in the building lots shilling and pencewere the financial basis. Sloan would have weaving done for his new purchase, which in the survey was on Water Streetstands. which was then ToadyClark built a log housenear the called' Pleasant Grove. Paul sold his land occupied by Thomas Caldwell, and which presentsite of the Bank of Newberry.A customers and all put it on their bill. At one to Abraham Latcha. Af ter his death Jacob IS still standing (1949) and is the oldest family namedBastian lived in one end, the time the ledger of accounts was in the pos- Latcha. his eldest son. secured the interests house in Williamsport. The first commis- other end was used as a schoolroom. The session of Mr. Oberfell, a later proprietor, of the other heirs and had a town laid sioners were sworn into office in this first teacher was Rachel Stevenson. This and from which this inf ormation was taken. out early in 1794.He calledit Jaysburgin blouseDecember 18th. 1795. The first and building stood idle for a long time in the Its location today is unknown honor of John Jay, then a prominent second terms of court were held in the early 1870's and it was set afire and burned Jaysburg in the 80's was still the same American statesmanand one of the signers Caldwell home. and the third term was held down. Jaysburg.The old families and their descen- of the Declaration of Independerlce. He in the building that had already been erected The second house to be built on the dents stayed on the ground. The, life of those namedthe streetsWater. 2nd., 3rd., 4th., by Jacob Latcha for the county jail where Sutton plot in Newberry was one built by days was colnparacively simple compared 5th., and Market and Queen. What is now the court recordsand county officials held Reynolds and Teeple and was later purchased with today. The town was slow, she could West Fourth Street in Newberry was then f oath until the completion of our present by Alex Wallace.This agreementwas dared boast of but three industries, the I)odge Marker Street. Queen Srreec still bears its court houseabout the years 1805 or 1806. November, 1796, between David Reynolds and Fesslers Saw Mill, the Susquehanna name. John Dunlap ran a tavern in Jaysburg, and John Teeple on the one part, and Boom, and the Mosser's Tannery. The Cata- When the land proprietors of Jaysbuig, and it was here that a messengerfrom Alexander Wallace on the other parc: wissa Railroad, now the Reading, and the Newbeny, and Williamsport were contest- Northumberland stopped on his way to witnesseth thad the said Reynolds and Teeple Jersey Shore, Pine Creek and Buff alo Rail- ing for the locationof the seatof testify againstWilliamsport in the pro both bargainedand sold to said Wallace road. now the New York Central were not Lycoming County about to be organized, ceedingsas to the proper place to locate a certain house and lot in Newberry towln, here until 1883. The tannery operated the 12 THE JO U R N A L 13 year round.In the fall when the mills and the coming of the lumber industry about and down sawspowered by water were tile witll his crew of men knew that their work the boom suspended operations, a majority the year 1850. The Dodge, James and Stokes direct successors of the old pit saw, a com- as river men had come [o an end, they had of the men would migrate to the woods mills were erected about the year 1864 and mon cross-cutwith one man in the pit and cuffed their last log and that they could put where they would cut, skid logs, or peel bark gave Newberry a prestige enjoyed by fen another on top of the log furnishing the away their canthooksand their calked shoes and when the first spring'freshit would places.There can be no doubtthat the power. Another inovation was the first and that che work they had been doing come they would roll the logs into the erection of the Susquehanna Boom aided steam driven sawmill which was introduced would soon be but a memory. small streamsto be floated down to the immeasurably to the development of the by Peter Tinsman, January 1, 1852. Then Just before one o'clock on the afternoon river and thence to the boom. In the late lumber industry throughout the entire West with the advent of the steam mill came the of December 17. 1919. watchers on the fall many of the men would husk corn. Branch Valley. This boom built for the circular saw. When the band saw was bank of the mill pond near the Williams- They husked so many bushels for so many storing of a vast number of logs from year introduced it was a big step f onward. In port Mill of the Central Pennsylvania bushelsin return, and this gave them feect [o year, and holding them securely, pre- 1836, Williamsport's first saw mill was Lumber Company saw a maple log encased for their hogs. Most kept it lease two of paratory to the manufacture into lumber built at the f oot of Locust Street. It was in ice and snow, guided by the canthook Chem. To convey the activity of the town at the various mills, certainly has a history' poweredby water and had four "up and of that veteran lumberman, Henry Decker, beforethe comingof the lumber days,as well worth preserving for the future gener- down saws". It was called the "Big Water approach the slip. Slowly, almost reluctantly well as to show the lines of industry then ations. Prior to the coming of the railroads Mill." One of the most influential men in it seemed, this log slipped through the existing, I will give you the following occu- all lumberwas moved via the 'WestBranch the development of the lumber industry on water almost as if it were consciousof its pations; Coopers, wheelwrights, blacksmiths, Canal.The loading dock was at the foot the West Branch was Major JamesH. role in the drama of the end of the tailors, saddlers, canoe makers, potters, clod( of Arch Street,where once a ferry plied Perkins, born in 1803 in New Hampshire, Williamsport lumber industi:y. As the log makers and repairmen, and dressmakers. acrossthe river. The need for providing who came to Williamsport in 1845. He reachedthe slip, it wasbitten into by the Betsy Rannels, who lived in Jaysburg, was facilities to reach the large number of bought the Big Water Mill, and armed sharp teeth of the chain. D. L (Tippy) the leading dressmaker. At Antesfort there sawmillsthat lined the river bank resulted with capital, business experience, and plenty Davis, another veteran lumberman, guided lived one Mary Anderson,a bright young in the building of the Lumber Branch of energy,soon demonstrated that the the log onto the skids where it was seized girl, whose parents wanted her to learn the Railroad, in 1864. The lumber industry that lumber industry had a brilliant future. He by the clamps of the huge carrier and trade. One day she was loaded on a raff gave Williamsport the name of the Lumber sold this mill and built one operatedby whirled back and forth past the big band together with a young heifer, and floated or SawDust City hasmoved to the North- steam at Duboistown, which he operated saw. Quickly the maple log was sawed into down the river to the home of Betsy Ran- west and Canada.The day of the canal has for fourteen years. two inch planks. As the sharp saw passed nels for six months apprenticeship.The passed. It has given way to more modern When the lumber became exhausted in through the last piece of the log, William heifer was the pay for her board and ways of transportation. Wood as a material (Micky) Wilson, who was in charge of instruction. On another occasion Colonel for many productsis being replacedby the vicinity of Williamsport, a cheapmeth- od of transportation of the logs from a the saw, knew that the last log in the work W'illiam McMeen, one of the pioneer metal and plastics.The possibilities of the distancehad to be found. There were of rhe Williamsport Mill had now been settlers on the Long Reach who also was future are too great [o contemplate cut. He knew alsothat his work and the liver commissioner, had a business trip millions of trees, both while pine and work of the lumber men was done here. which would take him down the river to Never again shall our citizens be able hemlock, karcher up the river. The logical to walk on the boardwalks that former way to get them to the mills was by the The shutting down of the mill marked the Harrisburg. He called on John Murphy, who citizens once tread. Never again will be the river and the streamsthat ran into it. There final chapter in Williamsport's remarkable was the tailor, and who lived on the spot sound of the calked boots on them. Those land to be something to hold them until the industry. where the old Jackson School stood, and who worked on the boom. called boom lars mills couldcut them. Gone were the majestic forests of pine was measured for a new pair of pants. have passed [o their reward. Their bois- and hemlock.Gone are the men of those Murphy was a great talker and beganto terous and hearty laughter and their antics To solve this problem, Major Perkins days, sturdy and true, strong in their beliefs, talk abouthis trade.He had a very attractive as the lumbermen moved about our city put into operationa devicethat wasto their likes and dislikes, yet very fine men girl who gave great admiration for McMeen. have gone clever to be replaced. Their revolutionize the lumber industry. The boom withal in the best sense.Out of the pictures The talk and the making of the pants weathered skin and picturesque dress have consisted of a chain of logs screeched have passed those unique charactersof the continued apace until nearly daylight the alike disappeared. diagonally across the river. At its height, back woods and the i:ives front. Into the following morning when McMeen aroseto the boom extendedfrom the river opposite limbo of the past have gone the raftsmen In 1850 Williamsport was a sleepy village WilJiamsport to Linden, a distance of six leave. Murphy said, "Now Mr. McMeen with their coon skin caps and picturesque here is your pants finished and a]] ready of 1,615 people. In 1860-it was the lumber miles, and was capable of holding 3,000,000 f or you to weak'." He had promisedto have capital of the continent, with a population board ker of logs at one time. shirts. Even the paths trodden by their feet, them ready early that morning. of 5,664. Lumber made more millionaires, as they walked their weary way back to the in pmportion to the population, than in any At the peak of operation there were John Austin, John Reighard and William starring point, have disappeared. Their f olk scher American city. some thirty great sawmills in Williamsport. Potter were the' shoemakers. They traveled The tanbark industry, which was so impor- talks and songsare no longer known or from house to house and shod the families It is generallybelieved that RolandHill tant at one time that hemlocktrees were sung. Bur the history of those days of the built the first saw mill on Lycoming Creek oncea year.Each member got a pair if it cut, peeledof their bark and allowedto logs and boom,.these men and their doings was necessary.These men carried their own in L793. Six years later, Samuel Torbett lay and rot away.After the trees had been lasts of various sizes.made their own wood- erecteda mill on Bottle Run. and Thomas cut the state took most of the f orests f or are an imporranEpaine in the annals of the en pegs and worked for board and fif ty Caldwell, spoken of earlier, attached a saw back taxes. West Branch of the SusquehannaRiver, as cents a day. mill [o his gristmill on the same creek. These On June 8, 1909 the ]ast ]og was wafted much as an oceanliner is to the tale of Newberry'sadvancement was slow until early mills were powered by water. The up out of the boom.Christian Haist, together Ehe oceans. 14 T H E JO U R N A L 15

THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE LOYALSOCK char the next European passed through Ly- Indians alike had confidencein her ability By DR.LLOYD E. WURSTER coming in 1737 while on a mission for the and integrity. this nation called the Delawares occupied Provincial Government of Pennsylvania to In 1702. Madam Montour married Cor- A number of years ago Mr. George Onandagwa, New York, the capital of the six Kohler, who lives just above Loyalsockville, this part of what is now Pennsylvania.This oildo Wans alias Robert Hunter. an Oneida confederacy was composed of three principal nations, Conrad Weiser traveled through the gave me a cmss section of a large hemlock West Branch Valley, accompanied by Shike!- chief. They settled at Otscuagy sometime iog which had beencut from the Loyallock tribes among which was the Munsee or Wolf tribe which was the only one of the lamy, an Indian chief, who later became prior to 1727.Her husbandwas killed in il some years previously. This I planned to dice-king of the six nations. It was said he have finished and use as a table top since Delaware group who lived in our area. Most battle with the Catawbas in the Spring of traveled up the SusquehannaRiver to a it showed the yearly growth rings vei:y of the Indians living in the West Branch 1729. They had three children: Andrew, Valley at the tilde of the first which ex- point west of the present borough of distinctly and I felt would be of historic Montoursville. They stopped at the Indian Louis and Margaret. Louis, an interpreter interest. There were f our hundred and sixty- plorations were Munsees.They had villages and friend of the whites,was killed during at the mouth of the Loyalsock Creek, at village of Ostuagy arid then followed the [wo growth rings which meant that this the French and Indian War. Margaret, the present site of Newberry and at Linden. Sheshequin Trail and crossed over to Ly- tree had started to grow in the Loyalsock coining Creek and from thence Northward generally known as French Margaret, ruled \Talley, about the tide char Columbus dis- They were, however, driven out by the to New York State. Wiser made many later a village at the mouth of Lycoming Creek. covered America. Let us try to visualize Iroquois and went westwardinto whamis trips through this region in the capacityof what the LoyalsockValley was like at that now Ohio. This was called ''French Margaret's Town.' After the Delawareswere driven out. the guide and emissary for the Provincial Gov- time. The valley was covered with a dense ernment. She prohibited the use of intoxicants in her growth of virgin pine and hemlock, arid the Iroquois used this area chiefly f or hunting realm, pmbably the first recordedcase of and fishing and during the Revolutionary Five yearsafter Wiser's jounley up the early lumbermen stated that these trees enforced prohibition in the United States. were so high and so dense that the sunlight War they allied theTnselveswith the British West Branch, Count Nicholas Ludwig Von seldom peiecrated to the ground. The only and made many bloody foi'ays into Lycoming Zinzendorf, a Moravian missionary came to Margaret's eldest daughter, Esther, frequent- inhabitants of course were the Indians. County. this county. He was accompanied by his ly called Queen Esther, resided at Tioga At the mouth of the Loyalsockon the Early historical recordsstate Chatduring daughter, Benigna, Conrad Wiser, Anna Point, Brady ord County, Pa., at the time east side of the scream was a quite large the Frenchand IndianWars in 1756,a Nitchman, Jay Marlin Mack and [wo rhe Indians attacked the Wyoming settlers. Indian village called Otstuagy. I have quite rather large body of French and Indians friendly Indians. They came up as far as the It is said that she led the Indians in the a few Indo;n artifacts which were found camedown the West Branch Valley from Indian village at the mouth of the LoyaJsock. Wyoming Massacreof July 3, 1778, one at Barboursjust east of the mouthof the western part of Pennsylvania which was Zinzendorf was followed by other mis- Plunkett's Creek, indicating that at one then held by the French and stopped at the sionaries including Bishop Augustus Gottlieb of the most brutal slaughters in the frontier time there must have been an Indian mouth of LoyalsockCreek. There the main Spangenberg, David Zeisberger, David history of rhe state. It is thought that settlementor campingground at this point. body camped and sent some French soldiers Brainerd. and Walt Mack. These mission- Madam Montour died between 1745 and and Indians through che Loyalsock Gap Many artieacts h;ve also been found on aries came to convex:tthe Indians to 1748. Her son Andrew became a leading the Flat land ac the present site of Hills- down the river to do some scouting around Christianity and they were highly success- grove indicating that there musehave been F'ort Augusta in an effort to determine characterin the colonial drama being ful. Chief Shikellimy became a convert and enacted at that time. a village at th;t place. At che junction of whether it might be possible for the French adhered strictly to the beliefs of Christianity the little Loyalsock and big Loyalsock where and Indians to capture the fore and extend the remainderof his life Andrew, whose Indian name was Forksville now stands. a considerable nuun- the French influenceinto this part of the country. This bunch returned after their At che Indian village of Otstuagy at the Sat-tel-ihu, also became famous as an ber of artifacts along with pottery were mouthof the LoyalsockCreek, they found interpreter, guide and advisor to the Indian found in the early d;ys. This would indi- investigationand reportedto the main body a French woman, Madam Montour. Few cate that a village must have existedat that it wouldbe impossibleto takethe tribes in the easternpart of the country. personsso greatly effected the fortunes of Ando:ewMontour was married twice. His this point. There is no record of any main f ort because it was too strong. They then white men. of this section.of the state,as Indian path traversing the LoyalsockValley. decided [o return. They had four small brass this f amouswoman and her son Andrew. first wife was the grand-daughterof The Sheshequin Trail crossed the moun- cannonswhich they had brought down the She is supposedto have been born in Al-lum-ma-pies, a Delaware chief. They had liver on rafts but found it was impossible tain through the LoyalsockGap from White Canada, a daughter of a French Governor to take them along and therefore they one son, John and a daughter,Mary Mag- Deer Valley and crossed the river near In 1.694 when she was cen years of age, her daline. Andrew also was the father of a the mouth of the Loyalsock. It then traversed dumped these cannons into a deep hole at father was killed in a battle with the\five west and north up Miller's Run and across the mouth of the Loyalsockwhich has been nations and she was captured and adopted son, Nicholas, by a second marriage. John called The Cannon Mouth co this day. Montour was born in 1744. He was educated the mountain into the Lycoming Creek by the Indians. Valley near the village of Bodines EARLY EXPLORERS AND SET'lLERS Becauseof her knowledge of FreJach,Eng- at the Philadelphia Academy and served as It might be well to mention the Indian lish. and the variousIndian dialects,her a captainin the DunmoreWorld War. Nations and tribes that occupied this area No one knows who was the first white services as interpreter at treaties were in the early days. The five na;ions occupied man to visit Lycoming County. There is a After leaving the West Branch, Andrew most of the southern New York State and possibility that Etienne Brute, who was a extremely valuable to Provincial authorities. received a grant of land on the Juniata these tribes were of the Iroquoian Nation soldier serving with Champlain may have atHer afirst conference appearancebetween as an Sachensinterpreter of was Six River. Finally, he dripted to Montours Island The Algonquian family inhabited a terri: passed through the West Branch Valley Nations and Robert Hunter, British Gov- in the AlleghenyRiver nearFort Pitt, where tory almost completely surrounding that o€ l;bout 1615.. It was not until approximately the northern Iroquois. A sub-division of one hundred and twenty years after this ernor of New York. The English and he died prior to 1775. 16 TH E JO U R N A L THE OLDESTCHURCH IN LYCOMING COUNTY By BECKY KANE Introduction inured to hardships.They loved God and The Lycoming Presbyterian Church of served him faithfully. Hating tyranny, they Newberg:yhas played a very significant role were truly Calvinistic in their beliefs, self in the history' of Williamspdrt. It is the reliantand able to copewith the dangerand oldest church in Lycoming County. The privations of the wilderness. It was because exact dare of its founding is unknown, of thesequalities that theyreachedtheirdes- although there is reliable evidence to show tination . . . only to find the territory dis- that it was already in existence in 1786 paced, claimed by both Indians and whites. because it was transferred from the juris- By the purchase of 1768 the Pennsylvani21 diction of the Donegal Presbytery to the land extended westward to the Tiadaghton Carlisle Presbyteryin that year.i Creek. Af ter this the Indians claimed the There is a probability that the missionary Lycoming to be the TiadaghtonCreek; the [o the Indian;, David Brainard.was at Ly- n;bites claimed that Pine Creek was the coming Creek as early as 1746 because it Tiadaghton. Becauseof the controversyand is known that on .July 25, 1746, he met and fearing bloodshed the Proprietors made the preachedto the Indians at that point where proclamationsaying that no one could settle the Sheshequin Path crosses Lycoming on this land. Creek. ' Thesesettlers had land grants and had On October 3, 1792, the first call of the paid cashf or them so there seetnednothing Lycoming Presbyterian congregation was to do but enter the land as "squatters extended'to the k.everendJohn Boyd,who which they did. The first to enter wits later returned it unaccepted. On April 9, Joseph Haines, followed by the Kings, Caro- J794, the Reverend' Isaac Grief was or- thers, Caldwells, Hughes, Mahaffeys, Suttons, damnedand installed as their first permanent Griers, Hagerman,. Hays (my great, great pastor. He had lush completed two years grandparents.),Updegraffs: and Tuners. The missionary labor in than ;rea. names have been handed down from gener- The original church was a crude log anon to generation in the church. The names building. When or by whom it was built of the chartermembers are not known is unknown. The entrancewas on the south in the treaty of 1784 at Fort Standwix, side. Rough stairs led from the outside [o che Indians acknowledged that Pine Creek che galleries at each end of the church. The was.the Tiadaghton Creek. The settlers pro: interior had old-fashioned high pews and ceeded therefore to stake their claims, and a correspond'ing high English or "wine [o apply for patents. The first patent was glass" type pulps frail whicil was suspended deceived by. John Sutton, Septemb.er 2, 1786? a sounding board decoratedwith a large for 321 5/8A. In 1794 he had it surveyed star.2 No equipment for heating the chul:ch and laid out into lots, screeds,and alleys.4 was provided.'There were no ire-p]aces or The ]og church was destroyed'. by fifa , stovesand not even a chimneyPeople in May, 1817.The fire originatedin Mr./' walked from Pennsdale,Trout Run, and Reynold'swagon makers shop on the east Jersey Shore to worship in the house of side of .presentday Arch Street.Mrs. BetlX God.'Becausethey had to savetheir shoes, Reynolds,who was a famousbaker of they wouldn't wear them until they got to home-madecakes and.pies? on the day of the'big bend in the railroad above Newberry the fire, .had .prepared a batch .of ginger where they would stop and put them on.3 cakes and had gone [o a funeral. The membersof this old log church wei:e (Continued in next issue) mainly Scotch-Irish. Their ancestors were Scotts who settled in Ireland by edict of 1. H2;/Offs Lg/co f#g Pfe-rby/a&/z C,6#fa#, James 1 (1606-1625) of England.They p. 8 were very dissatisfied in Ireland and en- 2. Hi;/Offs Z,ycomf g PfeibJ//effa C#wfc#, dured much prosecution.In 1680 a great P. 8 number of them left f or America. Mlany 3. 1,yromzffzg Pfeiby/aria/z C# rcb, Nezp- came to Pennsylvania and pushed their w?y , &effy,.P. 2.. . .1..n '. up the Susquehannato ':unsettled' lands. 4. LI'coh;;g Preiby/er£4#C$ 793 These Scotch:Irishwere hardy, sturdy, and &effy, PP. 1,2 s].od